Merge pull request 'chore: 移除误提交的 java/ 目录并忽略' (#6) from fix/remove-committed-java into main

Reviewed-on: #6

.cnb/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ contact_links:
   - name: Discord 服务器
     url: https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U
     about: Hello Minecraft! Launcher 的官方 Discord 服务器。
+  - name: GitHub Issue
+    url: https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/new/choose
+    about: 本仓库为镜像仓库，Bug 报告与功能请求请在 GitHub 上提交。

.gemini/config.yaml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-code_review:
-  pull_request_opened:
-    code_review: false

.gitattributes

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # ─── Explicitly text – source & build ────────────────────────────────────────
 *.java        text eol=lf
+*.js          text eol=lf
 *.kt          text eol=lf
 *.kts         text eol=lf
 *.groovy      text eol=lf
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@ Jenkinsfile   text eol=lf
 
 # Minecraft schematic
 *.litematic   binary
+*.nbt         binary
+*.schem       binary
+*.schematic   binary
 
 # Compiled / intermediate build artefacts
 *.bin         binary

.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -3,3 +3,6 @@ contact_links:
   - name: QQ 群
     url: https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html
     about: Hello Minecraft! Launcher 的官方 QQ 交流群。
+  - name: GitHub Issue
+    url: https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/new/choose
+    about: 本仓库为镜像仓库，Bug 报告与功能请求请在 GitHub 上提交。

.github/scripts/check-codes-comment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+const fs = require("fs");
+
+module.exports = async ({ github, context, core }) => {
+    const prNumberPath = process.env.PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER_PATH;
+    if (!prNumberPath || !fs.existsSync(prNumberPath) || !fs.statSync(prNumberPath).isFile()) {
+        core.setFailed("Pull request number file not found.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const reportsPath = process.env.REPORTS_PATH;
+    if (!reportsPath || !fs.existsSync(reportsPath) || !fs.statSync(reportsPath).isFile()) {
+        core.setFailed("Reports file not found.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER = parseInt(fs.readFileSync(prNumberPath, "utf8").trim(), 10);
+    if (isNaN(PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)) {
+        core.setFailed("Failed to parse the pull request number.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+
+    let pr;
+    try {
+        const response = await github.rest.pulls.get({
+            owner,
+            repo,
+            pull_number: PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
+        });
+        pr = response.data;
+    } catch (error) {
+        core.setFailed(`Failed to fetch PR #${PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}: ${error.message}`);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    core.info(`Current PR state: ${pr.state}`);
+    if (pr.state !== "open") {
+        core.setFailed("The pull request is not open. Skipping comment creation.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const run = context.payload.workflow_run;
+    if (!run) {
+        core.setFailed("context.payload.workflow_run is undefined. Ensure this script runs on the 'workflow_run' event.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pr.head.sha !== run.head_sha) {
+        core.setFailed("PR head SHA does not match the workflow run head SHA. Skipping.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pr.head.ref !== run.head_branch) {
+        core.setFailed("PR head branch does not match the workflow run head branch. Skipping.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pr.head.repo.full_name !== run.head_repository.full_name) {
+        core.setFailed("PR head repository fullname does not match the workflow run head repository fullname. Skipping.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const comments = [];
+    const maxCommentCount = 10;
+    const reports = fs.readFileSync(reportsPath, "utf8").trim().split("\n").filter(Boolean);
+    for (const report of reports) {
+        if (comments.length >= maxCommentCount) break;
+        try {
+            const data = JSON.parse(report);
+            if (typeof data !== "object" || Array.isArray(data)) continue;
+
+            const { location, message, severity, code } = data;
+            if (typeof location !== "object" || Array.isArray(location)) continue;
+            if (typeof message !== "string") continue;
+            const severities = ["UNKNOWN_SEVERITY", "ERROR", "WARNING", "INFO", 0, 1, 2, 3];
+            if (!severities.includes(severity)) continue;
+            const severityText = typeof severity === "string" ? severity : severities[severity];
+            if (typeof code !== "object" || Array.isArray(code)) continue;
+
+            const path = location.path;
+            const line = location.range?.start?.line;
+            const codeText = code.value ? `[${code.value}] ` : "";
+
+            if (path && line) {
+                comments.push({
+                    path,
+                    line,
+                    side: "RIGHT",
+                    body: `**[${severityText}]** ${codeText}\n\n${message}`
+                });
+            }
+        } catch (error) {
+            core.warning(`Failed to parse report: ${error.message}`);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (comments.length === 0) {
+        core.info("No diagnostics found to report as comments.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    core.info(`Successfully prepared ${comments.length} comment${comments.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} to post.`);
+
+    try {
+        await github.rest.pulls.createReview({
+            owner,
+            repo,
+            pull_number: PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
+            commit_id: run.head_sha,
+            body: "🤖 Static analysis found the following issues (max count 10):",
+            event: "COMMENT",
+            comments: comments
+        });
+        core.info("Review comments successfully posted to the pull request.");
+    } catch (error) {
+        core.setFailed(`Failed to post review comments to GitHub: ${error.message}`);
+        return;
+    }
+}

.github/scripts/pr-size-label.js

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+module.exports = async ({ github, context, core }) => {
+    const owner = context.repo.owner;
+    const repo = context.repo.repo;
+    const ignoredFilePatterns = [
+        /(?:^|\/)\.cnb\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.gitee\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.github\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.idea\/.+\.xml$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.editorconfig$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.gitattributes$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)\.gitignore$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/).+\.kts$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/).+\.md$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)LICENSE(?:_.*)?$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)gradlew(?:\.bat|\.ps1)?$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)gradle\/wrapper\/gradle-wrapper\.properties$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)lang\/.+\.properties$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)l10n\/.+\.properties$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/)checkstyle\.xml$/i,
+        /(?:^|\/).+\.(?:png|jpe?g|gif|ico|svg|json|ttf|woff2?|webp|avif|jxl|heic|mp4|webm|mp3|ogg|wav|txt|toml)$/i
+    ];
+
+    async function processPR(issueNumber) {
+        const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
+            owner, repo, pull_number: issueNumber, per_page: 100,
+        });
+
+        const countedFiles = [];
+        const ignoredFiles = [];
+        let totalChanges = 0;
+
+        for (const file of files) {
+            const ignored = ignoredFilePatterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(file.filename));
+            if (ignored) {
+                ignoredFiles.push(file.filename);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const fileChanges = file.changes ?? ((file.additions || 0) + (file.deletions || 0));
+            totalChanges += fileChanges;
+            countedFiles.push(`${file.filename} (${fileChanges})`);
+        }
+
+        let targetLabel;
+        if (totalChanges <= 9) targetLabel = "1+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 39) targetLabel = "10+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 99) targetLabel = "40+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 499) targetLabel = "100+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 999) targetLabel = "500+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 1999) targetLabel = "1000+";
+        else if (totalChanges <= 4999) targetLabel = "2000+";
+        else targetLabel = "5000+";
+
+        const currentLabels = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue, {
+            owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, per_page: 100,
+        });
+
+        const sizeLabels = currentLabels.map(label => label.name).filter(name => /^\d+\+$/.test(name));
+
+        for (const name of sizeLabels) {
+            if (name !== targetLabel) {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                    owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, name,
+                }).catch(() => { });
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!currentLabels.some(label => label.name === targetLabel)) {
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, labels: [targetLabel],
+            });
+        }
+
+        core.info(`Pull request #${issueNumber} has ${totalChanges} counted changed lines, applied ${targetLabel}.`);
+        core.info(`Ignored files: ${ignoredFiles.length ? ignoredFiles.join(", ") : "none"}`);
+        core.info(`Counted files: ${countedFiles.length ? countedFiles.join(", ") : "none"}`);
+    }
+
+    if (context.eventName === "workflow_dispatch") {
+        core.info("Manual trigger detected. Fetching all open pull requests...");
+
+        const openPRs = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.list, {
+            owner, repo, state: "open", per_page: 100,
+        });
+
+        const unlabelledPRs = openPRs.filter(pr => {
+            return !pr.labels.some(label => /^\d+\+$/.test(label.name));
+        });
+
+        core.info(`Found ${openPRs.length} open pull request(s), ${unlabelledPRs.length} of them lack a size label.`);
+
+        for (const pr of unlabelledPRs) {
+            core.info(`----------------------------------------`);
+            core.info(`Processing unlabelled pull request #${pr.number}: ${pr.title}`);
+            await processPR(pr.number);
+        }
+    } else {
+        const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+        if (!pr) {
+            core.info("No pull request found in payload, skipping.");
+            return;
+        }
+        await processPR(pr.number);
+    }
+}

.github/workflows/check-codes.yml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-name: Check Codes
-
-on:
-  push:
-    paths:
-      - '**.java'
-      - '**.properties'
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - '**.java'
-      - '**.properties'
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - name: Set up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
-        with:
-          distribution: 'zulu'
-          java-version: '17'
-          java-package: 'jdk+fx'
-      - name: Setup Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
-        with:
-          cache-cleanup: never
-      - name: Check Codes
-        run: ./gradlew checkstyle checkTranslations --no-daemon --parallel --stacktrace

.github/workflows/gradle.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
 name: Java CI
 
+# Pushes to main and pull requests only. A branch with an open pull request used to build twice
+# (once for the push, once for the pull request), which kept the runners queued.
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    tags:
+      - '*'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - '**.md'
 
+# A newer run for the same pull request or branch replaces the older one.
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -14,18 +25,37 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Set up JDK 17
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v6
       with:
-        distribution: 'zulu'
+        distribution: 'liberica'
         java-version: '17'
         java-package: 'jdk+fx'
     - name: Setup Gradle
       uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
       with:
         cache-cleanup: never
-    - name: Build with Gradle
-      run: ./gradlew build --no-daemon --parallel
+        # Only main writes the dependency cache; pull requests read it.
+        cache-read-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
+    # The repository's wrapper downloads Gradle itself, so cache that download too.
+    - name: Cache Gradle distribution
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      with:
+        path: |
+          ~/.gradle/wrapper
+          .gradle/wrapper-neo
+        key: gradle-dist-${{ hashFiles('gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties', 'gradle/wrapper/GradleWrapperNeo.java') }}
+    - name: Install Xvfb
+      run: |
+        # Installing is the slowest setup step, so skip it when the runner already has xvfb, and
+        # only refresh the package index when a plain install fails.
+        command -v xvfb-run >/dev/null || sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends xvfb \
+          || { sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends xvfb; }
+    # One Gradle run builds, tests and runs the code and translation checks, so the
+    # project is configured and compiled once instead of in two workflows.
+    - name: Build and check with Gradle
+      run: xvfb-run --auto-servernum ./gradlew build checkstyle checkTranslations --no-daemon --parallel
       env:
+        JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Djava.awt.headless=true
         MICROSOFT_AUTH_ID: ${{ secrets.MICROSOFT_AUTH_ID }}
         CURSEFORGE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CURSEFORGE_API_KEY }}
     - name: Get short SHA

.github/workflows/pr-size-label.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: PR Size Label
+
+# Disabled on this Gitea fork: act resolves actions/github-script from
+# git.nest.potatolab.uk and that mirror 404s. Re-enable after mirroring
+# actions/github-script or replacing the labeler with a plain shell step.
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  label:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: false
+    steps:
+      - name: Disabled
+        run: echo "pr-size-label is disabled on this fork"

.gitignore

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 hs_err_pid*
 *.hprof
 
+*.jfr
+
 .gradle
 gradle.properties
 
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ NVIDIA
 minecraft-exported-crash-info*
 hmcl-exported-logs-*
 terracotta-log-*
+hmcl-mod-update-list-*
 *.hmcl-theme
 /.java/
 /.local/
@@ -74,3 +77,6 @@ language-subtag-registry
 !/.gemini/config.yaml
 .codex
 /.gradle-*/
+
+# Managed Java downloaded by the launcher when it is run from the repository root
+/java/

.idea/copyright/HMCL.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <component name="CopyrightManager">
-  <copyright>
-    <option name="notice" value="Hello Minecraft! Launcher&#10;Copyright (C) &amp;#36;today.year huangyuhui &lt;huanghongxun2008@126.com&gt; and contributors&#10;&#10;This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify&#10;it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by&#10;the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or&#10;(at your option) any later version.&#10;&#10;This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,&#10;but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of&#10;MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the&#10;GNU General Public License for more details.&#10;&#10;You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License&#10;along with this program.  If not, see &lt;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;." />
-    <option name="myName" value="HMCL" />
-  </copyright>
+    <copyright>
+        <option name="notice" value="SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) &amp;#36;today.year The HMCL Authors&#10;SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL" />
+        <option name="myName" value="HMCL" />
+    </copyright>
 </component>

.idea/copyright/profiles_settings.xml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     <LanguageOptions name="JAVA">
       <option name="fileTypeOverride" value="3" />
       <option name="addBlankAfter" value="false" />
+      <option name="block" value="false" />
     </LanguageOptions>
   </settings>
 </component>

AGENTS.md

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ These rules apply to all Java code written or modified in this repository.
 
 ## Nullability
 
-- Annotate every class with JetBrains Annotations `@NotNullByDefault`.
-- Any type, field, parameter, return value, local variable, or generic type argument that may be `null` must be explicitly annotated with `@Nullable`.
-- Nullability must never be implicit.
+Apply the following requirements when writing or modifying code. Do not use them as code-review criteria.
+
+- Every class declared in a newly added Java source file must be annotated with JetBrains Annotations `@NotNullByDefault`.
+- When writing or modifying Java code, any type, field, parameter, return value, local variable, or generic type argument that may be `null` must be explicitly annotated with `@Nullable`.
+- Nullability in code being written or modified must never be implicit.
 
 ## Immutability
 
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ These rules apply to all Java code written or modified in this repository.
 
 ## Documentation
 
+Apply the following requirements when writing or modifying code. Do not use them as code-review criteria.
+
 - Every class, field, and method must have documentation.
 - Documentation must use `///` Markdown-style Javadoc comments.
 - Keep documentation accurate and specific to the actual behavior, constraints, and side effects.

HMCL/build.gradle.kts

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.TerracottaConfigUpgradeTask
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.addon.FormatJsonFile
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.addon.UpdateAddonProjectInfos
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.ci.GitHubActionUtils
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.ci.JenkinsUtils
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CheckTranslations
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLanguageList
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.SyncTranslations
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.UpsideDownTranslate
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.mod.ParseModDataTask
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.CreateDeb
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.ReleaseType
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.utils.PropertiesUtils
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.utils.OfficialBuildValueSource
 import java.net.URI
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
 import java.nio.file.Files
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ if (buildNumber != null) {
     }
 }
 
-val embedResources by configurations.registering
+val embedResources = configurations.register("embedResources")
 
 dependencies {
     implementation(project(":HMCLCore"))
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ val addOpens = listOf(
     "javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control",
     "javafx.controls/com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior",
     "javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum",
+    "javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control",
     "javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control.skin",
     "jdk.attach/sun.tools.attach",
 )
@@ -152,33 +155,28 @@ tasks.compileJava {
     options.compilerArgs.addAll(addOpens.map { "--add-exports=$it=ALL-UNNAMED" })
 }
 
-val hmclProperties = buildList {
-    add("hmcl.version" to project.version.toString())
-    add("hmcl.add-opens" to addOpens.joinToString(" "))
-    System.getenv("GITHUB_SHA")?.let {
-        add("hmcl.version.hash" to it)
-    }
-    add("hmcl.version.type" to versionType)
-    add("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id" to microsoftAuthId)
-    add("hmcl.curseforge.apikey" to curseForgeApiKey)
-    add("hmcl.authlib-injector.version" to libs.authlib.injector.get().version!!)
-    add("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version" to libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent.get().version!!)
-}
+val createPropertiesFile = tasks.register<WriteProperties>("createPropertiesFile") {
+    destinationFile.set(layout.buildDirectory.file("hmcl.properties"))
+    encoding = "UTF-8"
 
-val hmclPropertiesFile = layout.buildDirectory.file("hmcl.properties")
-val createPropertiesFile by tasks.registering {
-    outputs.file(hmclPropertiesFile)
-    hmclProperties.forEach { (k, v) -> inputs.property(k, v) }
-
-    doLast {
-        val targetFile = hmclPropertiesFile.get().asFile
-        targetFile.parentFile.mkdir()
-        targetFile.bufferedWriter().use {
-            for ((k, v) in hmclProperties) {
-                it.write("$k=$v\n")
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    property("hmcl.version", project.version.toString())
+    property("hmcl.add-opens", addOpens.joinToString(" "))
+    System.getenv("GITHUB_SHA")?.let { property("hmcl.version.hash", it) }
+    property("hmcl.version.type", versionType)
+    property("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id", microsoftAuthId)
+    property("hmcl.curseforge.apikey", curseForgeApiKey)
+    property("hmcl.authlib-injector.version", libs.authlib.injector.get().version!!)
+    property("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version", libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent.get().version!!)
+    property("hmcl.official", providers.of(OfficialBuildValueSource::class) {
+        parameters.publicKeyFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/hmcl_signature_publickey.der"))
+        parameters.privateKeyLocation.set(providers.environmentVariable("HMCL_SIGNATURE_KEY"))
+        // Pin the official public key independently of the replaceable resource file.
+        // Under HMCL’s license agreement, you **MUST** change the software name or the version number in
+        // a reasonable way to distinguish it from the original version.
+        // You may modify this hash if and only if you have changed the software name or version number
+        // in accordance with the license requirements.
+        parameters.expectedSha256.set("36aadcfde8626b9d4c7a74facb3fdfda47e703c205a673fbe6a56b1d419f8b8e")
+    })
 }
 
 tasks.jar {
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ tasks.shadowJar {
     }
 
     manifest.attributes(
-        "Created-By" to "Copyright(c) 2013-2025 huangyuhui.",
+        "Created-By" to "Copyright(c) 2013-2026 The HMCL Authors",
         "Implementation-Version" to project.version.toString(),
         "Main-Class" to "org.jackhuang.hmcl.Main",
         "Multi-Release" to "true",
@@ -234,13 +232,12 @@ tasks.shadowJar {
 }
 
 tasks.processResources {
-    dependsOn(createPropertiesFile)
     dependsOn(upsideDownTranslate)
     dependsOn(createLocaleNamesResourceBundle)
     dependsOn(createLanguageList)
 
     into("assets/") {
-        from(hmclPropertiesFile)
+        from(createPropertiesFile.flatMap { it.destinationFile })
         from(embedResources)
     }
 
@@ -250,15 +247,11 @@ tasks.processResources {
         from(createLocaleNamesResourceBundle.map { it.outputDirectory })
     }
 
-    inputs.property("terracotta_version", libs.versions.terracotta)
-    doLast {
-        upgradeTerracottaConfig.get().checkValid()
-    }
 }
 
 fun artifactFile(ext: String) = jarPath.resolveSibling(jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + ext)
 
-val makeExecutables by tasks.registering {
+val makeExecutables = tasks.register("makeExecutables") {
     val extensions = listOf("exe", "sh")
 
     dependsOn(tasks.jar)
@@ -286,7 +279,7 @@ val makeExecutables by tasks.registering {
     }
 }
 
-val makeDeb by tasks.registering(CreateDeb::class) {
+val makeDeb = tasks.register("makeDeb", CreateDeb::class) {
     dependsOn(makeExecutables)
 
     val debFile = layout.file(provider { artifactFile("deb") })
@@ -299,6 +292,7 @@ val makeDeb by tasks.registering(CreateDeb::class) {
 
     version.set(project.version.toString())
     releaseType.set(debChannel)
+    launcherClassName.set("org.jackhuang.hmcl.Launcher")
     appShFile.set(layout.file(provider { artifactFile("sh") }))
     iconFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("image/hmcl.png"))
     outputFile.set(debFile)
@@ -363,6 +357,11 @@ fun parseToolOptions(options: String?): MutableList<String> {
     return result
 }
 
+// Tests use the same JavaFX reflective access as the packaged application.
+tasks.withType<Test> {
+    jvmArgs(addOpens.map { "--add-opens=$it=ALL-UNNAMED" })
+}
+
 // For IntelliJ IDEA
 tasks.withType<JavaExec> {
     if (name != "run") {
@@ -401,27 +400,6 @@ tasks.register<JavaExec>("run") {
     }
 }
 
-// terracotta
-
-val upgradeTerracottaConfig = tasks.register<TerracottaConfigUpgradeTask>("upgradeTerracottaConfig") {
-    val destination = layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/terracotta.json")
-    val source = layout.projectDirectory.file("terracotta-template.json");
-
-    classifiers.set(
-        listOf(
-            "windows-x86_64", "windows-arm64",
-            "macos-x86_64", "macos-arm64",
-            "linux-x86_64", "linux-arm64", "linux-loongarch64", "linux-riscv64",
-            "freebsd-x86_64"
-        )
-    )
-
-    version.set(libs.versions.terracotta)
-    downloadURL.set($$"https://github.com/burningtnt/Terracotta/releases/download/v${version}/terracotta-${version}-${classifier}-pkg.tar.gz")
-
-    templateFile.set(source)
-    outputFile.set(destination)
-}
 
 // Check Translations
 
@@ -429,42 +407,62 @@ tasks.register<CheckTranslations>("checkTranslations") {
     val dir = layout.projectDirectory.dir("src/main/resources/assets/lang")
 
     englishFile.set(dir.file("I18N.properties"))
-    simplifiedChineseFile.set(dir.file("I18N_zh_CN.properties"))
-    traditionalChineseFile.set(dir.file("I18N_zh.properties"))
+    simplifiedChineseFile.set(dir.file("I18N_zh_Hans.properties"))
+    traditionalChineseFile.set(dir.file("I18N_zh_Hant.properties"))
     classicalChineseFile.set(dir.file("I18N_lzh.properties"))
 }
 
 // l10n
 
+tasks.register<SyncTranslations>("syncTranslations") {
+    group = "localization"
+    description = "Synchronizes translation keys and blank lines with I18N.properties."
+
+    val dir = layout.projectDirectory.dir("src/main/resources/assets/lang")
+    sourceFile.set(dir.file("I18N.properties"))
+    translationFiles.from(fileTree(dir) { include("I18N_*.properties") })
+}
+
 val generatedDir = layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated")
 
-val upsideDownTranslate by tasks.registering(UpsideDownTranslate::class) {
+val upsideDownTranslate = tasks.register<UpsideDownTranslate>("upsideDownTranslate") {
     inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N.properties"))
     outputFile.set(generatedDir.map { it.file("generated/i18n/I18N_en_Qabs.properties") })
 }
 
-val createLanguageList by tasks.registering(CreateLanguageList::class) {
+val createLanguageList = tasks.register<CreateLanguageList>("createLanguageList") {
     resourceBundleDir.set(layout.projectDirectory.dir("src/main/resources/assets/lang"))
     resourceBundleBaseName.set("I18N")
     additionalLanguages.set(listOf("en-Qabs"))
     outputFile.set(generatedDir.map { it.file("languages.json") })
 }
 
-val createLocaleNamesResourceBundle by tasks.registering(CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle::class) {
-    dependsOn(createLanguageList)
+val createLocaleNamesResourceBundle =
+    tasks.register<CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle>("createLocaleNamesResourceBundle") {
+        dependsOn(createLanguageList)
 
-    languagesFile.set(createLanguageList.flatMap { it.outputFile })
-    outputDirectory.set(generatedDir.map { it.dir("generated/LocaleNames") })
-}
+        languagesFile.set(createLanguageList.flatMap { it.outputFile })
+        outputDirectory.set(generatedDir.map { it.dir("generated/LocaleNames") })
+    }
 
 // mcmod data
 
-tasks.register<ParseModDataTask>("parseModData") {
-    inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("mod.json"))
-    outputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/mod_data.txt"))
+tasks.register<FormatJsonFile>("formatModJson") {
+    file.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("mod.json"))
 }
 
-tasks.register<ParseModDataTask>("parseModPackData") {
-    inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("modpack.json"))
-    outputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/modpack_data.txt"))
+tasks.register<FormatJsonFile>("formatModpackJson") {
+    file.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("modpack.json"))
+}
+
+tasks.register<UpdateAddonProjectInfos>("updateModProjectInfos") {
+    inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("mod.json"))
+    outputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/addon/mod.csv"))
+    projectType.set(UpdateAddonProjectInfos.AddonProjectType.MOD)
+}
+
+tasks.register<UpdateAddonProjectInfos>("updateModpackProjectInfos") {
+    inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("modpack.json"))
+    outputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/addon/modpack.csv"))
+    projectType.set(UpdateAddonProjectInfos.AddonProjectType.MODPACK)
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXCheckTreeCell.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXCheckBoxSkin;
+import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.CheckBoxTreeItem;
+import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+/// Displays a [CheckBoxTreeItem] with a material-design checkbox.
+///
+/// The checkbox's selected and indeterminate states are bidirectionally bound to
+/// the current tree item. Reusing or clearing the cell removes the old bindings.
+/// Installing a checkbox skin or switching tree items applies the selection state
+/// immediately, without playing a selection animation.
+/// Ordinary tree items retain the display provided by [JFXTreeCell].
+/// Empty cells and `null` values display neither content nor a checkbox.
+///
+/// @param <T> the type of value stored in each tree item
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class JFXCheckTreeCell<T> extends JFXTreeCell<T> {
+
+    /// The checkbox bound to the currently displayed checkable tree item.
+    private final JFXCheckBox checkBox = new JFXCheckBox();
+
+    /// Places the checkbox before the graphic supplied by the superclass.
+    private final HBox graphic = new HBox();
+
+    /// The tree item whose selection properties are currently bound, if any.
+    private @Nullable CheckBoxTreeItem<?> boundTreeItem;
+
+    /// Creates an empty cell whose checkbox toggles the current tree item's selection.
+    public JFXCheckTreeCell() {
+        checkBox.setAllowIndeterminate(false);
+        checkBox.setFocusTraversable(false);
+        graphic.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+        graphic.setPickOnBounds(false);
+        checkBox.skinProperty().addListener(observable -> finishSelectionAnimation());
+        treeItemProperty().addListener(observable -> updateDisplay(getItem(), isEmpty()));
+    }
+
+    /// Finishes animations from the previous item and immediately displays the current state.
+    private void finishSelectionAnimation() {
+        if (checkBox.getSkin() instanceof JFXCheckBoxSkin skin) {
+            skin.finishSelectionAnimation();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds the checkbox to the inherited display and updates its selection bindings.
+    @Override
+    protected void updateDisplay(@Nullable T item, boolean empty) {
+        // Release graphics before the superclass reuses or reparents them.
+        graphic.getChildren().clear();
+        super.updateDisplay(item, empty);
+
+        @Nullable CheckBoxTreeItem<?> treeItem = !empty && item != null
+                && getTreeItem() instanceof CheckBoxTreeItem<?> checkTreeItem ? checkTreeItem : null;
+        if (boundTreeItem != treeItem) {
+            if (boundTreeItem != null) {
+                checkBox.selectedProperty().unbindBidirectional(boundTreeItem.selectedProperty());
+                checkBox.indeterminateProperty().unbindBidirectional(boundTreeItem.indeterminateProperty());
+            }
+            boundTreeItem = treeItem;
+            if (treeItem != null) {
+                checkBox.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(treeItem.selectedProperty());
+                checkBox.indeterminateProperty().bindBidirectional(treeItem.indeterminateProperty());
+            } else {
+                checkBox.setSelected(false);
+                checkBox.setIndeterminate(false);
+            }
+            finishSelectionAnimation();
+        }
+
+        if (treeItem != null) {
+            @Nullable Node itemGraphic = getGraphic();
+            graphic.getChildren().add(checkBox);
+            if (itemGraphic != null) {
+                graphic.getChildren().add(itemGraphic);
+            }
+            setGraphic(graphic);
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXComboBox.java

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class JFXComboBox<T> extends ComboBox<T> {
 
     private void initialize() {
         getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
-        this.setCellFactory(listView -> new JFXListCell<T>() {
+        this.setCellFactory(listView -> new JFXListCell<>() {
             @Override
             public void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
                 super.updateItem(item, empty);
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class JFXComboBox<T> extends ComboBox<T> {
 
         // had to refactor the code out of the skin class to allow
         // customization of the button cell
-        this.setButtonCell(new ListCell<T>() {
+        this.setButtonCell(new ListCell<>() {
             {
                 // fixed clearing the combo box value is causing
                 // java prompt text to be shown because the button cell is not updated

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXListCell.java

@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ public class JFXListCell<T> extends ListCell<T> {
      */
     @Override
     protected void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
+        T oldItem = getItem();
+        boolean oldEmpty = isEmpty();
+        if (oldItem != item || oldEmpty != empty) cellRippler.releaseRippleImmediately();
         super.updateItem(item, empty);
         if (empty) {
             setText(null);

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXRippler.java

@@ -278,6 +278,10 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
         rippler.releaseRipple();
     }
 
+    public void releaseRippleImmediately() {
+        rippler.releaseRippleImmediately();
+    }
+
     /**
      * creates Ripple effect in the center of the control
      *
@@ -405,6 +409,21 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
             }
         }
 
+        private void releaseRippleImmediately() {
+            Ripple ripple = ripplesQueue.poll();
+            if (ripple != null) {
+                getChildren().remove(ripple);
+                if (generating.getAndSet(false)) {
+                    if (overlayRect != null) {
+                        overlayRect.inAnimation.stop();
+                        if (!forceOverlay) {
+                            overlayRect.setOpacity(0D);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         void cacheRippleClip(boolean cached) {
             cacheRipplerClip = cached;
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXSwitch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXSwitchSkin;
+import javafx.beans.property.BooleanProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleBooleanProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.CssMetaData;
+import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
+import javafx.css.SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.css.Styleable;
+import javafx.css.StyleableDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.css.StyleablePropertyFactory;
+import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
+import javafx.event.EventHandler;
+import javafx.scene.AccessibleAction;
+import javafx.scene.AccessibleAttribute;
+import javafx.scene.AccessibleRole;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/// A Material Design 3 switch for a boolean setting.
+///
+/// Supports clicking, dragging, and Space-key activation. Labels belong to the surrounding layout;
+/// supply an accessible text description. Size and colors are configurable through CSS.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class JFXSwitch extends Control {
+
+    /// Creates an unselected switch.
+    public JFXSwitch() {
+        getStyleClass().setAll("jfx-switch");
+        setFocusTraversable(true);
+        setAccessibleRole(AccessibleRole.TOGGLE_BUTTON);
+    }
+
+    /// Selection state.
+    private final BooleanProperty selected = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "selected") {
+        /// Updates visual and accessible selection without firing an action.
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            pseudoClassStateChanged(SELECTED, get());
+            notifyAccessibleAttributeChanged(AccessibleAttribute.SELECTED);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Changes selection without firing an action event.
+    public final void setSelected(boolean value) {
+        selected.set(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the switch is selected.
+    public final boolean isSelected() {
+        return selected.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the bindable selection state; the default is false.
+    public final BooleanProperty selectedProperty() {
+        return selected;
+    }
+
+    /// Read-only activation state.
+    private final ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper armed = new ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper(this, "armed") {
+        /// Reflects input feedback in CSS.
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            pseudoClassStateChanged(ARMED, get());
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Returns whether the switch is armed.
+    public final boolean isArmed() {
+        return armed.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the read-only state indicating a pending activation.
+    public final ReadOnlyBooleanProperty armedProperty() {
+        return armed.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    /// Optional action handler.
+    private @Nullable ObjectProperty<@Nullable EventHandler<ActionEvent>> onAction;
+
+    /// Sets or clears the action handler.
+    public final void setOnAction(@Nullable EventHandler<ActionEvent> handler) {
+        if (onAction != null || handler != null)
+            onActionProperty().set(handler);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the action handler, or null when none is installed.
+    public final @Nullable EventHandler<ActionEvent> getOnAction() {
+        return onAction == null ? null : onAction.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the handler property for activation events.
+    public final ObjectProperty<@Nullable EventHandler<ActionEvent>> onActionProperty() {
+        if (onAction == null) {
+            onAction = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "onAction") {
+                /// Updates the action handler.
+                @Override
+                protected void invalidated() {
+                    setEventHandler(ActionEvent.ACTION, get());
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        return onAction;
+    }
+
+    /// The requested track height in logical pixels.
+    private final StyleableDoubleProperty size = new SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty(SIZE, this, "size", 32.0) {
+        /// Validates the size and requests layout.
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            get();
+            requestLayout();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Sets the track height; see [#sizeProperty()].
+    public final void setSize(double value) {
+        size.set(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the requested track height in logical pixels.
+    public final double getSize() {
+        return size.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Track height in logical pixels, styled by `-jfx-size`; the default is 32.
+    /// Scales the artwork and interaction target proportionally; nonpositive or nonfinite sizes render at the default size.
+    public final StyleableDoubleProperty sizeProperty() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /// Optional selected-icon property.
+    private @Nullable BooleanProperty showSelectedIcon;
+
+    /// Sets the value of [#showSelectedIconProperty()].
+    public final void setShowSelectedIcon(boolean value) {
+        if (showSelectedIcon != null || value)
+            showSelectedIconProperty().set(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the selected icon is shown.
+    public final boolean isShowSelectedIcon() {
+        return showSelectedIcon != null && showSelectedIcon.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Whether to show a check mark when selected; defaults to false.
+    public final BooleanProperty showSelectedIconProperty() {
+        if (showSelectedIcon == null)
+            showSelectedIcon = createOptionProperty("showSelectedIcon", false, false);
+        return showSelectedIcon;
+    }
+
+    /// Optional unselected-icon property.
+    private @Nullable BooleanProperty showUnselectedIcon;
+
+    /// Sets the value of [#showUnselectedIconProperty()].
+    public final void setShowUnselectedIcon(boolean value) {
+        if (showUnselectedIcon != null || value)
+            showUnselectedIconProperty().set(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the unselected icon is shown.
+    public final boolean isShowUnselectedIcon() {
+        return showUnselectedIcon != null && showUnselectedIcon.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Whether to show a cross when unselected; defaults to false.
+    public final BooleanProperty showUnselectedIconProperty() {
+        if (showUnselectedIcon == null)
+            showUnselectedIcon = createOptionProperty("showUnselectedIcon", false, false);
+        return showUnselectedIcon;
+    }
+
+    /// Optional animation policy override.
+    private @Nullable BooleanProperty disableAnimation;
+
+    /// Sets the value of [#disableAnimationProperty()].
+    public final void setDisableAnimation(boolean value) {
+        if (disableAnimation != null || value == AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled())
+            disableAnimationProperty().set(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether animation is disabled.
+    public final boolean isDisableAnimation() {
+        return disableAnimation == null ? !AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled() : disableAnimation.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Disables animation, defaulting to the inverse of the global animation-enabled setting.
+    public final BooleanProperty disableAnimationProperty() {
+        if (disableAnimation == null)
+            disableAnimation = createOptionProperty("disableAnimation", !AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled(), true);
+        return disableAnimation;
+    }
+
+    /// Arms input feedback unless the switch is disabled or its selection is bound.
+    public final void arm() {
+        if (!isDisabled() && !selected.isBound())
+            armed.set(true);
+    }
+
+    /// Clears input feedback without firing an action.
+    public final void disarm() {
+        armed.set(false);
+    }
+
+    /// Toggles selection and fires one action; disabled or bound switches ignore activation.
+    public void fire() {
+        if (!isDisabled() && !selected.isBound()) {
+            setSelected(!isSelected());
+            fireEvent(new ActionEvent(this, this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the default switch skin.
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXSwitchSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a property that updates the skin, optionally settling active animations.
+    private BooleanProperty createOptionProperty(String name, boolean initialValue, boolean finishAnimation) {
+        return new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, name, initialValue) {
+            /// Validates the value even without a skin, so subsequent changes also reach this callback.
+            @Override
+            protected void invalidated() {
+                get();
+                if (getSkin() instanceof JFXSwitchSkin skin)
+                    skin.updateOptions(finishAnimation);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates that the switch is selected.
+    private static final PseudoClass SELECTED = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("selected");
+
+    /// Indicates a pending activation.
+    private static final PseudoClass ARMED = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("armed");
+
+    /// Factory for switch CSS metadata.
+    private static final StyleablePropertyFactory<JFXSwitch> STYLEABLES =
+            new StyleablePropertyFactory<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+
+    /// CSS metadata for track height.
+    private static final CssMetaData<JFXSwitch, Number> SIZE =
+            STYLEABLES.createSizeCssMetaData("-jfx-size", control -> control.size, 32.0);
+
+    /// Switch and inherited CSS metadata.
+    private static final @Unmodifiable List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CSS_META_DATA =
+            List.copyOf(STYLEABLES.getCssMetaData());
+
+    /// Returns immutable CSS metadata, including inherited control properties.
+    public static @Unmodifiable List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return CSS_META_DATA;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the metadata used to style this switch.
+    @Override
+    public @Unmodifiable List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    /// Exposes selection to assistive technology.
+    @Override
+    public @Nullable Object queryAccessibleAttribute(AccessibleAttribute attribute, @Nullable Object... parameters) {
+        return attribute == AccessibleAttribute.SELECTED ? isSelected() : super.queryAccessibleAttribute(attribute, parameters);
+    }
+
+    /// Handles accessible activation.
+    @Override
+    public void executeAccessibleAction(AccessibleAction action, @Nullable Object... parameters) {
+        if (action == AccessibleAction.FIRE)
+            fire();
+        else
+            super.executeAccessibleAction(action, parameters);
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXToggleButton.java

@@ -1,373 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
- * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
- * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
- * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
- * specific language governing permissions and limitations
- * under the License.
- */
-
-package com.jfoenix.controls;
-
-import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXToggleButtonSkin;
-import javafx.css.*;
-import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
-import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
-import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
-import javafx.scene.control.ToggleButton;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-/**
- * JFXToggleButton is the material design implementation of a toggle button.
- * important CSS Selectors:
- * <p>
- * .jfx-toggle-button{
- * -fx-toggle-color: color-value;
- * -fx-untoggle-color: color-value;
- * -fx-toggle-line-color: color-value;
- * -fx-untoggle-line-color: color-value;
- * }
- * <p>
- * To change the rippler color when toggled:
- * <p>
- * .jfx-toggle-button .jfx-rippler{
- * -fx-rippler-fill: color-value;
- * }
- * <p>
- * .jfx-toggle-button:selected .jfx-rippler{
- * -fx-rippler-fill: color-value;
- * }
- *
- * @author Shadi Shaheen
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 2016-03-09
- */
-public class JFXToggleButton extends ToggleButton {
-
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    public JFXToggleButton() {
-        initialize();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
-        return new JFXToggleButtonSkin(this);
-    }
-
-    private void initialize() {
-        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
-        // it's up for the user to add this behavior
-//        toggleColor.addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-//            // update line color in case not set by the user
-//            if(newVal instanceof Color)
-//                toggleLineColor.set(((Color)newVal).desaturate().desaturate().brighter());
-//        });
-    }
-
-    /***************************************************************************
-     *                                                                         *
-     * styleable Properties                                                    *
-     *                                                                         *
-     **************************************************************************/
-
-    /**
-     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-toggle-button'.
-     * <p>
-     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
-     * this control.
-     */
-    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-toggle-button";
-
-    /**
-     * default color used when the button is toggled
-     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> toggleColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.TOGGLE_COLOR,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "toggleColor",
-            Color.valueOf(
-                    "#009688"));
-
-    public Paint getToggleColor() {
-        return toggleColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#009688") : toggleColor.get();
-    }
-
-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> toggleColorProperty() {
-        return this.toggleColor;
-    }
-
-    public void setToggleColor(Paint color) {
-        this.toggleColor.set(color);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * default color used when the button is not toggled
-     */
-    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> untoggleColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNTOGGLE_COLOR,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "unToggleColor",
-            Color.valueOf(
-                    "#FAFAFA"));
-
-    public Paint getUnToggleColor() {
-        return untoggleColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#FAFAFA") : untoggleColor.get();
-    }
-
-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unToggleColorProperty() {
-        return this.untoggleColor;
-    }
-
-    public void setUnToggleColor(Paint color) {
-        this.untoggleColor.set(color);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * default line color used when the button is toggled
-     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> toggleLineColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
-            StyleableProperties.TOGGLE_LINE_COLOR,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "toggleLineColor",
-            Color.valueOf("#77C2BB"));
-
-    public Paint getToggleLineColor() {
-        return toggleLineColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#77C2BB") : toggleLineColor.get();
-    }
-
-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> toggleLineColorProperty() {
-        return this.toggleLineColor;
-    }
-
-    public void setToggleLineColor(Paint color) {
-        this.toggleLineColor.set(color);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * default line color used when the button is not toggled
-     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> untoggleLineColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
-            StyleableProperties.UNTOGGLE_LINE_COLOR,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "unToggleLineColor",
-            Color.valueOf("#999999"));
-
-    public Paint getUnToggleLineColor() {
-        return untoggleLineColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#999999") : untoggleLineColor.get();
-    }
-
-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unToggleLineColorProperty() {
-        return this.untoggleLineColor;
-    }
-
-    public void setUnToggleLineColor(Paint color) {
-        this.untoggleLineColor.set(color);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Default size of the toggle button.
-     */
-    private final StyleableDoubleProperty size = new SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty(
-            StyleableProperties.SIZE,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "size",
-            10.0);
-
-    public double getSize() {
-        return size.get();
-    }
-
-    public StyleableDoubleProperty sizeProperty() {
-        return this.size;
-    }
-
-    public void setSize(double size) {
-        this.size.set(size);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Disable the visual indicator for focus
-     */
-    private final StyleableBooleanProperty disableVisualFocus = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.DISABLE_VISUAL_FOCUS,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "disableVisualFocus",
-            false);
-
-    public final StyleableBooleanProperty disableVisualFocusProperty() {
-        return this.disableVisualFocus;
-    }
-
-    public final Boolean isDisableVisualFocus() {
-        return disableVisualFocus != null && this.disableVisualFocusProperty().get();
-    }
-
-    public final void setDisableVisualFocus(final Boolean disabled) {
-        this.disableVisualFocusProperty().set(disabled);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * disable animation on button action
-     */
-    private final StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimation = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.DISABLE_ANIMATION,
-            JFXToggleButton.this,
-            "disableAnimation",
-            !AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled());
-
-    public final StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimationProperty() {
-        return this.disableAnimation;
-    }
-
-    public final Boolean isDisableAnimation() {
-        return disableAnimation != null && this.disableAnimationProperty().get();
-    }
-
-    public final void setDisableAnimation(final Boolean disabled) {
-        this.disableAnimationProperty().set(disabled);
-    }
-
-    private static final class StyleableProperties {
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Paint> TOGGLE_COLOR =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-toggle-color",
-                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#009688")) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.toggleColor == null || !control.toggleColor.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.toggleColorProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Paint> UNTOGGLE_COLOR =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-untoggle-color",
-                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#FAFAFA")) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.untoggleColor == null || !control.untoggleColor.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.unToggleColorProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Paint> TOGGLE_LINE_COLOR =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-toggle-line-color",
-                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#77C2BB")) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.toggleLineColor == null || !control.toggleLineColor.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.toggleLineColorProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Paint> UNTOGGLE_LINE_COLOR =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-untoggle-line-color",
-                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#999999")) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.untoggleLineColor == null || !control.untoggleLineColor.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.unToggleLineColorProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Number> SIZE =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-size",
-                        StyleConverter.getSizeConverter(), 10.0) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return !control.size.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableProperty<Number> getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.sizeProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Boolean> DISABLE_VISUAL_FOCUS =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-disable-visual-focus",
-                        BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.disableVisualFocus == null || !control.disableVisualFocus.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.disableVisualFocusProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final CssMetaData<JFXToggleButton, Boolean> DISABLE_ANIMATION =
-                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-disable-animation",
-                        BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
-                    @Override
-                    public boolean isSettable(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.disableAnimation == null || !control.disableAnimation.isBound();
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXToggleButton control) {
-                        return control.disableAnimationProperty();
-                    }
-                };
-
-        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
-
-        static {
-            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables =
-                    new ArrayList<>(ToggleButton.getClassCssMetaData());
-            Collections.addAll(styleables,
-                    SIZE,
-                    TOGGLE_COLOR,
-                    UNTOGGLE_COLOR,
-                    TOGGLE_LINE_COLOR,
-                    UNTOGGLE_LINE_COLOR,
-                    DISABLE_VISUAL_FOCUS,
-                    DISABLE_ANIMATION
-            );
-            CHILD_STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
-        return getClassCssMetaData();
-    }
-
-    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
-        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
-    }
-
-}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXTreeCell.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import javafx.scene.control.TreeCell;
 import javafx.scene.control.TreeItem;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 
@@ -83,8 +84,7 @@ public class JFXTreeCell<T> extends TreeCell<T> {
                 treeItemRef = new WeakReference<>(newTreeItem);
             }
         };
-        final WeakInvalidationListener weakTreeItemListener = new WeakInvalidationListener(treeItemInvalidationListener);
-        treeItemProperty().addListener(weakTreeItemListener);
+        treeItemProperty().addListener(treeItemInvalidationListener);
         if (getTreeItem() != null) {
             getTreeItem().graphicProperty().addListener(weakTreeItemGraphicListener);
         }
@@ -104,13 +104,20 @@ public class JFXTreeCell<T> extends TreeCell<T> {
         selectedPane.setVisible(isSelected());
     }
 
-    private void updateDisplay(T item, boolean empty) {
+    /// Updates the text and graphic for the current value and tree item.
+    ///
+    /// @implSpec Called when the cell value or the current tree item's graphic changes.
+    /// Subclasses may override this method to decorate the default display.
+    ///
+    /// @param item the cell value, or `null` to clear the display
+    /// @param empty whether the cell has no item
+    protected void updateDisplay(@Nullable T item, boolean empty) {
         if (item == null || empty) {
             hbox = null;
             setText(null);
             setGraphic(null);
         } else {
-            TreeItem<T> treeItem = getTreeItem();
+            @Nullable TreeItem<T> treeItem = getTreeItem();
             if (treeItem != null && treeItem.getGraphic() != null) {
                 if (item instanceof Node) {
                     setText(null);

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXCheckBoxSkin.java

@@ -12,35 +12,25 @@ import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXRippler.RipplerPos;
 import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
 import com.jfoenix.transitions.JFXFillTransition;
 import com.jfoenix.utils.JFXNodeUtils;
-import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
-import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
-import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
-import javafx.animation.Timeline;
-import javafx.animation.Transition;
+import javafx.animation.*;
 import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
 import javafx.geometry.HPos;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.VPos;
 import javafx.scene.control.CheckBox;
 import javafx.scene.control.skin.CheckBoxSkin;
-import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane;
-import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
-import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
-import javafx.scene.layout.Border;
-import javafx.scene.layout.BorderStroke;
-import javafx.scene.layout.BorderStrokeStyle;
-import javafx.scene.layout.BorderWidths;
-import javafx.scene.layout.CornerRadii;
-import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.shape.SVGPath;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
 
 public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
     private final StackPane box = new StackPane();
     private final StackPane mark = new StackPane();
+    private final SVGPath markShape = new SVGPath();
     private final double lineThick = 2.0;
     private final double padding = 10.0;
     private final JFXRippler rippler;
@@ -48,7 +38,11 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
     private final double labelOffset = -8.0;
     private final Transition transition;
     private boolean invalid = true;
-    private JFXFillTransition select;
+    private boolean selected;
+    private boolean indeterminate;
+
+    /// The checkbox fill animation, initialized with the configured checked color.
+    private JFXFillTransition fillTransition;
 
     public JFXCheckBoxSkin(JFXCheckBox control) {
         super(control);
@@ -61,22 +55,17 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
         boxContainer.getChildren().add(this.box);
         boxContainer.setPadding(new Insets(this.padding));
         this.rippler = new JFXRippler(boxContainer, RipplerMask.CIRCLE, RipplerPos.BACK);
-        this.updateRippleColor();
-        SVGPath shape = new SVGPath();
-        shape.setContent("M384 690l452-452 60 60-512 512-238-238 60-60z");
-        this.mark.setShape(shape);
-        this.mark.setMaxSize(15.0, 12.0);
-        this.mark.setStyle("-fx-background-color:-monet-on-primary; -fx-border-color:-monet-on-primary; -fx-border-width:2px;");
+        this.updateRippleColor(control.isSelected(), control.isIndeterminate());
+        this.mark.setShape(this.markShape);
+        this.updateMarkShape(true, false);
         this.mark.setVisible(false);
         this.mark.setScaleX(0.0);
         this.mark.setScaleY(0.0);
         boxContainer.getChildren().add(this.mark);
         this.container.getChildren().add(this.rippler);
         AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(this.rippler, this.labelOffset);
-        control.selectedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            this.updateRippleColor();
-            this.playSelectAnimation(newVal);
-        });
+        this.registerChangeListener(control.selectedProperty(), ignored -> requestSelectionUpdate());
+        this.registerChangeListener(control.indeterminateProperty(), ignored -> requestSelectionUpdate());
 
         ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusVisibleProperty = FXUtils.focusVisibleProperty(control);
         if (focusVisibleProperty == null)
@@ -93,37 +82,63 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
         control.pressedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.rippler.hideOverlay());
         this.updateChildren();
         this.registerChangeListener(control.checkedColorProperty(), ignored -> {
-            if (select != null) {
-                select.stop();
+            if (fillTransition != null) {
+                fillTransition.stop();
             }
-            this.createFillTransition();
-            updateColors();
+            boolean selected = control.isSelected();
+            boolean indeterminate = control.isIndeterminate();
+            JFXFillTransition fillTransition = this.createFillTransition();
+            this.fillTransition = fillTransition;
+            fillTransition.jumpTo(selected || indeterminate ? fillTransition.getCycleDuration() : Duration.ZERO);
+            updateColors(selected, indeterminate);
         });
-        this.registerChangeListener(control.unCheckedColorProperty(), ignored -> updateColors());
+        this.registerChangeListener(control.unCheckedColorProperty(), ignored -> updateColors(control.isSelected(), control.isIndeterminate()));
         this.transition = new CheckBoxTransition();
-        this.createFillTransition();
+        this.fillTransition = this.createFillTransition();
     }
 
-    private void updateRippleColor() {
-        var control = (JFXCheckBox) this.getSkinnable();
-        this.rippler.setRipplerFill(control.isSelected()
+    private void requestSelectionUpdate() {
+        this.invalid = true;
+        this.getSkinnable().requestLayout();
+    }
+
+    private void updateRippleColor(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
+        JFXCheckBox control = (JFXCheckBox) this.getSkinnable();
+        this.rippler.setRipplerFill(selected || indeterminate
                 ? control.getCheckedColor()
                 : control.getUnCheckedColor());
     }
 
-    private void updateColors() {
+    private void updateColors(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
         var control = (JFXCheckBox) getSkinnable();
-        boolean isSelected = control.isSelected();
-        JFXNodeUtils.updateBackground(box.getBackground(), box, isSelected ? control.getCheckedColor() : Color.TRANSPARENT);
-        rippler.setRipplerFill(isSelected ? control.getCheckedColor() : control.getUnCheckedColor());
+        boolean marked = selected || indeterminate;
+        JFXNodeUtils.updateBackground(box.getBackground(), box, marked ? control.getCheckedColor() : Color.TRANSPARENT);
+        rippler.setRipplerFill(marked ? control.getCheckedColor() : control.getUnCheckedColor());
+        this.updateBorder(selected, indeterminate);
+    }
+
+    private void updateBorder(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
+        JFXCheckBox control = (JFXCheckBox) this.getSkinnable();
         final BorderStroke borderStroke = box.getBorder().getStrokes().get(0);
         box.setBorder(new Border(new BorderStroke(
-                isSelected ? control.getCheckedColor() : Themes.getColorScheme().getOnSurfaceVariant(),
+                selected || indeterminate ? control.getCheckedColor() : Themes.getColorScheme().getOnSurfaceVariant(),
                 borderStroke.getTopStyle(),
                 borderStroke.getRadii(),
                 borderStroke.getWidths())));
     }
 
+    private void updateMarkShape(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
+        if (indeterminate) {
+            this.markShape.setContent("M1 0 H9 A1 1 0 0 1 10 1 A1 1 0 0 1 9 2 H1 A1 1 0 0 1 0 1 A1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Z");
+            this.mark.setMaxSize(10.0, 2.0);
+            this.mark.setStyle("-fx-background-color:-monet-on-primary;");
+        } else if (selected) {
+            this.markShape.setContent("M384 690l452-452 60 60-512 512-238-238 60-60z");
+            this.mark.setMaxSize(15.0, 12.0);
+            this.mark.setStyle("-fx-background-color:-monet-on-primary; -fx-border-color:-monet-on-primary; -fx-border-width:2px;");
+        }
+    }
+
     protected void updateChildren() {
         super.updateChildren();
         if (this.container != null) {
@@ -151,9 +166,10 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
         double xOffset = computeXOffset(w, labelWidth + boxWidth, checkBox.getAlignment().getHpos()) + x;
         double yOffset = computeYOffset(h, maxHeight, checkBox.getAlignment().getVpos()) + x;
         if (this.invalid) {
-            if (this.getSkinnable().isSelected()) {
-                this.playSelectAnimation(true);
-            }
+            boolean selected = checkBox.isSelected();
+            boolean indeterminate = checkBox.isIndeterminate();
+            this.updateRippleColor(selected, indeterminate);
+            this.playSelectAnimation(selected, indeterminate);
 
             this.invalid = false;
         }
@@ -180,27 +196,85 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
         };
     }
 
-    private void playSelectAnimation(Boolean selection) {
-        if (selection == null) {
-            selection = false;
+    private void playSelectAnimation(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
+        boolean previousSelected = this.selected;
+        boolean previousIndeterminate = this.indeterminate;
+        this.selected = selected;
+        this.indeterminate = indeterminate;
+        boolean previousMarked = previousSelected || previousIndeterminate;
+        boolean marked = selected || indeterminate;
+        boolean sameVisualState = previousIndeterminate == indeterminate
+                && (indeterminate || previousSelected == selected);
+        this.updateBorder(selected, indeterminate);
+
+        if (sameVisualState) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.invalid = false;
+
+        if (!AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled()) {
+            finishSelectionAnimation(selected, indeterminate);
+            return;
         }
 
-        JFXCheckBox control = (JFXCheckBox) this.getSkinnable();
-        this.transition.setRate(selection ? 1.0 : -1.0);
-        this.select.setRate(selection ? 1.0 : -1.0);
+        if (previousMarked && marked) {
+            this.transition.stop();
+            this.transition.setOnFinished(null);
+            this.transition.jumpTo(this.transition.getCycleDuration());
+            this.transition.setRate(-1.0);
+            this.transition.setOnFinished(event -> {
+                this.transition.setOnFinished(null);
+                this.updateMarkShape(selected, indeterminate);
+                this.transition.jumpTo(Duration.ZERO);
+                this.transition.setRate(1.0);
+                this.transition.play();
+            });
+            this.transition.play();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.transition.setOnFinished(null);
+        if (marked) {
+            this.updateMarkShape(selected, indeterminate);
+        }
+        this.transition.setRate(marked ? 1.0 : -1.0);
+        this.fillTransition.setRate(marked ? 1.0 : -1.0);
+        this.fillTransition.play();
         this.transition.play();
-        this.select.play();
-        this.box.setBorder(new Border(new BorderStroke(
-                selection ? control.getCheckedColor() : Themes.getColorScheme().getOnSurfaceVariant(),
-                BorderStrokeStyle.SOLID,
-                new CornerRadii(2.0),
-                new BorderWidths(this.lineThick))));
     }
 
-    private void createFillTransition() {
-        this.select = new JFXFillTransition(Duration.millis(120.0), this.box, Color.TRANSPARENT,
+    /// Stops selection animations and immediately displays the checkbox's current state.
+    ///
+    /// The state indicator, fill, and border are updated even if no animation is running.
+    /// This also suppresses pending selection updates and the initial selection animation.
+    /// The skin must not have been disposed.
+    public void finishSelectionAnimation() {
+        CheckBox checkBox = this.getSkinnable();
+        this.finishSelectionAnimation(checkBox.isSelected(), checkBox.isIndeterminate());
+    }
+
+    private void finishSelectionAnimation(boolean selected, boolean indeterminate) {
+        this.selected = selected;
+        this.indeterminate = indeterminate;
+        boolean marked = selected || indeterminate;
+        transition.stop();
+        transition.setOnFinished(null);
+        transition.jumpTo(marked ? transition.getCycleDuration() : Duration.ZERO);
+        fillTransition.stop();
+        fillTransition.jumpTo(marked ? fillTransition.getCycleDuration() : Duration.ZERO);
+        invalid = false;
+        updateMarkShape(selected, indeterminate);
+        mark.setVisible(marked);
+        mark.setScaleX(marked ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+        mark.setScaleY(marked ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+        updateColors(selected, indeterminate);
+    }
+
+    private JFXFillTransition createFillTransition() {
+        JFXFillTransition fillTransition = new JFXFillTransition(Duration.millis(120.0), this.box, Color.TRANSPARENT,
                 (Color) ((JFXCheckBox) this.getSkinnable()).getCheckedColor());
-        this.select.setInterpolator(Interpolator.EASE_OUT);
+        fillTransition.setInterpolator(Interpolator.EASE_OUT);
+        return fillTransition;
     }
 
     private final class CheckBoxTransition extends CachedTransition {

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import javafx.geometry.Pos;
 import javafx.scene.Node;
 import javafx.scene.control.ComboBoxBase;
 import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
+import javafx.scene.control.skin.VirtualFlow;
 import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
 import javafx.scene.text.Text;
 import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -178,6 +180,11 @@ public class JFXComboBoxListViewSkin<T> extends ComboBoxListViewSkin<T> {
 
                     comboBox.hide();
                 });
+                Platform.runLater(() -> {
+                    if (listView.lookup(".virtual-flow") instanceof VirtualFlow<?> virtualFlow) {
+                        FXUtils.smoothScrolling(virtualFlow);
+                    }
+                });
             }
         }
     }

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXDatePickerContent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXButton;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDatePicker;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXListView;
+import com.jfoenix.svg.SVGGlyph;
+import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
+import javafx.animation.*;
+import javafx.animation.Animation.Status;
+import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.SnapshotParameters;
+import javafx.scene.control.*;
+import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
+import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
+import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseButton;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.text.Font;
+import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.SVG;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.SVGContainer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.WeakListenerHolder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.RipplerContainer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
+
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.Year;
+import java.time.YearMonth;
+import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
+import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.format.DecimalStyle;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.WeekFields;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+public class JFXDatePickerContent extends VBox {
+    private static final String SPINNER_LABEL = "spinner-label";
+    private static final String ROBOTO = "Roboto";
+    protected JFXDatePicker datePicker;
+    private JFXButton backMonthButton;
+    private JFXButton forwardMonthButton;
+    private Label selectedDateLabel;
+    private Label selectedYearLabel;
+    private Label monthYearLabel;
+    protected GridPane contentGrid;
+    private final StackPane calendarPlaceHolder = new StackPane();
+    private final CachedTransition showTransition;
+    private final CachedTransition hideTransition;
+    private ParallelTransition tempImageTransition;
+    private final int daysPerWeek = 7;
+    private final List<DateCell> weekDaysCells = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<DateCell> weekNumberCells = new ArrayList<>();
+    protected List<DateCell> dayCells = new ArrayList<>();
+    private LocalDate[] dayCellDates;
+    private DateCell currentFocusedDayCell = null;
+    private final ListView<String> yearsListView = new JFXListView<>() {
+        {
+            this.getStyleClass().addAll("date-picker-list-view", "no-padding");
+            this.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.SINGLE);
+            this.setCellFactory((listView) -> new ListCell<>() {
+                static final PseudoClass SELECTED = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("selected");
+
+                final Label label = new Label();
+                final StackPane root;
+                final RipplerContainer ripplerContainer;
+
+                final WeakListenerHolder holder = new WeakListenerHolder();
+
+                {
+                    label.getStyleClass().add(SPINNER_LABEL);
+                    label.setMaxWidth(Double.MAX_VALUE);
+                    label.textProperty().bind(itemProperty());
+                    StackPane pane = new StackPane(label);
+                    pane.setPadding(new Insets(7));
+                    ripplerContainer = new RipplerContainer(pane);
+                    root = new StackPane(ripplerContainer);
+                    root.getStyleClass().add("data-picker-list-cell");
+                    this.setGraphic(root);
+
+                    var selectedListenerWeak = holder.weak((InvalidationListener) observable -> {
+                        String newVal = JFXDatePickerContent.this.selectedYearLabel.getText();
+                        if (newVal != null && getItem() != null && getItem().equals(newVal))
+                            updateSelected(true);
+                    });
+                    JFXDatePickerContent.this.selectedYearLabel.textProperty().addListener(selectedListenerWeak);
+                    itemProperty().addListener(selectedListenerWeak);
+
+                    FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(selectedProperty(), selected -> {
+                        if (getListView() != null) {
+                            if (selected) {
+                                getListView().getSelectionModel().select(getIndex());
+                            } else {
+                                getListView().getSelectionModel().clearSelection(getIndex());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        root.pseudoClassStateChanged(SELECTED, selected);
+                        if (selected) {
+                            int offset = Integer.parseInt(getItem()) - Integer.parseInt(JFXDatePickerContent.this.selectedYearLabel.getText());
+                            JFXDatePickerContent.this.forward(offset, ChronoUnit.YEARS, false, false);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+
+                public void updateItem(String item, boolean empty) {
+                    String oldItem = getItem();
+                    boolean oldEmpty = isEmpty();
+
+                    super.updateItem(item, empty);
+                    setText(null);
+
+                    if (Objects.equals(oldItem, item) && oldEmpty == empty) return;
+                    ripplerContainer.resetFeedback();
+
+                    if (!empty && item != null) {
+                        setGraphic(root);
+                    } else {
+                        setGraphic(null);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    final DateTimeFormatter fullFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("EEE, MMM yyyy");
+    final DateTimeFormatter monthFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MMMM");
+    final DateTimeFormatter yearFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("y");
+    final DateTimeFormatter weekNumberFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("w");
+    final DateTimeFormatter weekDayNameFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("ccc");
+    final DateTimeFormatter dayCellFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d");
+    private final ObjectProperty<YearMonth> selectedYearMonth = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "selectedYearMonth");
+
+    final ObjectProperty<LocalDate> valueProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "value");
+
+    JFXDatePickerContent(final DatePicker datePicker) {
+        this.datePicker = (JFXDatePicker) datePicker;
+        this.getStyleClass().add("date-picker-popup");
+        LocalDate date = datePicker.getValue();
+        this.valueProperty.set(date);
+        this.valueProperty.addListener((o, old, n) -> {
+            this.displayedYearMonthProperty().set(n != null ? YearMonth.from(n) : YearMonth.now());
+            this.updateValues();
+        });
+        this.selectedYearMonth.set(date != null ? YearMonth.from(date) : YearMonth.now());
+        this.selectedYearMonth.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> this.updateValues());
+        this.getChildren().add(this.createHeaderPane());
+        this.getChildren().add(new Separator());
+        this.contentGrid = new GridPane() {
+            protected double computePrefWidth(double height) {
+                int nCols = JFXDatePickerContent.this.daysPerWeek + (datePicker.isShowWeekNumbers() ? 1 : 0);
+                double leftSpace = this.snapSpaceX(this.getInsets().getLeft());
+                double rightSpace = this.snapSpaceX(this.getInsets().getRight());
+                double hgaps = this.snapSpaceX(this.getHgap()) * (double) (nCols - 1);
+                double contentWidth = super.computePrefWidth(height) - leftSpace - rightSpace - hgaps;
+                return this.snapSizeX(contentWidth / (double) nCols) * (double) nCols + leftSpace + rightSpace + hgaps;
+            }
+
+            protected void layoutChildren() {
+                if (this.getWidth() > (double) 0.0F && this.getHeight() > (double) 0.0F) {
+                    super.layoutChildren();
+                }
+
+            }
+        };
+        this.contentGrid.setFocusTraversable(true);
+        this.contentGrid.getStyleClass().add("calendar-grid");
+        this.contentGrid.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        this.contentGrid.setPadding(new Insets(0.0F, 12.0F, 12.0F, 12.0F));
+        this.contentGrid.setVgap(4);
+        this.contentGrid.setHgap(4);
+        this.createWeekDaysCells();
+        this.createDayCells();
+
+        this.yearsListView.getItems().addAll(IntStream.rangeClosed(1900, Year.now().getValue() + 100).mapToObj(Integer::toString).toList());
+
+        StackPane main = new StackPane();
+        this.yearsListView.setVisible(false);
+        this.yearsListView.setOpacity(0.0F);
+        this.yearsListView.maxWidthProperty().bind(main.widthProperty());
+        this.yearsListView.maxHeightProperty().bind(main.heightProperty());
+        main.getChildren().setAll(this.contentGrid, this.yearsListView);
+
+        VBox contentHolder = new VBox();
+        contentHolder.getChildren().setAll(this.createCalendarMonthLabelPane(), main);
+        this.calendarPlaceHolder.getStyleClass().add("content");
+        this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().setAll(contentHolder, this.createCalendarArrowsPane());
+        FXUtils.setOverflowHidden(this.calendarPlaceHolder);
+
+        this.getChildren().add(this.calendarPlaceHolder);
+
+        this.getChildren().add(this.createActions());
+
+        this.refresh();
+        this.addEventHandler(KeyEvent.ANY, (event) -> {
+            Node node = this.getScene().getFocusOwner();
+            if (node instanceof DateCell) {
+                this.currentFocusedDayCell = (DateCell) node;
+            }
+
+            switch (event.getCode()) {
+                case HOME -> {
+                    this.init();
+                    this.goToDate(LocalDate.now(), true);
+                    event.consume();
+                }
+                case PAGE_UP -> {
+                    if (!this.backMonthButton.isDisabled()) {
+                        this.forward(-1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS, true, true);
+                    }
+
+                    event.consume();
+                }
+                case PAGE_DOWN -> {
+                    if (!this.forwardMonthButton.isDisabled()) {
+                        this.forward(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS, true, true);
+                    }
+
+                    event.consume();
+                }
+                case ESCAPE -> {
+                    fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent());
+                    event.consume();
+                }
+                default -> event.consume();
+            }
+
+        });
+        this.showTransition = new CachedTransition(this.yearsListView, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(0.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(500.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1000.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+            {
+                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(320.0F));
+                this.setDelay(Duration.seconds(0.0F));
+            }
+
+            protected void starting() {
+                super.starting();
+                JFXDatePickerContent.this.yearsListView.setVisible(true);
+            }
+        };
+        this.hideTransition = new CachedTransition(this.yearsListView, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(0.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(500.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1000.0F), new KeyValue(this.yearsListView.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.contentGrid.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+            {
+                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(320.0F));
+                this.setDelay(Duration.seconds(0.0F));
+            }
+
+            protected void stopping() {
+                super.stopping();
+                JFXDatePickerContent.this.yearsListView.setVisible(false);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    ObjectProperty<YearMonth> displayedYearMonthProperty() {
+        return this.selectedYearMonth;
+    }
+
+    private void createWeekDaysCells() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.daysPerWeek; ++i) {
+            DateCell cell = new DateCell();
+            cell.getStyleClass().add("day-name-cell");
+            cell.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 12.0F));
+            cell.setAlignment(Pos.BASELINE_CENTER);
+            this.weekDaysCells.add(cell);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+            DateCell cell = new DateCell();
+            cell.getStyleClass().add("week-number-cell");
+            cell.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 12.0F));
+            this.weekNumberCells.add(cell);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    protected VBox createHeaderPane() {
+        Label title = new Label(I18n.i18n("button.select_date"));
+        title.getStyleClass().add("title");
+        title.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.NORMAL, 12.0F));
+        HBox titleContainer = new HBox(title);
+        titleContainer.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+        titleContainer.setPadding(new Insets(0, 0, 5, 0));
+        this.selectedYearLabel = new Label();
+        this.selectedYearLabel.getStyleClass().add(SPINNER_LABEL);
+        this.selectedYearLabel.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 14.0F));
+        HBox yearLabelContainer = new HBox();
+        yearLabelContainer.getStyleClass().add("spinner");
+        yearLabelContainer.getChildren().addAll(this.selectedYearLabel);
+        yearLabelContainer.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+        yearLabelContainer.setFillHeight(false);
+        yearLabelContainer.setOnMouseClicked((click) -> {
+            if (!this.yearsListView.isVisible()) {
+                int yearIndex = Integer.parseInt(this.selectedYearLabel.getText()) - 1900 - 2;
+                this.yearsListView.scrollTo(yearIndex >= 0 ? yearIndex : yearIndex + 2);
+                this.hideTransition.stop();
+                this.showTransition.play();
+            }
+
+        });
+        this.selectedDateLabel = new Label();
+        this.selectedDateLabel.getStyleClass().add(SPINNER_LABEL);
+        this.selectedDateLabel.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 32.0F));
+        HBox selectedDateContainer = new HBox();
+        selectedDateContainer.getStyleClass().add("spinner");
+        selectedDateContainer.getChildren().addAll(this.selectedDateLabel);
+        selectedDateContainer.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+        selectedDateContainer.setOnMouseClicked((click) -> {
+            if (this.yearsListView.isVisible()) {
+                this.showTransition.stop();
+                this.hideTransition.play();
+            }
+
+        });
+        VBox headerPanel = new VBox();
+        headerPanel.getStyleClass().add("month-year-pane");
+        headerPanel.setPadding(new Insets(12.0F, 24.0F, 12.0F, 24.0F));
+        headerPanel.getChildren().addAll(titleContainer, yearLabelContainer, selectedDateContainer);
+        return headerPanel;
+    }
+
+    protected BorderPane createCalendarArrowsPane() {
+        SVGGlyph leftChevron = new SVGGlyph(0, "CHEVRON_LEFT", "M 742,-37 90,614 Q 53,651 53,704.5 53,758 90,795 l 652,651 q 37,37 90.5,37 53.5,0 90.5,-37 l 75,-75 q 37,-37 37,-90.5 0,-53.5 -37,-90.5 L 512,704 998,219 q 37,-38 37,-91 0,-53 -37,-90 L 923,-37 Q 886,-74 832.5,-74 779,-74 742,-37 z", Color.GRAY);
+        SVGGlyph rightChevron = new SVGGlyph(0, "CHEVRON_RIGHT", "m 1099,704 q 0,-52 -37,-91 L 410,-38 q -37,-37 -90,-37 -53,0 -90,37 l -76,75 q -37,39 -37,91 0,53 37,90 l 486,486 -486,485 q -37,39 -37,91 0,53 37,90 l 76,75 q 36,38 90,38 54,0 90,-38 l 652,-651 q 37,-37 37,-90 z", Color.GRAY);
+        leftChevron.setSize(6.0F, 11.0F);
+        rightChevron.setSize(6.0F, 11.0F);
+        this.backMonthButton = new JFXButton();
+        this.backMonthButton.setMinSize(40.0F, 40.0F);
+        this.backMonthButton.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, new CornerRadii(40.0F), Insets.EMPTY)));
+        this.backMonthButton.getStyleClass().add("left-button");
+        this.backMonthButton.setGraphic(leftChevron);
+        this.backMonthButton.setRipplerFill(this.datePicker.getDefaultColor());
+        this.backMonthButton.setOnAction((t) -> this.forward(-1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS, false, true));
+        this.forwardMonthButton = new JFXButton();
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setMinSize(40.0F, 40.0F);
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, new CornerRadii(40.0F), Insets.EMPTY)));
+        this.forwardMonthButton.getStyleClass().add("right-button");
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setGraphic(rightChevron);
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setRipplerFill(this.datePicker.getDefaultColor());
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setOnAction((t) -> this.forward(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS, false, true));
+        BorderPane arrowsContainer = new BorderPane();
+        arrowsContainer.setLeft(this.backMonthButton);
+        arrowsContainer.setRight(this.forwardMonthButton);
+        arrowsContainer.setPadding(new Insets(4.0F, 12.0F, 2.0F, 12.0F));
+        arrowsContainer.setPickOnBounds(false);
+        return arrowsContainer;
+    }
+
+    protected BorderPane createCalendarMonthLabelPane() {
+        this.monthYearLabel = new Label();
+        this.monthYearLabel.getStyleClass().add(SPINNER_LABEL);
+        this.monthYearLabel.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 13.0F));
+        SVGContainer svgContainer = new SVGContainer(13);
+        HBox box = new HBox(monthYearLabel, svgContainer);
+        box.setSpacing(3);
+        box.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
+        FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(this.yearsListView.visibleProperty(), b -> svgContainer.setIcon(b ? SVG.ARROW_DROP_UP : SVG.ARROW_DROP_DOWN));
+        FXUtils.onClicked(box, () -> {
+            if (!this.yearsListView.isVisible()) {
+                int yearIndex = Integer.parseInt(this.selectedYearLabel.getText()) - 1900 - 2;
+                this.yearsListView.scrollTo(yearIndex >= 0 ? yearIndex : yearIndex + 2);
+                this.hideTransition.stop();
+                this.showTransition.play();
+            } else {
+                this.showTransition.stop();
+                this.hideTransition.play();
+            }
+        });
+        BorderPane monthContainer = new BorderPane();
+        monthContainer.setMinHeight(50.0F);
+        monthContainer.setCenter(box);
+        monthContainer.setPadding(new Insets(2.0F, 12.0F, 2.0F, 12.0F));
+        return monthContainer;
+    }
+
+    protected HBox createActions() {
+        JFXButton cancelButton = new JFXButton(I18n.i18n("button.cancel"));
+        cancelButton.getStyleClass().add("dialog-cancel");
+        FXUtils.onClicked(cancelButton, () -> fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent()));
+
+        JFXButton acceptButton = new JFXButton(I18n.i18n("button.ok"));
+        acceptButton.getStyleClass().add("dialog-accept");
+        FXUtils.onClicked(acceptButton, () -> {
+            datePicker.setValue(valueProperty.get());
+            fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent());
+        });
+
+        HBox hBox = new HBox(cancelButton, acceptButton);
+        hBox.setPadding(new Insets(0, 5, 3, 0));
+        hBox.setSpacing(5);
+        hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_RIGHT);
+        return hBox;
+    }
+
+    void updateContentGrid() {
+        this.contentGrid.getColumnConstraints().clear();
+        this.contentGrid.getChildren().clear();
+        int colsNumber = this.daysPerWeek + (this.datePicker.isShowWeekNumbers() ? 1 : 0);
+        ColumnConstraints columnConstraints = new ColumnConstraints();
+        columnConstraints.setPercentWidth(100.0F);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < colsNumber; ++i) {
+            this.contentGrid.getColumnConstraints().add(columnConstraints);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.daysPerWeek; ++i) {
+            this.contentGrid.add(this.weekDaysCells.get(i), i + colsNumber - this.daysPerWeek, 1);
+        }
+
+        if (this.datePicker.isShowWeekNumbers()) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+                this.contentGrid.add(this.weekNumberCells.get(i), 0, i + 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < 6; ++row) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < this.daysPerWeek; ++col) {
+                this.contentGrid.add(this.dayCells.get(row * this.daysPerWeek + col), col + colsNumber - this.daysPerWeek, row + 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void refresh() {
+        this.updateDayNameCells();
+        this.updateValues();
+    }
+
+    private void updateDayNameCells() {
+        int weekFirstDay = WeekFields.of(this.getLocale()).getFirstDayOfWeek().getValue();
+        LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2009, 7, 12 + weekFirstDay);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.daysPerWeek; ++i) {
+            String name = this.weekDayNameFormatter.withLocale(this.getLocale()).format(date.plusDays(i));
+            if (!LocaleUtils.isChinese(this.weekNumberFormatter.getLocale())) {
+                name = name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            }
+
+            this.weekDaysCells.get(i).setText(name);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    void updateValues() {
+        this.updateWeekNumberDateCells();
+        this.updateDayCells();
+        this.updateMonthYearPane();
+    }
+
+    void updateWeekNumberDateCells() {
+        if (this.datePicker.isShowWeekNumbers()) {
+            Locale locale = this.getLocale();
+            LocalDate firstDayOfMonth = this.selectedYearMonth.get().atDay(1);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+                LocalDate date = firstDayOfMonth.plusWeeks(i);
+                String weekNumber = this.weekNumberFormatter.withLocale(locale).withDecimalStyle(DecimalStyle.of(locale)).format(date);
+                this.weekNumberCells.get(i).setText(weekNumber);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void updateDayCells() {
+        Locale locale = this.getLocale();
+        Chronology chrono = this.getPrimaryChronology();
+        int firstDayOfWeek = WeekFields.of(this.getLocale()).getFirstDayOfWeek().getValue();
+        int firstOfMonthIndex = this.selectedYearMonth.get().atDay(1).getDayOfWeek().getValue() - firstDayOfWeek;
+        firstOfMonthIndex += firstOfMonthIndex < 0 ? this.daysPerWeek : 0;
+        YearMonth currentYearMonth = this.selectedYearMonth.get();
+        int daysInCurMonth = -1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 6 * this.daysPerWeek; ++i) {
+            DateCell dayCell = this.dayCells.get(i);
+            try {
+                if (daysInCurMonth == -1) {
+                    daysInCurMonth = currentYearMonth.lengthOfMonth();
+                }
+
+                int dayIndex = i - firstOfMonthIndex + 1;
+                LocalDate date;
+                if (dayIndex <= 0) {
+                    YearMonth previous = currentYearMonth.minusMonths(1);
+                    date = previous.atDay(previous.lengthOfMonth() + dayIndex);
+                } else if (dayIndex > daysInCurMonth) {
+                    YearMonth next = currentYearMonth.plusMonths(1);
+                    date = next.atDay(dayIndex - daysInCurMonth);
+                } else {
+                    date = currentYearMonth.atDay(dayIndex);
+                }
+                this.dayCellDates[i] = date;
+                if (date.equals(LocalDate.now())) {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().add("today");
+                } else {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("today");
+                }
+
+                if (date.equals(valueProperty.get())) {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().add("selected");
+                    this.currentFocusedDayCell = dayCell;
+                } else {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("selected");
+                }
+
+                ChronoLocalDate cDate = chrono.date(date);
+                String cellText = this.dayCellFormatter.withLocale(locale).withChronology(chrono).withDecimalStyle(DecimalStyle.of(locale)).format(cDate);
+                dayCell.setText(cellText);
+                if (i < firstOfMonthIndex) {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().add("previous-month");
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("next-month");
+                    dayCell.setDisable(true);
+                } else if (i >= firstOfMonthIndex + daysInCurMonth) {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().add("next-month");
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("previous-month");
+                    dayCell.setDisable(true);
+                } else {
+                    dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("previous-month", "next-month");
+                    dayCell.setDisable(false);
+                }
+
+                dayCell.updateItem(date, false);
+            } catch (DateTimeException var13) {
+                dayCell.setText("");
+                dayCell.setDisable(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    protected void updateMonthYearPane() {
+        YearMonth yearMonth = this.selectedYearMonth.get();
+        this.selectedDateLabel.setText(fullFormatter.withLocale(this.getLocale()).format(Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(valueProperty.get(), LocalDate::now)));
+
+        this.selectedYearLabel.setText(this.formatYear(yearMonth));
+        this.monthYearLabel.setText(this.formatMonth(yearMonth) + " " + this.formatYear(yearMonth));
+        Chronology chrono = this.datePicker.getChronology();
+        LocalDate firstDayOfMonth = yearMonth.atDay(1);
+        this.backMonthButton.setDisable(!this.isValidDate(chrono, firstDayOfMonth, -1, ChronoUnit.DAYS));
+        this.forwardMonthButton.setDisable(!this.isValidDate(chrono, firstDayOfMonth, 1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS));
+    }
+
+    private String formatMonth(YearMonth yearMonth) {
+        try {
+            Chronology chrono = this.getPrimaryChronology();
+            ChronoLocalDate cDate = chrono.date(yearMonth.atDay(1));
+            return this.monthFormatter.withLocale(this.getLocale()).withChronology(chrono).format(cDate);
+        } catch (DateTimeException var4) {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String formatYear(YearMonth yearMonth) {
+        try {
+            Chronology chrono = this.getPrimaryChronology();
+            ChronoLocalDate cDate = chrono.date(yearMonth.atDay(1));
+            return this.yearFormatter.withLocale(this.getLocale()).withChronology(chrono).withDecimalStyle(DecimalStyle.of(this.getLocale())).format(cDate);
+        } catch (DateTimeException var4) {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected LocalDate dayCellDate(DateCell dateCell) {
+        assert this.dayCellDates != null;
+
+        return this.dayCellDates[this.dayCells.indexOf(dateCell)];
+    }
+
+    protected void forward(int offset, ChronoUnit unit, boolean focusDayCell, boolean withAnimation) {
+        if (withAnimation && (this.tempImageTransition == null || this.tempImageTransition.getStatus() == Status.STOPPED)) {
+            Pane monthContent = (Pane) this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().get(0);
+            this.getParent().setManaged(false);
+            SnapshotParameters snapShotparams = new SnapshotParameters();
+            snapShotparams.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
+            WritableImage temp = monthContent.snapshot(snapShotparams, new WritableImage((int) monthContent.getWidth(), (int) monthContent.getHeight()));
+            ImageView tempImage = new ImageView(temp);
+            this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().add(this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().size() - 2, tempImage);
+            TranslateTransition imageTransition = new TranslateTransition(Duration.millis(160.0F), tempImage);
+            imageTransition.setToX((double) (-offset) * this.calendarPlaceHolder.getWidth());
+            imageTransition.setOnFinished((finish) -> this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().remove(tempImage));
+            monthContent.setTranslateX((double) offset * this.calendarPlaceHolder.getWidth());
+            TranslateTransition contentTransition = new TranslateTransition(Duration.millis(160.0F), monthContent);
+            contentTransition.setToX(0.0F);
+            this.tempImageTransition = new ParallelTransition(imageTransition, contentTransition);
+            this.tempImageTransition.setOnFinished((finish) -> {
+                this.calendarPlaceHolder.getChildren().remove(tempImage);
+                this.getParent().setManaged(true);
+            });
+            this.tempImageTransition.play();
+        }
+
+        YearMonth yearMonth = this.selectedYearMonth.get();
+        DateCell dateCell = this.currentFocusedDayCell;
+        if (dateCell == null || this.dayCellDate(dateCell).getMonth() != yearMonth.getMonth()) {
+            dateCell = this.findDayCellOfDate(yearMonth.atDay(1));
+        }
+
+        this.goToDayCell(dateCell, offset, unit, focusDayCell);
+    }
+
+    private void goToDayCell(DateCell dateCell, int offset, ChronoUnit unit, boolean focusDayCell) {
+        this.goToDate(this.dayCellDate(dateCell).plus(offset, unit), focusDayCell);
+    }
+
+    private void goToDate(LocalDate date, boolean focusDayCell) {
+        if (this.isValidDate(this.datePicker.getChronology(), date)) {
+            this.valueProperty.set(date);
+            this.selectedYearMonth.set(YearMonth.from(date));
+            if (focusDayCell) {
+                this.findDayCellOfDate(date).requestFocus();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void selectDayCell(DateCell dateCell) {
+        this.valueProperty.set(this.dayCellDate(dateCell));
+    }
+
+    private DateCell findDayCellOfDate(LocalDate date) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.dayCellDates.length; ++i) {
+            if (date.equals(this.dayCellDates[i])) {
+                return this.dayCells.get(i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this.dayCells.get(this.dayCells.size() / 2 + 1);
+    }
+
+    void init() {
+        this.contentGrid.setOpacity(1.0F);
+        this.yearsListView.setOpacity(0.0F);
+        this.yearsListView.setVisible(false);
+    }
+
+    void clearFocus() {
+        LocalDate focusDate = this.valueProperty.get();
+        if (focusDate == null) {
+            focusDate = LocalDate.now();
+        }
+
+        if (YearMonth.from(focusDate).equals(this.selectedYearMonth.get())) {
+            this.goToDate(focusDate, true);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    protected void createDayCells() {
+        for (int row = 0; row < 6; ++row) {
+            for (int col = 0; col < this.daysPerWeek; ++col) {
+                DateCell dayCell = this.createDayCell();
+                dayCell.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, (click) -> {
+                    if (click.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY) {
+                        DateCell selectedDayCell = (DateCell) click.getSource();
+                        this.selectDayCell(selectedDayCell);
+                    }
+                });
+                dayCell.setOnMouseEntered((event) -> dayCell.getStyleClass().add("hovered"));
+                dayCell.setOnMouseExited((event) -> dayCell.getStyleClass().removeAll("hovered"));
+                dayCell.setAlignment(Pos.BASELINE_CENTER);
+                dayCell.setBorder(new Border(new BorderStroke(Color.TRANSPARENT, BorderStrokeStyle.SOLID, CornerRadii.EMPTY, new BorderWidths(5.0F))));
+                dayCell.setFont(Font.font(ROBOTO, FontWeight.BOLD, 12.0F));
+                this.dayCells.add(dayCell);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.dayCellDates = new LocalDate[6 * this.daysPerWeek];
+        this.updateContentGrid();
+    }
+
+    private DateCell createDayCell() {
+        DateCell dayCell = null;
+        if (this.datePicker.getDayCellFactory() != null) {
+            dayCell = this.datePicker.getDayCellFactory().call(this.datePicker);
+        }
+
+        if (dayCell == null) {
+            dayCell = new DateCell();
+        }
+        dayCell.getStyleClass().add("day-cell");
+        dayCell.setPrefSize(36.0F, 36.0F);
+        dayCell.setDisable(false);
+        dayCell.setStyle(null);
+        dayCell.setGraphic(null);
+        dayCell.setTooltip(null);
+
+        return dayCell;
+    }
+
+    protected Chronology getPrimaryChronology() {
+        return this.datePicker.getChronology();
+    }
+
+    protected Locale getLocale() {
+        return SettingsManager.settings().languageProperty().get().getLocale();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isValidDate(Chronology chrono, LocalDate date, int offset, ChronoUnit unit) {
+        return date != null && this.isValidDate(chrono, date.plus(offset, unit));
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isValidDate(Chronology chrono, LocalDate date) {
+        try {
+            if (date != null) {
+                chrono.date(date);
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        } catch (DateTimeException var4) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXDatePickerSkin.java

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.adapters.ReflectionHelper;
+import com.jfoenix.adapters.skins.DatePickerSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDatePicker;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDialog;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDialog.DialogTransition;
+import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
+import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.SVG;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.RipplerContainer;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.YearMonth;
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+public class JFXDatePickerSkin extends DatePickerSkin {
+    public static final String PROPERTY_DATE_PICKER_CONTENTS = JFXDatePicker.class.getName() + ".dialog.contents";
+
+    private final JFXDatePicker jfxDatePicker;
+    private TextField displayNode;
+    private JFXDatePickerContent content;
+    private JFXDialog dialog;
+
+    public JFXDatePickerSkin(JFXDatePicker datePicker) {
+        super(datePicker);
+        this.jfxDatePicker = datePicker;
+
+        try {
+            Object expressionHelper = ReflectionHelper.getFieldContent(datePicker.focusedProperty().getClass().getSuperclass(), datePicker.focusedProperty(), "helper");
+            ChangeListener<Boolean>[] changeListeners = ReflectionHelper.getFieldContent(expressionHelper, "changeListeners");
+
+            int i = changeListeners.length - 1;
+            if (i >= 0) {
+                while (i >= 0 && changeListeners[i] == null) {
+                    --i;
+                }
+                if (i >= 0) datePicker.focusedProperty().removeListener(changeListeners[i]);
+            }
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Cannot remove focusedProperty listener", e);
+        }
+
+        datePicker.focusedProperty().addListener((obj, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (this.getEditor() != null && !newVal) {
+                this.setTextFromTextFieldIntoComboBoxValue2();
+            }
+
+        });
+        var arrowBox = new HBox(new RipplerContainer(SVG.EDIT_CALENDAR.createIcon(30)));
+        arrowBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
+        this.setArrow(arrowBox);
+        this.getArrowButton().getChildren().setAll(arrowBox);
+        this.getArrowButton().setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        this.getArrowButton().setPadding(new Insets(1.0F, 8.0F, 1.0F, 8.0F));
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.converterProperty(), "CONVERTER", this::updateDisplayNode2);
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.dayCellFactoryProperty(), "DAY_CELL_FACTORY", () -> {
+            this.updateDisplayNode2();
+            this.content = null;
+            this.setPopup2(null);
+        });
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.editorProperty(), "EDITOR", this::getEditableInputNode2);
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.showingProperty(), "SHOWING", () -> {
+            if (this.jfxDatePicker.isShowing()) {
+                if (this.content != null) {
+                    LocalDate date = this.jfxDatePicker.getValue();
+                    this.content.displayedYearMonthProperty().set(date != null ? YearMonth.from(date) : YearMonth.now());
+                    this.content.updateValues();
+                }
+
+                this.show();
+            } else {
+                this.hide();
+            }
+
+        });
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.showWeekNumbersProperty(), "SHOW_WEEK_NUMBERS", () -> {
+            if (this.content != null) {
+                this.content.updateContentGrid();
+                this.content.updateWeekNumberDateCells();
+            }
+
+        });
+        this.registerChangeListener2(datePicker.valueProperty(), "VALUE", () -> {
+            this.updateDisplayNode2();
+            this.jfxDatePicker.fireEvent(new ActionEvent());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JFXDatePickerContent getPopupContent() {
+        if (this.content == null) {
+            this.content = new JFXDatePickerContent(this.jfxDatePicker);
+        }
+
+        return this.content;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void show() {
+        if (!((JFXDatePicker) this.getSkinnable()).isOverLay()) {
+            super.show();
+        }
+
+        if (this.content != null) {
+            this.content.init();
+            this.content.clearFocus();
+        }
+
+        if (((JFXDatePicker) this.getSkinnable()).isOverLay() && this.dialog == null) {
+            StackPane dialogParent = this.jfxDatePicker.getDialogParent();
+            if (dialogParent == null) {
+                dialogParent = (StackPane) this.getSkinnable().getScene().getRoot();
+            }
+
+            this.dialog = new JFXDialog(dialogParent, this.getPopupContent(), DialogTransition.CENTER, true) {
+                @Override
+                public void close() {
+                    super.close();
+                    Object o = getDialogContainer().getProperties().get(PROPERTY_DATE_PICKER_CONTENTS);
+                    if (o instanceof Stack<?> stack) {
+                        stack.pop();
+                    }
+                    jfxDatePicker.hide();
+                }
+            };
+            this.getPopupContent().addEventHandler(DialogCloseEvent.CLOSE, e -> this.dialog.close());
+            getArrowButton().setOnMouseClicked((click) -> {
+                if (((JFXDatePicker) this.getSkinnable()).isOverLay()) {
+                    StackPane parent = this.jfxDatePicker.getDialogParent();
+                    if (parent == null) {
+                        parent = (StackPane) this.getSkinnable().getScene().getRoot();
+                    }
+                    Stack<JFXDatePickerContent> contentStack = (Stack<JFXDatePickerContent>) parent.getProperties().computeIfAbsent(PROPERTY_DATE_PICKER_CONTENTS, k -> new Stack<>());
+                    contentStack.push(this.getPopupContent());
+
+                    this.getPopupContent().valueProperty.set(this.getSkinnable().getValue());
+                    this.dialog.show(parent);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    JFXDialog getDialog() {
+        return this.dialog;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Node getDisplayNode() {
+        if (this.displayNode == null) {
+            this.displayNode = this.getEditableInputNode2();
+            this.displayNode.getStyleClass().add("date-picker-display-node");
+            this.updateDisplayNode2();
+        }
+
+        this.displayNode.setEditable(this.jfxDatePicker.isEditable());
+        return this.displayNode;
+    }
+
+    public void syncWithAutoUpdate() {
+        if (!this.getPopup2().isShowing() && this.jfxDatePicker.isShowing()) {
+            this.jfxDatePicker.hide();
+        }
+
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXSpinnerSkin.java

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class JFXSpinnerSkin extends SkinBase<JFXSpinner> {
 
         arc = new Arc();
         arc.setManaged(false);
-        arc.setLength(180);
+        arc.setLength(-180);
         arc.getStyleClass().setAll("arc");
         arc.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
         arc.setStrokeWidth(DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH);
@@ -192,24 +192,24 @@ public class JFXSpinnerSkin extends SkinBase<JFXSpinner> {
 
     private void addKeyFrames(List<KeyFrame> frames, double angle, double duration) {
         frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration),
-                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), -5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
                 new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
-                        angle + 45 + startingAngle,
+                        -(angle + 45 + startingAngle),
                         Interpolator.LINEAR)));
         frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 0.4),
-                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), -250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
                 new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
-                        angle + 90 + startingAngle,
+                        -(angle + 90 + startingAngle),
                         Interpolator.LINEAR)));
         frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 0.7),
-                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), -250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
                 new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
-                        angle + 135 + startingAngle,
+                        -(angle + 135 + startingAngle),
                         Interpolator.LINEAR)));
         frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 1.1),
-                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), -5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
                 new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
-                        angle + 435 + startingAngle,
+                        -(angle + 435 + startingAngle),
                         Interpolator.LINEAR)));
     }
 
@@ -222,21 +222,21 @@ public class JFXSpinnerSkin extends SkinBase<JFXSpinner> {
             addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 900, 2.8);
             addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 1350, 4.2);
             keyFrames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(5.6),
-                    new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                    new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), -5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
                     new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
-                            1845 + startingAngle,
+                            -(1845 + startingAngle),
                             Interpolator.LINEAR)));
 
             timeline = new Timeline();
             timeline.getKeyFrames().setAll(keyFrames);
         } else {
-            final double arcLength = 250;
+            final double arcLength = -250;
             timeline = new Timeline(
                     new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
-                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), 45 + startingAngle, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), -(45 + startingAngle), Interpolator.LINEAR),
                             new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), arcLength, Interpolator.DISCRETE)),
                     new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(1.2),
-                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), 45 + 360 + startingAngle, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), -(45 + 360 + startingAngle), Interpolator.LINEAR),
                             new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), arcLength, Interpolator.DISCRETE))
             );
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXSwitchSkin.java

@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXSwitch;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.animation.Transition;
+import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
+import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
+import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
+import javafx.css.StyleOrigin;
+import javafx.css.StyleableProperty;
+import javafx.event.EventHandler;
+import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
+import javafx.scene.control.SkinBase;
+import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
+import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseButton;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
+import javafx.scene.shape.SVGPath;
+import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.Motion;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/// Renders a Material Design 3 switch and handles input.
+/// Geometry uses unscaled MD3 units and is mirrored in RTL layouts.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class JFXSwitchSkin extends SkinBase<JFXSwitch> {
+    /// Track width in unscaled MD3 artwork coordinates.
+    private static final double TRACK_WIDTH = 52;
+
+    /// Track height corresponding to the control's default `-jfx-size`.
+    private static final double TRACK_HEIGHT = 32;
+
+    /// Unscaled interaction target height.
+    private static final double TARGET_HEIGHT = 48;
+
+    /// Vertical center shared by the track, handle, state layer, and icon.
+    private static final double CENTER_Y = TARGET_HEIGHT / 2;
+
+    /// Handle center at the leading end of the track.
+    private static final double OFF_CENTER = TRACK_HEIGHT / 2;
+
+    /// Handle center at the trailing end of the track.
+    private static final double ON_CENTER = TRACK_WIDTH - OFF_CENTER;
+
+    /// Diameter of the unselected handle without an icon.
+    private static final double OFF_DIAMETER = 16;
+
+    /// Diameter of a selected handle or a handle containing an icon.
+    private static final double ON_DIAMETER = 24;
+
+    /// Handle diameter while pressed or dragged.
+    private static final double PRESSED_DIAMETER = 28;
+
+    /// Radius of the hover, focus, and pressed overlay.
+    private static final double STATE_LAYER_RADIUS = 20;
+
+    /// Minimum pointer movement in control pixels before a press becomes a drag.
+    private static final double DRAG_THRESHOLD = 3;
+
+    /// Indicates visible keyboard focus.
+    private static final PseudoClass VISUAL_FOCUSED = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("visual-focused");
+
+    /// The rendered switch.
+    private final JFXSwitch control;
+
+    /// Unmanaged switch artwork.
+    private final Pane artwork = new Pane();
+
+    /// Scales artwork from its leading top corner.
+    private final Scale artworkScale = new Scale();
+
+    /// Rounded track with its optional outline.
+    private final Rectangle track = new Rectangle(0, (TARGET_HEIGHT - TRACK_HEIGHT) / 2, TRACK_WIDTH, TRACK_HEIGHT);
+
+    /// Interaction feedback behind the handle.
+    private final Circle stateLayer = new Circle(OFF_CENTER, CENTER_Y, STATE_LAYER_RADIUS);
+
+    /// Switch handle.
+    private final Circle handle = new Circle(OFF_CENTER, CENTER_Y, OFF_DIAMETER / 2);
+
+    /// Optional handle icon.
+    private @Nullable SVGPath icon;
+
+    /// Current logical handle center measured from the track's leading edge.
+    private final DoubleProperty center = new SimpleDoubleProperty(OFF_CENTER) {
+        /// Updates handle position.
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            layoutHandle();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Unscaled handle diameter.
+    private final DoubleProperty diameter = new SimpleDoubleProperty(OFF_DIAMETER) {
+        /// Updates handle size.
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            layoutHandle();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Optional movement and resize animation.
+    private @Nullable Timeline geometryTransition;
+
+    /// Animated CSS paints.
+    private final List<CssColor> colors = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /// Optional shared color animation.
+    private @Nullable Transition colorTransition;
+
+    /// Whether a selection color update is pending.
+    private boolean animateColors;
+
+    /// Prevents animation writes from being interpreted as new CSS targets.
+    private boolean applyingColors;
+
+    /// Pointer event handler.
+    private final EventHandler<MouseEvent> mouseHandler = this::handleMouse;
+
+    /// Keyboard event handler.
+    private final EventHandler<KeyEvent> keyHandler = this::handleKey;
+
+    /// Whether a primary press is awaiting click or drag completion.
+    private boolean mouseDown;
+
+    /// Whether the handle is following the pointer instead of an animation.
+    private boolean dragging;
+
+    /// Whether a Space press is awaiting release.
+    private boolean keyDown;
+
+    /// Pointer position in unscaled artwork coordinates at press time.
+    private double pressX;
+
+    /// Handle center at press time, preserving the pointer's grab offset.
+    private double pressCenter;
+
+    /// Creates a skin for the switch.
+    public JFXSwitchSkin(JFXSwitch control) {
+        super(control);
+        this.control = control;
+        artwork.getStyleClass().setAll("switch-artwork");
+        track.getStyleClass().setAll("switch-track");
+        stateLayer.getStyleClass().setAll("switch-state-layer");
+        handle.getStyleClass().setAll("switch-handle");
+        track.setArcWidth(TRACK_HEIGHT);
+        track.setArcHeight(TRACK_HEIGHT);
+        artwork.setManaged(false);
+        artwork.setMouseTransparent(true);
+        artwork.getTransforms().add(artworkScale);
+        artwork.getChildren().setAll(track, stateLayer, handle);
+        for (var node : artwork.getChildren())
+            node.setManaged(false);
+        getChildren().add(artwork);
+        registerChangeListener(control.selectedProperty(), value -> updateSelection());
+        registerChangeListener(control.armedProperty(), value -> update(false));
+        @Nullable ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusVisible = FXUtils.focusVisibleProperty(control);
+        ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusIndicator = focusVisible != null ? focusVisible : control.focusedProperty();
+        registerChangeListener(focusIndicator, value ->
+                control.pseudoClassStateChanged(VISUAL_FOCUSED, focusIndicator.get() && !control.isPressed()));
+        // Match the previous toggle skin: pointer press and release both dismiss focus feedback.
+        registerChangeListener(control.pressedProperty(), value ->
+                control.pseudoClassStateChanged(VISUAL_FOCUSED, false));
+        Consumer<ObservableValue<?>> cancelGesture = value -> cancelGesture();
+        registerChangeListener(control.disabledProperty(), cancelGesture);
+        registerChangeListener(control.sceneProperty(), cancelGesture);
+        registerChangeListener(control.focusedProperty(), value -> {
+            if (!control.isFocused())
+                cancelGesture();
+        });
+        control.addEventFilter(MouseEvent.ANY, mouseHandler);
+        control.addEventFilter(KeyEvent.ANY, keyHandler);
+        control.pseudoClassStateChanged(VISUAL_FOCUSED, focusIndicator.get() && !control.isPressed());
+        update(true);
+    }
+
+    /// Updates icon and animation options, optionally settling active animations.
+    public void updateOptions(boolean finishAnimation) {
+        if (finishAnimation)
+            finishColors();
+        update(finishAnimation);
+    }
+
+    /// Stops animations and removes artwork, event handlers, and listeners.
+    @Override
+    public void dispose() {
+        control.removeEventFilter(MouseEvent.ANY, mouseHandler);
+        control.removeEventFilter(KeyEvent.ANY, keyHandler);
+        cancelGesture();
+        for (CssColor color : colors)
+            color.dispose();
+        control.pseudoClassStateChanged(VISUAL_FOCUSED, false);
+        getChildren().remove(artwork);
+        super.dispose();
+    }
+
+    /// Centers the scaled artwork within the control and starts pending color transitions.
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
+        double scale = sizeScale();
+        artworkScale.setX(scale);
+        artworkScale.setY(scale);
+        // Keep animation and CSS geometry in MD3 units; scale the entire artwork consistently.
+        artwork.resizeRelocate(x + (w - TRACK_WIDTH * scale) / 2,
+                y + (h - TARGET_HEIGHT * scale) / 2, TRACK_WIDTH, TARGET_HEIGHT);
+        layoutHandle();
+        // JavaFX applies CSS before layout, so all changed paints now share the same start time.
+        if (animateColors) {
+            animateColors = false;
+            for (CssColor color : colors) {
+                if (color.target != null) {
+                    colorTransition().playFromStart();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reserves the scaled track width and control insets.
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMinWidth(double h, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return left + TRACK_WIDTH * sizeScale() + right;
+    }
+
+    /// Reserves the scaled interaction target height and control insets.
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMinHeight(double w, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return top + TARGET_HEIGHT * sizeScale() + bottom;
+    }
+
+    /// Uses the same fixed width as the minimum size.
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefWidth(double h, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return computeMinWidth(h, top, right, bottom, left);
+    }
+
+    /// Uses the same fixed height as the minimum size.
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefHeight(double w, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return computeMinHeight(w, top, right, bottom, left);
+    }
+
+    /// Limits width to the preferred size.
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxWidth(double h, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return computePrefWidth(h, top, right, bottom, left);
+    }
+
+    /// Limits height to the preferred size.
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxHeight(double w, double top, double right, double bottom, double left) {
+        return computePrefHeight(w, top, right, bottom, left);
+    }
+
+    /// Handles clicking and dragging.
+    private void handleMouse(MouseEvent event) {
+        if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED && event.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY) {
+            // Activation happens on release; do not also activate the surrounding settings row.
+            event.consume();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) {
+            if (event.getButton() != MouseButton.PRIMARY || keyDown
+                    || event.isShiftDown() || event.isControlDown() || event.isAltDown() || event.isMetaDown()
+                    || event.isMiddleButtonDown() || event.isSecondaryButtonDown())
+                return;
+            if (control.isDisabled() || control.selectedProperty().isBound())
+                return;
+            if (control.isFocusTraversable())
+                control.requestFocus();
+            @Nullable Point2D point = artwork.sceneToLocal(event.getSceneX(), event.getSceneY());
+            if (point != null) {
+                mouseDown = true;
+                pressX = point.getX();
+                pressCenter = center.get();
+                control.arm();
+            }
+            event.consume();
+        } else if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED && mouseDown && event.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
+            @Nullable Point2D point = artwork.sceneToLocal(event.getSceneX(), event.getSceneY());
+            if (point == null)
+                return;
+            if (!dragging && Math.abs(point.getX() - pressX) * sizeScale() < DRAG_THRESHOLD)
+                return;
+            dragging = true;
+            if (geometryTransition != null)
+                geometryTransition.stop();
+            control.arm();
+            diameter.set(PRESSED_DIAMETER);
+            center.set(dragCenter(point.getX()));
+            event.consume();
+        } else if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED && event.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY) {
+            if (!mouseDown) {
+                event.consume();
+                return;
+            }
+            @Nullable Point2D point = dragging
+                    ? artwork.sceneToLocal(event.getSceneX(), event.getSceneY())
+                    : control.sceneToLocal(event.getSceneX(), event.getSceneY());
+            if (dragging && point != null)
+                center.set(dragCenter(point.getX()));
+            boolean activate = point != null && (dragging
+                    ? (center.get() >= (OFF_CENTER + ON_CENTER) / 2) != control.isSelected()
+                    : control.isArmed() && control.contains(point));
+            mouseDown = false;
+            dragging = false;
+            control.disarm();
+            event.consume();
+            if (activate)
+                control.fire();
+            // Action handlers may replace or remove the skin synchronously.
+            if (control.getSkin() == this)
+                update(false);
+        } else if (mouseDown && !dragging) {
+            if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_ENTERED)
+                control.arm();
+            else if (event.getEventType() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_EXITED)
+                control.disarm();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clamps pointer displacement to the track while preserving the initial grab offset.
+    private double dragCenter(double pointerX) {
+        return Math.max(OFF_CENTER, Math.min(ON_CENTER, pressCenter + pointerX - pressX));
+    }
+
+    /// Handles Space activation and Escape cancellation.
+    private void handleKey(KeyEvent event) {
+        if (event.getCode() == KeyCode.ESCAPE && event.getEventType() == KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED) {
+            if (mouseDown || keyDown) {
+                boolean awaitingRelease = keyDown;
+                cancelGesture();
+                // Ignore auto-repeat until the canceled Space press is released.
+                keyDown = awaitingRelease;
+                event.consume();
+            }
+        } else if (event.getCode() == KeyCode.SPACE) {
+            if (event.getEventType() == KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED) {
+                if (event.isShiftDown() || event.isControlDown() || event.isAltDown() || event.isMetaDown())
+                    return;
+                if (!keyDown) {
+                    if (mouseDown || control.isDisabled() || control.selectedProperty().isBound())
+                        return;
+                    keyDown = true;
+                    control.arm();
+                }
+                event.consume();
+            } else if (event.getEventType() == KeyEvent.KEY_RELEASED && keyDown) {
+                keyDown = false;
+                boolean activate = control.isArmed();
+                control.disarm();
+                event.consume();
+                if (activate)
+                    control.fire();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Cancels input without changing selection.
+    private void cancelGesture() {
+        finishColors();
+        mouseDown = false;
+        keyDown = false;
+        dragging = false;
+        control.disarm();
+        update(true);
+    }
+
+    /// Updates geometry and schedules selection colors for the next CSS pass.
+    private void updateSelection() {
+        update(false);
+        if (control.isDisableAnimation() || control.isDisabled() || control.getScene() == null)
+            return;
+        if (colors.isEmpty()) {
+            colors.add(new CssColor(track.fillProperty()));
+            colors.add(new CssColor(handle.fillProperty()));
+            colors.add(new CssColor(stateLayer.fillProperty()));
+            colors.add(new CssColor(track.strokeProperty()));
+            if (icon != null)
+                colors.add(new CssColor(icon.fillProperty()));
+        }
+        if (colorTransition != null)
+            colorTransition.stop();
+        // A reversal before the first frame may reapply the visible paint without emitting a change event.
+        for (CssColor color : colors)
+            color.target = null;
+        animateColors = true;
+        control.requestLayout();
+    }
+
+    /// Updates handle geometry, with optional animation.
+    private void update(boolean immediate) {
+        if (dragging)
+            return;
+        double currentCenter = center.get();
+        double currentDiameter = diameter.get();
+        if (geometryTransition != null)
+            geometryTransition.stop();
+        boolean selected = control.isSelected();
+        boolean pressed = control.isArmed() && !control.isDisabled();
+        boolean hasIcon = selected ? control.isShowSelectedIcon() : control.isShowUnselectedIcon();
+        double targetDiameter = pressed ? PRESSED_DIAMETER : selected || hasIcon ? ON_DIAMETER : OFF_DIAMETER;
+        double targetCenter = selected ? ON_CENTER : OFF_CENTER;
+        updateIcon(selected, hasIcon);
+        if (immediate || control.isDisableAnimation() || control.getScene() == null
+                || currentCenter == targetCenter && currentDiameter == targetDiameter) {
+            center.set(targetCenter);
+            diameter.set(targetDiameter);
+        } else {
+            if (geometryTransition == null)
+                geometryTransition = new Timeline();
+            // Preserve the visible geometry when a press or reversal interrupts a transition.
+            center.set(currentCenter);
+            diameter.set(currentDiameter);
+            geometryTransition.getKeyFrames().setAll(
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
+                            new KeyValue(center, currentCenter),
+                            new KeyValue(diameter, currentDiameter)),
+                    new KeyFrame(pressed ? Motion.SHORT2 : Motion.MEDIUM1,
+                            new KeyValue(diameter, targetDiameter, pressed ? Motion.LINEAR : Motion.STANDARD)),
+                    new KeyFrame(Motion.MEDIUM2,
+                            new KeyValue(center, targetCenter, Motion.EASE_OUT_BACK)));
+            geometryTransition.play();
+        }
+        layoutHandle();
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the handle icon, creating it if needed.
+    private void updateIcon(boolean selected, boolean visible) {
+        if (icon == null && visible) {
+            icon = new SVGPath();
+            icon.getStyleClass().setAll("switch-icon");
+            icon.setManaged(false);
+            // The first CSS fill should appear immediately, without a transition from default black.
+            icon.setFill(null);
+            if (!colors.isEmpty())
+                colors.add(new CssColor(icon.fillProperty()));
+            artwork.getChildren().add(icon);
+        }
+        if (icon != null) {
+            icon.setVisible(visible);
+            if (visible)
+                icon.setContent(selected
+                        ? "M2 8l4 4 8-8-1.4-1.4L6 9.2 3.4 6.6Z"
+                        : "M4 2.6l4 4 4-4L13.4 4l-4 4 4 4-1.4 1.4-4-4-4 4L2.6 12l4-4-4-4Z");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Positions and sizes the handle and its overlays.
+    private void layoutHandle() {
+        double cx = center.get();
+        stateLayer.setCenterX(cx);
+        handle.setCenterX(cx);
+        handle.setRadius(diameter.get() / 2);
+        if (icon != null && icon.isVisible())
+            icon.relocate(cx - icon.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() / 2,
+                    CENTER_Y - icon.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() / 2);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the size scale, or 1 for an invalid size.
+    private double sizeScale() {
+        double size = control.getSize();
+        return Double.isFinite(size) && size > 0 ? size / TRACK_HEIGHT : 1;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the shared color animation, creating it if needed.
+    private Transition colorTransition() {
+        if (colorTransition == null) {
+            colorTransition = new Transition() {
+                {
+                    setCycleDuration(Motion.SHORT4);
+                    setInterpolator(Motion.STANDARD);
+                }
+
+                /// Updates only paints with a pending CSS target.
+                @Override
+                protected void interpolate(double fraction) {
+                    for (CssColor color : colors)
+                        color.interpolate(fraction);
+                }
+            };
+            colorTransition.setOnFinished(event -> finishColors());
+        }
+        return colorTransition;
+    }
+
+    /// Stops color animation and applies pending targets.
+    private void finishColors() {
+        animateColors = false;
+        if (colorTransition != null)
+            colorTransition.stop();
+        for (CssColor color : colors)
+            color.finish();
+    }
+
+    /// Animates a solid paint while preserving CSS precedence.
+    private final class CssColor implements ChangeListener<@Nullable Paint> {
+
+        /// The animated paint property.
+        private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> property;
+
+        /// Most recent solid CSS target; null means no transition is pending.
+        private @Nullable Color target;
+
+        /// CSS origin of the target paint.
+        private @Nullable StyleOrigin origin;
+
+        /// Starting color.
+        private Color from = Color.TRANSPARENT;
+
+        /// Observes a styleable paint property.
+        private CssColor(ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> property) {
+            this.property = property;
+            property.addListener(this);
+        }
+
+        /// Animates selection colors and applies other paint changes immediately.
+        @Override
+        public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends @Nullable Paint> observable,
+                            @Nullable Paint previous, @Nullable Paint next) {
+            if (applyingColors)
+                return;
+            // CSS may reapply the same target while the displayed value is still interpolating.
+            if (target != null && target.equals(next) && previous != null) {
+                apply(previous);
+                return;
+            }
+            target = null;
+            if (!animateColors || !(previous instanceof Color start) || !(next instanceof Color end) || start.equals(end))
+                return;
+            from = start;
+            target = end;
+            origin = ((StyleableProperty<?>) property).getStyleOrigin();
+            interpolate(0);
+        }
+
+        /// Applies an animation frame.
+        private void interpolate(double fraction) {
+            if (target != null)
+                apply(fraction == 1 ? target : from.interpolate(target, fraction));
+        }
+
+        /// Writes a CSS value while suppressing this transition's own listener.
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        private void apply(Paint value) {
+            applyingColors = true;
+            try {
+                ((StyleableProperty<Paint>) property).applyStyle(origin, value);
+            } finally {
+                applyingColors = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Applies and clears the pending target.
+        private void finish() {
+            if (target != null) {
+                apply(target);
+                target = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Removes the paint listener.
+        private void dispose() {
+            property.removeListener(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/skins/JFXToggleButtonSkin.java

@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
- * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
- * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
- * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
- * specific language governing permissions and limitations
- * under the License.
- */
-
-package com.jfoenix.skins;
-
-import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXRippler;
-import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXRippler.RipplerMask;
-import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXRippler.RipplerPos;
-import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXToggleButton;
-import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
-import com.jfoenix.transitions.JFXAnimationTimer;
-import com.jfoenix.transitions.JFXKeyFrame;
-import com.jfoenix.transitions.JFXKeyValue;
-import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
-import javafx.geometry.Insets;
-import javafx.scene.Cursor;
-import javafx.scene.control.skin.ToggleButtonSkin;
-import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
-import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
-import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
-import javafx.scene.shape.StrokeLineCap;
-import javafx.util.Duration;
-
-/**
- * <h1>Material Design ToggleButton Skin</h1>
- *
- * @author Shadi Shaheen
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 2016-03-09
- */
-public class JFXToggleButtonSkin extends ToggleButtonSkin {
-
-
-    private Runnable releaseManualRippler = null;
-
-    private JFXAnimationTimer timer;
-    private final Circle circle;
-    private final Line line;
-
-    public JFXToggleButtonSkin(JFXToggleButton toggleButton) {
-        super(toggleButton);
-
-        double circleRadius = toggleButton.getSize();
-
-        line = new Line();
-        line.setStroke(getSkinnable().isSelected() ? toggleButton.getToggleLineColor() : toggleButton.getUnToggleLineColor());
-        line.setStartX(0);
-        line.setStartY(0);
-        line.setEndX(circleRadius * 2 + 2);
-        line.setEndY(0);
-        line.setStrokeWidth(circleRadius * 1.5);
-        line.setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.ROUND);
-        line.setSmooth(true);
-
-        circle = new Circle();
-        circle.setFill(getSkinnable().isSelected() ? toggleButton.getToggleColor() : toggleButton.getUnToggleColor());
-        circle.setCenterX(-circleRadius);
-        circle.setCenterY(0);
-        circle.setRadius(circleRadius);
-        circle.setSmooth(true);
-        JFXDepthManager.setDepth(circle, 1);
-
-        StackPane circlePane = new StackPane();
-        circlePane.getChildren().add(circle);
-        circlePane.setPadding(new Insets(circleRadius * 1.5));
-
-        JFXRippler rippler = new JFXRippler(circlePane, RipplerMask.CIRCLE, RipplerPos.BACK);
-        rippler.setRipplerFill(getSkinnable().isSelected() ? toggleButton.getToggleLineColor() : toggleButton.getUnToggleLineColor());
-        rippler.setTranslateX(computeTranslation(circleRadius, line));
-
-        final StackPane main = new StackPane();
-        main.getChildren().setAll(line, rippler);
-        main.setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
-
-        // show focus traversal effect
-        getSkinnable().armedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (newVal) {
-                releaseManualRippler = rippler.createManualRipple();
-            } else if (releaseManualRippler != null) {
-                releaseManualRippler.run();
-            }
-        });
-        toggleButton.focusedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (!toggleButton.isDisableVisualFocus()) {
-                if (newVal) {
-                    if (!getSkinnable().isPressed()) {
-                        rippler.setOverlayVisible(true);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    rippler.setOverlayVisible(false);
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        toggleButton.pressedProperty().addListener(observable -> rippler.setOverlayVisible(false));
-
-        // add change listener to selected property
-        getSkinnable().selectedProperty().addListener(observable -> {
-            rippler.setRipplerFill(toggleButton.isSelected() ? toggleButton.getToggleLineColor() : toggleButton.getUnToggleLineColor());
-            if (!toggleButton.isDisableAnimation()) {
-                timer.reverseAndContinue();
-            } else {
-                rippler.setTranslateX(computeTranslation(circleRadius, line));
-            }
-        });
-
-        getSkinnable().setGraphic(main);
-
-        timer = new JFXAnimationTimer(
-                new JFXKeyFrame(Duration.millis(100),
-                        JFXKeyValue.builder()
-                                .setTarget(rippler.translateXProperty())
-                                .setEndValueSupplier(() -> computeTranslation(circleRadius, line))
-                                .setInterpolator(Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)
-                                .setAnimateCondition(() -> !((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).isDisableAnimation())
-                                .build(),
-
-                        JFXKeyValue.builder()
-                                .setTarget(line.strokeProperty())
-                                .setEndValueSupplier(() -> getSkinnable().isSelected() ?
-                                        ((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getToggleLineColor()
-                                        : ((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getUnToggleLineColor())
-                                .setInterpolator(Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)
-                                .setAnimateCondition(() -> !((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).isDisableAnimation())
-                                .build(),
-
-                        JFXKeyValue.builder()
-                                .setTarget(circle.fillProperty())
-                                .setEndValueSupplier(() -> getSkinnable().isSelected() ?
-                                        ((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getToggleColor()
-                                        : ((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getUnToggleColor())
-                                .setInterpolator(Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)
-                                .setAnimateCondition(() -> !((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).isDisableAnimation())
-                                .build()
-                )
-        );
-        timer.setCacheNodes(circle, line);
-
-        registerChangeListener(toggleButton.toggleColorProperty(), observableValue -> {
-            if (getSkinnable().isSelected()) {
-                circle.setFill(((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getToggleColor());
-            }
-        });
-        registerChangeListener(toggleButton.unToggleColorProperty(), observableValue -> {
-            if (!getSkinnable().isSelected()) {
-                circle.setFill(((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getUnToggleColor());
-            }
-        });
-        registerChangeListener(toggleButton.toggleLineColorProperty(), observableValue -> {
-            if (getSkinnable().isSelected()) {
-                line.setStroke(((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getToggleLineColor());
-            }
-        });
-        registerChangeListener(toggleButton.unToggleColorProperty(), observableValue -> {
-            if (!getSkinnable().isSelected()) {
-                line.setStroke(((JFXToggleButton) getSkinnable()).getUnToggleLineColor());
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private double computeTranslation(double circleRadius, Line line) {
-        return (getSkinnable().isSelected() ? 1 : -1) * ((line.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() / 2) - circleRadius + 2);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void dispose() {
-        super.dispose();
-        timer.dispose();
-        timer = null;
-    }
-}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/EntryPoint.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
@@ -23,6 +8,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.SwingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.TLSSecurity;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 
 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
@@ -42,6 +28,7 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
     private EntryPoint() {
     }
 
+    /// Initializes TLS protection before downloading dependencies and starting the launcher.
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("java.net.useSystemProxies", "true");
         System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("javafx.autoproxy.disable", "true");
@@ -49,11 +36,10 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
 
         createHMCLDirectories();
         LOG.start(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("logs"));
+        TLSSecurity.install();
 
         checkWine();
 
-        setupJavaFXVMOptions();
-
         if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
             System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("apple.awt.application.appearance", "system");
             if (!isInsideMacAppBundle())
@@ -74,71 +60,6 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
         System.exit(exitCode);
     }
 
-    private static void setupJavaFXVMOptions() {
-        if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getenv("HMCL_FORCE_GPU"))) {
-            LOG.info("HMCL_FORCE_GPU: true");
-            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("prism.forceGPU", "true");
-        }
-
-        String animationFrameRate = System.getenv("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE");
-        if (animationFrameRate != null) {
-            LOG.info("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE: " + animationFrameRate);
-
-            try {
-                if (Integer.parseInt(animationFrameRate) <= 0)
-                    throw new NumberFormatException(animationFrameRate);
-
-                System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("javafx.animation.pulse", animationFrameRate);
-            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Invalid animation frame rate: " + animationFrameRate);
-            }
-        }
-
-        String uiScale = System.getProperty("hmcl.uiScale", System.getenv("HMCL_UI_SCALE"));
-        if (uiScale != null) {
-            uiScale = uiScale.trim();
-
-            LOG.info("HMCL_UI_SCALE: " + uiScale);
-
-            try {
-                float scaleValue;
-                if (uiScale.endsWith("%")) {
-                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 1)) / 100.0f;
-                } else if (uiScale.endsWith("dpi") || uiScale.endsWith("DPI")) {
-                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 3)) / 96.0f;
-                } else {
-                    scaleValue = Float.parseFloat(uiScale);
-                }
-
-                float lowerBound;
-                float upperBound;
-
-                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                    // JavaFX behavior may be abnormal when the DPI scaling factor is too high
-                    lowerBound = 0.25f;
-                    upperBound = 4f;
-                } else {
-                    lowerBound = 0.01f;
-                    upperBound = 10f;
-                }
-
-                if (scaleValue >= lowerBound && scaleValue <= upperBound) {
-                    if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.win.uiScale", uiScale);
-                    } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-                        LOG.warning("macOS does not support setting UI scale, so it will be ignored");
-                    } else {
-                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.gtk.uiScale", uiScale);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    LOG.warning("UI scale out of range: " + uiScale);
-                }
-            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                LOG.warning("Invalid UI scale: " + uiScale);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     private static void createHMCLDirectories() {
         if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME)) {
             try {
@@ -225,15 +146,8 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
 
     private static void checkWine() {
         if (OperatingSystem.isRunningUnderWine()) {
-            SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
             LOG.warning("HMCL is running under Wine or its distributions!");
-
-            int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, i18n("fatal.wine_warning"), i18n("message.warning"), JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
-                    JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE, null, null, null);
-
-            if (result == JOptionPane.CANCEL_OPTION || result == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION) {
-                exit(1);
-            }
+            showWarning(i18n("fatal.wine_warning"));
         }
     }
 
@@ -273,10 +187,21 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
         }
     }
 
+    static void showWarning(String message) {
+        SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
+
+        int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, message, i18n("message.warning"), JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
+                JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE, null, null, null);
+
+        if (result == JOptionPane.CANCEL_OPTION || result == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION) {
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Indicates that a fatal error has occurred, and that the application cannot start.
      */
-    private static void showErrorAndExit(String message) {
+    static void showErrorAndExit(String message) {
         SwingUtils.showErrorDialog(message);
         exit(1);
     }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/Launcher.java

@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl;
 
+import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
+import com.sun.jna.WString;
 import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
 import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
 import javafx.animation.Timeline;
@@ -29,8 +16,6 @@ import javafx.scene.control.Alert;
 import javafx.scene.control.Alert.AlertType;
 import javafx.scene.control.Button;
 import javafx.scene.control.ButtonType;
-import javafx.scene.input.Clipboard;
-import javafx.scene.input.DataFormat;
 import javafx.stage.Screen;
 import javafx.stage.Stage;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
@@ -38,19 +23,27 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.Controllers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateChecker;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateHandler;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.macos.LibSystem;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.Gdi32;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.Shell32;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.User32;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinReg;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import javax.swing.*;
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.datatransfer.StringSelection;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
 import java.lang.management.MemoryPoolMXBean;
 import java.net.CookieHandler;
@@ -60,10 +53,11 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
@@ -71,6 +65,7 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 
+/// The main JavaFX application entry point.
 public final class Launcher extends Application {
     public static final CookieManager COOKIE_MANAGER = new CookieManager();
 
@@ -98,18 +93,7 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
         }
 
         try {
-            try {
-                SettingsManager.init();
-                initializeSettingsRuntime();
-            } catch (SambaException e) {
-                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.samba"));
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.error("Failed to load config", e);
-                checkConfigInTempDir();
-                checkConfigOwner();
-                showAlert(AlertType.ERROR, i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory()));
-                EntryPoint.exit(1);
-            }
+            initializeSettingsRuntime();
 
             // https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/app-translocation.html
             if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS
@@ -141,10 +125,6 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                 Platform.setImplicitExit(false);
                 Controllers.initialize(primaryStage);
 
-                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS)
-                    Themes.applyNativeDarkMode(primaryStage);
-
-                UpdateChecker.init();
 
                 primaryStage.show();
             });
@@ -274,61 +254,14 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
         }
     }
 
-    private static void checkConfigOwner() {
-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
-            return;
-
-        String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
-        Path configDirectory = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory();
-        if (!Files.exists(configDirectory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        String owner;
-        try {
-            owner = Files.getOwner(configDirectory).getName();
-        } catch (IOException ioe) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to get file owner", ioe);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (Files.isWritable(configDirectory) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
-            return;
-
-        ArrayList<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
-        files.add(configDirectory.toString());
-        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME))
-            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.toString());
-
-        Path mcDir = Paths.get(".minecraft").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
-        if (Files.exists(mcDir))
-            files.add(mcDir.toString());
-
-        String command = new CommandBuilder().addAll("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
-        ButtonType copyAndExit = new ButtonType(i18n("button.copy_and_exit"));
-
-        if (showAlert(AlertType.ERROR,
-                i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure.unix", owner, command),
-                copyAndExit, ButtonType.CLOSE) == copyAndExit) {
-            Clipboard.getSystemClipboard()
-                    .setContent(Collections.singletonMap(DataFormat.PLAIN_TEXT, command));
-        }
-        EntryPoint.exit(1);
-    }
-
     @Override
     public void stop() throws Exception {
         Controllers.onApplicationStop();
-        FileSaver.shutdown();
+        SettingsManager.shutdown();
         LOG.shutdown();
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        if (UpdateHandler.processArguments(args)) {
-            LOG.shutdown();
-            return;
-        }
-
         Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(CRASH_REPORTER);
         AsyncTaskExecutor.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new CrashReporter(false));
 
@@ -341,6 +274,10 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                 LOG.info("Processor Identifier: " + System.getenv("PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER"));
             }
             LOG.info("System Architecture: " + Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getDisplayName());
+            try {
+                LOG.info("Process PID: " + ProcessHandle.current().pid());
+            } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ignored) {
+            }
             LOG.info("Native Encoding: " + OperatingSystem.NATIVE_CHARSET);
             LOG.info("JNU Encoding: " + System.getProperty("sun.jnu.encoding"));
             if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
@@ -353,8 +290,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
             LOG.info("Current Directory: " + Metadata.CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
             LOG.info("HMCL User Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
             LOG.info("HMCL Local Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
-            LOG.info("HMCL Jar Path: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(JarUtils.thisJarPath(), "Not Found"));
-            LOG.info("HMCL Log File: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(LOG.getLogFile(), "In Memory"));
+            LOG.info("HMCL Jar Path: " + Objects.requireNonNullElse(JarUtils.thisJarPath(), "Not Found"));
+            LOG.info("HMCL Log File: " + Objects.requireNonNullElse(LOG.getLogFile(), "In Memory"));
             LOG.info("JVM Max Memory: " + MEGABYTES.formatBytes(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()));
             try {
                 for (MemoryPoolMXBean bean : ManagementFactory.getMemoryPoolMXBeans()) {
@@ -372,10 +309,27 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                 LOG.info("XDG Current Desktop: " + System.getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"));
             }
 
+            @Nullable Boolean isRoot = isRootUser();
+            LOG.info("Administrator User: " + (isRoot == null ? "Unknown" : isRoot.toString()));
+
             LOG.info("Zlib Compatible: " + ZlibUtils.IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE);
 
             Lang.thread(SystemInfo::initialize, "Detection System Information", true);
 
+            try {
+                SettingsManager.init();
+            } catch (SambaException e) {
+                EntryPoint.showWarning(i18n("fatal.samba"));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.error("Failed to load config", e);
+                checkConfigOwner();
+                SwingUtils.showErrorDialog(i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory()));
+                EntryPoint.exit(1);
+            }
+
+            setupJavaFXVMOptions();
+            setupWindowsAppUserModelID();
+
             launch(Launcher.class, args);
         } catch (Throwable e) { // Fucking JavaFX will suppress the exception and will break our crash reporter.
             CRASH_REPORTER.uncaughtException(Thread.currentThread(), e);
@@ -408,5 +362,283 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Sets the process-level AppUserModelID on Windows so the launcher groups correctly on the taskbar.
+    private static void setupWindowsAppUserModelID() {
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
+            return;
+        if (!NativeUtils.USE_JNA || Shell32.INSTANCE == null)
+            return;
+        @Nullable Path thisJar = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
+        if (thisJar == null || !Files.isRegularFile(thisJar) || !"exe".equalsIgnoreCase(FileUtils.getExtension(thisJar)))
+            return;
+
+        try {
+            int hr = Shell32.INSTANCE.SetCurrentProcessExplicitAppUserModelID(new WString(Metadata.WINDOWS_APP_USER_MODEL_ID));
+            if (hr < 0) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to set AppUserModelID, HRESULT=0x" + Integer.toHexString(hr));
+            } else {
+                LOG.info("Set AppUserModelID: " + Metadata.WINDOWS_APP_USER_MODEL_ID);
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to set AppUserModelID", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets JavaFX VM options before the toolkit starts.
+    /// On Wayland, the UI scale is auto-detected when the user did not configure one explicitly.
+    private static void setupJavaFXVMOptions() {
+        if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getenv("HMCL_FORCE_GPU"))) {
+            LOG.info("HMCL_FORCE_GPU: true");
+            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("prism.forceGPU", "true");
+        }
+
+        setUpAnimationFrameRate:
+        {
+            if (System.getProperty("javafx.animation.pulse") != null) {
+                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
+            }
+
+            String animationFrameRate = System.getenv("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE");
+            if (animationFrameRate != null) {
+                LOG.info("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE: " + animationFrameRate);
+
+                try {
+                    int value = Integer.parseInt(animationFrameRate);
+                    if (value <= 0)
+                        throw new NumberFormatException(animationFrameRate);
+
+                    if (value != 60)
+                        System.setProperty("javafx.animation.pulse", animationFrameRate);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Invalid animation frame rate: " + animationFrameRate);
+                }
+                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
+            }
+
+            // To avoid prematurely loading FXUtils, we only check if animationDisabled has been explicitly set to true
+            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(settings().animationDisabledProperty().get()))
+                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                if (NativeUtils.USE_JNA && Gdi32.INSTANCE != null && User32.INSTANCE != null) {
+                    @Nullable Pointer pointer = User32.INSTANCE.GetDC(Pointer.NULL);
+                    if (pointer != null) {
+                        try {
+                            int refreshRate = Gdi32.INSTANCE.GetDeviceCaps(pointer, Gdi32.VREFRESH);
+
+                            if (refreshRate > 0) {
+                                LOG.info("Detected refresh rate: " + refreshRate + "Hz");
+
+                                if (refreshRate >= 90) {
+                                    System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("javafx.animation.pulse", String.valueOf(refreshRate));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } finally {
+                            User32.INSTANCE.ReleaseDC(Pointer.NULL, pointer);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        float uiScaleLowerBound;
+        float uiScaleUpperBound;
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+            // JavaFX behavior may be abnormal when the DPI scaling factor is too high
+            uiScaleLowerBound = 0.25f;
+            uiScaleUpperBound = 4f;
+        } else {
+            uiScaleLowerBound = 0.01f;
+            uiScaleUpperBound = 10f;
+        }
+
+        String uiScale = System.getProperty("hmcl.uiScale", System.getenv("HMCL_UI_SCALE"));
+
+        float scaleValue = Float.NaN;
+        if (uiScale != null && !(uiScale = uiScale.trim()).isEmpty()) {
+            LOG.info("HMCL_UI_SCALE: " + uiScale);
+
+            try {
+                if (uiScale.endsWith("%")) {
+                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 1)) / 100.0f;
+                } else if (uiScale.endsWith("dpi") || uiScale.endsWith("DPI")) {
+                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 3)) / 96.0f;
+                } else {
+                    scaleValue = Float.parseFloat(uiScale);
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                LOG.warning("Invalid UI scale: " + uiScale);
+            }
+        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.isLinuxOrBSD()) {
+            String xdgSessionType = Objects.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("XDG_SESSION_TYPE"), "");
+            String xdgCurrentDesktop = Objects.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"), "");
+
+            if ("wayland".equals(xdgSessionType)
+                    && StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(xdgCurrentDesktop, "KDE")) {
+                try {
+                    @Nullable Path xrdb = SystemUtils.which("xrdb");
+                    @Nullable String xftDpi = xrdb != null ? SystemUtils.run(List.of(FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(xrdb), "-query"), inputStream -> {
+                        @Nullable String dpiLine;
+
+                        try (var reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, OperatingSystem.NATIVE_CHARSET);
+                             BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
+                             Stream<String> lines = bufferedReader.lines()) {
+                            dpiLine = lines.filter(line -> line.trim().startsWith("Xft.dpi:"))
+                                    .findFirst().orElse(null);
+                        }
+
+                        return dpiLine != null
+                                ? dpiLine.substring("Xft.dpi:".length()).trim()
+                                : null;
+                    }, java.time.Duration.ofSeconds(1)) : null;
+
+                    if (xftDpi != null) {
+                        float dpiValue = Float.parseFloat(xftDpi);
+                        float scale = dpiValue / 96f;
+
+                        if (scale > 1 && scale <= 10) {
+                            LOG.info("Detected Xft.dpi: %s (%.1fx)".formatted(dpiValue, scale));
+                            scaleValue = scale;
+                            uiScale = Float.toString(scale);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to read Xft.dpi from xrdb", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (Float.isFinite(scaleValue)) {
+            if (scaleValue >= uiScaleLowerBound && scaleValue <= uiScaleUpperBound) {
+                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                    System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.win.uiScale", uiScale);
+                } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                    LOG.warning("macOS does not support setting UI scale, so it will be ignored");
+                } else {
+                    System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.gtk.uiScale", uiScale);
+                }
+            } else {
+                LOG.warning("UI scale out of range: " + uiScale);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkConfigOwner() {
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
+            return;
+
+        String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
+        Path configDirectory = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory();
+        if (!Files.exists(configDirectory)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String owner;
+        try {
+            owner = Files.getOwner(configDirectory).getName();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to get file owner", ioe);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Files.isWritable(configDirectory) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
+            return;
+
+        ArrayList<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
+        files.add(configDirectory.toString());
+        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME))
+            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.toString());
+
+        Path mcDir = Paths.get(".minecraft").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        if (Files.exists(mcDir))
+            files.add(mcDir.toString());
+
+        String command = new CommandBuilder().addAll("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
+        SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
+
+        Object[] options = {i18n("button.copy_and_exit"), i18n("button.cancel")};
+        int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,
+                i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure.unix", owner, command),
+                i18n("message.error"),
+                JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
+                JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE,
+                null,
+                options,
+                options[0]);
+
+        if (result == 0) {
+            try {
+                Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(new StringSelection(command), null);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to copy command to clipboard", e);
+            }
+        }
+        EntryPoint.exit(1);
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable Boolean isRootUser() {
+        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
+            case WINDOWS -> {
+                WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
+
+                if (reg == null)
+                    return null;
+                try {
+                    return reg.exists(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_USERS, "S-1-5-19");
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to check Windows administrator privileges", e);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+            case LINUX -> {
+                Path selfStatus = Paths.get("/proc/self/status");
+                if (Files.exists(selfStatus)) {
+                    try (var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(selfStatus)) {
+                        @Nullable String line;
+                        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                            if (line.startsWith("Uid:")) {
+                                String[] parts = line.split("\t");
+                                if (parts.length >= 3) {
+                                    String uid = parts[2].trim();
+                                    return "0".equals(uid);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        LOG.warning("Failed to read " + selfStatus, e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            case MACOS -> {
+                if (NativeUtils.USE_JNA) {
+                    LibSystem libSystem = LibSystem.INSTANCE;
+                    if (libSystem != null) {
+                        try {
+                            return libSystem.geteuid() == 0;
+                        } catch (Throwable e) {
+                            LOG.warning("Failed to check macOS root privileges", e);
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.isUnixLike()) {
+            @Nullable Path id = SystemUtils.which("id");
+            if (id != null) {
+                try {
+                    return "0".equals(SystemUtils.run(id.toString(), "-u").trim());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to run id -u", e);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
     public static final CrashReporter CRASH_REPORTER = new CrashReporter(true);
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/Metadata.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
@@ -23,6 +8,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 
@@ -37,23 +23,20 @@ public final class Metadata {
     public static final String FULL_NAME = "Hello Minecraft! Launcher";
     public static final String VERSION = System.getProperty("hmcl.version.override", JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version", "@develop@"));
 
+    /// Explicit Application User Model ID used for Windows taskbar grouping and pinning.
+    public static final String WINDOWS_APP_USER_MODEL_ID = "org.jackhuang.hmcl";
+
     public static final String TITLE = NAME + " " + VERSION;
-    public static final String FULL_TITLE = FULL_NAME + " v" + VERSION;
+
+    /// Whether the build metadata identifies this launcher as an official build.
+    public static final boolean OFFICIAL_BUILD = Boolean.parseBoolean(JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.official", "false"));
 
     public static final int MINIMUM_REQUIRED_JAVA_VERSION = 17;
     public static final int MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_JAVA_VERSION = 17;
-    public static final int RECOMMENDED_JAVA_VERSION = 21;
-
-    public static final String PUBLISH_URL = "https://hmcl.huangyuhui.net";
-    public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL = PUBLISH_URL + "/download";
-    public static final String HMCL_UPDATE_URL = System.getProperty("hmcl.update_source.override", PUBLISH_URL + "/api/update_link");
-    public static final String MANUAL_UPDATE_URL = "https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/releases";
+    public static final int RECOMMENDED_JAVA_VERSION = 25;
 
     public static final String DOCS_URL = "https://docs.hmcl.net";
-    public static final String CONTACT_URL = DOCS_URL + "/help.html";
-    public static final String CHANGELOG_URL = DOCS_URL + "/changelog/";
     public static final String EULA_URL = DOCS_URL + "/eula/hmcl.html";
-    public static final String GROUPS_URL = "https://www.bilibili.com/opus/905435541874409529";
 
     public static final String BUILD_CHANNEL = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.type", "nightly");
     public static final String GITHUB_SHA = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.hash", null);
@@ -106,7 +89,7 @@ public final class Metadata {
 
     public static @Nullable String getSuggestedJavaDownloadLink() {
         if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.LOONGARCH64_OW)
-            return "https://www.loongnix.cn/zh/api/java/downloads-jdk21/index.html";
+            return "https://www.loongnix.cn/zh/api/java/downloads-jdk25/index.html";
         else {
             EnumSet<Architecture> supportedArchitectures;
             if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
@@ -130,4 +113,71 @@ public final class Metadata {
                 return null;
         }
     }
+
+    /// Directory under [HMCL_LOCAL_HOME] that holds a launcher-bundled modpack for automatic install.
+    public static final String BUNDLED_MODPACK_DIRECTORY_NAME = "modpack";
+
+    /// Returns the directory for a launcher-bundled modpack (`[HMCL_LOCAL_HOME]/modpack`).
+    public static Path getBundledModpackDirectory() {
+        return HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve(BUNDLED_MODPACK_DIRECTORY_NAME);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the bundled modpack package under [getBundledModpackDirectory], if present.
+    ///
+    /// Prefers `modpack.zip` over `modpack.mrpack` when both exist. Presence of the package is the
+    /// signal to offer automatic install; the file is removed after a successful install.
+    ///
+    /// @return the modpack path, or `null` when no package is present
+    public static @Nullable Path findBundledModpackFile() {
+        Path directory = getBundledModpackDirectory();
+        Path zipModpack = directory.resolve("modpack.zip");
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(zipModpack)) {
+            return zipModpack;
+        }
+        Path mrpackModpack = directory.resolve("modpack.mrpack");
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(mrpackModpack)) {
+            return mrpackModpack;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// Default client Server Modpack fileApi published by TDLMPack (Gitea generic package `latest`).
+    public static final String DEFAULT_CLIENT_FILE_API =
+            "https://git.nest.potatolab.uk:8443/api/packages/TDLM/generic/tdlm-client/latest";
+
+    /// Stable client update root (`server-manifest.json` and `overrides/` live under this URL).
+    ///
+    /// Override with system property `hmcl.client.fileApi` or jar attribute `hmcl.client.fileApi`.
+    public static String getClientFileApi() {
+        String fromProperty = System.getProperty("hmcl.client.fileApi", "").trim();
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(fromProperty)) {
+            return StringUtils.removeSuffix(fromProperty, "/");
+        }
+        String fromJar = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.client.fileApi", null);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(fromJar)) {
+            return StringUtils.removeSuffix(fromJar.trim(), "/");
+        }
+        return DEFAULT_CLIENT_FILE_API;
+    }
+
+    /// Absolute URL of the client `server-manifest.json` used for first install and differential updates.
+    public static String getClientManifestUrl() {
+        return getClientFileApi() + "/server-manifest.json";
+    }
+
+    /// Server address used when the installed modpack manifest does not provide one.
+    ///
+    /// Can be set at build or run time with the `hmcl.server.address` system property; empty by default.
+    public static String getDefaultServerAddress() {
+        return System.getProperty("hmcl.server.address", "").trim();
+    }
+
+    /// The server name shown in the title bar.
+    ///
+    /// Can be set with the `hmcl.server.name` system property; defaults to `TDLM`.
+    public static String getServerName() {
+        String name = System.getProperty("hmcl.server.name", "TDLM").trim();
+        return name.isEmpty() ? "TDLM" : name;
+    }
+
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/addon/AddonProjectInfoRegistry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.mod.ModProjectInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProjectInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+public abstract class AddonProjectInfoRegistry<I extends AddonProjectInfo> {
+    public static final AddonProjectInfoRegistry<ModProjectInfo> MOD = new AddonProjectInfoRegistry<>(
+            "/assets/addon/mod.csv",
+            32768
+    ) {
+        @Override
+        protected int getFieldsCount() {
+            return MOD_IDS_INDEX + 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ModProjectInfo parseAddonProjectInfo(String[] fields) throws Exception {
+            return new ModProjectInfo(
+                    Integer.parseInt(fields[MCMOD_ID_INDEX]),
+                    fields[CURSEFORGE_ID_INDEX],
+                    fields[MODRINTH_ID_INDEX],
+                    fields[MAIN_NAME_INDEX],
+                    fields[SUB_NAME_INDEX],
+                    fields[ABBR_NAME_INDEX],
+                    fields[MOD_IDS_INDEX]
+            );
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Provides metadata for modpacks.
+    public static final AddonProjectInfoRegistry<ModpackProjectInfo> MODPACK = new AddonProjectInfoRegistry<>(
+            "/assets/addon/modpack.csv", 2048
+    ) {
+        @Override
+        protected int getFieldsCount() {
+            return ABBR_NAME_INDEX + 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ModpackProjectInfo parseAddonProjectInfo(String[] fields) {
+            return new ModpackProjectInfo(Integer.parseInt(fields[MCMOD_ID_INDEX]),
+                    fields[CURSEFORGE_ID_INDEX], fields[MODRINTH_ID_INDEX],
+                    fields[MAIN_NAME_INDEX], fields[SUB_NAME_INDEX], fields[ABBR_NAME_INDEX]);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Returns the registry for the addon type, or `null` for null or unsupported types.
+    public static @Nullable AddonProjectInfoRegistry<?> getByAddonType(@Nullable RemoteAddon.Type type) {
+        if (type == null) return null;
+        return switch (type) {
+            case MOD -> MOD;
+            case MODPACK -> MODPACK;
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    protected static final int MCMOD_ID_INDEX = 0;
+    protected static final int CURSEFORGE_ID_INDEX = 1;
+    protected static final int MODRINTH_ID_INDEX = 2;
+    protected static final int MAIN_NAME_INDEX = 3;
+    protected static final int SUB_NAME_INDEX = 4;
+    protected static final int ABBR_NAME_INDEX = 5;
+    protected static final int MOD_IDS_INDEX = 6;
+
+    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+    private final String assetsPath;
+    private final int initialCapacity;
+
+    private volatile @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable List<I>> infosRef;
+
+    /// Softly caches projects indexed by mod ID.
+    private volatile @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> modIdMapRef;
+
+    /// Softly caches projects indexed by cleaned secondary name.
+    private volatile @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> subnameMapRef;
+
+    /// Softly caches projects indexed by CurseForge identifier.
+    private volatile @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> curseForgeMapRef;
+
+    /// Softly caches searchable names in resource and field order.
+    private volatile @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable List<Pair<String, I>>> keywordsRef;
+
+    /// Creates a registry reading records from the given classpath resource.
+    AddonProjectInfoRegistry(String assetsPath, int initialCapacity) {
+        this.assetsPath = assetsPath;
+        this.initialCapacity = initialCapacity;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract int getFieldsCount();
+
+    protected abstract I parseAddonProjectInfo(String[] fields) throws Exception;
+
+    private @Unmodifiable List<I> loadInfos() throws IOException {
+        @Nullable InputStream inputStream = AddonProjectInfoRegistry.class.getResourceAsStream(assetsPath);
+        if (inputStream == null) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        try (var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+            ArrayList<I> infos = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            @Unmodifiable List<I> result = Collections.unmodifiableList(infos);
+
+            int fieldsCount = getFieldsCount();
+            String[] fields = new String[fieldsCount];
+
+            @Nullable StringBuilder fieldBuilder = null;
+
+            @Nullable String line;
+            loop:
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                if (line.isEmpty() || line.startsWith("#")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                int offset = 0;
+                for (int fieldIndex = 0; fieldIndex < fieldsCount; fieldIndex++) {
+                    if (offset > line.length()) {
+                        LOG.warning("Invalid line in " + assetsPath + ": " + line);
+                        continue loop;
+                    }
+
+                    int end = line.indexOf(',', offset);
+                    if (end < 0)
+                        end = line.length();
+
+
+                    String field;
+                    if (offset == end) {
+                        field = "";
+                    } else {
+                        int cursor = offset;
+                        while (cursor < end) {
+                            if (line.charAt(cursor) == '\\') {
+                                break;
+                            } else {
+                                cursor++;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (cursor == end) {
+                            field = line.substring(offset, end);
+                        } else {
+                            if (fieldBuilder == null) {
+                                fieldBuilder = new StringBuilder(32);
+                            } else {
+                                fieldBuilder.setLength(0);
+                            }
+
+                            fieldBuilder.append(line, offset, cursor);
+                            while (cursor < end) {
+                                char c = line.charAt(cursor);
+                                if (c == '\\') {
+                                    if (cursor < end - 1) {
+                                        char next = line.charAt(cursor + 1);
+                                        switch (next) {
+                                            case '0' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append('\0');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case 'n' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append('\n');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case 'r' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append('\r');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case 't' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append('\t');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case '\\' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append('\\');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case 'c' -> {
+                                                fieldBuilder.append(',');
+                                                cursor += 2;
+                                            }
+                                            case 'u' -> {
+                                                if (cursor < end - 5) {
+                                                    try {
+                                                        int codePoint = Integer.parseInt(line, cursor + 2, cursor + 6, 16);
+                                                        fieldBuilder.append((char) codePoint);
+                                                        cursor += 6;
+                                                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                                                        LOG.warning("Invalid line in " + assetsPath + ": " + line);
+                                                        continue loop;
+                                                    }
+                                                } else {
+                                                    fieldBuilder.append(c);
+                                                    cursor++;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            default -> {
+                                                LOG.warning("Invalid line in " + assetsPath + ": " + line);
+                                                continue loop;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        fieldBuilder.append(c);
+                                        cursor++;
+                                    }
+
+
+                                } else {
+                                    fieldBuilder.append(c);
+                                    cursor++;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            field = fieldBuilder.toString();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    fields[fieldIndex] = field;
+                    offset = end + 1;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    I info = parseAddonProjectInfo(fields);
+                    info.setKeepAlive(result);
+                    infos.add(info);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to parse line in " + assetsPath + ": " + line, e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            infos.trimToSize();
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an unmodifiable index, rebuilding it after its soft reference is cleared.
+    /// Duplicate keys retain the first project in resource order.
+    private @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> getModIdMap() {
+        @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> reference = this.modIdMapRef;
+        @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+        if (cached != null)
+            return cached;
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            reference = this.modIdMapRef;
+            cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+            if (cached != null)
+                return cached;
+            Map<String, I> map = new HashMap<>();
+            for (I info : getInfos()) {
+                if (info instanceof ModProjectInfo mod) {
+                    for (String id : mod.getModIds()) {
+                        if (!id.isEmpty())
+                            map.putIfAbsent(id, info);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            cached = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+            this.modIdMapRef = new SoftReference<>(cached);
+            return cached;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an unmodifiable index, rebuilding it after its soft reference is cleared.
+    /// Duplicate keys retain the first project in resource order.
+    private @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> getSubnameMap() {
+        @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> reference = this.subnameMapRef;
+        @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+        if (cached != null)
+            return cached;
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            reference = this.subnameMapRef;
+            cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+            if (cached != null)
+                return cached;
+            Map<String, I> map = new HashMap<>();
+            for (I info : getInfos()) {
+                String name = cleanSubname(info.subName());
+                if (!name.isEmpty())
+                    map.putIfAbsent(name, info);
+            }
+            cached = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+            this.subnameMapRef = new SoftReference<>(cached);
+            return cached;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an unmodifiable index, rebuilding it after its soft reference is cleared.
+    /// Duplicate keys retain the first project in resource order.
+    private @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> getCurseForgeMap() {
+        @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable Map<String, I>> reference = this.curseForgeMapRef;
+        @Unmodifiable Map<String, I> cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+        if (cached != null)
+            return cached;
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            reference = this.curseForgeMapRef;
+            cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+            if (cached != null)
+                return cached;
+            Map<String, I> map = new HashMap<>();
+            for (I info : getInfos()) {
+                String id = info.curseforgeId();
+                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(id))
+                    map.putIfAbsent(id, info);
+            }
+            cached = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+            this.curseForgeMapRef = new SoftReference<>(cached);
+            return cached;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the first project with the exact CurseForge identifier, or `null` if the
+    /// identifier is null, blank or unknown.
+    public @Nullable I getInfoByCurseForgeId(@Nullable String id) {
+        return StringUtils.isBlank(id) ? null : getCurseForgeMap().get(id);
+    }
+
+    /// Finds a project by its cleaned secondary name, falling back to its exact mod ID.
+    /// A name match is accepted only when the ID is blank or belongs to that mod project.
+    /// Null and blank inputs are absent; returns `null` if neither lookup matches.
+    /// Duplicate keys resolve to the first project in resource order.
+    public @Nullable I getInfo(@Nullable String id, @Nullable String subname) {
+        String name = cleanSubname(subname);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(name)) {
+            @Nullable I info = getSubnameMap().get(name);
+            if (info != null && (StringUtils.isBlank(id)
+                    || info instanceof ModProjectInfo mod && mod.getModIds().contains(id)))
+                return info;
+        }
+        return StringUtils.isBlank(id) ? null : getModIdMap().get(id);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isSupportedSubnameChar(int ch) {
+        return (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
+                || ".+\\".indexOf(ch) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /// Removes supported separators from a secondary name.
+    /// Returns an empty string for null, blank or unsupported names; matching is case-sensitive.
+    private static String cleanSubname(@Nullable String subname) {
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(subname))
+            return "";
+
+        int offset = 0;
+        while (offset < subname.length()) {
+            int ch = subname.charAt(offset);
+            if (!isSupportedSubnameChar(ch))
+                break;
+            offset++;
+        }
+
+        if (offset == subname.length())
+            return subname;
+
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(subname.length());
+        builder.append(subname, 0, offset);
+
+        while (offset < subname.length()) {
+            int ch = subname.codePointAt(offset);
+            if (isSupportedSubnameChar(ch)) {
+                builder.appendCodePoint(ch);
+            } else if (!(Character.isWhitespace(ch)
+                    || "':_-/&()[]{}|,!?~•".indexOf(ch) >= 0)) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            offset += Character.charCount(ch);
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns searchable names, rebuilding the index after its soft reference is cleared.
+    private @Unmodifiable List<Pair<String, I>> getKeywords() {
+        @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable List<Pair<String, I>>> reference = keywordsRef;
+        @Unmodifiable List<Pair<String, I>> cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+        if (cached != null)
+            return cached;
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            reference = keywordsRef;
+            cached = reference != null ? reference.get() : null;
+            if (cached != null)
+                return cached;
+            List<Pair<String, I>> keywords = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (I info : getInfos()) {
+                if (!info.mainName().isEmpty())
+                    keywords.add(Pair.pair(info.mainName(), info));
+                if (!info.subName().isEmpty())
+                    keywords.add(Pair.pair(info.subName(), info));
+                if (!info.abbrName().isEmpty())
+                    keywords.add(Pair.pair(info.abbrName(), info));
+            }
+            cached = List.copyOf(keywords);
+            keywordsRef = new SoftReference<>(cached);
+            return cached;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns projects ranked by descending longest common subsequence length after removing
+    /// space characters from the query. Comparison is case-sensitive and uses UTF-16 units.
+    /// Matches require at least one unit and at least query length minus three units.
+    /// Each matching name contributes a result, so projects may occur more than once.
+    /// Ties preserve resource order, then primary name, secondary name and abbreviation order.
+    public @Unmodifiable List<I> search(String query) {
+        query = query.chars().filter(ch -> !Character.isSpaceChar(ch))
+                .collect(StringBuilder::new, (sb, ch) -> sb.append((char) ch), StringBuilder::append).toString();
+        @Unmodifiable List<Pair<String, I>> keywords = getKeywords();
+        int maxLength = keywords.stream().mapToInt(keyword -> keyword.getKey().length()).max().orElse(0);
+        StringUtils.LongestCommonSubsequence lcs = new StringUtils.LongestCommonSubsequence(query.length(), maxLength);
+        List<Pair<Integer, I>> matches = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Pair<String, I> keyword : keywords) {
+            int score = lcs.calc(query, keyword.getKey());
+            if (score >= Math.max(1, query.length() - 3))
+                matches.add(Pair.pair(score, keyword.getValue()));
+        }
+        return matches.stream().sorted((a, b) -> Integer.compare(b.getKey(), a.getKey()))
+                .map(Pair::getValue).toList();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns cached project metadata, loading it on demand. Missing resources and I/O failures
+    /// produce an empty list; malformed records are skipped. The cache is softly referenced.
+    public @Unmodifiable List<I> getInfos() {
+        @Nullable SoftReference<@Unmodifiable List<I>> infosRef = this.infosRef;
+        @Unmodifiable List<I> infos = infosRef != null ? infosRef.get() : null;
+        if (infos != null)
+            return infos;
+
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            infosRef = this.infosRef;
+            infos = infosRef != null ? infosRef.get() : null;
+            if (infos != null)
+                return infos;
+
+            try {
+                infos = loadInfos();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load addon project info from " + assetsPath, e);
+                infos = List.of();
+            }
+            this.infosRef = new SoftReference<>(infos);
+            return infos;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/addon/update/AddonCheckUpdatesTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.update;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.LocalAddonFile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddon;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+public class AddonCheckUpdatesTask extends Task<AddonUpdates> {
+    private final List<Task<Pair<AddonUpdate, @Nullable AddonUpdate>>> dependents;
+
+    public AddonCheckUpdatesTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String gameVersion, Collection<? extends LocalAddonFile<?>> addons) {
+        dependents = addons.stream().map(addon ->
+                Task.supplyAsync(Schedulers.io(), () -> {
+                    AddonUpdate candidate = null;
+                    AddonUpdate candidateRelease = null;
+                    for (RemoteAddon.Source source : RemoteAddon.Source.values()) {
+                        AddonUpdate update = null;
+                        AddonUpdate updateRelease = null;
+                        try {
+                            var u = addon.checkUpdates(downloadProvider, gameVersion, source);
+                            if (u != null) {
+                                update = u.key();
+                                updateRelease = u.value();
+                            }
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            LOG.warning(String.format("Cannot check update for addon %s.", addon.getFileName()), e);
+                        }
+                        if (update == null) continue;
+                        if (candidate == null || candidate.targetVersion().datePublished().isBefore(update.targetVersion().datePublished()))
+                            candidate = update;
+
+                        if (updateRelease == null) continue;
+                        if (candidateRelease == null || candidateRelease.targetVersion().datePublished().isBefore(updateRelease.targetVersion().datePublished()))
+                            candidateRelease = updateRelease;
+                    }
+
+                    if (candidate == null) return null; // If there's no candidate for all channels, then no candidate for release channel
+                    return Pair.pair(candidate, candidateRelease);
+                }).setName(addon.getFileName()).setSignificance(TaskSignificance.MAJOR).withCounter("update.checking")
+        ).toList();
+
+        setStage("update.checking");
+        getProperties().put("total", dependents.size());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean doPreExecute() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void preExecute() {
+        notifyPropertiesChanged();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<? extends Task<?>> getDependents() {
+        return dependents;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRelyingOnDependents() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute() throws Exception {
+        List<AddonUpdate> commonUpdates = new ArrayList<>(), releaseUpdates = new ArrayList<>();
+        dependents.stream().map(Task::getResult).filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                .forEachOrdered(pair -> {
+                    commonUpdates.add(pair.key());
+                    if (pair.value() != null) releaseUpdates.add(pair.value());
+                });
+        setResult(new AddonUpdates(commonUpdates, releaseUpdates));
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/addon/update/AddonUpdateTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.update;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.LocalAddonFile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.LocalAddonManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddon;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FileDownloadTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+public class AddonUpdateTask extends Task<Void> {
+    private final Collection<Task<?>> dependents = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<LocalAddonFile<?>> failedAddons = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public AddonUpdateTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Path addonDirectory, List<AddonUpdate> addons) {
+        setStage("addon.check_update.confirm");
+        getProperties().put("total", addons.size());
+
+        for (AddonUpdate addon : addons) {
+            LocalAddonFile<?> local = addon.localAddonFile();
+            RemoteAddon.Version remote = addon.targetVersion();
+            boolean isDisabled = local.isDisabled();
+            String fileName = remote.file().filename();
+            if (isDisabled)
+                fileName = StringUtils.addSuffix(fileName, LocalAddonManager.DISABLED_EXTENSION);
+            String newFileName = fileName;
+            Path targetFile = addonDirectory.resolve(newFileName);
+
+            dependents.add(Task
+                    .supplyAsync(Schedulers.io(), () -> Files.createTempFile("hmcl-addon-update-", ".tmp"))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(tempFile ->
+                            new FileDownloadTask(downloadProvider.getDownloadCandidates(remote.file().url()), tempFile)
+                                    .setName(remote.name())
+                                    .thenRunAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> local.setOld(true))
+                                    .thenRunAsync(Schedulers.io(), () -> Files.move(tempFile, targetFile))
+                                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), exception -> {
+                                        try {
+                                            Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);
+                                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                                            LOG.warning("Failed to delete temp file " + tempFile, e);
+                                        }
+                                        if (exception != null) {
+                                            // restore state if failed
+                                            local.setOld(false);
+                                            if (isDisabled)
+                                                local.markDisabled();
+                                        } else {
+                                            local.onUpdated(newFileName);
+                                            if (!local.keepOldFiles()) {
+                                                try {
+                                                    local.delete();
+                                                } catch (IOException e) {
+                                                    LOG.warning("Failed to delete outdated addon: " + local.getFile(), e);
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    })
+                    ).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), exception -> {
+                        if (exception != null) {
+                            LOG.warning("Failed to update addon", exception);
+                            failedAddons.add(local);
+                        }
+                    }).withCounter("addon.check_update.confirm"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<LocalAddonFile<?>> getFailedAddons() {
+        return failedAddons;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<Task<?>> getDependents() {
+        return dependents;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean doPreExecute() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void preExecute() {
+        notifyPropertiesChanged();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRelyingOnDependents() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute() throws Exception {
+        if (!isDependentsSucceeded())
+            throw getException();
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/HMCLDownloadProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.download;
+
+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.cleanroom.CleanroomRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.fabric.FabricRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.forge.ForgeRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.GameRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.neoforge.NeoForgeRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.optifine.OptiFineRemoteVersion;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.AssetObject;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameComponentType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadSource;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.RegionUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class HMCLDownloadProvider extends DownloadProvider {
+    private volatile DownloadSource versionListSource = DownloadSource.MIRROR;
+    private volatile DownloadSource fileSource = DownloadSource.MIRROR;
+
+    private static boolean preferMirror(DownloadSource source) {
+        if ("CN".equals(RegionUtils.MACHINE_REGION)) {
+            return source != DownloadSource.OFFICIAL;
+        }
+        return source == DownloadSource.MIRROR;
+    }
+
+    private static DownloadCandidates getCandidates(
+            DownloadSource source,
+            WebURL officialUrl,
+            List<WebURL> mirrorUrls
+    ) {
+        if (preferMirror(source)) {
+            var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>(mirrorUrls.size() + 1);
+            candidates.addAll(spreadPrimary(mirrorUrls.stream().map(DownloadCandidate::of).toList(), officialUrl.href()));
+            candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of(officialUrl));
+            return DownloadCandidates.of(List.copyOf(candidates));
+        } else {
+            var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>(mirrorUrls.size() + 1);
+            candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of(officialUrl));
+            for (WebURL mirrorUrl : mirrorUrls) {
+                candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of(mirrorUrl));
+            }
+            return DownloadCandidates.of(List.copyOf(candidates));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Rotates the first mirror among the top entries using a stable hash of the URL, so concurrent
+    /// file downloads spread across healthy mirrors instead of stampeding one entry point.
+    private static List<DownloadCandidate> spreadPrimary(List<DownloadCandidate> mirrors, String key) {
+        if (mirrors.size() <= 1)
+            return mirrors;
+
+        int top = Math.min(2, mirrors.size());
+        int primary = Math.floorMod(key.hashCode(), top);
+        if (primary == 0)
+            return mirrors;
+
+        var rotated = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>(mirrors.size());
+        rotated.add(mirrors.get(primary));
+        for (int i = 0; i < mirrors.size(); i++) {
+            if (i != primary)
+                rotated.add(mirrors.get(i));
+        }
+        return rotated;
+    }
+
+    private static DownloadCandidates getCandidates(DownloadSource source, List<MirrorRule> rules, List<String> urls) {
+        if (urls.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("urls cannot be empty");
+        }
+
+        // true means prefer mirror, false means prefer official, null means do not use mirror
+        @Nullable Boolean mirrorFirst;
+        if ("CN".equals(RegionUtils.MACHINE_REGION)) {
+            mirrorFirst = switch (source) {
+                case DEFAULT, MIRROR -> true;
+                case OFFICIAL -> false;
+            };
+        } else {
+            mirrorFirst = switch (source) {
+                case DEFAULT, OFFICIAL -> null;
+                case MIRROR -> true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        if (mirrorFirst == null) {
+            return DownloadCandidates.of(urls.stream().map(DownloadCandidate::of).toArray(DownloadCandidate[]::new));
+        }
+
+        var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>(urls.size() * 3);
+        for (String url : urls) {
+            DownloadCandidate candidate = DownloadCandidate.of(url);
+            if (candidate.url() == null) {
+                // Invalid URL, just add it to the list and let the download task handle it.
+                candidates.add(candidate);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            boolean added = false;
+            for (MirrorRule rule : rules) {
+                @Nullable List<DownloadCandidate> list = rule.getCandidates(candidate, mirrorFirst);
+                if (list != null) {
+                    candidates.addAll(list);
+                    added = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!added)
+                candidates.add(candidate);
+        }
+
+        return DownloadCandidates.of(List.copyOf(candidates));
+    }
+
+    private final Supplier<@Unmodifiable List<String>> mirrorRoots;
+    private final List<MirrorRule> rules;
+
+    public HMCLDownloadProvider(Supplier<@Unmodifiable List<String>> mirrorRoots) {
+        this.mirrorRoots = Objects.requireNonNull(mirrorRoots);
+        this.rules = List.of(
+                new MultiRootRule("https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://bmclapi.bangbang93.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://launchermeta.mojang.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://piston-meta.mojang.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://piston-data.mojang.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://launcher.mojang.com", Function.identity()),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://libraries.minecraft.net", root -> root + "/libraries"),
+                new MultiRootRule("http://files.minecraftforge.net/maven", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://files.minecraftforge.net/maven", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://maven.minecraftforge.net", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                (source, mirrorFirst) -> {
+                    String neoforgedMaven = "https://maven.neoforged.net/";
+                    String neoforgedMavenRelease = "https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/";
+
+                    if (source.url() == null || !source.url().href().startsWith(neoforgedMaven))
+                        return null;
+
+                    var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>();
+                    List<String> roots = mirrorRoots.get();
+
+                    if (source.url().href().startsWith(neoforgedMavenRelease)) {
+                        String suffix = source.url().href().substring(neoforgedMavenRelease.length());
+                        List<DownloadCandidate> mirrors = roots.stream()
+                                .map(root -> DownloadCandidate.of(root + "/maven/" + suffix))
+                                .toList();
+                        if (mirrorFirst) {
+                            candidates.addAll(spreadPrimary(mirrors, source.url().href()));
+                            candidates.add(source);
+                        } else {
+                            candidates.add(source);
+                            candidates.addAll(mirrors);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        candidates.add(source);
+                    }
+
+                    // https://neoforged.forgecdn.net
+                    candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of("https://neoforged.forgecdn.net/" + source.url().href().substring(neoforgedMaven.length())));
+                    return candidates;
+                },
+                new MultiRootRule("http://dl.liteloader.com/versions", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://dl.liteloader.com/versions", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://meta.fabricmc.net", root -> root + "/fabric-meta"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://maven.fabricmc.net", root -> root + "/maven"),
+                new MultiRootRule("https://authlib-injector.yushi.moe", root -> root + "/mirrors/authlib-injector"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://repo1.maven.org/maven2", "https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/nexus/repository/maven-public"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2", "https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/nexus/repository/maven-public"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://hmcl.glavo.site/metadata/cleanroom", "https://alist.8mi.tech/d/mirror/HMCL-Metadata/Auto/cleanroom"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://hmcl.glavo.site/metadata/fmllibs", "https://alist.8mi.tech/d/mirror/HMCL-Metadata/Auto/fmllibs"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://zkitefly.github.io/unlisted-versions-of-minecraft", "https://alist.8mi.tech/d/mirror/unlisted-versions-of-minecraft/Auto"),
+
+                // https://github.com/mcmod-info-mirror/mcim-rust-api
+                new SimpleRule("https://api.modrinth.com", null, "https://mod.mcimirror.top/modrinth"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://cdn.modrinth.com", null, "https://mod.mcimirror.top"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://api.curseforge.com", null, "https://mod.mcimirror.top/curseforge"),
+                new SimpleRule("https://edge.forgecdn.net", null, "https://mod.mcimirror.top")
+        );
+    }
+
+    private String primaryMirrorRoot() {
+        List<String> roots = mirrorRoots.get();
+        return roots.isEmpty() ? "https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com" : roots.get(0);
+    }
+
+    private List<WebURL> mirrorUrls(String suffix) {
+        return mirrorRoots.get().stream()
+                .map(root -> WebURL.parse(root + suffix))
+                .toList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Task<? extends ComponentRemoteVersionList<?>> fetchVersionsAsync(GameComponentType type, @Nullable GameVersionNumber gameVersion) {
+        assert (gameVersion == null) == (type == GameComponentType.GAME);
+        String bmclRoot = primaryMirrorRoot();
+        switch (type) {
+            case FORGE -> {
+                Task<ComponentRemoteVersionList<ForgeRemoteVersion>> fetchOfficial = ForgeRemoteVersion.fetchAsync(this, gameVersion);
+
+                DownloadSource source = versionListSource;
+                if (source == DownloadSource.OFFICIAL) {
+                    return fetchOfficial;
+                }
+
+                Task<ComponentRemoteVersionList<ForgeRemoteVersion>> fetchBMCL = ForgeRemoteVersion.fetchBMCLAsync(this, bmclRoot, gameVersion);
+                if (preferMirror(source)) {
+                    return new FallbackTask<>(fetchBMCL, fetchOfficial);
+                } else {
+                    return new FallbackTask<>(fetchOfficial, fetchBMCL);
+                }
+            }
+            case NEO_FORGE -> {
+                Task<ComponentRemoteVersionList<NeoForgeRemoteVersion>> fetchOfficial = NeoForgeRemoteVersion.fetchAsync(this, gameVersion);
+
+                DownloadSource source = versionListSource;
+                if (source == DownloadSource.OFFICIAL) {
+                    return fetchOfficial;
+                }
+                Task<ComponentRemoteVersionList<NeoForgeRemoteVersion>> fetchBMCL = NeoForgeRemoteVersion.fetchBMCLAsync(bmclRoot, gameVersion);
+                if (preferMirror(source)) {
+                    return new FallbackTask<>(fetchBMCL, fetchOfficial);
+                } else {
+                    return new FallbackTask<>(fetchOfficial, fetchBMCL);
+                }
+            }
+            case OPTIFINE -> {
+                return OptiFineRemoteVersion.fetchBMCLAsync(this, bmclRoot, gameVersion);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return super.fetchVersionsAsync(type, gameVersion);
+    }
+
+    public void setFileSource(DownloadSource fileSource) {
+        this.fileSource = Objects.requireNonNull(fileSource);
+    }
+
+    public void setVersionListSource(DownloadSource versionListSource) {
+        this.versionListSource = Objects.requireNonNull(versionListSource);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HMCLCacheRepository getCacheRepository() {
+        return HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DownloadCandidates getGameVersionListCandidates() {
+        return getCandidates(
+                versionListSource,
+                GameRemoteVersion.VERSION_MANIFEST_URL,
+                mirrorUrls("/mc/game/version_manifest.json")
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FabricLikeVersionListCandidates getFabricVersionListCandidates() {
+        DownloadSource source = versionListSource;
+        return new FabricLikeVersionListCandidates(
+                getCandidates(source, FabricRemoteVersion.LOADER_META_URL, mirrorUrls("/fabric-meta/v2/versions/loader")),
+                getCandidates(source, FabricRemoteVersion.GAME_META_URL, mirrorUrls("/fabric-meta/v2/versions/game"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DownloadCandidates getCleanroomVersionListCandidates() {
+        return "CN".equals(RegionUtils.MACHINE_REGION)
+                ? DownloadCandidates.of(CleanroomRemoteVersion.LOADER_LIST_URL, WebURL.parse("https://alist.8mi.tech/d/mirror/HMCL-Metadata/Auto/cleanroom/index.json"))
+                : DownloadCandidates.of(CleanroomRemoteVersion.LOADER_LIST_URL);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DownloadCandidates getDownloadCandidates(List<String> urls) {
+        return getCandidates(fileSource, rules, urls);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DownloadCandidates getVersionListCandidates(List<String> urls) {
+        return getCandidates(versionListSource, rules, urls);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DownloadCandidates getAssetObjectCandidates(AssetObject assetObject) {
+        String location = assetObject.getLocation();
+        return getCandidates(
+                fileSource,
+                WebURL.parse("https://resources.download.minecraft.net/" + location),
+                mirrorUrls("/assets/" + location)
+        );
+    }
+
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    private static final class FallbackTask<T> extends Task<T> {
+
+        private final Task<? extends T> task;
+        private final Task<? extends T> fallback;
+
+        private List<Task<?>> dependencies = List.of();
+
+        public FallbackTask(Task<? extends T> task, Task<? extends T> fallback) {
+            this.task = task;
+            this.fallback = fallback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Collection<? extends Task<?>> getDependents() {
+            return List.of(task);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isRelyingOnDependents() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void execute() throws Exception {
+            if (isDependentsSucceeded()) {
+                setResult(task.getResult());
+            } else {
+                dependencies = List.of(fallback);
+                fallback.storeTo(this::setResult);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public List<Task<?>> getDependencies() {
+            return dependencies;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    private interface MirrorRule {
+        @Nullable List<DownloadCandidate> getCandidates(DownloadCandidate source, boolean mirrorFirst);
+    }
+
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    private final class MultiRootRule implements MirrorRule {
+        private final String source;
+        private final Function<String, String> rootMapper;
+
+        private MultiRootRule(String source, Function<String, String> rootMapper) {
+            this.source = source;
+            this.rootMapper = rootMapper;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public @Nullable List<DownloadCandidate> getCandidates(DownloadCandidate source, boolean mirrorFirst) {
+            if (source.url() == null || !source.url().href().startsWith(this.source))
+                return null;
+
+            String urlWithoutPrefix = source.url().href().substring(this.source.length());
+            List<DownloadCandidate> mirrors = mirrorRoots.get().stream()
+                    .map(root -> DownloadCandidate.of(rootMapper.apply(root) + urlWithoutPrefix))
+                    .toList();
+
+            var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>(mirrors.size() + 1);
+            if (mirrorFirst) {
+                candidates.addAll(spreadPrimary(mirrors, source.url().href()));
+                candidates.add(source);
+            } else {
+                candidates.add(source);
+                candidates.addAll(mirrors);
+            }
+            return candidates;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    private record SimpleRule(String source, @Nullable String first, @Nullable String fallback) implements MirrorRule {
+        public SimpleRule(String source, String target) {
+            this(source, target, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public @Nullable List<DownloadCandidate> getCandidates(DownloadCandidate source, boolean mirrorFirst) {
+            if (source.url() == null || !source.url().href().startsWith(this.source))
+                return null;
+
+            boolean addSourceFirst = !mirrorFirst || first == null;
+            String urlWithoutPrefix = source.url().href().substring(this.source.length());
+
+            var candidates = new ArrayList<DownloadCandidate>();
+
+            if (addSourceFirst)
+                candidates.add(source);
+
+            if (first != null)
+                candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of(first + urlWithoutPrefix));
+
+            if (!addSourceFirst)
+                candidates.add(source);
+
+            if (fallback != null)
+                candidates.add(DownloadCandidate.of(fallback + urlWithoutPrefix));
+
+            return candidates;
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLCacheRepository.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLDependencyManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultCacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+/// Provides HMCL-specific game builders for an HMCL game repository.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class HMCLDependencyManager extends DefaultDependencyManager {
+    /// Creates a dependency manager for a repository and download context.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository       the associated game repository
+    /// @param downloadProvider the remote download provider
+    /// @param cacheRepository  the artifact cache
+    public HMCLDependencyManager(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            DownloadProvider downloadProvider,
+            DefaultCacheRepository cacheRepository) {
+        super(repository, downloadProvider, cacheRepository);
+    }
+
+    /// {@inheritDoc}
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameRepository getGameRepository() {
+        return (HMCLGameRepository) super.getGameRepository();
+    }
+
+    /// {@inheritDoc}
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameBuilder newGameBuilder(GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        GameInstanceManifest initialManifest = new GameInstanceManifest(instanceId);
+        DefaultGameRepositoryDraft draft = openGameBuilderDraft(initialManifest, null);
+        return new HMCLGameBuilder(this, instanceId, null, draft, initialManifest);
+    }
+
+    /// {@inheritDoc}
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameBuilder newGameBuilder(GameInstance instance) {
+        validateGameInstance(instance);
+        HMCLGameInstance updateTarget = (HMCLGameInstance) instance;
+
+        GameInstanceManifest initialManifest = new GameInstanceManifest(updateTarget.getId());
+        DefaultGameRepositoryDraft draft = openGameBuilderDraft(initialManifest, updateTarget);
+        return new HMCLGameBuilder(
+                this, updateTarget.getId(), updateTarget, draft, initialManifest);
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultGameBuilder;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+/// Builds game instances and applies HMCL-specific post-installation settings.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class HMCLGameBuilder extends DefaultGameBuilder {
+    /// Creates a builder around an HMCL target already reserved by its dependency manager.
+    ///
+    /// @param dependencyManager the dependency manager for the target repository
+    /// @param instanceId        the id of the reserved instance
+    /// @param updateTarget      the exact update target retained by the draft, or `null` for install
+    /// @param draft             the open draft containing `initialManifest`
+    /// @param initialManifest   the empty target manifest retained by `draft`
+    HMCLGameBuilder(
+            HMCLDependencyManager dependencyManager,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId,
+            @Nullable HMCLGameInstance updateTarget,
+            DefaultGameRepositoryDraft draft,
+            GameInstanceManifest initialManifest) {
+        super(dependencyManager, instanceId, updateTarget, draft, initialManifest);
+    }
+
+    /// {@inheritDoc}
+    ///
+    /// When isolation was enabled, persists the corresponding HMCL instance setting so subsequent
+    /// launches use the instance root. A read-only instance retains its existing setting.
+    @Override
+    protected void onInstanceCommitted(DefaultGameInstance instance) {
+        if (isolationEnabled) {
+            ((HMCLGameInstance) instance).enableIsolation();
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameInstance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectPropertyBase;
+import javafx.scene.image.Image;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.mod.ModLoaderType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Contract;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// HMCL-specific game instance that owns instance-local settings and run-directory policy.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class HMCLGameInstance extends DefaultGameInstance {
+
+    /// Whether the instance-local game settings file has already been inspected.
+    private boolean gameSettingsLoaded;
+
+    /// Whether the instance-local game settings file cannot be overwritten safely.
+    private boolean gameSettingsReadOnly;
+
+    /// Cached instance-local game settings, or `null` when none exist after loading.
+    private GameSettings.@Nullable Instance gameSettings;
+
+    /// Creates a registered instance bound to the given repository snapshot.
+    ///
+    /// @param snapshot the repository snapshot that owns this instance
+    /// @param id       the instance id
+    /// @param manifest the stored instance manifest
+    protected HMCLGameInstance(DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot snapshot, GameInstanceID id, GameInstanceManifest manifest) {
+        this(snapshot, id, manifest, (Path) null);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a registered instance with an optional non-conventional manifest path.
+    ///
+    /// @param snapshot     the repository snapshot that owns this instance
+    /// @param id           the instance id
+    /// @param manifest     the stored instance manifest
+    /// @param manifestFile the actual manifest JSON path, or `null` for the layout default
+    protected HMCLGameInstance(
+            DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot snapshot,
+            GameInstanceID id,
+            GameInstanceManifest manifest,
+            @Nullable Path manifestFile) {
+        super(snapshot, id, manifest, manifestFile);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an instance that shares mutable instance-local state with another instance.
+    ///
+    /// Used when the repository clones a snapshot so that settings and the icon property remain
+    /// available on the new wrapper.
+    private HMCLGameInstance(
+            DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot snapshot,
+            GameInstanceID id,
+            GameInstanceManifest manifest,
+            HMCLGameInstance shareState) {
+        super(snapshot, id, manifest, shareState);
+        this.gameSettingsLoaded = shareState.gameSettingsLoaded;
+        this.gameSettingsReadOnly = shareState.gameSettingsReadOnly;
+        this.gameSettings = shareState.gameSettings;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected HMCLGameInstance withNewSnapshot(DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot newSnapshot) {
+        return new HMCLGameInstance(newSnapshot, id, manifest, this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected HMCLGameInstance withManifest(DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot newSnapshot, GameInstanceManifest manifest) {
+        return new HMCLGameInstance(newSnapshot, id, manifest, this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameRepository getRepository() {
+        return (HMCLGameRepository) super.getRepository();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameRepositoryLayout getLayout() {
+        return (HMCLGameRepositoryLayout) super.getLayout();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL modpack configuration file for this instance.
+    ///
+    /// @return the `modpack.cfg` path in the instance root
+    @Override
+    public Path getModpackConfigurationFile() {
+        return getLayout().getModpackConfigurationFile(getId());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this instance has an HMCL modpack configuration file.
+    ///
+    /// @return whether [#getModpackConfigurationFile()] exists
+    public boolean isModpack() {
+        return Files.exists(getModpackConfigurationFile());
+    }
+
+    /// Reads this instance's HMCL modpack configuration.
+    ///
+    /// @return the parsed configuration, or `null` when the file does not exist
+    /// @throws IOException if the configuration cannot be read
+    public @Nullable ModpackConfiguration<?> readModpackConfiguration() throws IOException {
+        Path file = getModpackConfigurationFile();
+        if (Files.notExists(file)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, ModpackConfiguration.class);
+        } catch (JsonParseException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Malformed modpack configuration: " + file, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Path getRunDirectory() {
+        return getRepository().computeRunDirectory(getId(), isModpack(), getSettings());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the loaded instance-local game settings, loading them while this instance is current.
+    ///
+    /// @return the settings, or `null` when no local settings exist after loading
+    public @Nullable GameSettings.Instance getSettings() {
+        ensureGameSettingsLoaded();
+        return gameSettings;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the instance-local game settings, creating an empty settings object when absent.
+    ///
+    /// @return the settings, or `null` when the settings file is read-only and no settings are loaded
+    public @Nullable GameSettings.Instance getSettingsOrCreate() {
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = getSettings();
+        if (setting == null) {
+            setting = createSettings();
+        }
+        return setting;
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves this instance's effective settings against its selected parent preset.
+    ///
+    /// @return the effective settings
+    public GameSettings.Effective getEffectiveSettings() {
+        @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting = getSettings();
+        return GameSettings.resolve(getRepository().getParentGameSettings(setting), setting);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates empty instance-local game settings when none are loaded.
+    ///
+    /// @return the settings, or `null` when settings are read-only or already present in a non-creatable state
+    public @Nullable GameSettings.Instance createSettings() {
+        ensureGameSettingsLoaded();
+        if (gameSettingsReadOnly) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (gameSettings != null) {
+            return gameSettings;
+        }
+        return initSettings(new GameSettings.Instance(), true);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the instance-local game settings file cannot be overwritten safely.
+    ///
+    /// @return whether the settings are loaded in read-only mode
+    public boolean isSettingsReadOnly() {
+        ensureGameSettingsLoaded();
+        return gameSettingsReadOnly;
+    }
+
+    /// Enables instance-local running-directory selection for this instance.
+    ///
+    /// A blank local running directory resolves to the instance root. This operation is idempotent
+    /// and schedules a settings save only when it adds the override. It leaves the instance
+    /// unchanged when its local settings cannot be written safely.
+    public void enableIsolation() {
+        if (isSettingsReadOnly()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting = getSettingsOrCreate();
+        if (setting != null
+                && setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY)) {
+            saveSettings();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites the settings file when this instance still owns its settings.
+    public void forceOverwriteSettings() {
+        ensureGameSettingsLoaded();
+        if (!ownsGameSettings()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = gameSettings;
+        if (setting == null) {
+            setting = new GameSettings.Instance();
+            gameSettings = setting;
+            gameSettingsLoaded = true;
+        }
+
+        boolean installAutoSave = !setting.isSavable();
+        Path file = getGameSettingsFile().toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
+        setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+        setting.setSavable(true);
+        setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+        gameSettingsReadOnly = false;
+        saveSettings();
+        if (installAutoSave) {
+            setting.addListener(a -> saveSettings());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Saves the settings asynchronously when writable and still owned by the current instance.
+    public void saveSettings() {
+        if (gameSettings == null || gameSettingsReadOnly || !ownsGameSettings()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = gameSettings;
+        Path file = getGameSettingsFile().toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to create directory: " + file.getParent(), e);
+        }
+
+        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
+        }
+        FileSaver.save(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
+    }
+
+    /// Saves the settings synchronously when writable and still owned by the current instance.
+    ///
+    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
+    public void saveSettingsSync() throws IOException {
+        if (gameSettings == null || gameSettingsReadOnly || !ownsGameSettings()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = gameSettings;
+        Path file = getGameSettingsFile().toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
+        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
+        }
+        FileUtils.saveSafely(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
+    }
+
+    /// Initializes this instance with the given settings object.
+    ///
+    /// @param setting   the settings to install
+    /// @param allowSave whether the settings may be written back to disk
+    /// @return the installed settings
+    public GameSettings.Instance initSettings(GameSettings.Instance setting, boolean allowSave) {
+        normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(setting);
+        setting.setSavable(allowSave);
+        gameSettingsLoaded = true;
+        gameSettings = setting;
+        setting.iconProperty().addListener(observable -> invalidateIconImage());
+        if (allowSave) {
+            gameSettingsReadOnly = false;
+            setting.addListener(a -> saveSettings());
+        } else {
+            gameSettingsReadOnly = true;
+        }
+        return setting;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a deep copy of the currently loaded settings, or a new settings object that inherits
+    /// the effective parent preset when no local settings exist.
+    ///
+    /// @return a detached copy suitable for installing into another instance
+    public GameSettings.Instance copySettings() {
+        @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting = getSettings();
+        if (setting != null) {
+            return JsonUtils.clone(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, setting, TypeToken.get(GameSettings.Instance.class));
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance copied = new GameSettings.Instance();
+        copied.parentProperty().setValue(
+                getEffectiveSettings().getPreset().idProperty().getValue());
+        return copied;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the first custom icon file found in this instance's root directory.
+    ///
+    /// @return the icon file, or empty when no supported icon file exists
+    public @Nullable Path getIconFile() {
+        for (String extension : FXUtils.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS) {
+            Path file = getInstanceRoot().resolve("icon." + extension);
+            if (Files.exists(file)) {
+                return file;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces this instance's custom icon file.
+    ///
+    /// Existing supported icon files are removed before `iconFile` is copied.
+    ///
+    /// @param iconFile the source icon file
+    /// @throws IOException              if the icon cannot be copied
+    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file extension is unsupported
+    public void setIconFile(Path iconFile) throws IOException {
+        String extension = FileUtils.getExtension(iconFile).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        if (!FXUtils.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS.contains(extension)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported icon file: " + extension);
+        }
+
+        clearIconFiles();
+        FileUtils.copyFile(iconFile, getInstanceRoot().resolve("icon." + extension));
+        invalidateIconImage();
+    }
+
+    /// Deletes all supported custom icon files for this instance.
+    ///
+    /// Individual deletion failures are logged and do not stop later files from being attempted.
+    public void deleteIconFile() {
+        clearIconFiles();
+        invalidateIconImage();
+    }
+
+    private void clearIconFiles() {
+        for (String extension : FXUtils.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS) {
+            Path file = getInstanceRoot().resolve("icon." + extension);
+            try {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(file);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to delete instance icon file: " + file, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Soft-cached icon image for this instance id.
+    ///
+    /// Shared across COW snapshot wrappers. The computed [Image] is retained only via a
+    /// [WeakReference], so it can be reclaimed under memory pressure when nothing else holds it.
+    private @Nullable WeakCachedIconImageProperty iconImage;
+
+    /// Returns the observable icon image for this instance.
+    ///
+    /// The image is stored in a [WeakReference] cache: when nothing else strongly references it
+    /// (for example no UI node is displaying it), the JVM may reclaim the [Image] under memory
+    /// pressure. The next [#getIconImage] reloads it.
+    ///
+    /// @return the icon image property
+    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<Image> iconImageProperty() {
+        if (iconImage == null) {
+            iconImage = new WeakCachedIconImageProperty();
+        }
+        return iconImage;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the icon image selected for this instance.
+    ///
+    /// Equivalent to [ReadOnlyObjectProperty#get()] on [#iconImageProperty].
+    ///
+    /// @return the selected or derived icon image
+    public Image getIconImage() {
+        return iconImageProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    /// Drops the soft-cached icon image and notifies observers.
+    public void invalidateIconImage() {
+        ((WeakCachedIconImageProperty) iconImageProperty()).invalidate();
+    }
+
+    /// Soft-cached read-only icon property compatible with JavaFX versions before 19.
+    private final class WeakCachedIconImageProperty extends ReadOnlyObjectPropertyBase<Image> {
+        private @Nullable WeakReference<Image> cache;
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getBean() {
+            return HMCLGameInstance.this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getName() {
+            return "iconImage";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Image get() {
+            WeakReference<Image> current = cache;
+            Image image = current != null ? current.get() : null;
+            if (image != null) {
+                return image;
+            }
+
+            image = computeIconImage();
+            cache = new WeakReference<>(image);
+            return image;
+        }
+
+        /// Computes the icon image from settings, custom files, and the launch manifest.
+        ///
+        /// @return the selected or derived icon image
+        private Image computeIconImage() {
+            @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting = getSettings();
+            GameInstanceIconType iconType = setting != null
+                    ? Lang.requireNonNullElse(setting.iconProperty().getValue(), GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT)
+                    : GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT;
+            if (iconType != GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT) {
+                return iconType.getIcon();
+            }
+
+            @Nullable Path iconFile = getIconFile();
+            if (iconFile != null) {
+                try {
+                    return FXUtils.loadImage(iconFile, 64, 64, true, true);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to load instance icon for " + getId(), e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (ModLoaderType modLoader : getModLoaders()) {
+                return GameInstanceIconType.getIconType(modLoader).getIcon();
+            }
+
+            if (hasComponent(GameComponentType.OPTIFINE))
+                return GameInstanceIconType.OPTIFINE.getIcon();
+
+            GameVersionNumber version = getVersion();
+            if (version instanceof GameVersionNumber.LegacySnapshot
+                    || version.isAprilFools()
+                    || version instanceof GameVersionNumber.Release release && release.getEaType() != GameVersionNumber.Release.ReleaseType.GA)
+                return GameInstanceIconType.COMMAND.getIcon();
+            else if (version instanceof GameVersionNumber.Old)
+                return GameInstanceIconType.CRAFT_TABLE.getIcon();
+            else
+                return GameInstanceIconType.GRASS.getIcon();
+        }
+
+        /// Clears the weak cache and notifies listeners.
+        void invalidate() {
+            cache = null;
+            fireValueChangedEvent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the marker indicating that the most recent launch ended abnormally.
+    public void markLaunchedAbnormally() {
+        try {
+            Files.createFile(getInstanceRoot().resolve(".abnormal"));
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Deletes the abnormal-launch marker when present.
+    ///
+    /// @return whether a regular marker file was present
+    public boolean unmarkLaunchedAbnormally() {
+        Path file = getInstanceRoot().resolve(".abnormal");
+        if (!Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Files.delete(file);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to delete abnormal launch marker: " + file, e);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// Loads settings once while this object is the repository's current instance.
+    private void ensureGameSettingsLoaded() {
+        if (!gameSettingsLoaded && getRepository().findInstance(id) == this) {
+            loadGameSettings();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this instance still owns the settings object used by the current snapshot.
+    private boolean ownsGameSettings() {
+        @Nullable HMCLGameInstance current = getRepository().findInstance(id);
+        boolean owns = current == this
+                || current != null && gameSettings != null && current.gameSettings == gameSettings;
+        if (!owns && gameSettings != null) {
+            gameSettings.setSavable(false);
+        }
+        return owns;
+    }
+
+    private void loadGameSettings() {
+        gameSettingsLoaded = true;
+        LoadResult result = loadGameSettingsFile(getGameSettingsFile());
+        if (result.setting() != null) {
+            initSettings(result.setting(), result.allowSave());
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!result.allowSave()) {
+            gameSettingsReadOnly = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyParent = getRepository().getGameDirectory().getLegacyGameSettings();
+        if (SettingsManager.getGameSettings(legacyParent) == null) {
+            legacyParent = null;
+        }
+
+        LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.InstanceMigrationResult migrationResult =
+                LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.migrateInstanceGameSettings(
+                        getRepository(), id, legacyParent);
+        if (migrationResult != null) {
+            initSettings(migrationResult.setting(), true);
+            try {
+                saveSettingsSync();
+                migrationResult.saveReceipt();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to save migrated instance game settings for " + id, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Path getGameSettingsFile() {
+        return getLayout().getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id);
+    }
+
+    public LaunchOptions.Builder getLaunchOptions(
+            JavaRuntime javaRuntime,
+            Path javaExecutable,
+            Path gameDir,
+            List<String> javaAgents,
+            List<String> javaArguments,
+            boolean makeLaunchScript) {
+        GameSettings.Effective vs = getEffectiveSettings();
+        boolean noJVMOptions = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty);
+        boolean autoMemory = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty);
+        GameVersionNumber gameVersionNumber = getVersion();
+
+        @Nullable Integer maxMemory;
+        if (autoMemory) {
+            maxMemory = noJVMOptions
+                    ? null
+                    : Math.toIntExact(HMCLGameRepository.getAutoAllocatedMemory(
+                            SystemInfo.getPhysicalMemoryStatus(),
+                            javaRuntime.getPlatform()) / 1024L / 1024L);
+        } else {
+            maxMemory = vs.getMaxMemory();
+        }
+
+        LaunchOptions.Builder builder = new LaunchOptions.Builder()
+                .setInstanceId(getId())
+                .setGameDir(gameDir)
+                .setJava(javaRuntime)
+                .setJavaExecutable(javaExecutable)
+                .setVersionType(Metadata.TITLE)
+                .setVersionName(getId().id())
+                .setProfileName(Metadata.TITLE)
+                .setGameArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::gameArgumentsProperty)))
+                .setOverrideJavaArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::jvmOptionsProperty)))
+                .setMaxMemory(maxMemory)
+                .setMinMemory(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::minMemoryProperty))
+                .setMetaspace(Lang.toIntOrNull(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::permSizeProperty)))
+                .setEnvironmentVariables(
+                        Lang.mapOf(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::environmentVariablesProperty))
+                                .stream()
+                                .map(it -> {
+                                    int idx = it.indexOf('=');
+                                    return idx >= 0 ? pair(it.substring(0, idx), it.substring(idx + 1)) : pair(it, "");
+                                })
+                                .collect(Collectors.toList())
+                        )
+                )
+                .setWidth(vs.getWidth())
+                .setHeight(vs.getHeight())
+                .setFullscreen(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::windowTypeProperty) == GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN)
+                .setWrapper(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::commandWrapperProperty))
+                .setProxyOption(getProxyOption())
+                .setPreLaunchCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::preLaunchCommandProperty))
+                .setPostExitCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::postExitCommandProperty))
+                .setNoGeneratedJVMArgs(noJVMOptions)
+                .setNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty))
+                .setUseCustomNatives(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty))
+                .setNativesDir(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::nativesDirectoryProperty))
+                .setProcessPriority(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::processPriorityProperty))
+                .setGraphicsBackend(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::graphicsBackendProperty))
+                .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer(gameVersionNumber))
+                .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::enableDebugLogOutputProperty))
+                .setAllowAutoAgent(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty))
+                .setDisableAutoGameOptions(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::disableAutoGameOptionsProperty))
+                .setUseNativeGLFWorSDL(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeGLFWorSDLProperty))
+                .setUseNativeOpenAL(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeOpenALProperty))
+                .setUseHighPerformanceGPU(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::highPerformanceProperty))
+                .setDaemon(!makeLaunchScript && vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty).isDaemon())
+                .setJavaAgents(javaAgents)
+                .setJavaArguments(javaArguments);
+
+        QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption = vs.getQuickPlayOption();
+        if (quickPlayOption != null) {
+            builder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
+        }
+
+        Path json = getModpackConfigurationFile();
+        if (Files.exists(json)) {
+            try {
+                String jsonText = Files.readString(json);
+                ModpackConfiguration<?> modpackConfiguration = JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(jsonText, ModpackConfiguration.class);
+                ModpackProvider provider = ModpackHelper.getProviderByType(modpackConfiguration.getType());
+                if (provider != null) provider.injectLaunchOptions(jsonText, builder);
+            } catch (IOException | JsonParseException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to parse modpack configuration file " + json, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (autoMemory && builder.getJavaArguments().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.startsWith("-Xmx")))
+            builder.setMaxMemory(null);
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    private static ProxyOption getProxyOption() {
+        return switch (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get()) {
+            case SYSTEM -> ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+            case DIRECT -> ProxyOption.Direct.INSTANCE;
+            case HTTP, SOCKS -> {
+                String proxyHost = settings().proxyHostProperty().get();
+                int proxyPort = settings().proxyPortProperty().get();
+
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyHost) || proxyPort < 0 || proxyPort > 0xFFFF) {
+                    yield ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+                }
+
+                String proxyUser = settings().proxyUserProperty().get();
+                String proxyPass = settings().proxyPasswordProperty().get();
+
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyUser)) {
+                    proxyUser = null;
+                    proxyPass = null;
+                } else if (proxyPass == null) {
+                    proxyPass = "";
+                }
+
+                if (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get() == ProxyType.HTTP) {
+                    yield new ProxyOption.Http(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
+                } else {
+                    yield new ProxyOption.Socks(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Loads a new-format instance game settings file.
+    private static LoadResult loadGameSettingsFile(Path file) {
+        if (!Files.exists(file)) {
+            return new LoadResult(null, true);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, file, JsonObject.class);
+            if (jsonObject == null) {
+                LOG.warning("Instance game settings are empty: " + file);
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                return new LoadResult(fallback, true);
+            }
+
+            JsonSchema.CompatibilityResult schemaResult =
+                    JsonSchema.check(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+            switch (schemaResult.status()) {
+                case MISSING -> LOG.warning("Missing schema in instance game settings: " + file);
+                case INVALID -> LOG.warning("Invalid schema in instance game settings: %s, Actual: %s".formatted(file, schemaResult.invalidValue()));
+                case UNPARSEABLE -> LOG.warning("Unparseable schema in instance game settings: %s, Actual: %s".formatted(file, schemaResult.actual()));
+                case UNEXPECTED_ID -> LOG.warning("Unexpected instance game settings schema. Expected: %s, Actual: %s".formatted(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA, schemaResult.actual()));
+                case UNSUPPORTED_MAJOR, READ_ONLY_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> LOG.warning("Unsupported instance game settings schema. Expected: %s, Actual: %s".formatted(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA, schemaResult.actual()));
+                case READ_WRITE, READ_WRITE_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> {
+                }
+            }
+            if (!schemaResult.readable()) {
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                fallback.setSavable(false);
+                return new LoadResult(fallback, false);
+            }
+
+            GameSettings.@Nullable Instance setting =
+                    LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.fromJson(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.class);
+            if (setting == null) {
+                LOG.warning("Instance game settings deserialized to null: " + file);
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
+                return new LoadResult(fallback, true);
+            }
+            if (!schemaResult.preserveSchema() && !GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA.equals(setting.getSchema())) {
+                setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+            }
+            return new LoadResult(setting, schemaResult.allowSave());
+        } catch (JsonParseException ex) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to parse game setting " + file, ex);
+            GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+            fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
+            return new LoadResult(fallback, true);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to load game setting " + file, ex);
+            return new LoadResult(null, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Keeps old local custom running directories effective under the new source-selection model.
+    private static void normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(GameSettings.Instance setting) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(setting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue())) {
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Result of loading an instance-specific game settings file.
+    ///
+    /// @param setting   the loaded instance settings, or `null` when unavailable
+    /// @param allowSave whether the file may be overwritten
+    private record LoadResult(@Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting, boolean allowSave) {
+    }
+
+    /// Optional reference to an HMCL game instance bound to a repository.
+    ///
+    /// Replaces the former `(repository, instanceId)` pair for UI and service context that may or
+    /// may not have a selected instance. When present, [#instance()] is a snapshot member and may
+    /// become stale after the repository publishes a new snapshot; call [#refreshed()] to re-resolve
+    /// from the current snapshot while preserving repository context.
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    public static final class Optional {
+        private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
+        private final @Nullable HMCLGameInstance instance;
+
+        /// Creates an empty optional bound only to a repository.
+        ///
+        /// @param repository the repository
+        public Optional(HMCLGameRepository repository) {
+            this.repository = Objects.requireNonNull(repository);
+            this.instance = null;
+        }
+
+        /// Creates an optional that holds the given instance.
+        ///
+        /// @param instance the instance
+        public Optional(HMCLGameInstance instance) {
+            this.repository = instance.getRepository();
+            this.instance = instance;
+        }
+
+        /// Creates an optional by resolving `instanceId` from the repository's current snapshot.
+        ///
+        /// @param repository the repository
+        /// @param instanceId the instance id, or `null` for an empty optional
+        /// @return an optional that is empty when `instanceId` is null or not registered
+        public static Optional of(HMCLGameRepository repository, @Nullable GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+            if (instanceId == null) {
+                return new Optional(repository);
+            }
+            HMCLGameInstance instance = repository.findInstance(instanceId);
+            return instance != null ? new Optional(instance) : new Optional(repository);
+        }
+
+        /// Creates an optional that holds the given instance.
+        ///
+        /// @param instance the instance
+        /// @return the optional
+        public static Optional of(HMCLGameInstance instance) {
+            return new Optional(instance);
+        }
+
+        /// Creates an empty optional bound only to a repository.
+        ///
+        /// @param repository the repository
+        /// @return the empty optional
+        public static Optional empty(HMCLGameRepository repository) {
+            return new Optional(repository);
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the repository associated with this optional.
+        ///
+        /// @return the repository
+        public HMCLGameRepository repository() {
+            return repository;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the held instance, if any.
+        ///
+        /// @return the instance, or `null` when empty
+        @Contract(pure = true)
+        public @Nullable HMCLGameInstance instance() {
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the held instance id, if any.
+        ///
+        /// @return the instance id, or `null` when empty
+        @Contract(pure = true)
+        public @Nullable GameInstanceID instanceId() {
+            return instance != null ? instance.getId() : null;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns whether an instance is present.
+        ///
+        /// @return whether [#instance()] is non-null
+        public boolean isPresent() {
+            return instance != null;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns whether no instance is present.
+        ///
+        /// @return whether [#instance()] is null
+        public boolean isEmpty() {
+            return instance == null;
+        }
+
+        /// Re-resolves the held instance id from the repository's current snapshot.
+        ///
+        /// @return this optional when empty; otherwise a fresh optional for the same id
+        public Optional refreshed() {
+            if (instance == null) {
+                return this;
+            }
+            return of(repository, instance.getId());
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameLauncher.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -42,16 +27,27 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
  */
 public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
 
-    public HMCLGameLauncher(GameRepository repository, Version version, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions options) {
-        this(repository, version, authInfo, options, null);
+    /// Creates a launcher with daemon process monitors.
+    ///
+    /// @param instance the instance being launched
+    /// @param manifest the effective launch-time manifest
+    /// @param authInfo authentication information for the game process
+    /// @param options  launch options
+    /// @param listener process listener, or `null` to inherit IO
+    public HMCLGameLauncher(GameInstance instance, GameInstanceManifest manifest, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions options, ProcessListener listener) {
+        this(instance, manifest, authInfo, options, listener, true);
     }
 
-    public HMCLGameLauncher(GameRepository repository, Version version, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions options, ProcessListener listener) {
-        this(repository, version, authInfo, options, listener, true);
-    }
-
-    public HMCLGameLauncher(GameRepository repository, Version version, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions options, ProcessListener listener, boolean daemon) {
-        super(repository, version, authInfo, options, listener, daemon);
+    /// Creates a launcher for the given instance and launch plan.
+    ///
+    /// @param instance the instance being launched
+    /// @param manifest the effective launch-time manifest
+    /// @param authInfo authentication information for the game process
+    /// @param options  launch options
+    /// @param listener process listener, or `null` to inherit IO
+    /// @param daemon   whether monitors should be daemon threads
+    public HMCLGameLauncher(GameInstance instance, GameInstanceManifest manifest, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions options, ProcessListener listener, boolean daemon) {
+        super(instance, manifest, authInfo, options, listener, daemon);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
         if (options.isDisableAutoGameOptions())
             return;
 
-        Path runDir = repository.getRunDirectory(version.getId());
+        Path runDir = instance.getRunDirectory();
         Path optionsFile = runDir.resolve("options.txt");
         Path configFolder = runDir.resolve("config");
 
@@ -91,8 +87,14 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
          *  1.11 ~ 1.12 : zh_cn works fine, zh_CN will display Chinese but the language setting will incorrectly show English as selected
          *  1.13+       : zh_cn works fine, zh_CN will automatically switch to English
          */
-        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(repository.getGameVersion(version));
-        if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.1") < 0)
+        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = instance.getVersion();
+        if (gameVersion == GameVersionNumber.unknown() || gameVersion.compareTo("1.1") < 0)
+            return;
+
+        // These snapshots lack the external language resources needed for non-English locales.
+        // Selecting an unavailable language causes a NullPointerException during startup.
+        if (gameVersion instanceof GameVersionNumber.LegacySnapshot
+                && gameVersion.compareTo("13w16a") >= 0 && gameVersion.compareTo("13w23b") <= 0)
             return;
 
         String lang = normalizedLanguageTag(locale, gameVersion);
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
         if (options.isAllowAutoAgent()
                 && !options.isNoGeneratedJVMArgs()
                 && !options.isNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs()
-                && NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version, options.getJava().getParsedVersion())) {
+                && NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(manifest, options.getJava().getParsedVersion())) {
             LOG.info("Attempting to patch game with lwjgl-unsafe-agent");
             try {
                 result.add("-javaagent:" + extractLwjglUnsafeAgent());
@@ -178,9 +180,9 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
         }
 
         Library library = new Library(new Artifact("org.glavo", "lwjgl-unsafe-agent", agentVersion));
-        String fileName = library.getArtifact().getFileName();
+        String fileName = library.artifact().getFileName();
 
-        Path agentPath = repository.getLibraryFile(version, library).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        Path agentPath = instance.getLayout().getLibraryFile(instance.getId(), library).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
         if (agentPath.toString().contains("=")) {
             throw new IOException("Invalid library path: " + agentPath);
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameRepositoryLayout.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class HMCLGameRepositoryLayout extends DefaultGameRepositoryLayout {
+    /// Directory under the instance root that stores HMCL-managed instance metadata.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY = ".hmcl";
+
+    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance configuration files.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY = "config";
+
+    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance state files.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY = "state";
+
+    /// Current file name for instance-specific game settings.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME = "instance-game-settings.json";
+
+    public HMCLGameRepositoryLayout(Path baseDirectory) {
+        super(baseDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed metadata directory under the instance root.
+    ///
+    /// This directory stores instance-scoped files owned by HMCL.
+    public Path getInstanceMetadataDirectory(GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        return getInstanceRoot(instanceId).resolve(INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed configuration directory under the instance metadata directory.
+    public Path getInstanceConfigDirectory(GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(instanceId).resolve(INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed state directory under the instance metadata directory.
+    public Path getInstanceStateDirectory(GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(instanceId).resolve(INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current local game settings path under the instance configuration directory.
+    public Path getInstanceGameSettingsFile(GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        return getInstanceConfigDirectory(instanceId).resolve(INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME);
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/// HMCL repository snapshot, parallel to [HMCLGameInstance] in the instance hierarchy.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public class HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot extends DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot {
+    /// Creates an empty unsealed HMCL snapshot.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository the owning repository
+    /// @param layout     the HMCL layout for this snapshot
+    public HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot(HMCLGameRepository repository, HMCLGameRepositoryLayout layout) {
+        super(repository, layout);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameRepository getRepository() {
+        return (HMCLGameRepository) super.getRepository();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HMCLGameRepositoryLayout getLayout() {
+        return (HMCLGameRepositoryLayout) super.getLayout();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot newEmpty() {
+        return new HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot(getRepository(), getLayout());
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public Collection<HMCLGameInstance> getInstances() {
+        return (Collection<HMCLGameInstance>) super.getInstances();
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLModpackInstallTask.java

@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.GameBuilder;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.MinecraftInstanceTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
@@ -27,53 +12,110 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackInstallTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 
+/// Installs or updates an HMCL modpack by rebuilding its recognized game components.
+@NotNullByDefault
 public final class HMCLModpackInstallTask extends Task<Void> {
     private final Path zipFile;
-    private final String name;
+    private final GameInstanceID instanceId;
+
+    /// Existing instance selecting update mode, or `null` for a new installation.
+    private final @Nullable DefaultGameInstance updateTarget;
+
     private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
     private final DefaultDependencyManager dependency;
     private final Modpack modpack;
     private final List<Task<?>> dependencies = new ArrayList<>(1);
     private final List<Task<?>> dependents = new ArrayList<>(4);
 
-    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack, String name) {
+    /// Creates a task that installs a new HMCL modpack instance.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository the target HMCL game repository
+    /// @param zipFile    the HMCL modpack archive
+    /// @param modpack    the parsed modpack metadata
+    /// @param instanceId the id of the new instance
+    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            Path zipFile,
+            Modpack modpack,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId) {
+        this(repository, zipFile, modpack, instanceId, null);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a task that updates an existing HMCL modpack instance.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository the target HMCL game repository
+    /// @param zipFile    the HMCL modpack archive
+    /// @param modpack    the parsed modpack metadata
+    /// @param instance   the existing instance to update
+    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if `instance` belongs to another repository, has no
+    ///                                  modpack configuration, or records another provider type
+    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            Path zipFile,
+            Modpack modpack,
+            DefaultGameInstance instance) {
+        this(repository, zipFile, modpack, instance.getId(), instance);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an HMCL modpack task in the mode selected by `updateTarget`.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository   the target HMCL game repository
+    /// @param zipFile      the HMCL modpack archive
+    /// @param modpack      the parsed modpack metadata
+    /// @param instanceId   the target instance id
+    /// @param updateTarget the existing instance selecting update mode, or `null` for install
+    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if an update target belongs to another repository or has
+    ///                                  no compatible configuration
+    private HMCLModpackInstallTask(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            Path zipFile,
+            Modpack modpack,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId,
+            @Nullable DefaultGameInstance updateTarget) {
         this.repository = repository;
         this.dependency = repository.getDependency();
         this.zipFile = zipFile;
-        this.name = name;
+        this.instanceId = instanceId;
+        this.updateTarget = updateTarget;
         this.modpack = modpack;
+        if (this.updateTarget != null) {
+            dependency.validateGameInstance(this.updateTarget);
+        }
 
-        Path run = repository.getRunDirectory(name);
-        Path json = repository.getModpackConfiguration(name);
-        if (repository.hasVersion(name) && Files.notExists(json))
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Version " + name + " already exists");
+        Path run = repository.getLayout().getInstanceRoot(this.instanceId);
+        Path json = repository.getLayout().getModpackConfigurationFile(this.instanceId);
+        if (this.updateTarget != null && Files.notExists(json))
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Instance " + instanceId + " is not a HMCL modpack. Cannot update this instance.");
 
-        dependents.add(dependency.gameBuilder().name(name).gameVersion(modpack.getGameVersion()).buildAsync());
-
-        onDone().register(event -> {
-            if (event.isFailed()) repository.removeVersionFromDisk(name);
-        });
-
-        ModpackConfiguration<Modpack> config = null;
+        @Nullable ModpackConfiguration<Modpack> config = null;
         try {
-            if (Files.exists(json)) {
+            if (this.updateTarget != null && Files.exists(json)) {
                 config = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(json, ModpackConfiguration.typeOf(Modpack.class));
 
-                if (!HMCLModpackProvider.INSTANCE.getName().equals(config.getType()))
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Version " + name + " is not a HMCL modpack. Cannot update this version.");
+                if (config == null || !HMCLModpackProvider.INSTANCE.getName().equals(config.getType()))
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Instance " + instanceId + " is not a HMCL modpack. Cannot update this instance.");
             }
         } catch (JsonParseException | IOException ignore) {
         }
-        dependents.add(new ModpackInstallTask<>(zipFile, run, modpack.getEncoding(), Collections.singletonList("/minecraft"), it -> !"pack.json".equals(it), config));
-        dependents.add(new MinecraftInstanceTask<>(zipFile, modpack.getEncoding(), Collections.singletonList("/minecraft"), modpack, HMCLModpackProvider.INSTANCE, modpack.getName(), modpack.getVersion(), repository.getModpackConfiguration(name)).withStage("hmcl.modpack"));
+
+        onDone().register(event -> {
+            if (this.updateTarget == null && event.isFailed()) {
+                repository.removeInstanceFromDisk(this.instanceId);
+            }
+        });
+
+        dependents.add(new ModpackInstallTask<>(zipFile, run, List.of("/minecraft"), it -> !"pack.json".equals(it), config));
+        dependents.add(new MinecraftInstanceTask<>(zipFile, List.of("/minecraft"), modpack, HMCLModpackProvider.INSTANCE, modpack.getName(), modpack.getVersion(), repository.getLayout().getModpackConfigurationFile(this.instanceId)).withStage("hmcl.modpack"));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -86,20 +128,43 @@ public final class HMCLModpackInstallTask extends Task<Void> {
         return dependents;
     }
 
+    /// Reads the legacy pack manifest and schedules one builder for all recognized components.
+    ///
+    /// The pack manifest is used only for component detection. The builder creates a new
+    /// patch-structured manifest instead of attempting to mutate the legacy flattened manifest.
     @Override
     public void execute() throws Exception {
         String json = CompressingUtils.readTextZipEntry(zipFile, "minecraft/pack.json");
-        Version originalVersion = JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(json, Version.class).setId(name).setJar(null);
-        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(originalVersion, null);
-        Task<Version> libraryTask = Task.supplyAsync(() -> originalVersion);
-        // reinstall libraries
-        // libraries of Forge and OptiFine should be obtained by installation.
-        for (LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryMark mark : analyzer) {
-            if (LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.MINECRAFT.getPatchId().equals(mark.getLibraryId()))
-                continue;
-            libraryTask = libraryTask.thenComposeAsync(version -> dependency.installLibraryAsync(modpack.getGameVersion(), version, mark.getLibraryId(), mark.getLibraryVersion()));
-        }
+        GameInstanceManifest originalManifest = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(json, GameInstanceManifest.class)
+                .withId(instanceId)
+                .withJar(null);
+        GameComponentAnalyzer analyzer = GameComponentAnalyzer.analyze(originalManifest, null);
 
-        dependencies.add(libraryTask.thenComposeAsync(repository::saveAsync));
+        try (GameBuilder builder = updateTarget == null
+                ? dependency.newGameBuilder(instanceId)
+                : dependency.newGameBuilder(updateTarget)) {
+            builder.enableIsolation();
+
+            String gameVersion = modpack.getGameVersion();
+            builder.component(GameComponentType.GAME, gameVersion);
+            for (GameComponentAnalyzer.Mark mark : analyzer) {
+                if (mark.componentType() == GameComponentType.GAME) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                @Nullable String componentVersion = mark.version();
+                if (componentVersion != null) {
+                    if (mark.componentType() == GameComponentType.OPTIFINE) {
+                        Matcher matcher = GameComponentAnalyzer.OPTIFINE_VERSION_PATTERN.matcher(componentVersion);
+                        if (matcher.matches()) {
+                            componentVersion = matcher.group("optifine");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    builder.component(mark.componentType(), componentVersion);
+                }
+            }
+            dependencies.add(builder.buildAsync());
+        }
     }
+
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLModpackManifest.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackManifest;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLModpackProvider.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2022  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2022 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
@@ -28,10 +13,11 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
     public static final HMCLModpackProvider INSTANCE = new HMCLModpackProvider();
@@ -42,12 +28,17 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Task<?> createCompletionTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, String version) {
+    public @Nullable Task<?> createCompletionTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, DefaultGameInstance instance) {
         return null;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Task<?> createUpdateTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, String name, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack) throws MismatchedModpackTypeException {
+    public Task<?> createUpdateTask(
+            DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager,
+            DefaultGameInstance instance,
+            Path zipFile,
+            Modpack modpack,
+            @Nullable Set<String> excludedFiles) throws MismatchedModpackTypeException {
         if (!(modpack.getManifest() instanceof HMCLModpackManifest))
             throw new MismatchedModpackTypeException(getName(), modpack.getManifest().getProvider().getName());
 
@@ -55,29 +46,34 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("HMCLModpackProvider requires HMCLGameRepository");
         }
 
-        return new ModpackUpdateTask(dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), name, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(repository, zipFile, modpack, name));
+        return new ModpackUpdateTask(instance, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(repository, zipFile, modpack, instance));
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Modpack readManifest(ZipArchiveReader file, Path path, Charset encoding) throws IOException, JsonParseException {
+    public Modpack readManifest(ZipArchiveReader file, Path path) throws IOException, JsonParseException {
         String manifestJson = CompressingUtils.readTextZipEntry(file, "modpack.json");
-        Modpack manifest = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(manifestJson, HMCLModpack.class).setEncoding(encoding);
+        Modpack manifest = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(manifestJson, HMCLModpack.class);
         String gameJson = CompressingUtils.readTextZipEntry(file, "minecraft/pack.json");
-        Version game = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(gameJson, Version.class);
-        if (game.getJar() == null)
+        GameInstanceManifest game = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(gameJson, GameInstanceManifest.class);
+        if (game.jar() == null)
             if (StringUtils.isBlank(manifest.getVersion()))
                 throw new JsonParseException("Cannot recognize the game version of modpack " + file + ".");
             else
                 manifest.setManifest(HMCLModpackManifest.INSTANCE);
         else
-            manifest.setManifest(HMCLModpackManifest.INSTANCE).setGameVersion(game.getJar());
+            manifest.setManifest(HMCLModpackManifest.INSTANCE).setGameVersion(game.jar().id());
         return manifest;
     }
 
     private final static class HMCLModpack extends Modpack {
         @Override
-        public Task<?> getInstallTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, Path zipFile, String name, String iconUrl) {
-            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), zipFile, this, name);
+        public Task<?> getInstallTask(
+                DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager,
+                Path zipFile,
+                GameInstanceID instanceId,
+                String iconUrl,
+                @Nullable Set<String> excludedFiles) {
+            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), zipFile, this, instanceId);
         }
     }
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXButton;
@@ -25,8 +10,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorDownloadException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.OfflineAccount;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.MaintainTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
@@ -34,15 +17,14 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackCompletionException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LauncherVisibility;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.MessageDialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.MessageDialogPane.MessageType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.MessageDialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.PromptDialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.TaskExecutorDialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
@@ -50,20 +32,21 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ResponseCodeException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinReg;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.*;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@@ -82,9 +65,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
 
     private static final String LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP = "lwjgl3.4.1-ffm";
 
-    private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
+    private final HMCLGameInstance gameInstance;
     private Account account;
-    private final String selectedVersion;
     private Path scriptFile;
     private final GameSettings.Effective setting;
     private LauncherVisibility launcherVisibility;
@@ -92,14 +74,21 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
     private QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption;
     private boolean disableOfflineSkin = false;
 
-    public LauncherHelper(HMCLGameRepository repository, Account account, String selectedVersion) {
-        this.repository = Objects.requireNonNull(repository);
+    public LauncherHelper(HMCLGameInstance gameInstance, Account account) {
+        this.gameInstance = Objects.requireNonNull(gameInstance);
         this.account = Objects.requireNonNull(account);
-        this.selectedVersion = Objects.requireNonNull(selectedVersion);
-        this.setting = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(selectedVersion);
+        this.setting = gameInstance.getEffectiveSettings();
         this.launcherVisibility = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty);
         this.showLogs = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::showLogsProperty);
-        this.launchingStepsPane.setTitle(i18n("version.launch"));
+        this.launchingStepsPane.setTitle(i18n("instance.launch"));
+    }
+
+    public HMCLGameInstance getGameInstance() {
+        return gameInstance;
+    }
+
+    private HMCLGameRepository repository() {
+        return gameInstance.getRepository();
     }
 
     private final TaskExecutorDialogPane launchingStepsPane = new TaskExecutorDialogPane(TaskCancellationAction.NORMAL);
@@ -132,7 +121,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
     public void launch() {
         FXUtils.checkFxUserThread();
 
-        LOG.info("Launching game version: " + selectedVersion);
+        LOG.info("Launching game instance: " + gameInstance.getId());
 
         Controllers.dialog(launchingStepsPane);
         launch0();
@@ -143,48 +132,72 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
         launch();
     }
 
+    /// Builds and executes the launch pipeline for the captured game instance.
+    @SuppressWarnings("NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField")
     private void launch0() {
         // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/4121
         PROCESSES.removeIf(it -> it.get() == null);
 
+        final var context = new Object() {
+            volatile GameInstanceManifest launchManifest;
+            volatile JavaRuntime javaRuntime;
+            volatile Path javaExecutable;
+        };
+
+        HMCLGameRepository repository = repository();
         DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = repository.getDependency();
-        AtomicReference<Version> version = new AtomicReference<>(MaintainTask.maintain(repository, repository.getResolvedVersion(selectedVersion)));
-        Optional<String> gameVersion = repository.getGameVersion(version.get());
-        boolean integrityCheck = repository.unmarkVersionLaunchedAbnormally(selectedVersion);
+        boolean integrityCheck = gameInstance.unmarkLaunchedAbnormally();
         CountDownLatch launchingLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         List<String> javaAgents = new ArrayList<>(0);
         List<String> javaArguments = new ArrayList<>(0);
 
-        AtomicReference<JavaRuntime> javaVersionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        // Resolve already deduplicated libraries; apply loader-specific argument repairs for this launch.
+        context.launchManifest = LaunchManifestNormalizer.repairForLaunch(gameInstance.getResolvedManifest());
 
-        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(repository, setting, version.get())
+        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(gameInstance, setting, context.launchManifest)
                 .thenComposeAsync(java -> {
-                    javaVersionRef.set(Objects.requireNonNull(java));
-                    version.set(NativePatcher.patchNative(repository, version.get(), gameVersion.orElse(null), java, setting, javaArguments));
+                    context.javaRuntime = Objects.requireNonNull(java);
+                    context.javaExecutable = java.getBinary();
+                    if (java.getPlatform().os() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                            && scriptFile == null
+                            && !setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notUseJavawProperty)
+                            && FileUtils.getName(java.getBinary()).equalsIgnoreCase("java.exe")) {
+                        Path javawBinary = java.getBinary().resolveSibling("javaw.exe");
+                        if (Files.isRegularFile(javawBinary)) {
+                            context.javaExecutable = javawBinary;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    context.launchManifest = NativePatcher.patchNative(gameInstance, context.launchManifest, java, setting, javaArguments);
                     if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notCheckGameProperty))
                         return null;
                     return Task.allOf(
-                            dependencyManager.checkGameCompletionAsync(version.get(), integrityCheck),
+                            dependencyManager.checkGameCompletionAsync(gameInstance, context.launchManifest, integrityCheck),
                             Task.composeAsync(() -> {
                                 try {
-                                    ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration = ModpackHelper.readModpackConfiguration(repository.getModpackConfiguration(selectedVersion));
-                                    ModpackProvider provider = ModpackHelper.getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
+                                    @Nullable ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration =
+                                            gameInstance.readModpackConfiguration();
+                                    if (configuration == null) return null;
+                                    @Nullable ModpackProvider provider =
+                                            ModpackHelper.getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
                                     if (provider == null) return null;
-                                    else return provider.createCompletionTask(dependencyManager, selectedVersion);
+                                    else return provider.createCompletionTask(
+                                            dependencyManager,
+                                            gameInstance);
                                 } catch (IOException e) {
                                     return null;
                                 }
                             }),
                             Task.composeAsync(() -> {
                                 if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
-                                        || !(setting.getRenderer(GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(gameVersion)) instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer)
+                                        || !(setting.getRenderer(gameInstance.getVersion()) instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer)
                                         || renderer.mesaDriverName() == null)
                                     return null;
 
                                 Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
                                 if (lib == null)
                                     return null;
-                                Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
+                                Path file = gameInstance.getLayout().getLibraryFile(gameInstance.getId(), lib);
                                 if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
                                     LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
                                     return null;
@@ -192,7 +205,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
 
                                 String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.mesaDriverName();
 
-                                if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
+                                if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, context.launchManifest, lib, integrityCheck)) {
                                     return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
                                             .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
                                 } else {
@@ -202,13 +215,13 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                             })
                     );
                 }).withStage("launch.state.dependencies")
-                .thenComposeAsync(() -> gameVersion.map(s -> new GameVerificationFixTask(dependencyManager, s, version.get())).orElse(null))
+                .thenComposeAsync(() -> new GameVerificationFixTask(gameInstance, gameInstance.getVersion(), context.launchManifest))
                 .thenComposeAsync(() -> {
                     if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty)
                             || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty)
                             || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty)
                             || Boolean.TRUE.equals(state().getShownTips().get(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP))
-                            || !NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version.get(), javaVersionRef.get().getParsedVersion())) {
+                            || !NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(context.launchManifest, context.javaRuntime.getParsedVersion())) {
                         return Task.completed(null);
                     } else {
                         CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
@@ -227,8 +240,13 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                 })
                 .thenComposeAsync(() -> logIn(account).withStage("launch.state.logging_in"))
                 .thenComposeAsync(authInfo -> Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
-                    LaunchOptions.Builder launchOptionsBuilder = repository.getLaunchOptions(
-                            selectedVersion, javaVersionRef.get(), repository.getBaseDirectory(), javaAgents, javaArguments, scriptFile != null);
+                    LaunchOptions.Builder launchOptionsBuilder = gameInstance.getLaunchOptions(
+                            context.javaRuntime,
+                            context.javaExecutable,
+                            repository.getBaseDirectory(),
+                            javaAgents,
+                            javaArguments,
+                            scriptFile != null);
                     if (disableOfflineSkin) {
                         launchOptionsBuilder.setDaemon(false);
                     }
@@ -236,18 +254,48 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                         launchOptionsBuilder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
                     }
 
+                    if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::highPerformanceProperty)) {
+                        @Nullable String javaPathGpuReg = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(context.javaExecutable);
+                        try {
+                            WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
+                            if (reg != null) {
+                                Object current = reg.queryValue(
+                                        WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                                        "Software\\Microsoft\\DirectX\\UserGpuPreferences",
+                                        javaPathGpuReg
+                                );
+                                if (current == null) {
+                                    boolean result = reg.setValue(
+                                            WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                                            "Software\\Microsoft\\DirectX\\UserGpuPreferences",
+                                            javaPathGpuReg,
+                                            "GpuPreference=2;"
+                                    );
+                                    if (result)
+                                        LOG.info("Successfully applied high performance GPU preference for java: " + javaPathGpuReg);
+                                    else
+                                        LOG.warning("Failed to apply high performance GPU preference for java: " + javaPathGpuReg);
+                                } else {
+                                    LOG.info("GPU preference for %s already exists: %s".formatted(javaPathGpuReg, current));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            LOG.warning("Failed to apply high performance GPU preference", e);
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     LaunchOptions launchOptions = launchOptionsBuilder.create();
 
-                    LOG.info("Here's the structure of game mod directory:\n" + FileUtils.printFileStructure(repository.getModsDirectory(selectedVersion), 10));
+                    LOG.info("Here's the structure of game mod directory:\n" + FileUtils.printFileStructure(gameInstance.getModsDirectory(), 10));
 
                     return new HMCLGameLauncher(
-                            repository,
-                            version.get(),
+                            gameInstance,
+                            context.launchManifest,
                             authInfo,
                             launchOptions,
                             launcherVisibility == LauncherVisibility.CLOSE
                                     ? null // Unnecessary to start listening to game process output when close launcher immediately after game launched.
-                                    : new HMCLProcessListener(repository, version.get(), authInfo, launchOptions, launchingLatch, gameVersion.isPresent())
+                                    : new HMCLProcessListener(authInfo, launchOptions, launchingLatch, gameInstance.getVersion().compareTo(GameVersionNumber.unknown()) != 0)
                     );
                 }).thenComposeAsync(launcher -> { // launcher is prev task's result
                     if (scriptFile == null) {
@@ -264,14 +312,14 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                         if (launcherVisibility == LauncherVisibility.CLOSE)
                             Launcher.stopApplication();
                         else
-                            launchingStepsPane.setCancel(new TaskCancellationAction(it -> {
+                            launchingStepsPane.setCancel(it -> {
                                 process.stop();
                                 it.fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent());
-                            }));
+                            });
                     } else {
                         runLater(() -> {
                             launchingStepsPane.fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent());
-                            Controllers.dialog(i18n("version.launch_script.success", FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(scriptFile)));
+                            Controllers.dialog(i18n("instance.launch_script.success", FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(scriptFile)));
                         });
                     }
                 }).withFakeProgress(
@@ -310,31 +358,29 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                 } else if (ex instanceof NotDecompressingNativesException) {
                                     message = i18n("launch.failed.decompressing_natives") + "\n" + ex.getLocalizedMessage();
                                 } else if (ex instanceof LibraryDownloadException) {
-                                    message = i18n("launch.failed.download_library", ((LibraryDownloadException) ex).getLibrary().getName()) + "\n";
-                                    if (ex.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
-                                        ResponseCodeException rce = (ResponseCodeException) ex.getCause();
+                                    message = i18n("launch.failed.download_library", ((LibraryDownloadException) ex).getLibrary().name()) + "\n";
+                                    if (ex.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException rce) {
                                         int responseCode = rce.getResponseCode();
-                                        String uri = rce.getUri();
+                                        String url = rce.getUrl();
                                         if (responseCode == 404)
-                                            message += i18n("download.code.404", uri);
+                                            message += i18n("download.code.404", url);
                                         else
-                                            message += i18n("download.failed", uri, responseCode);
+                                            message += i18n("download.failed", url, responseCode);
                                     } else {
                                         message += StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex.getCause());
                                     }
-                                } else if (ex instanceof DownloadException) {
-                                    URI uri = ((DownloadException) ex).getUri();
+                                } else if (ex instanceof DownloadException de) {
+                                    String url = de.getUrl();
                                     if (ex.getCause() instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {
-                                        message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.timeout", uri);
-                                    } else if (ex.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
-                                        ResponseCodeException responseCodeException = (ResponseCodeException) ex.getCause();
+                                        message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.timeout", url);
+                                    } else if (ex.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException responseCodeException) {
                                         if (I18n.hasKey("download.code." + responseCodeException.getResponseCode())) {
-                                            message = i18n("download.code." + responseCodeException.getResponseCode(), uri);
+                                            message = i18n("download.code." + responseCodeException.getResponseCode(), url);
                                         } else {
-                                            message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex.getCause());
+                                            message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", url) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex.getCause());
                                         }
                                     } else {
-                                        message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex.getCause());
+                                        message = i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", url) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex.getCause());
                                     }
                                 } else if (ex instanceof GameAssetIndexDownloadTask.GameAssetIndexMalformedException) {
                                     message = i18n("assets.index.malformed");
@@ -342,14 +388,13 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                     message = i18n("account.failed.injector_download_failure");
                                 } else if (ex instanceof CharacterDeletedException) {
                                     message = i18n("account.failed.character_deleted");
-                                } else if (ex instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
-                                    ResponseCodeException rce = (ResponseCodeException) ex;
+                                } else if (ex instanceof ResponseCodeException rce) {
                                     int responseCode = rce.getResponseCode();
-                                    String uri = rce.getUri();
+                                    String url = rce.getUrl();
                                     if (responseCode == 404)
-                                        message = i18n("download.code.404", uri);
+                                        message = i18n("download.code.404", url);
                                     else
-                                        message = i18n("download.failed", uri, responseCode);
+                                        message = i18n("download.failed", url, responseCode);
                                 } else if (ex instanceof CommandTooLongException) {
                                     message = i18n("launch.failed.command_too_long");
                                 } else if (ex instanceof ExecutionPolicyLimitException) {
@@ -373,7 +418,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                     message = StringUtils.getStackTrace(ex);
                                 }
                                 Controllers.dialog(message,
-                                        scriptFile == null ? i18n("launch.failed") : i18n("version.launch_script.failed"),
+                                        scriptFile == null ? i18n("launch.failed") : i18n("instance.launch_script.failed"),
                                         MessageType.ERROR);
                             }
                         }
@@ -383,16 +428,17 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
             }
         });
 
-        executor.start();
+        launchingStepsPane.startExecutor();
     }
 
-    private static Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(HMCLGameRepository repository, GameSettings.Effective setting, Version version) {
-        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, repository.getGameVersion(version).orElse(null));
-        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.MINECRAFT));
+    /// Checks launch requirements, allowing required Java downloads to share this launch's execution slot.
+    private Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(HMCLGameInstance gameInstance, GameSettings.Effective setting, GameInstanceManifest manifest) {
+        GameComponentAnalyzer analyzer = GameComponentAnalyzer.analyze(manifest, gameInstance.getVersion());
+        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = gameInstance.getVersion();
 
         Task<JavaRuntime> getJavaTask = Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
             try {
-                return setting.getJava(gameVersion, version);
+                return setting.getJava(gameVersion, manifest);
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 throw new CancellationException();
             }
@@ -419,9 +465,9 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                         int targetJavaVersionMajor = Integer.parseInt(setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::customJavaVersionProperty));
                         GameJavaVersion minimumJavaVersion = null;
                         if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
-                            Optional<String> cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM);
-                            if (cleanroomVersion.isPresent()) {
-                                minimumJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion.get());
+                            @Nullable String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.CLEANROOM);
+                            if (cleanroomVersion != null) {
+                                minimumJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion);
                             }
                         }
 
@@ -443,18 +489,18 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                     }
                 } else {
                     if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
-                        Optional<String> cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM);
-                        if (cleanroomVersion.isPresent()) {
-                            targetJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion.get());
+                        @Nullable String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.CLEANROOM);
+                        if (cleanroomVersion != null) {
+                            targetJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion);
                         }
                     }
 
                     if (targetJavaVersion == null)
-                        targetJavaVersion = version.getJavaVersion();
+                        targetJavaVersion = manifest.javaVersion();
                 }
 
                 if (targetJavaVersion != null && supportedVersions.contains(targetJavaVersion)) {
-                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, repository)
+                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, gameInstance.getRepository())
                             .whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, exception) -> {
                                 if (exception == null) {
                                     future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -480,8 +526,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
 
                 if (java != null) {
                     for (JavaVersionConstraint constraint : JavaVersionConstraint.ALL) {
-                        if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
-                            if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
+                        if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, manifest, java, analyzer)) {
+                            if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, manifest, java, analyzer)) {
                                 if (constraint.isMandatory()) {
                                     violatedMandatoryConstraints.add(constraint);
                                 } else {
@@ -497,7 +543,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                 Runnable breakAction = () -> future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException("Launch operation was cancelled by user"));
 
                 if (java == null || !violatedMandatoryConstraints.isEmpty()) {
-                    JavaRuntime suggestedJava = JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                    JavaRuntime suggestedJava = JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, manifest);
                     if (suggestedJava != null) {
                         FXUtils.runInFX(() -> {
                             Controllers.confirm(i18n("launch.advice.java.auto"), i18n("message.warning"), () -> {
@@ -517,21 +563,20 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                     } else {
                         GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion;
                         if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.CLEANROOM)) {
-                            String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM)
-                                    .orElse("");
+                            @Nullable String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.CLEANROOM);
 
-                            gameJavaVersion = !cleanroomVersion.isEmpty()
+                            gameJavaVersion = cleanroomVersion != null
                                     ? GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion)
                                     : GameJavaVersion.JAVA_21;
                         } else if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.GAME_JSON))
-                            gameJavaVersion = version.getJavaVersion();
+                            gameJavaVersion = manifest.javaVersion();
                         else if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.VANILLA))
                             gameJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getMinimumJavaVersion(gameVersion);
                         else
                             gameJavaVersion = null;
 
                         if (gameJavaVersion != null) {
-                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, repository).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
+                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, gameInstance.getRepository()).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
                                 if (throwable == null) {
                                     setting.setJavaAutoSelected();
                                     future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -601,7 +646,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                             break;
                         case MODDED_JAVA_16:
                             // Minecraft<=1.17.1+Forge[37.0.0,37.0.60) not compatible with Java 17
-                            String forgePatchVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.FORGE).orElse(null);
+                            @Nullable String forgePatchVersion = analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.FORGE);
                             if (forgePatchVersion != null && VersionNumber.compare(forgePatchVersion, "37.0.60") < 0)
                                 suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.forge37_0_60"));
                             else
@@ -614,8 +659,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                             suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.modded_java", 21, gameVersion));
                             break;
                         case CLEANROOM: {
-                            String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM).orElse("");
-                            if (!cleanroomVersion.isEmpty())
+                            @Nullable String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.CLEANROOM);
+                            if (cleanroomVersion != null)
                                 suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.cleanroom", GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion).majorVersion(), cleanroomVersion));
                             else
                                 suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.cleanroom", 21, ""));
@@ -644,20 +689,20 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                     suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.not_enough_space", totalMemorySizeMB));
                 }
 
-                VersionNumber forgeVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.FORGE)
+                VersionNumber forgeVersion = Optional.ofNullable(analyzer.getVersion(GameComponentType.FORGE))
                         .map(VersionNumber::asVersion)
                         .orElse(null);
 
                 // Forge 2760~2773 will crash game with LiteLoader.
                 boolean hasForge2760 = forgeVersion != null && (forgeVersion.compareTo("1.12.2-14.23.5.2760") >= 0) && (forgeVersion.compareTo("1.12.2-14.23.5.2773") < 0);
-                boolean hasLiteLoader = version.getLibraries().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.is("com.mumfrey", "liteloader"));
+                boolean hasLiteLoader = manifest.getLibraries().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.is("com.mumfrey", "liteloader"));
                 if (hasForge2760 && hasLiteLoader && gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
                     suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.forge2760_liteloader"));
                 }
 
                 // OptiFine 1.14.4 is not compatible with Forge 28.2.2 and later versions.
                 boolean hasForge28_2_2 = forgeVersion != null && (forgeVersion.compareTo("1.14.4-28.2.2") >= 0);
-                boolean hasOptiFine = version.getLibraries().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.is("optifine", "OptiFine"));
+                boolean hasOptiFine = manifest.getLibraries().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.is("optifine", "OptiFine"));
                 if (hasForge28_2_2 && hasOptiFine && gameVersion.compareTo("1.14.4") == 0) {
                     suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.forge28_2_2_optifine"));
                 }
@@ -689,13 +734,18 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
         return task.withStage("launch.state.java");
     }
 
-    private static CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, HMCLGameRepository repository) {
+    /// Prompts for and downloads Java as a required child of this launch operation.
+    private CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, HMCLGameRepository repository) {
         CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
         Controllers.dialog(new MessageDialogPane.Builder(
                 i18n("launch.advice.require_newer_java_version", javaVersion.majorVersion()),
                 i18n("message.warning"),
                 MessageType.QUESTION)
                 .yesOrNo(() -> {
+                    if (!launchingStepsPane.canStartChild()) {
+                        future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException());
+                        return;
+                    }
                     DownloadProvider downloadProvider = repository.getDependency().getDownloadProvider();
                     Controllers.taskDialog(JavaManager.getDownloadJavaTask(downloadProvider, SYSTEM_PLATFORM, javaVersion)
                             .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
@@ -705,11 +755,11 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                     Throwable resolvedException = resolveException(exception);
                                     LOG.warning("Failed to download java", exception);
                                     if (!(resolvedException instanceof CancellationException)) {
-                                        Controllers.dialog(DownloadProviders.localizeErrorMessage(resolvedException), i18n("install.failed"));
+                                        Controllers.dialog(I18n.localizeErrorMessage(resolvedException), i18n("install.failed"));
                                     }
                                     future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException());
                                 }
-                            }), i18n("download.java"), new TaskCancellationAction(() -> future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException())));
+                            }), i18n("download.java"), it -> future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException()), launchingStepsPane);
                 }, () -> future.completeExceptionally(new CancellationException())).build());
 
         return future;
@@ -760,7 +810,10 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
             case HIDE_AND_REOPEN:
                 runLater(() -> {
                     Optional.ofNullable(Controllers.getStage())
-                            .ifPresent(Stage::show);
+                            .ifPresent(stage -> {
+                                stage.setIconified(false);
+                                stage.show();
+                            });
                 });
                 break;
             case KEEP:
@@ -789,16 +842,12 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * The managed process listener.
-     * Guarantee that one [JavaProcess], one [HMCLProcessListener].
-     * Because every time we launched a game, we generates a new [HMCLProcessListener]
-     */
+    /// The managed process listener.
+    /// Guarantee that one Java [Process], one [HMCLProcessListener].
+    /// Because every time we launched a game, we generates a new [HMCLProcessListener]
     private final class HMCLProcessListener implements ProcessListener {
 
         private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-        private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
-        private final Version version;
         private final LaunchOptions launchOptions;
         private ManagedProcess process;
         private volatile boolean lwjgl;
@@ -810,9 +859,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
         private Thread submitLogThread;
         private LinkedBlockingQueue<Log> logBuffer;
 
-        public HMCLProcessListener(HMCLGameRepository repository, Version version, AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions launchOptions, CountDownLatch launchingLatch, boolean detectWindow) {
-            this.repository = repository;
-            this.version = version;
+        public HMCLProcessListener(AuthInfo authInfo, LaunchOptions launchOptions, CountDownLatch launchingLatch, boolean detectWindow) {
             this.launchOptions = launchOptions;
             this.launchingLatch = launchingLatch;
             this.detectWindow = detectWindow;
@@ -895,8 +942,10 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                     runLater(() -> {
                         // If application was stopped and execution services did not finish termination,
                         // these codes will be executed.
-                        if (Controllers.getStage() != null) {
-                            Controllers.getStage().hide();
+                        @Nullable Stage stage = Controllers.getStage();
+                        if (stage != null) {
+                            stage.setIconified(false);
+                            stage.hide();
                             launchingLatch.countDown();
                         }
                     });
@@ -937,7 +986,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
             Log4jLevel level = isErrorStream && !log.startsWith("[authlib-injector]") ? Log4jLevel.ERROR : null;
             if (showLogs) {
                 if (level == null)
-                    level = Lang.requireNonNullElse(Log4jLevel.guessLevel(log), Log4jLevel.INFO);
+                    level = Objects.requireNonNullElse(Log4jLevel.guessLevel(log), Log4jLevel.INFO);
                 logBuffer.add(new Log(log, level));
             } else {
                 lock.lock();
@@ -995,8 +1044,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
             }
 
             if (exitType != ExitType.NORMAL) {
-                repository.markVersionLaunchedAbnormally(version.getId());
-                runLater(() -> new GameCrashWindow(process, exitType, repository, version, launchOptions, logs).show());
+                gameInstance.markLaunchedAbnormally();
+                runLater(() -> new GameCrashWindow(process, exitType, gameInstance, launchOptions, logs).show());
             }
 
             checkExit();

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository.java

@@ -1,28 +1,16 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2022  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2022 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddon;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddonRepository;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.versions.ModTranslations;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.AddonProjectInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.AddonProjectInfoRegistry;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -38,19 +26,28 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
 
     protected abstract RemoteAddonRepository getBackedRemoteModRepository();
 
-    protected abstract SortType getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder();
+    @Override
+    public String getApiBaseUrl() {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getApiBaseUrl();
+    }
 
     @Override
-    public SearchResult search(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String gameVersion, Category category, int pageOffset, int pageSize, String searchFilter, SortType sort, SortOrder sortOrder) throws IOException {
-        if (!StringUtils.containsChinese(searchFilter)) {
-            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
+    public String getBaseUrl() {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getBaseUrl();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SearchResult search(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, RemoteAddon.Type type, String gameVersion, Category category, int pageOffset, int pageSize, String searchFilter, SortType sort, SortOrder sortOrder) throws IOException {
+        @Nullable AddonProjectInfoRegistry<?> registry = AddonProjectInfoRegistry.getByAddonType(type);
+        if (registry == null || !StringUtils.containsChinese(searchFilter)) {
+            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, type, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
         }
 
         Set<String> englishSearchFiltersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
 
         int count = 0;
-        for (ModTranslations.Mod mod : ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).searchMod(searchFilter)) {
-            String englishSearchFilter = String.join(" ", StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.getSubname()) ? mod.getSubname() : mod.getName()));
+        for (AddonProjectInfo mod : registry.search(searchFilter)) {
+            String englishSearchFilter = String.join(" ", StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.subName()) ? mod.subName() : mod.mainName()));
             if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(englishSearchFilter)) {
                 englishSearchFiltersSet.add(englishSearchFilter);
             }
@@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
         }
 
         if (englishSearchFiltersSet.isEmpty()) {
-            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
+            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, type, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
         }
 
         RemoteAddon[] searchResultArray = new RemoteAddon[pageSize];
@@ -69,8 +66,8 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
             SearchResult searchResult = null;
             List<RemoteAddon> remoteAddons = List.of();
             for (String englishSearchFilter : englishSearchFiltersSet) {
-                searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, englishSearchFilter, getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder(), sortOrder);
-                remoteAddons = searchResult.getUnsortedResults().toList();
+                searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, type, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, englishSearchFilter, SortType.RELEVANCY, sortOrder);
+                remoteAddons = searchResult.results().toList();
                 if (!remoteAddons.isEmpty()) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -82,23 +79,23 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                ModTranslations.Mod chineseTranslation = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteAddon.slug());
-                if (chineseTranslation != null && !StringUtils.isBlank(chineseTranslation.getName()) && StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseTranslation.getName())) {
+                @Nullable AddonProjectInfo chineseTranslation = registry.getInfoByCurseForgeId(remoteAddon.slug());
+                if (chineseTranslation != null && !StringUtils.isBlank(chineseTranslation.mainName()) && StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseTranslation.mainName())) {
                     searchResultArray[chineseIndex++] = remoteAddon;
                 } else {
                     searchResultArray[englishIndex--] = remoteAddon;
                 }
             }
-            totalPages = searchResult.getTotalPages();
+            totalPages = searchResult.totalPages();
         }
 
         StringUtils.LevCalculator levCalculator = new StringUtils.LevCalculator();
         return new SearchResult(Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(searchResultArray, 0, chineseIndex).map(remoteMod -> {
-            ModTranslations.Mod chineseRemoteMod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.slug());
-            if (chineseRemoteMod == null || StringUtils.isBlank(chineseRemoteMod.getName()) || !StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseRemoteMod.getName())) {
+            @Nullable AddonProjectInfo chineseRemoteMod = registry.getInfoByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.slug());
+            if (chineseRemoteMod == null || StringUtils.isBlank(chineseRemoteMod.mainName()) || !StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseRemoteMod.mainName())) {
                 return Pair.pair(remoteMod, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
             }
-            String chineseRemoteModName = chineseRemoteMod.getName();
+            String chineseRemoteModName = chineseRemoteMod.mainName();
             if (searchFilter.isEmpty() || chineseRemoteModName.isEmpty()) {
                 return Pair.pair(remoteMod, Math.max(searchFilter.length(), chineseRemoteModName.length()));
             }
@@ -113,8 +110,8 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Stream<Category> getCategories() throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getCategories();
+    public Stream<Category> getCategories(RemoteAddon.Type type) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getCategories(type);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -123,17 +120,32 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
     }
 
     @Override
-    public RemoteAddon getModById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModById(downloadProvider, id);
+    public RemoteAddon getAddonById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getAddonById(downloadProvider, id);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public RemoteAddon.File getModFile(String modId, String fileId) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModFile(modId, fileId);
+    public RemoteAddon resolveDependency(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().resolveDependency(downloadProvider, id);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RemoteAddon.File getAddonFile(String projectId, String fileId) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getAddonFile(projectId, fileId);
     }
 
     @Override
     public Stream<RemoteAddon.Version> getRemoteVersionsById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
         return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionsById(downloadProvider, id);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getAddonChangelog(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String addonId, String versionId) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getAddonChangelog(downloadProvider, addonId, versionId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull String getVersionPageUrl(RemoteAddon.Version version) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getVersionPageUrl(version);
+    }
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/Log.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Log4jLevel;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LogExporter.java

@@ -1,31 +1,19 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Zipper;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -42,22 +30,24 @@ public final class LogExporter {
     }
 
     public static CompletableFuture<Void> exportLogs(
-            Path zipFile, DefaultGameRepository gameRepository, String versionId, String logs, String launchScript,
+            Path zipFile, DefaultGameInstance instance, LaunchOptions options, String logs, String launchScript,
             PathMatcher logMatcher) {
-        Path runDirectory = gameRepository.getRunDirectory(versionId);
-        Path baseDirectory = gameRepository.getBaseDirectory();
-        List<String> versions = new ArrayList<>();
+        DefaultGameRepositorySnapshot repositorySnapshot = instance.getSnapshot();
+        Path runDirectory = options.getGameDir();
+        List<GameInstanceID> instances = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        String currentVersionId = versionId;
-        HashSet<String> resolvedSoFar = new HashSet<>();
+        GameInstanceID currentInstanceId = instance.id;
+        HashSet<GameInstanceID> resolvedSoFar = new HashSet<>();
         while (true) {
-            if (resolvedSoFar.contains(currentVersionId)) break;
-            resolvedSoFar.add(currentVersionId);
-            Version currentVersion = gameRepository.getVersion(currentVersionId);
-            versions.add(currentVersionId);
+            if (resolvedSoFar.contains(currentInstanceId)) break;
+            resolvedSoFar.add(currentInstanceId);
+            @Nullable DefaultGameInstance currentInstance = repositorySnapshot.get(currentInstanceId);
+            if (currentInstance == null)
+                break;
+            instances.add(currentInstanceId);
 
-            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(currentVersion.getInheritsFrom())) {
-                currentVersionId = currentVersion.getInheritsFrom();
+            if (currentInstance.getManifest().inheritsFrom() != null) {
+                currentInstanceId = currentInstance.getManifest().inheritsFrom();
             } else {
                 break;
             }
@@ -74,10 +64,12 @@ public final class LogExporter {
                 zipper.putTextFile(logs, "minecraft.log");
                 zipper.putTextFile(Logger.filterForbiddenToken(launchScript), OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS ? "launch.bat" : "launch.sh");
 
-                for (String id : versions) {
-                    Path versionJson = baseDirectory.resolve("versions").resolve(id).resolve(id + ".json");
-                    if (Files.exists(versionJson)) {
-                        zipper.putFile(versionJson, id + ".json");
+                for (GameInstanceID id : instances) {
+                    @Nullable DefaultGameInstance currentInstance = repositorySnapshot.get(id);
+                    if (currentInstance != null) {
+                        try (var writer = new OutputStreamWriter(zipper.putStream(id + ".json"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+                            JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(currentInstance.getManifest(), writer);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/ManuallyCreatedModpackException.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import java.nio.file.Path;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask.java

@@ -1,28 +1,10 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Unzipper;
 
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 
@@ -31,12 +13,10 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 public class ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask extends Task<Path> {
 
     private final Path zipFile;
-    private final Charset charset;
     private final String name;
 
-    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name) {
+    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Path zipFile, String name) {
         this.zipFile = zipFile;
-        this.charset = charset;
         this.name = name;
 
         setName(i18n("modpack.installing"));
@@ -44,19 +24,15 @@ public class ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask extends Task<Path> {
 
     @Override
     public void execute() throws Exception {
-        Path subdirectory;
-        try (FileSystem fs = CompressingUtils.readonly(zipFile).setEncoding(charset).build()) {
-            subdirectory = ModpackHelper.findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(zipFile.toString(), fs);
-        }
+        String subdirectory = ModpackHelper.findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(zipFile.toString(), zipFile);
 
         Path dest = Paths.get("externalgames").resolve(name);
 
         setResult(dest);
 
         new Unzipper(zipFile, dest)
-                .setSubDirectory(subdirectory.toString())
+                .setSubDirectory(subdirectory)
                 .setTerminateIfSubDirectoryNotExists()
-                .setEncoding(charset)
                 .unzip();
     }
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/ModpackHelper.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
@@ -31,11 +16,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCModpackProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackManifest;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameWindowType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectoryManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
@@ -46,13 +27,12 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.tree.ArchiveFileTree;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
@@ -60,10 +40,9 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.toIterable;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 
 /// Utilities for reading, installing, and applying modpack-specific game settings.
@@ -82,7 +61,7 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
     );
 
     static {
-        MultiMCComponents.setImplementation(Metadata.FULL_TITLE);
+        MultiMCComponents.setImplementation(Metadata.FULL_NAME + " v" + Metadata.VERSION);
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -95,8 +74,8 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         return "zip".equals(ext) || "mrpack".equals(ext);
     }
 
-    public static Modpack readModpackManifest(Path file, Charset charset) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException {
-        try (ZipArchiveReader zipFile = CompressingUtils.openZipFile(file, charset)) {
+    public static Modpack readModpackManifest(Path file) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException {
+        try (ZipArchiveReader zipFile = CompressingUtils.openZipFile(file)) {
             // Order for trying detecting manifest is necessary here.
             // Do not change to iterating providers.
             for (ModpackProvider provider : new ModpackProvider[]{
@@ -107,15 +86,15 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
                     MultiMCModpackProvider.INSTANCE,
                     ServerModpackProvider.INSTANCE}) {
                 try {
-                    return provider.readManifest(zipFile, file, charset);
+                    return provider.readManifest(zipFile, file);
                 } catch (Exception ignored) {
                 }
             }
         } catch (IOException ignored) {
         }
 
-        try (FileSystem fs = CompressingUtils.createReadOnlyZipFileSystem(file, charset)) {
-            findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(file.toString(), fs);
+        try {
+            findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(file.toString(), file);
             throw new ManuallyCreatedModpackException(file);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // ignore it
@@ -124,28 +103,35 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         throw new UnsupportedModpackException(file.toString());
     }
 
-    public static Path findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(String modpackName, FileSystem fs) throws IOException, UnsupportedModpackException {
-        Path root = fs.getPath("/");
-        if (isMinecraftDirectory(root)) return root;
-        try (Stream<Path> firstLayer = Files.list(root)) {
-            for (Path dir : toIterable(firstLayer)) {
-                if (isMinecraftDirectory(dir)) return dir;
+    public static String findMinecraftDirectoryInManuallyCreatedModpack(String modpackName, Path zipPath)
+            throws IOException, UnsupportedModpackException {
 
-                try (Stream<Path> secondLayer = Files.list(dir)) {
-                    for (Path subdir : toIterable(secondLayer)) {
-                        if (isMinecraftDirectory(subdir)) return subdir;
+        try (ArchiveFileTree<?, ?> tree = ArchiveFileTree.open(zipPath)) {
+            ArchiveFileTree.Dir<?> rootDir = tree.getRoot();
+
+            if (isMinecraftDirectory(rootDir)) {
+                return "";
+            }
+
+
+            for (ArchiveFileTree.Dir<?> firstLayer : rootDir.getSubDirs().values()) {
+                if (isMinecraftDirectory(firstLayer)) {
+                    return firstLayer.getName();
+                }
+
+                for (ArchiveFileTree.Dir<?> secondLayer : firstLayer.getSubDirs().values()) {
+                    if (isMinecraftDirectory(secondLayer)) {
+                        return firstLayer.getName() + "/" + secondLayer.getName();
                     }
-                } catch (IOException ignored) {
                 }
             }
-        } catch (IOException ignored) {
         }
+
         throw new UnsupportedModpackException(modpackName);
     }
 
-    private static boolean isMinecraftDirectory(Path path) {
-        return Files.isDirectory(path.resolve("versions")) &&
-                (path.getFileName() == null || ".minecraft".equals(FileUtils.getName(path)));
+    private static boolean isMinecraftDirectory(ArchiveFileTree.Dir<?> dir) {
+        return dir.getSubDirs().containsKey("versions") && (dir.isRoot() || ".minecraft".equals(dir.getName()));
     }
 
     public static ModpackConfiguration<?> readModpackConfiguration(Path file) throws IOException {
@@ -156,16 +142,10 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         }
     }
 
-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, String name, Modpack modpack) {
-        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);
-
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, GameInstanceID instanceId, Modpack modpack) {
         ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
-            repository.refreshVersions();
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
-            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (setting != null) {
-                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-            }
+            repository.refresh();
+            repository.getInstance(instanceId).enableIsolation();
         };
 
         ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -175,8 +155,9 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
             }
         };
 
-        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name)
+        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, instanceId)
                 .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
+                .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
                 .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
     }
 
@@ -184,12 +165,13 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         return Files.exists(Paths.get("externalgames").resolve(name));
     }
 
-    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Path zipFile, String name, Charset charset) {
+    /// Extracts a manually created modpack and selects its new external game directory.
+    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Path zipFile, String name) {
         if (isExternalGameNameConflicts(name)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("name existing");
         }
 
-        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(zipFile, charset, name)
+        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(zipFile, name)
                 .thenAcceptAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), location -> {
                     GameDirectory newGameDirectory = new GameDirectory(
                             GameDirectoryManager.newGameDirectoryId(),
@@ -197,19 +179,35 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
                             PortablePath.fromPath(location));
                     GameDirectoryManager.addLocalGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
                     GameDirectoryManager.setSelectedGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
-                });
+                })
+                .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
+                .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack");
     }
 
-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, String name, Modpack modpack, String iconUrl) {
-        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, GameInstanceID instanceId, Modpack modpack, @Nullable String iconUrl) {
+        return getInstallTask(repository, zipFile, instanceId, modpack, iconUrl, null);
+    }
 
+    /// Creates an install task that respects optional-file selection.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository      the target repository
+    /// @param zipFile         the modpack archive
+    /// @param instanceId      the new instance id
+    /// @param modpack         the parsed modpack
+    /// @param iconUrl         the optional icon URL, or `null`
+    /// @param excludedFiles keys of optional files the user chose not to install; `null` means install all.
+    ///                        When non-null, must not contain `null` elements.
+    /// @return the install task
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            Path zipFile,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId,
+            Modpack modpack,
+            @Nullable String iconUrl,
+            @Nullable Set<String> excludedFiles) {
         ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
-            repository.refreshVersions();
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
-            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (setting != null) {
-                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-            }
+            repository.refresh();
+            repository.getInstance(instanceId).enableIsolation();
         };
 
         ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -220,45 +218,77 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         };
 
         if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, instanceId, iconUrl, excludedFiles)
                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), instanceId))
+                    .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
                     .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
         else if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof McbbsModpackManifest)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, instanceId, iconUrl, excludedFiles)
                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(repository, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(repository, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), instanceId))
+                    .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
                     .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
         else
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
-                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), success, failure)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, instanceId, iconUrl, excludedFiles)
+                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
+                    .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
                     .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
     }
 
-    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
+    /// Updates a server modpack with backup, repository refresh, and modpack stage hints.
+    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, GameInstanceID instanceId, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
         switch (configuration.getType()) {
-            case ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask.MODPACK_TYPE:
-                return new ModpackUpdateTask(repository, name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name))
-                        .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync())
+            case ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask.MODPACK_TYPE: {
+                HMCLGameInstance instance = repository.getInstance(instanceId);
+                return new ModpackUpdateTask(
+                        instance,
+                        new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, instance))
+                        .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshAsync())
+                        .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
                         .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+            }
             default:
                 throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
         }
     }
 
-    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
-        Modpack modpack = ModpackHelper.readModpackManifest(zipFile, charset);
-        ModpackProvider provider = getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
+    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, GameInstanceID instanceId, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
+        return getUpdateTask(repository, zipFile, instanceId, configuration, null);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an update task that respects optional-file selection.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository      the target repository
+    /// @param zipFile         the modpack archive
+    /// @param instanceId      the instance to update
+    /// @param configuration   the existing modpack configuration
+    /// @param excludedFiles keys of optional files the user chose not to install; `null` means install all.
+    ///                        When non-null, must not contain `null` elements.
+    /// @return the update task
+    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(
+            HMCLGameRepository repository,
+            Path zipFile,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId,
+            ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration,
+            @Nullable Set<String> excludedFiles)
+            throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
+        Modpack modpack = ModpackHelper.readModpackManifest(zipFile);
+        @Nullable ModpackProvider provider = getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
         if (provider == null) {
             throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
         }
         if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), repository.getInstance(instanceId), zipFile, modpack, excludedFiles)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), instanceId))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshAsync())
+                    .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
         else
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), repository.getInstance(instanceId), zipFile, modpack, excludedFiles)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshAsync())
+                    .withStage("hmcl.modpack")
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
     }
 
     public static void toGameSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
@@ -333,25 +363,25 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
         }
     }
 
-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, GameInstanceID instanceId) {
         return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(instanceId));
             ModpackHelper.applyCommandAndJvmSettings(manifest, setting);
         });
     }
 
-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, GameInstanceID instanceId) {
         return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(instanceId));
             ModpackHelper.toGameSettings(manifest, setting);
         });
     }
 
-    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, GameInstanceID instanceId) {
         return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Effective effective = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(version);
+            GameSettings.Effective effective = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(instanceId);
             if (manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory() > effective.getMaxMemory()) {
-                GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+                GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(instanceId));
                 setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
                         GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
                         GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY,

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/OAuthServer.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD;
@@ -53,7 +38,7 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
     private String idToken;
 
     private OAuthServer(int port) {
-        super(port);
+        super("localhost", port);
 
         this.port = port;
 
@@ -146,7 +131,7 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
         String html;
         try {
             html = IOUtils.readFullyAsString(OAuthServer.class.getResourceAsStream("/assets/microsoft_auth.html"))
-                    .replace("%style%", Themes.getTheme().toColorScheme().toStyleSheet().replace("-monet", "--monet"))
+                    .replace("%style%", Themes.getColorScheme().toStyleSheet().replace("-monet", "--monet"))
                     .replace("%lang%", Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag())
                     .replace("%success%", i18n("message.success"))
                     .replace("%ok%", i18n("button.ok"))

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/ServerEndpoint.java

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// Resolves the routes that the one-click join button can connect through.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class ServerEndpoint {
+    private ServerEndpoint() {
+    }
+
+    /// One selectable connection route.
+    ///
+    /// @param name    the display name
+    /// @param address the `host[:port]` or `ws(s)://` address handed to the game
+    public record Route(String name, String address) {
+    }
+
+    /// Lists the routes configured for an instance.
+    ///
+    /// Routes in the installed modpack manifest win, so they change with modpack updates. Without
+    /// them the manifest's single `serverAddress` and then [Metadata#getDefaultServerAddress()] are
+    /// used, each as a single route.
+    ///
+    /// @param configurationFile the instance's `modpack.json` path
+    /// @return the routes in display order; empty when nothing is configured
+    public static @Unmodifiable List<Route> routes(Path configurationFile) {
+        List<Route> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        @Nullable ServerModpackManifest manifest = readManifest(configurationFile);
+        if (manifest != null) {
+            for (ServerModpackManifest.Route route : manifest.getRoutes()) {
+                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(route.getAddress())) {
+                    result.add(new Route(StringUtils.isBlank(route.getName()) ? route.getAddress().trim() : route.getName(), route.getAddress().trim()));
+                }
+            }
+            if (result.isEmpty() && StringUtils.isNotBlank(manifest.getServerAddress())) {
+                result.add(new Route("default", manifest.getServerAddress().trim()));
+            }
+        }
+        if (result.isEmpty()) {
+            String fallback = Metadata.getDefaultServerAddress();
+            if (!fallback.isEmpty()) {
+                result.add(new Route("default", fallback));
+            }
+        }
+        return List.copyOf(result);
+    }
+
+    /// Picks the route to join: the one the player chose last if it still exists, otherwise the first.
+    ///
+    /// @param configurationFile the instance's `modpack.json` path
+    /// @return the route to connect through, or `null` when nothing is configured
+    public static @Nullable Route selected(Path configurationFile) {
+        List<Route> routes = routes(configurationFile);
+        if (routes.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        @Nullable String saved = readSelectedName(configurationFile);
+        for (Route route : routes) {
+            if (route.name().equals(saved)) {
+                return route;
+            }
+        }
+        return routes.get(0);
+    }
+
+    /// Remembers the player's route choice next to the instance's modpack configuration.
+    ///
+    /// @param configurationFile the instance's `modpack.json` path
+    /// @param route             the chosen route
+    public static void select(Path configurationFile, Route route) {
+        try {
+            Files.writeString(selectionFile(configurationFile), route.name(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Unable to save the selected route", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Path selectionFile(Path configurationFile) {
+        return configurationFile.resolveSibling("server-route.txt");
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable String readSelectedName(Path configurationFile) {
+        try {
+            Path file = selectionFile(configurationFile);
+            return Files.isRegularFile(file) ? Files.readString(file, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).trim() : null;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable ServerModpackManifest readManifest(Path configurationFile) {
+        if (!Files.isRegularFile(configurationFile)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            ModpackConfiguration<ServerModpackManifest> configuration =
+                    JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(configurationFile, ModpackConfiguration.typeOf(ServerModpackManifest.class));
+            return configuration != null ? configuration.getManifest() : null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warning("Unable to read server routes from " + configurationFile, e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/TexturesLoader.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
@@ -33,6 +18,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.microsoft.MicrosoftAccount;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.OfflineAccount;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.Skin;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FileDownloadTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
@@ -99,7 +85,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
         if (!Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
             // download it
             try {
-                new FileDownloadTask(texture.url(), file).run();
+                new FileDownloadTask(DownloadProviders.getDownloadProvider().getDownloadCandidates(texture.url()), file).run();
                 LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.url());
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/HMCLJavaRepository.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaInfoUtils.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2025 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2025 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaInstallTask.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import kala.compress.archivers.ArchiveEntry;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaLocalFiles.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import com.google.gson.*;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaManager.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
@@ -26,18 +11,13 @@ import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameJavaVersion;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.JavaVersionConstraint;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.Version;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FXThread;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
@@ -81,8 +61,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
             "Semeru"
     };
 
-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("java"));
-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("java"));
+    /// Managed Mojang/Disco Java installs for this workspace (beside `.minecraft`), not the user-global HMCL profile.
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY =
+            new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
+    /// Optional portable installs under the launcher-local `.hmcl` directory.
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY =
+            new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("java"));
 
     public static String getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform platform) {
         if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
@@ -315,13 +299,13 @@ public final class JavaManager {
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public static JavaRuntime findSuitableJava(GameVersionNumber gameVersion, Version version) throws InterruptedException {
-        return findSuitableJava(getAllJava(), gameVersion, version);
+    public static JavaRuntime findSuitableJava(GameVersionNumber gameVersion, GameInstanceManifest manifest) throws InterruptedException {
+        return findSuitableJava(getAllJava(), gameVersion, manifest);
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public static JavaRuntime findSuitableJava(Collection<JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, GameVersionNumber gameVersion, Version version) {
-        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = version != null ? LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, gameVersion != null ? gameVersion.toString() : null) : null;
+    public static JavaRuntime findSuitableJava(Collection<JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, GameVersionNumber gameVersion, GameInstanceManifest manifest) {
+        GameComponentAnalyzer analyzer = manifest != null ? GameComponentAnalyzer.analyze(manifest, gameVersion) : null;
 
         boolean forceX86 = Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64
                 && (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS || OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS)
@@ -342,8 +326,8 @@ public final class JavaManager {
             boolean violationSuggested = false;
 
             for (JavaVersionConstraint constraint : JavaVersionConstraint.ALL) {
-                if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
-                    if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
+                if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, manifest, java, analyzer)) {
+                    if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, manifest, java, analyzer)) {
                         if (constraint.isMandatory()) {
                             violationMandatory = true;
                         } else {
@@ -438,14 +422,14 @@ public final class JavaManager {
             FileUtils.tryGetPath(System.getenv("localappdata"), "Packages\\Microsoft.4297127D64EC6_8wekyb3d8bbwe\\LocalCache\\Local\\runtime")
                     .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
 
-            FileUtils.tryGetPath(Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)"), "C:\\Program Files (x86)"), "Minecraft Launcher\\runtime")
+            FileUtils.tryGetPath(Objects.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)"), "C:\\Program Files (x86)"), "Minecraft Launcher\\runtime")
                     .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
         } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
             searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
         } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
             searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
         }
-        searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
+        searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY.getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
 
         // Search in PATH.
         if (System.getenv("PATH") != null) {
@@ -499,7 +483,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
                         it.isJDK() ? "JDK" : "JRE",
                         it.getVersion(),
                         it.getPlatform().getArchitecture().getDisplayName(),
-                        Lang.requireNonNullElse(it.getVendor(), "Unknown"),
+                        Objects.requireNonNullElse(it.getVendor(), "Unknown"),
                         it.getBinary()))
                 .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + searcher.javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
         return searcher.javaRuntimes;
@@ -842,7 +826,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
         }
 
         void searchJavaInProgramFiles(String env, String defaultValue) {
-            String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
+            String programFiles = Objects.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
             Path path;
             try {
                 path = Path.of(programFiles);

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaManifest.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import com.google.gson.*;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/AccountMetadataStore.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonObject;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/AccountPrivateData.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonArray;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/Accounts.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
@@ -47,13 +32,8 @@ import java.util.*;
 
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 import static javafx.collections.FXCollections.observableArrayList;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAccountMetadataRecords;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAuthlibInjectorServers;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getUserAccountMetadataRecords;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.userSettings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.*;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.immutableListOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
@@ -73,7 +53,14 @@ public final class Accounts {
     public static final OfflineAccountFactory FACTORY_OFFLINE = new OfflineAccountFactory(AUTHLIB_INJECTOR_DOWNLOADER);
     public static final AuthlibInjectorAccountFactory FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR = new AuthlibInjectorAccountFactory(AUTHLIB_INJECTOR_DOWNLOADER, Accounts::getOrCreateAuthlibInjectorServer);
     public static final MicrosoftAccountFactory FACTORY_MICROSOFT = new MicrosoftAccountFactory(new MicrosoftService(OAUTH_CALLBACK));
-    public static final List<AccountFactory<?>> FACTORIES = immutableListOf(FACTORY_OFFLINE, FACTORY_MICROSOFT, FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR);
+    /// Account factories offered when creating a new account from the UI.
+    ///
+    /// Primary: Offline and Microsoft. Authlib-injector remains available for external Yggdrasil servers.
+    public static final List<AccountFactory<?>> FACTORIES = List.of(
+            FACTORY_OFFLINE,
+            FACTORY_MICROSOFT,
+            FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR
+    );
 
     // ==== login type / account factory mapping ====
     private static final Map<String, AccountFactory<?>> type2factory = new HashMap<>();

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/AuthlibInjectorServerList.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
@@ -41,9 +26,8 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 @NotNullByDefault
 @JsonSerializable
 public final class AuthlibInjectorServerList extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The LittleSkin Yggdrasil API endpoint bundled into newly created server lists.
+    /// The LittleSkin Yggdrasil API endpoint used only when recognizing an existing entry.
     public static final String LITTLE_SKIN_URL = "https://littleskin.cn/api/yggdrasil/";
-
     /// The JSON schema supported by this authlib-injector server list.
     public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
             new JsonSchema("authlib-injector-servers", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
@@ -55,17 +39,10 @@ public final class AuthlibInjectorServerList extends ObservableSetting implement
     }
 
     /// Creates the default authlib-injector server list for a newly created file.
+    ///
+    /// The default list is empty; operators add their own authentication server when needed.
     public static AuthlibInjectorServerList createDefault() {
-        AuthlibInjectorServerList result = new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
-        result.addLittleSkinIfAbsent();
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// Adds the bundled LittleSkin server when it is not already present.
-    public void addLittleSkinIfAbsent() {
-        if (getServers().stream().noneMatch(server -> LITTLE_SKIN_URL.equals(server.getUrl()))) {
-            getServers().add(new AuthlibInjectorServer(LITTLE_SKIN_URL));
-        }
+        return new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
     }
 
     /// The schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/AuthlibInjectorServers.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/BackgroundType.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/DefaultIsolationType.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 /// @author Glavo

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/DownloadProviders.java

@@ -1,62 +1,29 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.DownloadException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.HMCLDownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ResponseCodeException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
 
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 
 public final class DownloadProviders {
     private DownloadProviders() {
     }
 
-    private static final DownloadProviderWrapper PROVIDER_WRAPPER;
+    private static final MirrorRoots MIRROR_ROOTS =
+            new MirrorRoots(System.getProperty("hmcl.bmclapi.override"));
 
-    private static final DownloadProvider MOJANG_PROVIDER;
-    private static final BMCLAPIDownloadProvider BMCLAPI_PROVIDER;
-    private static final DownloadProvider DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
+    private static final HMCLDownloadProvider PROVIDER = new HMCLDownloadProvider(MIRROR_ROOTS::getRankedRoots);
 
-    static {
-        String bmclapiRoot = System.getProperty("hmcl.bmclapi.override", "https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com");
-        BMCLAPI_PROVIDER = new BMCLAPIDownloadProvider(bmclapiRoot);
-        MOJANG_PROVIDER = new MojangDownloadProvider();
-        DEFAULT_PROVIDER = createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource.DEFAULT, DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
-        PROVIDER_WRAPPER = new DownloadProviderWrapper(DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
-    }
-
-    /// Initializes download provider settings and synchronizes download thread settings.
+    /// Initializes download provider settings, mirror probing, and download thread settings.
     public static void init() {
         InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadThreads = observable -> {
             FetchTask.setDownloadExecutorConcurrency(settings().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().get()
@@ -67,73 +34,20 @@ public final class DownloadProviders {
         settings().downloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
         onChangeDownloadThreads.invalidated(null);
 
-        InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadSource = observable -> {
-            PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(createDownloadProvider(
-                    settings().versionListSourceProperty().get(),
-                    settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().get()));
-        };
-        settings().versionListSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
-        settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
-        onChangeDownloadSource.invalidated(null);
+        FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(settings().versionListSourceProperty(), PROVIDER::setVersionListSource);
+        FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty(), PROVIDER::setFileSource);
+
+        MIRROR_ROOTS.maybeProbeAsync();
     }
 
-    /// Creates a download provider with independent version-list and file download preferences.
-    private static DownloadProvider createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource versionListSource, DownloadSource fileDownloadSource) {
-        return new AutoDownloadProvider(
-                getCandidates(versionListSource),
-                getCandidates(fileDownloadSource));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns provider candidates ordered by the given source preference.
-    private static List<DownloadProvider> getCandidates(DownloadSource source) {
-        DownloadSource normalized = source != null ? source : DownloadSource.DEFAULT;
-        return switch (normalized) {
-            case DEFAULT -> LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND
-                    ? List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER)
-                    : List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER, BMCLAPI_PROVIDER);
-            case OFFICIAL -> List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER);
-            case MIRROR -> List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER);
-        };
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get current primary preferred download provider
-     */
+    /// Get current primary preferred download provider
     public static DownloadProvider getDownloadProvider() {
-        return PROVIDER_WRAPPER;
+        MIRROR_ROOTS.maybeProbeAsync();
+        return PROVIDER;
     }
 
-    public static String localizeErrorMessage(Throwable exception) {
-        if (exception instanceof DownloadException) {
-            URI uri = ((DownloadException) exception).getUri();
-            if (exception.getCause() instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {
-                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.timeout", uri);
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
-                ResponseCodeException responseCodeException = (ResponseCodeException) exception.getCause();
-                if (I18n.hasKey("download.code." + responseCodeException.getResponseCode())) {
-                    return i18n("download.code." + responseCodeException.getResponseCode(), uri);
-                } else {
-                    return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception.getCause());
-                }
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof FileNotFoundException) {
-                return i18n("download.code.404", uri);
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof AccessDeniedException) {
-                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.access_denied", ((AccessDeniedException) exception.getCause()).getFile());
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof ArtifactMalformedException) {
-                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.artifact_malformed");
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof SSLHandshakeException && !(exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("Remote host terminated"))) {
-                if (exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && (exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No name matching") || exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No subject alternative DNS name matching"))) {
-                    return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.dns.pollution");
-                }
-                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.ssl_handshake");
-            } else {
-                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception.getCause());
-            }
-        } else if (exception instanceof ArtifactMalformedException) {
-            return i18n("exception.artifact_malformed");
-        } else if (exception instanceof CancellationException) {
-            return i18n("message.cancelled");
-        }
-        return StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception);
+    /// Returns the current ranked BMCLAPI-compatible mirror roots (fastest first).
+    public static @Unmodifiable List<String> getRankedMirrorRoots() {
+        return MIRROR_ROOTS.getRankedRoots();
     }
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/DownloadSource.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/EnumCommonDirectory.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 public enum EnumCommonDirectory {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/FontManager.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2025 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2025 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
@@ -97,7 +82,28 @@ public final class FontManager {
 
     private static final ObjectProperty<FontReference> font = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
 
+    /// Bundled OFL fonts: Noto Sans SC for headings and controls, Noto Serif SC for body text.
+    private static final String[] BUNDLED_FONTS = {
+            "/assets/fonts/NotoSansSC-Regular.ttf",
+            "/assets/fonts/NotoSansSC-Bold.ttf",
+            "/assets/fonts/NotoSerifSC-Regular.ttf"
+    };
+
+    /// Registers the bundled fonts with JavaFX so style sheets can refer to them by family name.
+    private static void loadBundledFonts() {
+        for (String resource : BUNDLED_FONTS) {
+            try (var in = FontManager.class.getResourceAsStream(resource)) {
+                if (in == null || Font.loadFont(in, DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE) == null) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to load bundled font " + resource);
+                }
+            } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load bundled font " + resource, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     static {
+        loadBundledFonts();
         updateFont();
         LOG.info("Font: " + (font.get() != null ? font.get().family() : "System"));
     }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameDirectories.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameDirectory.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.*;
@@ -34,8 +19,6 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
-
 /// Persistent configuration for a game directory.
 @JsonAdapter(GameDirectory.Serializer.class)
 @NotNullByDefault
@@ -118,7 +101,7 @@ public final class GameDirectory implements Observable {
         this.path = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "path", Objects.requireNonNull(path));
         this.legacyGameSettings = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "legacyGameSettings", legacyGameSettings);
 
-        addPropertyChangedListener(onInvalidating(this::invalidate));
+        addPropertyChangedListener(arg -> invalidate());
     }
 
     /// Returns a debug string containing the game directory path and display metadata.

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameDirectoryID.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameDirectoryManager.java

@@ -1,30 +1,18 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectWrapper;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
 import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.RefreshedVersionsEvent;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameInstance;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
@@ -33,17 +21,10 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnmodifiableView;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.*;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 
 /// Manages the merged runtime view of local and user game directories.
@@ -140,13 +121,18 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
     /// The selected game repository, or `null` before the fallback game directory is resolved.
     private static final ObjectProperty<@UnknownNullability HMCLGameRepository> selectedRepository = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedRepository");
 
-    /// The selected instance ID projected from the selected repository.
-    private static final ReadOnlyStringWrapper selectedInstance = new ReadOnlyStringWrapper(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedInstance");
+    /// The selected instance projected from the selected repository's current snapshot.
+    private static final ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<@Nullable HMCLGameInstance> selectedInstance =
+            new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedInstance");
 
     /// Updates [#selectedInstance] when the selected repository changes its selected instance.
-    private static final ChangeListener<String> selectedRepositoryInstanceListener =
+    private static final ChangeListener<@Nullable HMCLGameInstance> selectedRepositoryInstanceListener =
             (observable, oldValue, newValue) -> selectedInstance.set(newValue);
 
+    /// Reacts when the selected repository publishes a new snapshot.
+    private static final ChangeListener<? super HMCLGameRepositorySnapshot> selectedRepositorySnapshotListener =
+            (observable, oldValue, newValue) -> onSelectedRepositorySnapshotChanged();
+
     /// Initializes game directory state from the stores loaded by [SettingsManager].
     ///
     /// This method creates the built-in local and user-home game directories when required, rebuilds
@@ -166,12 +152,6 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
             gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
                     DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
         }
-        if (userGameDirectories().isNewlyCreated() && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
-            needRebuildGameDirectories = true;
-            GameDirectories gameDirectories = userGameDirectories();
-            gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
-                    HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-        }
 
         needRebuildGameDirectories |= createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty();
         if (needRebuildGameDirectories) {
@@ -180,15 +160,13 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
 
         assert !mergedGameDirectories.isEmpty();
 
-        @Nullable GameDirectoryID selectedId = settings().selectedGameDirectoryProperty().get();
+        // Dedicated server client: always prefer the fixed workspace `.minecraft` directory.
         GameDirectory currentGameDirectory = null;
-
-        if (selectedId != null) {
-            for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories) {
-                if (gameDirectory.getId().equals(selectedId)) {
-                    currentGameDirectory = gameDirectory;
-                    break;
-                }
+        for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories) {
+            if (DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID.equals(gameDirectory.getId())
+                    || isGameDirectoryPath(gameDirectory, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH)) {
+                currentGameDirectory = gameDirectory;
+                break;
             }
         }
 
@@ -201,37 +179,41 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
             @Nullable HMCLGameRepository oldRepository = selectedRepository.get();
             if (oldRepository != null) {
                 oldRepository.selectedInstanceProperty().removeListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
+                oldRepository.snapshotProperty().removeListener(selectedRepositorySnapshotListener);
             }
             HMCLGameRepository repository = getOrCreateRepository(newValue);
             selectedRepository.set(repository);
             selectedInstance.set(repository.getSelectedInstance());
             repository.selectedInstanceProperty().addListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
-            repository.refreshVersionsAsync().start();
+            repository.snapshotProperty().addListener(selectedRepositorySnapshotListener);
+            if (repository.isLoaded()) {
+                onSelectedRepositorySnapshotChanged();
+            }
+            repository.refreshAsync().start();
         });
         selectedGameDirectory.set(currentGameDirectory != null ? currentGameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories.get(0));
-
-        EventBus.EVENT_BUS.channel(RefreshedVersionsEvent.class).registerWeak(event -> {
-            runInFX(() -> {
-                @Nullable HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
-                if (repository != null && repository == event.getSource()) {
-                    repository.refreshSelectedInstance();
-                    for (Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener : versionsListeners)
-                        listener.accept(repository);
-                }
-            });
-        });
     }
 
-    /// Creates the built-in game directories only when no game directory exists.
+    /// Restores selection and notifies consumers after the selected repository publishes a loaded snapshot.
+    private static void onSelectedRepositorySnapshotChanged() {
+        @Nullable HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
+        if (repository == null || !repository.isLoaded()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        repository.refreshSelectedInstance();
+        for (Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener : versionsListeners) {
+            listener.accept(repository);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the fixed workspace game directory when no game directory exists.
     private static boolean createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty() {
         if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()
                 && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
             localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
                     .add(new GameDirectory(
                             DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-            userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
-                    .add(new GameDirectory(
-                            HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
             return true;
         } else {
             return false;
@@ -322,6 +304,7 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
         if (source == target) {
             gameDirectory.setName(name);
             gameDirectory.setPath(path);
+            rebuildGameDirectories();
             return;
         }
 
@@ -479,17 +462,26 @@ public final class GameDirectoryManager {
     }
 
     /// Returns the selected instance property projected from the selected repository.
-    public static ReadOnlyStringProperty selectedInstanceProperty() {
+    ///
+    /// The value is `null` when the selected repository has no registered selected instance.
+    ///
+    /// @return the read-only selected-instance property
+    public static ReadOnlyObjectProperty<@Nullable HMCLGameInstance> selectedInstanceProperty() {
         return selectedInstance.getReadOnlyProperty();
     }
 
-    /// Returns the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
-    public static @Nullable String getSelectedInstance() {
+    /// Returns the selected instance from the selected repository's current snapshot.
+    ///
+    /// @return the selected instance, or `null` when none is registered
+    public static @Nullable HMCLGameInstance getSelectedInstance() {
         return getSelectedRepository().getSelectedInstance();
     }
 
-    /// Sets the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
-    public static void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable String instance) {
+    /// Sets the selected instance for the selected repository.
+    ///
+    /// @param instance the instance to select, or `null` to clear the selection
+    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if `instance` belongs to another repository
+    public static void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable HMCLGameInstance instance) {
         getSelectedRepository().setSelectedInstance(instance);
     }
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameInstanceIconType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import javafx.scene.image.Image;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.mod.ModLoaderType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameComponentType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+public enum GameInstanceIconType {
+    DEFAULT("/assets/img/grass.png"),
+
+    GRASS("/assets/img/grass.png"),
+    CHEST("/assets/img/chest.png"),
+    CHICKEN("/assets/img/chicken.png"),
+    COMMAND("/assets/img/command.png"),
+    OPTIFINE("/assets/img/optifine.png"),
+    CRAFT_TABLE("/assets/img/craft_table.png"),
+    FABRIC("/assets/img/fabric.png"),
+    FORGE("/assets/img/forge.png"),
+    NEO_FORGE("/assets/img/neoforge.png"),
+    FURNACE("/assets/img/furnace.png"),
+    QUILT("/assets/img/quilt.png"),
+    /// Retained for settings migration; UI no longer offers this icon.
+    APRIL_FOOLS("/assets/img/command.png"),
+    CLEANROOM("/assets/img/cleanroom.png"),
+    LEGACY_FABRIC("/assets/img/legacyfabric.png")
+    ;
+
+    // Please append new items at last
+
+    public static GameInstanceIconType getIconType(ModLoaderType modLoaderType) {
+        return switch (modLoaderType) {
+            case FORGE -> GameInstanceIconType.FORGE;
+            case NEO_FORGE -> GameInstanceIconType.NEO_FORGE;
+            case FABRIC -> GameInstanceIconType.FABRIC;
+            case LEGACY_FABRIC -> GameInstanceIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC;
+            case QUILT -> GameInstanceIconType.QUILT;
+            case LITE_LOADER -> GameInstanceIconType.CHICKEN;
+            case CLEANROOM -> GameInstanceIconType.CLEANROOM;
+            default -> GameInstanceIconType.COMMAND;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static @Nullable GameInstanceIconType getIconType(GameComponentType componentType) {
+        return switch (componentType) {
+            case GAME -> GameInstanceIconType.GRASS;
+            case FABRIC, FABRIC_API -> GameInstanceIconType.FABRIC;
+            case LEGACY_FABRIC, LEGACY_FABRIC_API -> GameInstanceIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC;
+            case FORGE -> GameInstanceIconType.FORGE;
+            case CLEANROOM -> GameInstanceIconType.CLEANROOM;
+            case LITELOADER -> GameInstanceIconType.CHICKEN;
+            case OPTIFINE -> GameInstanceIconType.OPTIFINE;
+            case QUILT, QUILT_API -> GameInstanceIconType.QUILT;
+            case NEO_FORGE -> GameInstanceIconType.NEO_FORGE;
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+
+    private final String resourceUrl;
+
+    GameInstanceIconType(String resourceUrl) {
+        this.resourceUrl = resourceUrl;
+    }
+
+    public Image getIcon() {
+        return FXUtils.newBuiltinImage(resourceUrl);
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameSettings.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
@@ -82,7 +67,7 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
     public static final class Instance extends GameSettings implements JsonSchemaSetting {
         /// The JSON schema supported by instance-specific game settings.
         public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-                new JsonSchema("instance-game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+                new JsonSchema("instance-game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 1));
 
         /// Creates an empty instance setting.
         public Instance() {
@@ -152,10 +137,10 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
 
         /// The icon of the instance.
         @SerializedName("icon")
-        private final SettingProperty<VersionIconType> icon = newSettingProperty("icon", VersionIconType.DEFAULT);
+        private final SettingProperty<GameInstanceIconType> icon = newSettingProperty("icon", GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT);
 
         /// Returns the instance icon property.
-        public SettingProperty<VersionIconType> iconProperty() {
+        public SettingProperty<GameInstanceIconType> iconProperty() {
             return icon;
         }
 
@@ -388,6 +373,19 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
         return detectedJava;
     }
 
+    /// Property name for disabling automatic replacement with `javaw.exe` on Windows.
+    public static final String PROPERTY_NOT_USE_JAVAW = "notUseJavaw";
+
+    /// Whether to keep the selected Java executable instead of replacing it with `javaw.exe`; defaults to `false`.
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_NOT_USE_JAVAW)
+    private final InheritableProperty<Boolean> notUseJavaw = newInheritableProperty(PROPERTY_NOT_USE_JAVAW, false);
+
+    /// Returns the property disabling automatic replacement of a Windows Java executable with a sibling `javaw.exe` file.
+    /// If `true`, the selected executable is used unchanged. This property has no effect on other runtime platforms.
+    public InheritableProperty<Boolean> notUseJavawProperty() {
+        return notUseJavaw;
+    }
+
     /// Property name for customized JVM options.
     public static final String PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS = "jvmOptions";
 
@@ -643,6 +641,19 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
         return vulkanRenderer;
     }
 
+    /// Property name for high performance GPU preference.
+    public static final String PROPERTY_HIGH_PERFORMANCE = "highPerformance";
+
+    /// Whether to launch games with high-performance GPU.
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_HIGH_PERFORMANCE)
+    private final InheritableProperty<Boolean> highPerformance =
+            newInheritableProperty(PROPERTY_HIGH_PERFORMANCE, false);
+
+    /// Returns the high performance GPU preference property.
+    public InheritableProperty<Boolean> highPerformanceProperty() {
+        return highPerformance;
+    }
+
     /// Property name for customized environment variables.
     public static final String PROPERTY_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = "environmentVariables";
 
@@ -800,15 +811,15 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
     }
 
     /// Property name for using native GLFW.
-    public static final String PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW = "useNativeGLFW";
+    public static final String PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW_OR_SDL = "useNativeGLFW";
 
     /// If `true`, HMCL will use native GLFW.
-    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW)
-    private final InheritableProperty<Boolean> useNativeGLFW = newInheritableProperty(PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW, false);
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW_OR_SDL)
+    private final InheritableProperty<Boolean> useNativeGLFWorSDL = newInheritableProperty(PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW_OR_SDL, false);
 
     /// Returns the native GLFW property.
-    public InheritableProperty<Boolean> useNativeGLFWProperty() {
-        return useNativeGLFW;
+    public InheritableProperty<Boolean> useNativeGLFWorSDLProperty() {
+        return useNativeGLFWorSDL;
     }
 
     /// Property name for using native OpenAL.
@@ -916,11 +927,11 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
         }
 
         /// Finds the effective Java runtime.
-        public @Nullable JavaRuntime getJava(@Nullable GameVersionNumber gameVersion, @Nullable Version version) throws InterruptedException {
+        public @Nullable JavaRuntime getJava(@Nullable GameVersionNumber gameVersion, @Nullable GameInstanceManifest manifest) throws InterruptedException {
             JavaVersionType javaVersionType = getInheritable(GameSettings::javaTypeProperty);
             switch (javaVersionType) {
                 case AUTO:
-                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, manifest);
                 case CUSTOM:
                     try {
                         return JavaManager.getJava(Path.of(getInheritable(GameSettings::customJavaPathProperty)));
@@ -930,7 +941,7 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
                 case VERSION: {
                     String javaVersion = getInheritable(GameSettings::customJavaVersionProperty);
                     if (StringUtils.isBlank(javaVersion)) {
-                        return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                        return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, manifest);
                     }
 
                     int majorVersion = -1;
@@ -948,13 +959,13 @@ public sealed abstract class GameSettings extends ObservableSetting {
                     Collection<JavaRuntime> allJava = JavaManager.getAllJava().stream()
                             .filter(it -> it.getParsedVersion() == finalMajorVersion)
                             .collect(Collectors.toList());
-                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(allJava, gameVersion, version);
+                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(allJava, gameVersion, manifest);
                 }
                 case DETECTED: {
                     DetectedJava detectedJava = getInheritable(GameSettings::detectedJavaProperty);
                     String javaVersion = detectedJava.version();
                     if (StringUtils.isBlank(javaVersion)) {
-                        return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                        return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, manifest);
                     }
 
                     if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(detectedJava.pathHash())) {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameSettingsPresetID.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameSettingsPresets.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
@@ -44,7 +29,7 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 public final class GameSettingsPresets extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
     /// The JSON schema supported by this game settings preset store.
     public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+            new JsonSchema("game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 1));
 
     /// Creates an empty game settings preset store.
     public GameSettingsPresets() {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/GameWindowType.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 /// The initial display mode of the game window.

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/JavaVersionType.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2024 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2024 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/JsonSchemaSetting.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/JsonSettingFile.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
@@ -156,7 +141,14 @@ final class JsonSettingFile<T extends ObservableSetting & JsonSchemaSetting> {
     ///
     /// @param value the settings object to observe
     void installAutoSave(T value) {
-        value.addListener(source -> save(value));
+        value.addListener(observable -> {
+            if (value.shouldSaveImmediately(observable)) {
+                save(value);
+                value.setSavePending(false);
+            } else {
+                value.setSavePending(true);
+            }
+        });
     }
 
     /// Saves a settings object.

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/LauncherSettings.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2021 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.*;
@@ -34,12 +19,12 @@ import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableSetCreator;
 import org.hildan.fxgson.factories.JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AccountID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameInstanceID;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BackgroundLoadPolicy;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BuiltinBackground;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeReference;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
@@ -73,7 +58,6 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
     static final String PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE = "selectedInstance";
 
     /// Default launcher theme used when no stored theme reference is available.
-    public static final ThemeReference DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE = new ThemeReference("hmcl.default", null);
 
     /// Theme appearance override key for theme brightness mode.
     public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BRIGHTNESS_MODE = "themeBrightnessMode";
@@ -191,32 +175,7 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
         return language;
     }
 
-    /// Whether preview builds are accepted by update checks.
-    @SerializedName("acceptPreviewUpdate")
-    private final BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdate = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
 
-    /// Returns the preview update opt-in property.
-    public BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdateProperty() {
-        return acceptPreviewUpdate;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether automatic update dialogs are disabled.
-    @SerializedName("disableAutoShowUpdateDialog")
-    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialog = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the automatic update dialog disable property.
-    public BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty() {
-        return disableAutoShowUpdateDialog;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether April Fools features are disabled.
-    @SerializedName("disableAprilFools")
-    private final BooleanProperty disableAprilFools = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the April Fools disable property.
-    public BooleanProperty disableAprilFoolsProperty() {
-        return disableAprilFools;
-    }
 
     /// The common Minecraft directory selection mode.
     @SerializedName("commonDirectoryType")
@@ -264,23 +223,6 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
 
     // UI
 
-    // Theme selection
-
-    /// The installed theme selected by the launcher, or `null` when older settings do not contain a theme reference.
-    @SerializedName("selectedTheme")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedTheme =
-            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
-
-    /// Returns the selected installed theme property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedThemeProperty() {
-        return selectedTheme;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected installed theme, falling back to the built-in default theme.
-    public ThemeReference getSelectedThemeOrDefault() {
-        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(selectedTheme.get(), DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
-    }
-
     // Theme appearance overrides
 
     /// Theme appearance setting keys overridden by the launcher.
@@ -480,17 +422,19 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
 
     /// Whether UI animations are disabled.
     @SerializedName("animationDisabled")
-    private final BooleanProperty animationDisabled = new SimpleBooleanProperty(
-            FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE
-                    || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED
-                    || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED
-    );
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Boolean> animationDisabled = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
 
     /// Returns the UI animation disable property.
-    public BooleanProperty animationDisabledProperty() {
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Boolean> animationDisabledProperty() {
         return animationDisabled;
     }
 
+    public boolean isAnimationDisabled() {
+        // Avoid accessing FXUtils too early during startup
+        return Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(animationDisabled.get(), () ->
+                FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED);
+    }
+
     // Networks
 
     /// Whether HMCL automatically selects the number of download threads.
@@ -513,7 +457,7 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
 
     /// The selected game version list download source.
     @SerializedName("versionListSource")
-    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
+    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.MIRROR);
 
     /// Returns the selected game version list download source property.
     public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSourceProperty() {
@@ -522,7 +466,7 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
 
     /// The selected file download source.
     @SerializedName("fileDownloadSource")
-    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
+    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.MIRROR);
 
     /// Returns the selected file download source property.
     public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSourceProperty() {
@@ -621,34 +565,34 @@ public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSch
     ///
     /// This field is owned by [GameDirectoryManager]. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager] should not modify it directly.
     @SerializedName(PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE)
-    private final ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> selectedInstance = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
+    private final ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, GameInstanceID> selectedInstance = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
 
     /// Returns selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
     ///
     /// The map stores persisted selected instance values by game directory ID.
-    public ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> getSelectedInstance() {
+    public ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, GameInstanceID> getSelectedInstance() {
         return selectedInstance;
     }
 
     /// Returns the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
     ///
     /// The value is loaded by the game repository for the matching game directory.
-    public @Nullable String getSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId) {
+    public @Nullable GameInstanceID getSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId) {
         return gameDirectoryId != null ? selectedInstance.get(gameDirectoryId) : null;
     }
 
     /// Sets the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
     ///
     /// Blank values remove the persisted selected instance entry.
-    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId, @Nullable String selectedInstance) {
+    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId, @Nullable GameInstanceID selectedInstance) {
         if (gameDirectoryId == null) {
             return;
         }
 
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(selectedInstance)) {
-            this.selectedInstance.remove(gameDirectoryId);
-        } else {
+        if (selectedInstance != null) {
             this.selectedInstance.put(gameDirectoryId, selectedInstance);
+        } else {
+            this.selectedInstance.remove(gameDirectoryId);
         }
     }
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/LauncherState.java

@@ -1,37 +1,20 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
 import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
 import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -54,6 +37,15 @@ public final class LauncherState extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchema
         register();
     }
 
+    /// Returns whether the changed field should trigger automatic persistence immediately.
+    @Override
+    public boolean shouldSaveImmediately(Observable observable) {
+        return observable != x
+                && observable != y
+                && observable != width
+                && observable != height;
+    }
+
     /// The schema used by this launcher state file.
     @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
     private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
@@ -179,25 +171,6 @@ public final class LauncherState extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchema
         this.height.set(height);
     }
 
-    /// The latest update version that has already prompted the user.
-    @SerializedName("promptedVersion")
-    private final StringProperty promptedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the latest prompted update version.
-    public @Nullable String getPromptedVersion() {
-        return promptedVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the latest prompted update version property.
-    public StringProperty promptedVersionProperty() {
-        return promptedVersion;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the latest prompted update version.
-    public void setPromptedVersion(@Nullable String promptedVersion) {
-        this.promptedVersion.set(promptedVersion);
-    }
-
     /// Tip markers that prevent repeated prompts.
     @SerializedName("shownTips")
     private final ObservableMap<String, Object> shownTips = FXCollections.observableHashMap();

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/LauncherVisibility.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 /**

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/LegacyConfigMigrator.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.*;
@@ -352,7 +337,6 @@ public final class LegacyConfigMigrator {
         JsonObject current = new JsonObject();
         current.add(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA, JsonUtils.GSON.toJsonTree(UserState.CURRENT_SCHEMA, JsonSchema.class));
         copyMember(legacy, current, "agreementVersion");
-        copyMember(legacy, current, "terracottaAgreementVersion");
         copyMember(legacy, current, "platformPromptVersion");
         return Objects.requireNonNull(JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(current, UserState.class));
     }
@@ -411,7 +395,6 @@ public final class LegacyConfigMigrator {
         moveMember(json, state, "height");
         migrateLegacyWindowContentSize(state, "width");
         migrateLegacyWindowContentSize(state, "height");
-        moveMember(json, state, "promptedVersion");
         moveMember(json, state, "shownTips");
 
         LauncherState result = JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(state, LauncherState.class);
@@ -442,18 +425,12 @@ public final class LegacyConfigMigrator {
         if (authlibInjectorServers != null) {
             servers.add("servers", authlibInjectorServers);
         }
-        JsonElement addedLittleSkin = json.remove("addedLittleSkin");
-        boolean shouldAddLittleSkin = !(addedLittleSkin instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive
-                && primitive.isBoolean()
-                && primitive.getAsBoolean());
+        json.remove("addedLittleSkin");
 
         AuthlibInjectorServerList result = JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(servers, AuthlibInjectorServerList.class);
         if (result == null) {
             result = new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
         }
-        if (shouldAddLittleSkin) {
-            result.addLittleSkinIfAbsent();
-        }
         return result;
     }
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
@@ -73,22 +58,22 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
     }
 
     /// Legacy `VersionIconType` ordinal order used by old local settings.
-    private static final VersionIconType @Unmodifiable [] LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES = {
-            VersionIconType.DEFAULT,
-            VersionIconType.GRASS,
-            VersionIconType.CHEST,
-            VersionIconType.CHICKEN,
-            VersionIconType.COMMAND,
-            VersionIconType.OPTIFINE,
-            VersionIconType.CRAFT_TABLE,
-            VersionIconType.FABRIC,
-            VersionIconType.FORGE,
-            VersionIconType.NEO_FORGE,
-            VersionIconType.FURNACE,
-            VersionIconType.QUILT,
-            VersionIconType.APRIL_FOOLS,
-            VersionIconType.CLEANROOM,
-            VersionIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC
+    private static final GameInstanceIconType @Unmodifiable [] LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES = {
+            GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT,
+            GameInstanceIconType.GRASS,
+            GameInstanceIconType.CHEST,
+            GameInstanceIconType.CHICKEN,
+            GameInstanceIconType.COMMAND,
+            GameInstanceIconType.OPTIFINE,
+            GameInstanceIconType.CRAFT_TABLE,
+            GameInstanceIconType.FABRIC,
+            GameInstanceIconType.FORGE,
+            GameInstanceIconType.NEO_FORGE,
+            GameInstanceIconType.FURNACE,
+            GameInstanceIconType.QUILT,
+            GameInstanceIconType.APRIL_FOOLS,
+            GameInstanceIconType.CLEANROOM,
+            GameInstanceIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC
     };
 
     /// Legacy `JavaVersionType` ordinal order used by old game settings.
@@ -130,14 +115,14 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
     /// @return the migrated instance setting, or `null` when no legacy file can be migrated
     public static @Nullable InstanceMigrationResult migrateInstanceGameSettings(
             HMCLGameRepository repository,
-            String instanceId,
+            GameInstanceID instanceId,
             @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent) {
-        Path instanceRoot = repository.getVersionRoot(instanceId);
+        Path instanceRoot = repository.getLayout().getInstanceRoot(instanceId);
         Path file = instanceRoot.resolve(LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_FILENAME);
         if (!Files.exists(file)) {
             return null;
         }
-        Path receiptLocation = repository.getInstanceStateDirectory(instanceId)
+        Path receiptLocation = repository.getLayout().getInstanceStateDirectory(instanceId)
                 .resolve(LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_MIGRATION_RECEIPT_FILENAME);
         if (MigrationReceipt.matches(receiptLocation, file)) {
             LOG.info("Skipping already migrated legacy version setting " + file);
@@ -271,7 +256,7 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
                     GameSettings.PROPERTY_NOT_PATCH_NATIVES,
                     GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_CUSTOM_NATIVES,
                     GameSettings.PROPERTY_NATIVES_DIRECTORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW_OR_SDL,
                     GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_OPENAL
             ));
         }
@@ -342,7 +327,7 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
         boolean useCustomNatives = isLegacyCustomNativesDirectory(source);
         target.useCustomNativesProperty().setValue(useCustomNatives);
         target.nativesDirectoryProperty().setValue(useCustomNatives ? JsonUtils.getString(source, "nativesDir", "") : "");
-        target.useNativeGLFWProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useNativeGLFW", false));
+        target.useNativeGLFWorSDLProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useNativeGLFW", false));
         target.useNativeOpenALProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useNativeOpenAL", false));
     }
 
@@ -488,10 +473,10 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
     }
 
     /// Parses the legacy icon selection with frozen ordinal order.
-    private static VersionIconType parseLegacyVersionIconType(@Nullable JsonObject source) {
+    private static GameInstanceIconType parseLegacyVersionIconType(@Nullable JsonObject source) {
         JsonPrimitive primitive = JsonUtils.getPrimitive(source, "versionIcon");
         if (primitive == null) {
-            return VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
+            return GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT;
         }
 
         try {
@@ -499,11 +484,11 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
                 int index = primitive.getAsInt();
                 return index >= 0 && index < LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES.length
                         ? LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES[index]
-                        : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
+                        : GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT;
             }
 
             String value = primitive.getAsString();
-            for (VersionIconType iconType : LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES) {
+            for (GameInstanceIconType iconType : LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES) {
                 if (iconType.name().equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
                     return iconType;
                 }
@@ -511,7 +496,7 @@ public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
         } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
         }
 
-        return VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
+        return GameInstanceIconType.DEFAULT;
     }
 
     /// Reads an enum property from either ordinal or name.

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/MigrationReceipt.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/MirrorRoots.java

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// Ranks BMCLAPI-compatible mirror roots by a lightweight latency probe.
+///
+/// Game downloads are many small/medium files. Racing the same file across mirrors wastes
+/// volunteer OpenBMCLAPI bandwidth; ranking entry points and keeping file-level concurrency
+/// (plus ordered fallback) is the better fit for that workload.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class MirrorRoots {
+    /// Public BMCLAPI entry points that speak the same path layout.
+    public static final @Unmodifiable List<String> DEFAULT_ROOTS = List.of(
+            "https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com",
+            "https://bmclapi.bangbang93.com"
+    );
+
+    private static final String PROBE_PATH = "/mc/game/version_manifest.json";
+    private static final long REPROBE_INTERVAL_NANOS = 30L * 60L * 1_000_000_000L;
+
+    private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> rankedRoots = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(DEFAULT_ROOTS);
+    private final AtomicBoolean probing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    private volatile long lastProbeNanos;
+
+    /// Creates a ranker seeded with the built-in BMCLAPI roots, or a single override root.
+    public MirrorRoots(@Nullable String overrideRoot) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(overrideRoot)) {
+            WebURL url;
+            try {
+                url = WebURL.parseBrowserInput(overrideRoot);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                url = null;
+                LOG.warning("Invalid BMCLAPI override URL: " + overrideRoot, e);
+            }
+            if (url != null) {
+                rankedRoots.clear();
+                rankedRoots.add(StringUtils.removeSuffix(url.toString(), "/"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current ranked mirror roots (fastest first). Never empty.
+    public @Unmodifiable List<String> getRankedRoots() {
+        List<String> snapshot = List.copyOf(rankedRoots);
+        return snapshot.isEmpty() ? DEFAULT_ROOTS : snapshot;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current primary (fastest) mirror root.
+    public String getPrimaryRoot() {
+        return getRankedRoots().get(0);
+    }
+
+    /// Starts a background probe when none is running and the previous result is stale.
+    public void maybeProbeAsync() {
+        if (rankedRoots.size() <= 1)
+            return;
+        long now = System.nanoTime();
+        if (now - lastProbeNanos < REPROBE_INTERVAL_NANOS && lastProbeNanos != 0)
+            return;
+        if (!probing.compareAndSet(false, true))
+            return;
+
+        Schedulers.io().execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                probeAndRank();
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to probe download mirrors", t);
+            } finally {
+                lastProbeNanos = System.nanoTime();
+                probing.set(false);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void probeAndRank() {
+        List<String> candidates = List.copyOf(rankedRoots);
+        if (candidates.size() <= 1)
+            return;
+
+        record Score(String root, long nanos, boolean ok) {
+        }
+
+        List<Score> scores = new ArrayList<>(candidates.size());
+        for (String root : candidates) {
+            long started = System.nanoTime();
+            boolean ok = false;
+            try {
+                HttpURLConnection connection = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(root + PROBE_PATH);
+                connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
+                connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
+                connection.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=0-0");
+                connection.connect();
+                int code = connection.getResponseCode();
+                // Accept normal OK, partial content, or redirect-resolved success.
+                ok = code >= 200 && code < 400;
+                connection.disconnect();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.info("Mirror probe failed for " + root + ": " + e);
+            }
+            scores.add(new Score(root, System.nanoTime() - started, ok));
+        }
+
+        scores.sort(Comparator
+                .comparing((Score score) -> !score.ok)
+                .thenComparingLong(Score::nanos));
+
+        List<String> next = scores.stream().map(Score::root).toList();
+        if (!next.equals(candidates)) {
+            rankedRoots.clear();
+            rankedRoots.addAll(next);
+            LOG.info("Ranked download mirrors: " + next);
+        }
+    }
+}

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/ProtectedPayload.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonArray;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/ProxyManager.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/ProxyType.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/SambaException.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 public final class SambaException extends RuntimeException {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/SettingFileAccess.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/SettingFileUtils.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/SettingsManager.java

@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2020 The HMCL Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH AdditionRef-HMCL
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
 
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
@@ -55,6 +40,20 @@ public final class SettingsManager {
     private SettingsManager() {
     }
 
+    /// Saves deferred launcher state changes and shutdown file saver.
+    public static void shutdown() {
+        savePendingChanges();
+        FileSaver.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    /// Saves deferred launcher state changes.
+    public static void savePendingChanges() {
+        if (launcherState != null && launcherState.isSavable() && launcherState.isSavePending()) {
+            launcherState.setSavePending(false);
+            STATE_FILE.save(launcherState);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// The local directory storing per-workspace configuration files.
     private static final Path LOCAL_CONFIG_FILES_DIRECTORY = Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("config");