[release/3.12] 更新文言文翻译 (#5849 )

https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5845
[release/3.12] Update default Java version to JAVA_25 (#5846 )
2026-03-24 21:44:35 +08:00 · 2026-03-24 21:38:17 +08:00 · 2026-03-24 21:37:49 +08:00 · 2026-03-24 21:37:20 +08:00
583 changed files with 16661 additions and 53354 deletions
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-# Default: normalize all text files to LF in the repository and on checkout.
-# Git auto-detects binary files and leaves them untouched.
-* text=auto eol=lf
-
-# ─── Explicitly text – source & build ────────────────────────────────────────
-*.java        text eol=lf
-*.kt          text eol=lf
-*.kts         text eol=lf
-*.groovy      text eol=lf
-*.gradle      text eol=lf
-
-# ─── Configuration & data ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-*.properties  text eol=lf
-*.toml        text eol=lf
-*.xml         text eol=lf
-*.json        text eol=lf
-*.yaml        text eol=lf
-*.yml         text eol=lf
-*.csv         text eol=lf
-*.html        text eol=lf
-*.css         text eol=lf
-*.txt         text eol=lf
-*.md          text eol=lf
-*.svg         text eol=lf
-*.MF          text eol=lf
-
-# Gradle dependency-lock files
-*.lockfile    text eol=lf
-
-# ─── Scripts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-# Unix shell scripts must always use LF so they stay executable on Linux/macOS.
-*.sh          text eol=lf
-gradlew       text eol=lf
-
-# CI pipeline scripts
-Jenkinsfile   text eol=lf
-
-# Windows batch files must keep CRLF so cmd.exe can parse them.
-*.bat         text eol=crlf
-
-# ─── Binary files ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-# Raster / animated images
-*.png         binary
-*.apng        binary
-*.jpg         binary
-*.jpeg        binary
-*.webp        binary
-*.gif         binary
-*.ico         binary
-
-# Archives & compiled artifacts
-*.jar         binary
-*.zip         binary
-*.class       binary
-
-# Cryptographic / certificate files
-*.der         binary
-
-# Minecraft schematic
-*.litematic   binary
-
-# Compiled / intermediate build artefacts
-*.bin         binary
-*.probe       binary
-
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = async ({ github, context, core }) => {
-    const owner = context.repo.owner;
-    const repo = context.repo.repo;
-    const ignoredFilePatterns = [
-        /(?:^|\/)\.cnb\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.gitee\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.github\/.+\.ya?ml$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.idea\/.+\.xml$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.editorconfig$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.gitattributes$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)\.gitignore$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/).+\.kts$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/).+\.md$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)LICENSE(?:_.*)?$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)gradlew(?:\.bat|\.ps1)?$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)gradle\/wrapper\/gradle-wrapper\.properties$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)lang\/.+\.properties$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)l10n\/.+\.properties$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/)checkstyle\.xml$/i,
-        /(?:^|\/).+\.(?:png|jpe?g|gif|ico|svg|json|ttf|woff2?|webp|avif|jxl|heic|mp4|webm|mp3|ogg|wav|txt|toml)$/i
-    ];
-
-    async function processPR(issueNumber) {
-        const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
-            owner, repo, pull_number: issueNumber, per_page: 100,
-        });
-
-        const countedFiles = [];
-        const ignoredFiles = [];
-        let totalChanges = 0;
-
-        for (const file of files) {
-            const ignored = ignoredFilePatterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(file.filename));
-            if (ignored) {
-                ignoredFiles.push(file.filename);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const fileChanges = file.changes ?? ((file.additions || 0) + (file.deletions || 0));
-            totalChanges += fileChanges;
-            countedFiles.push(`${file.filename} (${fileChanges})`);
-        }
-
-        let targetLabel;
-        if (totalChanges <= 9) targetLabel = "1+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 39) targetLabel = "10+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 99) targetLabel = "40+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 499) targetLabel = "100+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 999) targetLabel = "500+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 1999) targetLabel = "1000+";
-        else if (totalChanges <= 4999) targetLabel = "2000+";
-        else targetLabel = "5000+";
-
-        const currentLabels = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue, {
-            owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, per_page: 100,
-        });
-
-        const sizeLabels = currentLabels.map(label => label.name).filter(name => /^\d+\+$/.test(name));
-
-        for (const name of sizeLabels) {
-            if (name !== targetLabel) {
-                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
-                    owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, name,
-                }).catch(() => { });
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!currentLabels.some(label => label.name === targetLabel)) {
-            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
-                owner, repo, issue_number: issueNumber, labels: [targetLabel],
-            });
-        }
-
-        core.info(`Pull request #${issueNumber} has ${totalChanges} counted changed lines, applied ${targetLabel}.`);
-        core.info(`Ignored files: ${ignoredFiles.length ? ignoredFiles.join(", ") : "none"}`);
-        core.info(`Counted files: ${countedFiles.length ? countedFiles.join(", ") : "none"}`);
-    }
-
-    if (context.eventName === "workflow_dispatch") {
-        core.info("Manual trigger detected. Fetching all open pull requests...");
-
-        const openPRs = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.list, {
-            owner, repo, state: "open", per_page: 100,
-        });
-
-        const unlabelledPRs = openPRs.filter(pr => {
-            return !pr.labels.some(label => /^\d+\+$/.test(label.name));
-        });
-
-        core.info(`Found ${openPRs.length} open pull request(s), ${unlabelledPRs.length} of them lack a size label.`);
-
-        for (const pr of unlabelledPRs) {
-            core.info(`----------------------------------------`);
-            core.info(`Processing unlabelled pull request #${pr.number}: ${pr.title}`);
-            await processPR(pr.number);
-        }
-    } else {
-        const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
-        if (!pr) {
-            core.info("No pull request found in payload, skipping.");
-            return;
-        }
-        await processPR(pr.number);
-    }
-}
@@ -48,9 +48,3 @@ jobs:
        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-sh
        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.sh
        archive: false
-    - name: Upload DEB
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      with:
-        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-deb
-        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.deb
-        archive: false
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: PR Size Label
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - reopened
-      - synchronize
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  label:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout scripts
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: |
-            .github/scripts
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
-      - name: Label PR by filtered changed lines
-        uses: actions/github-script@v9
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const script = require("./.github/scripts/pr-size-label.js");
-            await script({ github, context, core });
@@ -46,20 +46,16 @@ jobs:
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256"
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256"
-          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
-          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256"
      - name: Verify artifacts
        if: ${{ env.continue == 'true' }}
        run: |
          export JAR_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          export EXE_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          export SH_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
-          export DEB_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          
          echo "$JAR_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar" | sha256sum -c
          echo "$EXE_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe" | sha256sum -c
          echo "$SH_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh" | sha256sum -c
-          echo "$DEB_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb" | sha256sum -c
      - name: Generate release note
        if: ${{ env.continue == 'true' }}
        run: |
@@ -71,7 +67,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256)\` |" >> RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256)\` |" >> RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh)   | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256)\` |"  >> RELEASE_NOTE
-          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256)\` |"  >> RELEASE_NOTE
          
          # CNB Release Note
          echo "[更新日志](https://docs.hmcl.net/changelog/${{ matrix.channel }}.html#HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION)" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
@@ -81,8 +76,6 @@ jobs:
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256)\` |" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256)\` |" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh)   | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256)\` |"  >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
-          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256)\` |"  >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
-
        env:
          GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/releases/download
          CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL: https://cnb.cool/HMCL-dev/HMCL/-/releases/download
@@ -93,7 +86,6 @@ jobs:
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.exe" \
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.jar" \
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.sh" \
-            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.deb" \
            --target "${{ env.HMCL_COMMIT_SHA }}" \
            --title "${{ env.HMCL_TAG_NAME }}" \
            --notes-file RELEASE_NOTE \
@@ -128,9 +120,6 @@ jobs:

           echo "Uploading HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
           ~/go/bin/git-cnb release asset-upload --repo="$CNB_REPO" --tag-name "$HMCL_TAG_NAME" --file-name "HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
-          
-          echo "Uploading HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
-           ~/go/bin/git-cnb release asset-upload --repo="$CNB_REPO" --tag-name "$HMCL_TAG_NAME" --file-name "HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
        env:
          CNB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CNB_SYNC_TOKEN }}
          CNB_REPO: HMCL-dev/HMCL
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ hs_err_pid*
 *.hprof

 .gradle
-gradle.properties

 *.lck
 *.1
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ NVIDIA
 minecraft-exported-crash-info*
 hmcl-exported-logs-*
 terracotta-log-*
-*.hmcl-theme
 /.java/
 /.local/
 /.cache/
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@ language-subtag-registry
 # eclipse
 /bin/
 /HMCL/bin/
-/HMCLBoot/bin/
 /HMCLCore/bin/
 /minecraft/libraries/HMCLTransformerDiscoveryService/bin/
 /minecraft/libraries/HMCLMultiMCBootstrap/bin/
@@ -67,10 +64,4 @@ language-subtag-registry
 # test
 /hmcl.json
 /.hmcl.json
-/.hmcl/
-
-# AI
-/.gemini/
-!/.gemini/config.yaml
-.codex
-/.gradle-*/
+/.hmcl/
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<component name="CopyrightManager">
-  <copyright>
-    <option name="notice" value="Hello Minecraft! Launcher&#10;Copyright (C) &amp;#36;today.year huangyuhui &lt;huanghongxun2008@126.com&gt; and contributors&#10;&#10;This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify&#10;it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by&#10;the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or&#10;(at your option) any later version.&#10;&#10;This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,&#10;but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of&#10;MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the&#10;GNU General Public License for more details.&#10;&#10;You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License&#10;along with this program.  If not, see &lt;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;." />
-    <option name="myName" value="HMCL" />
-  </copyright>
-</component>
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<component name="CopyrightManager">
-  <settings default="HMCL">
-    <LanguageOptions name="JAVA">
-      <option name="fileTypeOverride" value="3" />
-      <option name="addBlankAfter" value="false" />
-    </LanguageOptions>
-  </settings>
-</component>
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# Java Code Style Requirements
-
-These rules apply to all Java code written or modified in this repository.
-
-## Nullability
-
- Every class declared in a newly added Java source file must be annotated with JetBrains Annotations `@NotNullByDefault`.
- When writing or modifying Java code, any type, field, parameter, return value, local variable, or generic type argument that may be `null` must be explicitly annotated with `@Nullable`.
- Nullability in code being written or modified must never be implicit.
-
-## Immutability
-
- Immutable arrays and collections must be explicitly annotated with JetBrains Annotations `@Unmodifiable` or `@UnmodifiableView` as appropriate.
- For arrays, use type-use syntax such as `String @Unmodifiable []`.
-
-## Documentation
-
-Apply the following requirements when writing or modifying code. Do not use them as code-review criteria.
-
- Every class, field, and method must have documentation.
- Documentation must use `///` Markdown-style Javadoc comments.
- Keep documentation accurate and specific to the actual behavior, constraints, and side effects.
- Add concise implementation comments inside complex logic whenever they materially improve readability or explain non-obvious behavior.
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLanguageList
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.UpsideDownTranslate
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.mod.ParseModDataTask
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.CreateDeb
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.ReleaseType
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.utils.PropertiesUtils
 import java.net.URI
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
@@ -52,27 +50,22 @@ if (buildNumber != null) {
    }
 }

-val embedResources = configurations.register("embedResources")
+val embedResources by configurations.registering

 dependencies {
    implementation(project(":HMCLCore"))
    implementation(project(":HMCLBoot"))
    implementation("libs:JFoenix")
-    implementation(libs.jwebp)
-    implementation(libs.fxsvgimage)
+    implementation(libs.twelvemonkeys.imageio.webp)
    implementation(libs.java.info)
    implementation(libs.monet.fx)
    implementation(libs.nayuki.qrcodegen)
-    implementation(libs.uuid.tools)
-
-    testImplementation(libs.jimfs)

    if (launcherExe.isBlank()) {
        implementation(libs.hmclauncher)
    }

    embedResources(libs.authlib.injector)
-    embedResources(libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent)
 }

 fun digest(algorithm: String, bytes: ByteArray): ByteArray = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm).digest(bytes)
@@ -162,11 +155,10 @@ val hmclProperties = buildList {
    add("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id" to microsoftAuthId)
    add("hmcl.curseforge.apikey" to curseForgeApiKey)
    add("hmcl.authlib-injector.version" to libs.authlib.injector.get().version!!)
-    add("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version" to libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent.get().version!!)
 }

 val hmclPropertiesFile = layout.buildDirectory.file("hmcl.properties")
-val createPropertiesFile = tasks.register("createPropertiesFile") {
+val createPropertiesFile by tasks.registering {
    outputs.file(hmclPropertiesFile)
    hmclProperties.forEach { (k, v) -> inputs.property(k, v) }

@@ -200,7 +192,7 @@ tasks.shadowJar {
    exclude("META-INF/services/javax.imageio.spi.ImageInputStreamSpi")

    listOf(
-        "aix-*", "sunos-*", "openbsd-*", "dragonflybsd-*", "freebsd-*", "linux-*",
+        "aix-*", "sunos-*", "openbsd-*", "dragonflybsd-*", "freebsd-*", "linux-*", "darwin-*",
        "*-ppc", "*-ppc64le", "*-s390x", "*-armel",
    ).forEach { exclude("com/sun/jna/$it/**") }

@@ -256,22 +248,20 @@ tasks.processResources {
    }
 }

-fun artifactFile(ext: String) = jarPath.resolveSibling(jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + ext)
-
-val makeExecutables = tasks.register("makeExecutables") {
+val makeExecutables by tasks.registering {
    val extensions = listOf("exe", "sh")

    dependsOn(tasks.jar)

    inputs.file(jarPath)
-    outputs.files(extensions.map { artifactFile(it) })
+    outputs.files(extensions.map { File(jarPath.parentFile, jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + it) })

    doLast {
        val jarContent = jarPath.readBytes()

        ZipFile(jarPath).use { zipFile ->
            for (extension in extensions) {
-                val output = artifactFile(extension)
+                val output = File(jarPath.parentFile, jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + extension)
                val entry = zipFile.getEntry("assets/HMCLauncher.$extension")
                    ?: throw GradleException("HMCLauncher.$extension not found")

@@ -286,31 +276,8 @@ val makeExecutables = tasks.register("makeExecutables") {
    }
 }

-val makeDeb = tasks.register("makeDeb", CreateDeb::class) {
-    dependsOn(makeExecutables)
-
-    val debFile = layout.file(provider { artifactFile("deb") })
-
-    val debChannel = when (versionType) {
-        "stable" -> ReleaseType.STABLE
-        "dev" -> ReleaseType.DEVELOPMENT
-        else -> ReleaseType.NIGHTLY
-    }
-
-    version.set(project.version.toString())
-    releaseType.set(debChannel)
-    appShFile.set(layout.file(provider { artifactFile("sh") }))
-    iconFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("image/hmcl.png"))
-    outputFile.set(debFile)
-
-    doLast {
-        createChecksum(debFile.get().asFile)
-    }
-}
-
 tasks.build {
    dependsOn(makeExecutables)
-    dependsOn(makeDeb)
 }

 fun parseToolOptions(options: String?): MutableList<String> {
@@ -407,14 +374,12 @@ val upgradeTerracottaConfig = tasks.register<TerracottaConfigUpgradeTask>("upgra
    val destination = layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/terracotta.json")
    val source = layout.projectDirectory.file("terracotta-template.json");

-    classifiers.set(
-        listOf(
-            "windows-x86_64", "windows-arm64",
-            "macos-x86_64", "macos-arm64",
-            "linux-x86_64", "linux-arm64", "linux-loongarch64", "linux-riscv64",
-            "freebsd-x86_64"
-        )
-    )
+    classifiers.set(listOf(
+        "windows-x86_64", "windows-arm64",
+        "macos-x86_64", "macos-arm64",
+        "linux-x86_64", "linux-arm64", "linux-loongarch64", "linux-riscv64",
+        "freebsd-x86_64"
+    ))

    version.set(libs.versions.terracotta)
    downloadURL.set($$"https://github.com/burningtnt/Terracotta/releases/download/v${version}/terracotta-${version}-${classifier}-pkg.tar.gz")
@@ -438,19 +403,19 @@ tasks.register<CheckTranslations>("checkTranslations") {

 val generatedDir = layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated")

-val upsideDownTranslate = tasks.register<UpsideDownTranslate>("upsideDownTranslate") {
+val upsideDownTranslate by tasks.registering(UpsideDownTranslate::class) {
    inputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N.properties"))
    outputFile.set(generatedDir.map { it.file("generated/i18n/I18N_en_Qabs.properties") })
 }

-val createLanguageList = tasks.register<CreateLanguageList>("createLanguageList") {
+val createLanguageList by tasks.registering(CreateLanguageList::class) {
    resourceBundleDir.set(layout.projectDirectory.dir("src/main/resources/assets/lang"))
    resourceBundleBaseName.set("I18N")
    additionalLanguages.set(listOf("en-Qabs"))
    outputFile.set(generatedDir.map { it.file("languages.json") })
 }

-val createLocaleNamesResourceBundle = tasks.register<CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle>("createLocaleNamesResourceBundle") {
+val createLocaleNamesResourceBundle by tasks.registering(CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle::class) {
    dependsOn(createLanguageList)

    languagesFile.set(createLanguageList.flatMap { it.outputFile })
@@ -23,13 +23,21 @@ import com.jfoenix.controls.events.JFXDialogEvent;
 import com.jfoenix.converters.DialogTransitionConverter;
 import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
 import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
-import javafx.animation.*;
+import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.animation.Transition;
 import javafx.beans.DefaultProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.BooleanProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectPropertyBase;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleBooleanProperty;
-import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.CssMetaData;
+import javafx.css.SimpleStyleableObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.Styleable;
+import javafx.css.StyleableObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.StyleableProperty;
 import javafx.event.Event;
 import javafx.event.EventHandler;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
@@ -41,6 +49,7 @@ import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
 import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
 import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
+import javafx.scene.layout.CornerRadii;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
 import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
@@ -146,6 +155,7 @@ public class JFXDialog extends StackPane {
        });

        contentHolder = new StackPane();
+        contentHolder.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.WHITE, new CornerRadii(2), null)));
        JFXDepthManager.setDepth(contentHolder, 4);
        contentHolder.setPickOnBounds(false);
        // ensure stackpane is never resized beyond it's preferred size
@@ -371,14 +381,6 @@ public class JFXDialog extends StackPane {
            setCycleDuration(Duration.seconds(0.4));
            setDelay(Duration.ZERO);
        }
-
-        @Override
-        protected void starting() {
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        protected void stopping() {
-        }
    }

    /***************************************************************************
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.useJFXContextMenu;

@@ -67,16 +68,12 @@ public class JFXPasswordField extends PasswordField {

    private void initialize() {
        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
-        useJFXContextMenu(this);
-    }
+        if ("dalvik".equals(System.getProperty("java.vm.name").toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))) {
+            this.setStyle("-fx-skin: \"com.jfoenix.android.skins.JFXPasswordFieldSkinAndroid\";");
+        }

-    /// Prevents the legacy JFoenix skin from continuously requesting another layout pass.
-    // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/5822
-    // TODO: This method may no longer be needed after we update JFXTextFieldSkin
-    @Override
-    protected void layoutChildren() {
-        super.layoutChildren();
-        this.setNeedsLayout(false);
+
+        useJFXContextMenu(this);
    }

    /**
@@ -297,3 +294,4 @@ public class JFXPasswordField extends PasswordField {
    }

 }
+
@@ -231,11 +231,10 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
     *
     * @return the ripple radius size
     */
-    protected double computeRippleRadius(double centerX, double centerY) {
-        double dx = Math.max(centerX, control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() - centerX);
-        double dy = Math.max(centerY, control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() - centerY);
-
-        return (Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) / 0.9) + 2;
+    protected double computeRippleRadius() {
+        double width2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() * control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth();
+        double height2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() * control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight();
+        return Math.min(Math.sqrt(width2 + height2), RIPPLE_MAX_RADIUS) * 1.1 + 5;
    }

    protected void setOverLayBounds(Rectangle overlay) {
@@ -474,7 +473,7 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                super(centerX,
                        centerY,
                        getRipplerRadius() == Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE ?
-                                computeRippleRadius(centerX, centerY) : getRipplerRadius(), null);
+                                computeRippleRadius() : getRipplerRadius(), null);
                setCache(true);
                setCacheHint(CacheHint.SPEED);
                setCacheShape(true);
@@ -519,7 +518,7 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                        new KeyValue(opacityProperty(),
                                1,
                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR)
-                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(600), inKeyValues));
+                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(900), inKeyValues));

                setScaleX(0);
                setScaleY(0);
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ public class JFXSnackbarLayout extends BorderPane {
        StackPane toastContainer = new StackPane(toast);
        toastContainer.setPadding(new Insets(20));
        actionContainer = new StackPane();
-        actionContainer.setVisible(false);
-        actionContainer.setManaged(false);
+        actionContainer.setPadding(new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0));

        toast.prefWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.createDoubleBinding(() -> {
            if (getPrefWidth() == -1) {
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ public class JFXSnackbarLayout extends BorderPane {
            actionContainer.getChildren().add(action);

            if (!actionText.isEmpty()) {
-                actionContainer.setPadding(new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0));
                action.setVisible(true);
                actionContainer.setVisible(true);
                actionContainer.setManaged(true);
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
-// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
-//
-
-package com.jfoenix.skins;
-
-import com.jfoenix.adapters.skins.ComboBoxListViewSkin;
-import com.jfoenix.concurrency.JFXUtilities;
-import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXComboBox;
-import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
-import javafx.animation.*;
-import javafx.application.Platform;
-import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
-import javafx.beans.binding.BooleanBinding;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.event.EventTarget;
-import javafx.geometry.Insets;
-import javafx.geometry.Pos;
-import javafx.scene.Node;
-import javafx.scene.control.ComboBoxBase;
-import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
-import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
-import javafx.scene.layout.*;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
-import javafx.scene.text.Text;
-import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
-import javafx.util.Duration;
-
-import java.util.List;
-
-public class JFXComboBoxListViewSkin<T> extends ComboBoxListViewSkin<T> {
-    protected final ObjectProperty<Paint> promptTextFill;
-    private boolean invalid = true;
-    private final StackPane customPane;
-    private final StackPane line = new StackPane();
-    private final StackPane focusedLine = new StackPane();
-    private final Text promptText = new Text();
-    private final double initScale = 0.05;
-    private final Scale scale;
-    private final Timeline linesAnimation;
-    private ParallelTransition transition;
-    private CachedTransition promptTextUpTransition;
-    private CachedTransition promptTextDownTransition;
-    private CachedTransition promptTextColorTransition;
-    private final Scale promptTextScale;
-    private Paint oldPromptTextFill;
-    private final BooleanBinding usePromptText;
-
-    public JFXComboBoxListViewSkin(JFXComboBox<T> comboBox) {
-        super(comboBox);
-        this.scale = new Scale(this.initScale, 1.0F);
-        this.linesAnimation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO, new KeyValue(this.scale.xProperty(), this.initScale, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.focusedLine.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1.0F), new KeyValue(this.focusedLine.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(160.0F), new KeyValue(this.scale.xProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)));
-        this.promptTextScale = new Scale(1.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-        this.promptTextFill = new SimpleObjectProperty(Color.valueOf("#B2B2B2"));
-        this.usePromptText = Bindings.createBooleanBinding(this::usePromptText, ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).valueProperty(), this.getSkinnable().promptTextProperty());
-        this.getArrowButton().setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, null, null)));
-        this.promptText.textProperty().bind(comboBox.promptTextProperty());
-        this.promptText.fillProperty().bind(this.promptTextFill);
-        this.promptText.getStyleClass().addAll("text", "prompt-text");
-        this.promptText.getTransforms().add(this.promptTextScale);
-        if (!comboBox.isLabelFloat()) {
-            this.promptText.visibleProperty().bind(this.usePromptText);
-        }
-
-        this.customPane = new StackPane();
-        this.customPane.setMouseTransparent(true);
-        this.customPane.getStyleClass().add("combo-box-button-container");
-        this.customPane.backgroundProperty().bindBidirectional(this.getSkinnable().backgroundProperty());
-        this.customPane.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, null, null)));
-        this.customPane.getChildren().add(this.promptText);
-        this.getChildren().add(0, this.customPane);
-        StackPane.setAlignment(this.promptText, Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
-        this.line.getStyleClass().add("input-line");
-        this.focusedLine.getStyleClass().add("input-focused-line");
-        this.getChildren().add(this.line);
-        this.getChildren().add(this.focusedLine);
-        this.line.setPrefHeight(1.0F);
-        this.line.setTranslateY(1.0F);
-        this.line.setManaged(false);
-        this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-        if (this.getSkinnable().isDisabled()) {
-            this.line.setBorder(new Border(new BorderStroke(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), BorderStrokeStyle.DASHED, CornerRadii.EMPTY, new BorderWidths(1.0F))));
-            this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-        }
-
-        this.focusedLine.setPrefHeight(2.0F);
-        this.focusedLine.setTranslateY(0.0F);
-        this.focusedLine.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-        this.focusedLine.setOpacity(0.0F);
-        this.focusedLine.getTransforms().add(this.scale);
-        this.focusedLine.setManaged(false);
-        if (comboBox.isEditable()) {
-            comboBox.getEditor().setStyle("-fx-background-color:TRANSPARENT;-fx-padding: 4 8 4 8");
-            comboBox.getEditor().promptTextProperty().unbind();
-            comboBox.getEditor().setPromptText(null);
-            comboBox.getEditor().textProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-                this.usePromptText.invalidate();
-                comboBox.setValue(this.getConverter().fromString(newVal));
-            });
-        }
-
-        comboBox.labelFloatProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (newVal) {
-                this.promptText.visibleProperty().unbind();
-                JFXUtilities.runInFX(() -> this.createFloatingAnimation());
-            } else {
-                this.promptText.visibleProperty().bind(this.usePromptText);
-            }
-
-            this.createFocusTransition();
-        });
-        comboBox.focusColorProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (newVal != null) {
-                this.focusedLine.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-                if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
-                    this.promptTextColorTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptTextFill, newVal, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
-                        {
-                            this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
-                            this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(160.0F));
-                        }
-
-                        protected void starting() {
-                            super.starting();
-                            JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.oldPromptTextFill = JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.promptTextFill.get();
-                        }
-                    };
-                    this.transition = null;
-                }
-            }
-
-        });
-        comboBox.unFocusColorProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (newVal != null) {
-                this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-            }
-
-        });
-        comboBox.disabledProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            this.line.setBorder(newVal ? new Border(new BorderStroke(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), BorderStrokeStyle.DASHED, CornerRadii.EMPTY, new BorderWidths(this.line.getHeight()))) : Border.EMPTY);
-            this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal ? Color.TRANSPARENT : ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
-        });
-        comboBox.focusedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (newVal) {
-                this.focus();
-            } else {
-                this.unFocus();
-            }
-
-        });
-        comboBox.valueProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
-            if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
-                this.animateFloatingLabel(newVal != null && !newVal.toString().isEmpty());
-            }
-
-        });
-
-        for (Node child : getChildren()) {
-            if (child instanceof ListView<?> listView && "list-view".equals(listView.getId())) {
-                // The default hideOnClick logic of ComboBoxListViewSkin doesn't work well with FloatScrollBarSkin.
-                // We implement hideOnClick ourselves to prevent the popup from
-                // hiding when releasing the mouse on the scrollbar.
-
-                this.setHideOnClick(false);
-                listView.addEventFilter(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, t -> {
-                    EventTarget target = t.getTarget();
-                    if (target instanceof Node targetNode) {
-                        List<String> s = targetNode.getStyleClass();
-                        if (s.contains("thumb")
-                                || s.contains("track")
-                                || s.contains("decrement-arrow")
-                                || s.contains("increment-arrow")) {
-                            return;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    comboBox.hide();
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
-        super.layoutChildren(x, y, w, h);
-        this.customPane.resizeRelocate(x, y, w, h);
-        if (this.invalid) {
-            this.invalid = false;
-            if (!this.getSkinnable().isEditable()) {
-                Text javaPromptText = (Text) super.getDisplayNode().lookup(".text");
-                if (javaPromptText != null) {
-                    this.promptTextFill.set(javaPromptText.getFill());
-                }
-            }
-
-            this.createFloatingAnimation();
-            if (((ComboBoxBase) this.getSkinnable()).getValue() != null) {
-                this.animateFloatingLabel(true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        this.focusedLine.resizeRelocate(x, this.getSkinnable().getHeight(), w, this.focusedLine.prefHeight(-1.0F));
-        this.line.resizeRelocate(x, this.getSkinnable().getHeight(), w, this.line.prefHeight(-1.0F));
-        this.scale.setPivotX(w / (double) 2.0F);
-    }
-
-    private void createFloatingAnimation() {
-        this.promptTextUpTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptText.translateYProperty(), -this.customPane.getHeight() + 6.05, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.xProperty(), 0.85, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.yProperty(), 0.85, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
-            {
-                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
-                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(240.0F));
-            }
-        };
-        this.promptTextColorTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptTextFill, ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getFocusColor(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
-            {
-                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
-                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(160.0F));
-            }
-
-            protected void starting() {
-                super.starting();
-                JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.oldPromptTextFill = JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.promptTextFill.get();
-            }
-        };
-        this.promptTextDownTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptText.translateYProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.xProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.yProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
-            {
-                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
-                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(240.0F));
-            }
-        };
-        this.promptTextDownTransition.setOnFinished((finish) -> {
-            this.promptText.setTranslateY(0.0F);
-            this.promptTextScale.setX(1.0F);
-            this.promptTextScale.setY(1.0F);
-        });
-    }
-
-    private void focus() {
-        if (this.transition == null) {
-            this.createFocusTransition();
-        }
-
-        this.transition.play();
-    }
-
-    private void animateFloatingLabel(boolean up) {
-        if (this.promptText == null) {
-            Platform.runLater(() -> this.animateFloatingLabel(up));
-        } else {
-            if (this.transition != null) {
-                this.transition.stop();
-                this.transition.getChildren().remove(this.promptTextUpTransition);
-                this.transition.getChildren().remove(this.promptTextColorTransition);
-                this.transition = null;
-            }
-
-            if (up && this.promptText.getTranslateY() == (double) 0.0F) {
-                this.promptTextDownTransition.stop();
-                this.promptTextUpTransition.play();
-                if (this.getSkinnable().isFocused()) {
-                    this.promptTextColorTransition.play();
-                }
-            } else if (!up) {
-                this.promptTextUpTransition.stop();
-                if (this.getSkinnable().isFocused()) {
-                    this.promptTextFill.set(this.oldPromptTextFill);
-                }
-
-                this.promptTextDownTransition.play();
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    private void createFocusTransition() {
-        this.transition = new ParallelTransition();
-        if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
-            this.transition.getChildren().add(this.promptTextUpTransition);
-            this.transition.getChildren().add(this.promptTextColorTransition);
-        }
-
-        this.transition.getChildren().add(this.linesAnimation);
-    }
-
-    private void unFocus() {
-        if (this.transition != null) {
-            this.transition.stop();
-        }
-
-        this.scale.setX(this.initScale);
-        this.focusedLine.setOpacity(0.0F);
-        if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat() && this.oldPromptTextFill != null) {
-            this.promptTextFill.set(this.oldPromptTextFill);
-            if (this.usePromptText()) {
-                this.promptTextDownTransition.play();
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    private boolean usePromptText() {
-        Object txt = ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getValue();
-        String promptTxt = this.getSkinnable().getPromptText();
-        return (txt == null || txt.toString().isEmpty()) && promptTxt != null && !promptTxt.isEmpty() && !this.promptTextFill.get().equals(Color.TRANSPARENT);
-    }
-}
@@ -40,16 +40,12 @@ import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.stage.*;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
-import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorScheme;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.StyleSheets;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;

 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
-
 /**
 * @author Shadi Shaheen
 */
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {

        // create JFX Decorator
        pickerDecorator = new JFXDecorator(dialog, this, false, false, false);
-        pickerDecorator.setOnCloseButtonAction(this::close);
+        pickerDecorator.setOnCloseButtonAction(this::updateColor);
        pickerDecorator.setPickOnBounds(false);
        customScene = new Scene(pickerDecorator, Color.TRANSPARENT);
        StyleSheets.init(customScene);
@@ -157,22 +153,6 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
            paraTransition.play();
        });

-        container.getChildren().add(tabs);
-
-        HBox actionsHBox = new HBox();
-        actionsHBox.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-actions");
-
-        JFXButton acceptButton = new JFXButton(i18n("button.ok"));
-        acceptButton.setOnAction(event -> updateColor());
-        acceptButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-accept");
-
-        JFXButton cancelButton = new JFXButton(i18n("button.cancel"));
-        cancelButton.setOnAction(event -> close());
-        cancelButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-cancel");
-
-        actionsHBox.getChildren().addAll(acceptButton, cancelButton);
-        container.getChildren().add(actionsHBox);
-
        initRun = () -> {
            // change tabs labels font color according to the selected color
            pane.backgroundProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
@@ -199,7 +179,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
                            (int) (newColor.getRed() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getGreen() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getBlue() * 255));
-                    String rgb = String.format("rgb(%d, %d, %d)",
+                    String rgb = String.format("rgba(%d, %d, %d, 1)",
                            (int) (newColor.getRed() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getGreen() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getBlue() * 255));
@@ -252,13 +232,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
                hexField.focusColorProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
                    return pane.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getFill();
                }, pane.backgroundProperty()));
-                acceptButton.textFillProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
-                    Color fill = (Color) pane.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getFill();
-                    return ColorScheme.newBuilder(Themes.getColorScheme())
-                            .setPrimaryColorSeed(fill)
-                            .build()
-                            .getPrimary();
-                }, pane.backgroundProperty()));
+

                ((Pane) pickerDecorator.lookup(".jfx-decorator-buttons-container")).backgroundProperty()
                        .bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
@@ -288,6 +262,9 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
            });
        };

+
+        container.getChildren().add(tabs);
+
        this.getChildren().add(container);
        this.setPadding(new Insets(0));

@@ -317,11 +294,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
        if (!systemChange) {
            userChange = true;
            try {
-                Color color = Color.valueOf(colorWebString);
-                if (color.getOpacity() != 1.0) {
-                    color = Color.color(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue());
-                }
-                curvedColorPicker.setColor(color);
+                curvedColorPicker.setColor(Color.valueOf(colorWebString));
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
                // if color is not valid then do nothing
            }
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;

-import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
@@ -48,9 +47,9 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("http.agent", "HMCL/" + Metadata.VERSION);

        createHMCLDirectories();
-        LOG.start(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("logs"));
+        LOG.start(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("logs"));

-        checkWine();
+        setupJavaFXVMOptions();

        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("apple.awt.application.appearance", "system");
@@ -72,30 +71,95 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        System.exit(exitCode);
    }

-    private static void createHMCLDirectories() {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME)) {
+    private static void setupJavaFXVMOptions() {
+        if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getenv("HMCL_FORCE_GPU"))) {
+            LOG.info("HMCL_FORCE_GPU: true");
+            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("prism.forceGPU", "true");
+        }
+
+        String animationFrameRate = System.getenv("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE");
+        if (animationFrameRate != null) {
+            LOG.info("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE: " + animationFrameRate);
+
            try {
-                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
+                if (Integer.parseInt(animationFrameRate) <= 0)
+                    throw new NumberFormatException(animationFrameRate);
+
+                System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("javafx.animation.pulse", animationFrameRate);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Invalid animation frame rate: " + animationFrameRate);
+            }
+        }
+
+        String uiScale = System.getProperty("hmcl.uiScale", System.getenv("HMCL_UI_SCALE"));
+        if (uiScale != null) {
+            uiScale = uiScale.trim();
+
+            LOG.info("HMCL_UI_SCALE: " + uiScale);
+
+            try {
+                float scaleValue;
+                if (uiScale.endsWith("%")) {
+                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 1)) / 100.0f;
+                } else if (uiScale.endsWith("dpi") || uiScale.endsWith("DPI")) {
+                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 3)) / 96.0f;
+                } else {
+                    scaleValue = Float.parseFloat(uiScale);
+                }
+
+                float lowerBound;
+                float upperBound;
+
+                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                    // JavaFX behavior may be abnormal when the DPI scaling factor is too high
+                    lowerBound = 0.25f;
+                    upperBound = 4f;
+                } else {
+                    lowerBound = 0.01f;
+                    upperBound = 10f;
+                }
+
+                if (scaleValue >= lowerBound && scaleValue <= upperBound) {
+                    if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.win.uiScale", uiScale);
+                    } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                        LOG.warning("macOS does not support setting UI scale, so it will be ignored");
+                    } else {
+                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.gtk.uiScale", uiScale);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    LOG.warning("UI scale out of range: " + uiScale);
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                LOG.warning("Invalid UI scale: " + uiScale);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void createHMCLDirectories() {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY)) {
+            try {
+                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
                    try {
-                        Files.setAttribute(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME, "dos:hidden", true);
+                        Files.setAttribute(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY, "dos:hidden", true);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to set hidden attribute of " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME, e);
+                        LOG.warning("Failed to set hidden attribute of " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY, e);
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Logger has not been started yet, so print directly to System.err
-                System.err.println("Failed to create HMCL directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
+                System.err.println("Failed to create HMCL directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
-                showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.create_hmcl_current_directory_failure", Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME));
+                showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.create_hmcl_current_directory_failure", Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY));
            }
        }

-        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME)) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY)) {
            try {
-                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
+                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to create HMCL user home " + Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME, e);
+                LOG.warning("Failed to create HMCL global directory " + Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY, e);
            }
        }
    }
@@ -156,13 +220,6 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        }
    }

-    private static void checkWine() {
-        if (OperatingSystem.isRunningUnderWine()) {
-            LOG.warning("HMCL is running under Wine or its distributions!");
-            showWarning(i18n("fatal.wine_warning"));
-        }
-    }
-
    private static void addEnableNativeAccess() {
        if (JavaRuntime.CURRENT_VERSION > 21) {
            try {
@@ -199,21 +256,10 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        }
    }

-    static void showWarning(String message) {
-        SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
-
-        int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, message, i18n("message.warning"), JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
-                JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE, null, null, null);
-
-        if (result == JOptionPane.CANCEL_OPTION || result == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION) {
-            exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-
    /**
     * Indicates that a fatal error has occurred, and that the application cannot start.
     */
-    static void showErrorAndExit(String message) {
+    private static void showErrorAndExit(String message) {
        SwingUtils.showErrorDialog(message);
        exit(1);
    }
@@ -17,43 +17,36 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl;

-import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
-import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
-import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
-import javafx.animation.Timeline;
 import javafx.application.Application;
 import javafx.application.Platform;
-import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
 import javafx.beans.value.ObservableBooleanValue;
 import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
 import javafx.scene.control.Alert;
 import javafx.scene.control.Alert.AlertType;
-import javafx.scene.control.Button;
 import javafx.scene.control.ButtonType;
+import javafx.scene.input.Clipboard;
+import javafx.scene.input.DataFormat;
 import javafx.stage.Screen;
 import javafx.stage.Stage;
-import javafx.util.Duration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SambaException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.Controllers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateChecker;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateHandler;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CrashReporter;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.Gdi32;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.User32;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.CommandBuilder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.NativeUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;

-import javax.swing.*;
-import java.awt.*;
-import java.awt.datatransfer.StringSelection;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
@@ -65,15 +58,15 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;

 public final class Launcher extends Application {
    public static final CookieManager COOKIE_MANAGER = new CookieManager();
@@ -102,41 +95,48 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        }

        try {
-            initializeSettingsRuntime();
+            try {
+                ConfigHolder.init();
+            } catch (SambaException e) {
+                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.samba"));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.error("Failed to load config", e);
+                checkConfigInTempDir();
+                checkConfigOwner();
+                showAlert(AlertType.ERROR, i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", ConfigHolder.configLocation().getParent()));
+                EntryPoint.exit(1);
+            }

            // https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/app-translocation.html
            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS
-                    && SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated()
+                    && ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated()
                    && System.getProperty("user.dir").startsWith("/private/var/folders/")) {
-                if (!confirmWithCountdown(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.mac_app_translocation"), 5))
+                if (showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.mac_app_translocation"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO)
                    return;
            } else {
                checkConfigInTempDir();
            }

-            if (SettingsManager.isOwnerChanged()) {
+            if (ConfigHolder.isOwnerChanged()) {
                if (showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_change_owner_root"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO)
                    return;
            }

-            if (SettingsManager.hasReadOnlyCoreSettings()) {
+            if (ConfigHolder.isUnsupportedVersion()) {
                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_unsupported_version"));
            }

-            if (Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
+            if (Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.illegal_char"));
            }

-            // runLater to ensure SettingsManager.init() finished initialization
+            // runLater to ensure ConfigHolder.init() finished initialization
            Platform.runLater(() -> {
                // When launcher visibility is set to "hide and reopen" without Platform.implicitExit = false,
                // Stage.show() cannot work again because JavaFX Toolkit have already shut down.
                Platform.setImplicitExit(false);
                Controllers.initialize(primaryStage);

-                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS)
-                    Themes.applyNativeDarkMode(primaryStage);
-
                UpdateChecker.init();

                primaryStage.show();
@@ -146,26 +146,6 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        }
    }

-    /// Initializes modules and runtime services that depend on loaded settings.
-    private static void initializeSettingsRuntime() {
-        DownloadProviders.init();
-        ProxyManager.init();
-        Accounts.init();
-        GameDirectoryManager.init();
-        AuthlibInjectorServers.init();
-        AnimationUtils.init();
-
-        CacheRepository.setInstance(HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
-        HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY.directoryProperty().bind(Bindings.createStringBinding(() -> {
-            String commonDirectory = settings().getResolvedCommonDirectory();
-            if (commonDirectory != null && FileUtils.canCreateDirectory(commonDirectory)) {
-                return commonDirectory;
-            } else {
-                return LauncherSettings.getDefaultCommonDirectory();
-            }
-        }, settings().commonDirectoryProperty(), settings().commonDirectoryTypeProperty()));
-    }
-
    private static void appendScreen(StringBuilder builder, Screen screen) {
        Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getBounds();
        double scale = screen.getOutputScaleX();
@@ -202,29 +182,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        return new Alert(alertType, contentText, buttons).showAndWait().orElse(null);
    }

-    private static boolean confirmWithCountdown(Alert.AlertType alertType, String contentText, int seconds) {
-        Alert alert = new Alert(alertType, contentText, ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO);
-        Button okButton = (Button) alert.getDialogPane().lookupButton(ButtonType.YES);
-
-        okButton.setDisable(true);
-
-        KeyFrame[] keyFrames = new KeyFrame[seconds + 1];
-        for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++) {
-            keyFrames[i] = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(i),
-                    new KeyValue(okButton.textProperty(), i18n("button.ok.countdown", seconds - i)));
-        }
-        keyFrames[seconds] = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(seconds),
-                new KeyValue(okButton.textProperty(), i18n("button.ok")),
-                new KeyValue(okButton.disableProperty(), false));
-
-        Timeline timeline = new Timeline(keyFrames);
-        alert.setOnShown(e -> timeline.play());
-        alert.setOnCloseRequest(e -> timeline.stop());
-        return alert.showAndWait().orElse(null) == ButtonType.YES;
-    }
-
    private static boolean isConfigInTempDir() {
-        String configPath = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory().toString();
+        String configPath = ConfigHolder.configLocation().toString();

        String tmpdir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tmpdir) && configPath.startsWith(tmpdir))
@@ -261,16 +220,55 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
    }

    private static void checkConfigInTempDir() {
-        if (SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated() && isConfigInTempDir()
-                && !confirmWithCountdown(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_in_temp_dir"), 5)) {
+        if (ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated() && isConfigInTempDir()
+                && showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_in_temp_dir"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO) {
            EntryPoint.exit(0);
        }
    }

+    private static void checkConfigOwner() {
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
+            return;
+
+        String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
+        String owner;
+        try {
+            owner = Files.getOwner(ConfigHolder.configLocation()).getName();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to get file owner", ioe);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Files.isWritable(ConfigHolder.configLocation()) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
+            return;
+
+        ArrayList<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
+        files.add(ConfigHolder.configLocation().toString());
+        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY))
+            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.toString());
+        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY))
+            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.toString());
+
+        Path mcDir = Paths.get(".minecraft").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        if (Files.exists(mcDir))
+            files.add(mcDir.toString());
+
+        String command = new CommandBuilder().addAll("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
+        ButtonType copyAndExit = new ButtonType(i18n("button.copy_and_exit"));
+
+        if (showAlert(AlertType.ERROR,
+                i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure.unix", owner, command),
+                copyAndExit, ButtonType.CLOSE) == copyAndExit) {
+            Clipboard.getSystemClipboard()
+                    .setContent(Collections.singletonMap(DataFormat.PLAIN_TEXT, command));
+        }
+        EntryPoint.exit(1);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void stop() throws Exception {
        Controllers.onApplicationStop();
-        SettingsManager.shutdown();
+        FileSaver.shutdown();
        LOG.shutdown();
    }

@@ -302,8 +300,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
            LOG.info("Java VM Version: " + System.getProperty("java.vm.name") + " (" + System.getProperty("java.vm.info") + "), " + System.getProperty("java.vm.vendor"));
            LOG.info("Java Home: " + System.getProperty("java.home"));
            LOG.info("Current Directory: " + Metadata.CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
-            LOG.info("HMCL User Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
-            LOG.info("HMCL Local Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
+            LOG.info("HMCL Global Directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
+            LOG.info("HMCL Current Directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
            LOG.info("HMCL Jar Path: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(JarUtils.thisJarPath(), "Not Found"));
            LOG.info("HMCL Log File: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(LOG.getLogFile(), "In Memory"));
            LOG.info("JVM Max Memory: " + MEGABYTES.formatBytes(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()));
@@ -323,23 +321,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                LOG.info("XDG Current Desktop: " + System.getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"));
            }

-            LOG.info("Zlib Compatible: " + ZlibUtils.IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE);
-
            Lang.thread(SystemInfo::initialize, "Detection System Information", true);

-            try {
-                SettingsManager.init();
-            } catch (SambaException e) {
-                EntryPoint.showWarning(i18n("fatal.samba"));
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.error("Failed to load config", e);
-                checkConfigOwner();
-                SwingUtils.showErrorDialog(i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory()));
-                EntryPoint.exit(1);
-            }
-
-            setupJavaFXVMOptions();
-
            launch(Launcher.class, args);
        } catch (Throwable e) { // Fucking JavaFX will suppress the exception and will break our crash reporter.
            CRASH_REPORTER.uncaughtException(Thread.currentThread(), e);
@@ -372,158 +355,5 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        });
    }

-    private static void setupJavaFXVMOptions() {
-        if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getenv("HMCL_FORCE_GPU"))) {
-            LOG.info("HMCL_FORCE_GPU: true");
-            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("prism.forceGPU", "true");
-        }
-
-        setUpAnimationFrameRate:
-        {
-            if (System.getProperty("javafx.animation.pulse") != null) {
-                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
-            }
-
-            String animationFrameRate = System.getenv("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE");
-            if (animationFrameRate != null) {
-                LOG.info("HMCL_ANIMATION_FRAME_RATE: " + animationFrameRate);
-
-                try {
-                    int value = Integer.parseInt(animationFrameRate);
-                    if (value <= 0)
-                        throw new NumberFormatException(animationFrameRate);
-
-                    if (value != 60)
-                        System.setProperty("javafx.animation.pulse", animationFrameRate);
-                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                    LOG.warning("Invalid animation frame rate: " + animationFrameRate);
-                }
-                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
-            }
-
-            // To avoid prematurely loading FXUtils, we only check if animationDisabled has been explicitly set to true
-            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(settings().animationDisabledProperty().get()))
-                break setUpAnimationFrameRate;
-
-            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                if (NativeUtils.USE_JNA && Gdi32.INSTANCE != null && User32.INSTANCE != null) {
-                    @Nullable Pointer pointer = User32.INSTANCE.GetDC(Pointer.NULL);
-                    if (pointer != null) {
-                        try {
-                            int refreshRate = Gdi32.INSTANCE.GetDeviceCaps(pointer, Gdi32.VREFRESH);
-
-                            if (refreshRate > 0) {
-                                LOG.info("Detected refresh rate: " + refreshRate + "Hz");
-
-                                if (refreshRate >= 90) {
-                                    System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("javafx.animation.pulse", String.valueOf(refreshRate));
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } finally {
-                            User32.INSTANCE.ReleaseDC(Pointer.NULL, pointer);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        String uiScale = System.getProperty("hmcl.uiScale", System.getenv("HMCL_UI_SCALE"));
-        if (uiScale != null) {
-            uiScale = uiScale.trim();
-
-            LOG.info("HMCL_UI_SCALE: " + uiScale);
-
-            try {
-                float scaleValue;
-                if (uiScale.endsWith("%")) {
-                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 1)) / 100.0f;
-                } else if (uiScale.endsWith("dpi") || uiScale.endsWith("DPI")) {
-                    scaleValue = Integer.parseInt(uiScale.substring(0, uiScale.length() - 3)) / 96.0f;
-                } else {
-                    scaleValue = Float.parseFloat(uiScale);
-                }
-
-                float lowerBound;
-                float upperBound;
-
-                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                    // JavaFX behavior may be abnormal when the DPI scaling factor is too high
-                    lowerBound = 0.25f;
-                    upperBound = 4f;
-                } else {
-                    lowerBound = 0.01f;
-                    upperBound = 10f;
-                }
-
-                if (scaleValue >= lowerBound && scaleValue <= upperBound) {
-                    if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.win.uiScale", uiScale);
-                    } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-                        LOG.warning("macOS does not support setting UI scale, so it will be ignored");
-                    } else {
-                        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("glass.gtk.uiScale", uiScale);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    LOG.warning("UI scale out of range: " + uiScale);
-                }
-            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                LOG.warning("Invalid UI scale: " + uiScale);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void checkConfigOwner() {
-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS)
-            return;
-
-        String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
-        Path configDirectory = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory();
-        if (!Files.exists(configDirectory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        String owner;
-        try {
-            owner = Files.getOwner(configDirectory).getName();
-        } catch (IOException ioe) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to get file owner", ioe);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (Files.isWritable(configDirectory) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
-            return;
-
-        ArrayList<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
-        files.add(configDirectory.toString());
-        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME))
-            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.toString());
-
-        Path mcDir = Paths.get(".minecraft").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
-        if (Files.exists(mcDir))
-            files.add(mcDir.toString());
-
-        String command = new CommandBuilder().addAll("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
-        SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
-
-        Object[] options = {i18n("button.copy_and_exit"), i18n("button.cancel")};
-        int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,
-                i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure.unix", owner, command),
-                i18n("message.error"),
-                JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
-                JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE,
-                null,
-                options,
-                options[0]);
-
-        if (result == 0) {
-            try {
-                Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(new StringSelection(command), null);
-            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to copy command to clipboard", e);
-            }
-        }
-        EntryPoint.exit(1);
-    }
-
    public static final CrashReporter CRASH_REPORTER = new CrashReporter(true);
 }
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.EnumSet;

 /**
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ public final class Metadata {
    public static final int RECOMMENDED_JAVA_VERSION = 21;

    public static final String PUBLISH_URL = "https://hmcl.huangyuhui.net";
+    public static final String ABOUT_URL = PUBLISH_URL + "/about";
    public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL = PUBLISH_URL + "/download";
    public static final String HMCL_UPDATE_URL = System.getProperty("hmcl.update_source.override", PUBLISH_URL + "/api/update_link");
-    public static final String MANUAL_UPDATE_URL = "https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/releases";

    public static final String DOCS_URL = "https://docs.hmcl.net";
    public static final String CONTACT_URL = DOCS_URL + "/help.html";
@@ -58,38 +59,34 @@ public final class Metadata {
    public static final String BUILD_CHANNEL = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.type", "nightly");
    public static final String GITHUB_SHA = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.hash", null);

-    public static final Path CURRENT_DIRECTORY = Path.of(System.getProperty("user.dir")).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+    public static final Path CURRENT_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.dir")).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
    public static final Path MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("minecraft");
-    public static final Path HMCL_USER_HOME;
-    public static final Path HMCL_LOCAL_HOME;
+    public static final Path HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY;
+    public static final Path HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY;
    public static final Path DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY;

    static {
-        String hmclHome = System.getProperty("hmcl.home", System.getenv("HMCL_USER_HOME"));
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(hmclHome)) {
+        String hmclHome = System.getProperty("hmcl.home");
+        if (hmclHome == null) {
            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.isLinuxOrBSD()) {
                String xdgData = System.getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(xdgData)) {
-                    HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(xdgData, "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                    HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(xdgData, "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
                } else {
-                    HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".local", "share", "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                    HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".local", "share", "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
                }
            } else {
-                HMCL_USER_HOME = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("hmcl");
+                HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("hmcl");
            }
        } else {
-            HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(hmclHome).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+            HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(hmclHome).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
        }

-        String hmclCurrentDir = System.getProperty("hmcl.dir", System.getenv("HMCL_LOCAL_HOME"));
-        HMCL_LOCAL_HOME = StringUtils.isNotBlank(hmclCurrentDir)
-                ? Path.of(hmclCurrentDir).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
+        String hmclCurrentDir = System.getProperty("hmcl.dir");
+        HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY = hmclCurrentDir != null
+                ? Paths.get(hmclCurrentDir).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
                : CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve(".hmcl");
-
-        String hmclDependencies = System.getProperty("hmcl.dependencies.dir", System.getenv("HMCL_DEPENDENCIES_DIR"));
-        DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY = StringUtils.isNotBlank(hmclDependencies)
-                ? Path.of(hmclDependencies).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
-                : HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("dependencies");
+        DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY = HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("dependencies");
    }

    public static boolean isStable() {
@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.countly;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -21,20 +21,17 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AuthInfo;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.DefaultLauncher;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.ProcessListener;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.NativePatcher;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.CommandBuilder;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.ManagedProcess;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;

 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.*;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 /**
@@ -63,7 +60,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
    }

    private void generateOptionsTxt() {
-        if (options.isDisableAutoGameOptions())
+        if (config().isDisableAutoGameOptions())
            return;

        Path runDir = repository.getRunDirectory(version.getId());
@@ -153,60 +150,4 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
        generateOptionsTxt();
        super.makeLaunchScript(scriptFile);
    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void appendJvmArgs(CommandBuilder result) {
-        super.appendJvmArgs(result);
-
-        if (options.isAllowAutoAgent()
-                && !options.isNoGeneratedJVMArgs()
-                && !options.isNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs()
-                && NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version, options.getJava().getParsedVersion())) {
-            LOG.info("Attempting to patch game with lwjgl-unsafe-agent");
-            try {
-                result.add("-javaagent:" + extractLwjglUnsafeAgent());
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to extract lwjgl-unsafe-agent", e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private Path extractLwjglUnsafeAgent() throws IOException {
-        String agentVersion = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version", null);
-        if (agentVersion == null) {
-            throw new IOException("Missing hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version attribute");
-        }
-
-        Library library = new Library(new Artifact("org.glavo", "lwjgl-unsafe-agent", agentVersion));
-        String fileName = library.getArtifact().getFileName();
-
-        Path agentPath = repository.getLibraryFile(version, library).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
-        if (agentPath.toString().contains("=")) {
-            throw new IOException("Invalid library path: " + agentPath);
-        }
-
-        byte[] bytes;
-        try (InputStream input = DefaultLauncher.class.getResourceAsStream("/assets/" + fileName)) {
-            if (input == null) {
-                throw new IOException("/assets/" + fileName + " not found");
-            }
-
-            bytes = input.readAllBytes();
-        }
-
-        if (Files.isRegularFile(agentPath)) {
-            try {
-                if (Files.size(agentPath) == bytes.length) {
-                    return agentPath;
-                }
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to check size of " + agentPath, e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Files.createDirectories(agentPath.getParent());
-        FileUtils.saveSafely(agentPath, output -> output.write(bytes));
-        return agentPath;
-    }
-
 }
@@ -17,39 +17,25 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
-import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
-import javafx.beans.binding.StringBinding;
 import javafx.scene.image.Image;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.Event;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModAdviser;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LauncherSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DefaultIsolationType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameWindowType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LegacyGameSettingsMigrator;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ProxyType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingFileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettingsPresetID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModAdviser;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionIconType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionSetting;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
@@ -57,10 +43,10 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Proxy;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -69,136 +55,53 @@ import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

-/// HMCL game repository implementation backed by a GameDirectory and per-instance game settings.
-@NotNullByDefault
 public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
-    /// References an optional game instance in a repository.
-    ///
-    /// @param repository the owning game repository
-    /// @param instanceId the game instance ID, or `null` when only repository context is available
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    public record InstanceReference(HMCLGameRepository repository, @Nullable String instanceId) {
-    }
+    private final Profile profile;

-    /// Directory under the version root that stores HMCL-managed instance metadata.
-    private static final String INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY = ".hmcl";
-
-    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance configuration files.
-    private static final String INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY = "config";
-
-    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance state files.
-    private static final String INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY = "state";
-
-    /// Current file name for instance-specific game settings.
-    private static final String INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME = "instance-game-settings.json";
-
-    /// The persistent game directory for this repository.
-    private final GameDirectory gameDirectory;
-
-    /// The selected instance ID persisted for this repository's game directory.
-    private final StringBinding selectedInstance;
-
-    // instance game settings
-    private final Map<String, GameSettings.Instance> instanceGameSettings = new HashMap<>();
-    /// Instance IDs whose local game settings file has already been checked.
-    private final Set<String> loadedInstanceGameSettings = new HashSet<>();
-    private final Set<String> readOnlyInstanceGameSettings = new HashSet<>();
+    // local version settings
+    private final Map<String, VersionSetting> localVersionSettings = new HashMap<>();
    private final Set<String> beingModpackVersions = new HashSet<>();

    public final EventManager<Event> onVersionIconChanged = new EventManager<>();

-    /// Creates a repository backed by the given game directory.
-    public HMCLGameRepository(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        super(gameDirectory.getPath().toPath());
-        this.gameDirectory = gameDirectory;
-        this.selectedInstance = Bindings.stringValueAt(settings().getSelectedInstance(), gameDirectory.getId());
-        gameDirectory.pathProperty().addListener((a, b, newValue) -> changeDirectory(newValue.toPath()));
+    public HMCLGameRepository(Profile profile, Path baseDirectory) {
+        super(baseDirectory);
+        this.profile = profile;
    }

-    /// Returns the persistent game directory for this repository.
-    public GameDirectory getGameDirectory() {
-        return gameDirectory;
+    public Profile getProfile() {
+        return profile;
    }

-    /// Returns the selected instance ID property for this repository's game directory.
-    public StringBinding selectedInstanceProperty() {
-        return selectedInstance;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected instance ID for this repository's game directory.
-    public @Nullable String getSelectedInstance() {
-        return selectedInstance.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the selected instance ID for this repository's game directory.
-    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable String instance) {
-        settings().setSelectedInstance(gameDirectory.getId(), instance);
-    }
-
-    /// Refreshes the selected instance ID after versions are loaded.
-    public void refreshSelectedInstance() {
-        @Nullable String selectedInstance = settings().getSelectedInstance(gameDirectory.getId());
-        @Nullable String refreshedInstance = selectedInstance;
-        if (!hasVersion(refreshedInstance)) {
-            refreshedInstance = getVersions().isEmpty() ? null : getVersions().iterator().next().getId();
+    @Override
+    public GameDirectoryType getGameDirectoryType(String id) {
+        if (beingModpackVersions.contains(id) || isModpack(id)) {
+            return GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER;
+        } else {
+            return getVersionSetting(id).getGameDirType();
        }
-        if (!Objects.equals(selectedInstance, refreshedInstance)) {
-            setSelectedInstance(refreshedInstance);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a dependency manager using the currently selected download provider.
-    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency() {
-        return getDependency(DownloadProviders.getDownloadProvider());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a dependency manager using the given download provider.
-    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency(DownloadProvider downloadProvider) {
-        return new DefaultDependencyManager(this, downloadProvider, HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
    }

    @Override
    public Path getRunDirectory(String id) {
-        if (beingModpackVersions.contains(id) || isModpack(id)) {
-            return getVersionRoot(id);
+        switch (getGameDirectoryType(id)) {
+            case VERSION_FOLDER:
+                return getVersionRoot(id);
+            case ROOT_FOLDER:
+                return super.getRunDirectory(id);
+            case CUSTOM:
+                try {
+                    return Path.of(getVersionSetting(id).getGameDir());
+                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
+                    return getVersionRoot(id);
+                }
+            default:
+                throw new AssertionError("Unreachable");
        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance localSetting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        boolean useInstanceRunningDirectory =
-                localSetting != null && localSetting.getOverrideProperties().contains(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-
-        String runningDirectory = getSelectedRunningDirectory(localSetting, useInstanceRunningDirectory);
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(runningDirectory)) {
-            return useInstanceRunningDirectory ? getVersionRoot(id) : super.getRunDirectory(id);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return Path.of(runningDirectory);
-        } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
-            return getVersionRoot(id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the running directory string selected by the current source.
-    private String getSelectedRunningDirectory(
-            @Nullable GameSettings.Instance localSetting,
-            boolean useInstanceRunningDirectory) {
-        if (useInstanceRunningDirectory) {
-            if (localSetting == null) {
-                return "";
-            }
-
-            //noinspection DataFlowIssue
-            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(localSetting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue(), "");
-        }
-
-        GameSettings.Preset parent = getParentGameSettings(localSetting);
-        //noinspection DataFlowIssue
-        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(parent.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue(), "");
    }

    public Stream<Version> getDisplayVersions() {
@@ -210,11 +113,14 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {

    @Override
    protected void refreshVersionsImpl() {
-        instanceGameSettings.clear();
-        loadedInstanceGameSettings.clear();
-        readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.clear();
+        localVersionSettings.clear();
        super.refreshVersionsImpl();
-        versions.keySet().forEach(this::loadInstanceGameSettings);
+        versions.keySet().forEach(this::loadLocalVersionSetting);
+        versions.keySet().forEach(version -> {
+            if (isModpack(version)) {
+                specializeVersionSetting(version);
+            }
+        });

        try {
            Path file = getBaseDirectory().resolve("launcher_profiles.json");
@@ -242,19 +148,6 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        clean(getRunDirectory(id));
    }

-    /// Removes a version from disk and drops any cached instance settings for that version.
-    @Override
-    public boolean removeVersionFromDisk(String id) {
-        boolean removed = super.removeVersionFromDisk(id);
-        if (removed) {
-            instanceGameSettings.remove(id);
-            loadedInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
-            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
-            beingModpackVersions.remove(id);
-        }
-        return removed;
-    }
-
    public void duplicateVersion(String srcId, String dstId, boolean copySaves) throws IOException {
        Path srcDir = getVersionRoot(srcId);
        Path dstDir = getVersionRoot(dstId);
@@ -284,285 +177,89 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {

        JsonUtils.writeToJsonFile(toJson, fromVersion.setId(dstId).setJar(dstId));

-        boolean copyOriginalGameDir;
-        try {
-            copyOriginalGameDir = !Files.isSameFile(getRunDirectory(srcId), getVersionRoot(srcId));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            copyOriginalGameDir = true;
-        }
+        VersionSetting oldVersionSetting = getVersionSetting(srcId).clone();
+        GameDirectoryType originalGameDirType = oldVersionSetting.getGameDirType();
+        oldVersionSetting.setUsesGlobal(false);
+        oldVersionSetting.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+        VersionSetting newVersionSetting = initLocalVersionSetting(dstId, oldVersionSetting);
+        saveVersionSetting(dstId);

        Path srcGameDir = getRunDirectory(srcId);
-
-        GameSettings.Instance newGameSettings = copyInstanceGameSettings(srcId);
-        newGameSettings.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-        newGameSettings.runningDirectoryProperty().setValue("");
-        initInstanceGameSettings(dstId, newGameSettings);
-        saveGameSettingsSync(dstId);
-
        Path dstGameDir = getRunDirectory(dstId);

-        if (copyOriginalGameDir)
+        if (originalGameDirType != GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER)
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcGameDir, dstGameDir, path -> Modpack.acceptFile(path, blackList, null));
    }

-    private GameSettings.Instance copyInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        if (setting != null) {
-            return JsonUtils.clone(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, setting, TypeToken.get(GameSettings.Instance.class));
-        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance copied = new GameSettings.Instance();
-        copied.parentProperty().setValue(getEffectiveGameSettings(id).getPreset().idProperty().getValue());
-        return copied;
+    private Path getLocalVersionSettingFile(String id) {
+        return getVersionRoot(id).resolve("hmclversion.cfg");
    }

-    /// Returns the HMCL-managed metadata directory under the version root.
-    ///
-    /// This directory stores instance-scoped files owned by HMCL.
-    public Path getInstanceMetadataDirectory(String id) {
-        return getVersionRoot(id).resolve(INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the HMCL-managed configuration directory under the instance metadata directory.
-    public Path getInstanceConfigDirectory(String id) {
-        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the HMCL-managed state directory under the instance metadata directory.
-    public Path getInstanceStateDirectory(String id) {
-        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current local game settings path under the instance configuration directory.
-    private Path getInstanceGameSettingsFile(String id) {
-        return getInstanceConfigDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME);
-    }
-
-    private void loadInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
-        loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
-        InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult result = loadGameSettingsFile(getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id));
-        if (result.setting() != null) {
-            initInstanceGameSettings(id, result.setting(), result.allowSave());
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!result.allowSave()) {
-            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyParent = gameDirectory.getLegacyGameSettings();
-        if (SettingsManager.getGameSettings(legacyParent) == null) {
-            legacyParent = null;
-        }
-
-        LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.InstanceMigrationResult migrationResult =
-                LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.migrateInstanceGameSettings(
-                        this, id,
-                        legacyParent);
-        if (migrationResult != null) {
-            initInstanceGameSettings(id, migrationResult.setting());
+    private void loadLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
+        Path file = getLocalVersionSettingFile(id);
+        if (Files.exists(file))
            try {
-                saveGameSettingsSync(id);
-                migrationResult.saveReceipt();
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to save migrated instance game settings for " + id, e);
+                VersionSetting versionSetting = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, VersionSetting.class);
+                initLocalVersionSetting(id, versionSetting);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                // If [JsonParseException], [IOException] or [NullPointerException] happens, the json file is malformed and needed to be recreated.
+                initLocalVersionSetting(id, new VersionSetting());
            }
-            return;
-        }
    }

-    /// Loads a new-format instance game settings file.
-    private InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult loadGameSettingsFile(Path file) {
-        if (!Files.exists(file)) {
-            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(null, true);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, file, JsonObject.class);
-            if (jsonObject == null) {
-                LOG.warning("Instance game settings are empty: " + file);
-                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
-                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
-            }
-
-            JsonSchema.CompatibilityResult schemaResult =
-                    JsonSchema.check(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-            switch (schemaResult.status()) {
-                case MISSING -> LOG.warning("Missing schema in instance game settings: " + file);
-                case INVALID -> LOG.warning("Invalid schema in instance game settings: "
-                        + file + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.invalidValue());
-                case UNPARSEABLE -> LOG.warning("Unparseable schema in instance game settings: "
-                        + file + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                case UNEXPECTED_ID -> LOG.warning("Unexpected instance game settings schema. Expected: "
-                        + GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                case UNSUPPORTED_MAJOR, READ_ONLY_PRESERVE_SCHEMA ->
-                    LOG.warning("Unsupported instance game settings schema. Expected: "
-                                + GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                case READ_WRITE, READ_WRITE_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> {
-                }
-            }
-            if (!schemaResult.readable()) {
-                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
-                fallback.setSavable(false);
-                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, false);
-            }
-
-            GameSettings.Instance setting =
-                    LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.fromJson(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.class);
-            if (setting == null) {
-                LOG.warning("Instance game settings deserialized to null: " + file);
-                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
-                fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
-                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
-            }
-            if (!schemaResult.preserveSchema() && !GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA.equals(setting.getSchema())) {
-                setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-            }
-            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(setting, schemaResult.allowSave());
-        } catch (JsonParseException ex) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to parse game setting " + file, ex);
-            GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
-            fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
-            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to load game setting " + file, ex);
-            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(null, false);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public @Nullable GameSettings.Instance createInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
-        if (!hasVersion(id)) {
+    /**
+     * Create new version setting if version id has no version setting.
+     *
+     * @param id the version id.
+     * @return new version setting, null if given version does not exist.
+     */
+    public VersionSetting createLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
+        if (!hasVersion(id))
            return null;
-        }
-        if (readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id)) {
-            return getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = new GameSettings.Instance();
-        return initInstanceGameSettings(id, setting);
+        if (localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
+            return getLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        else
+            return initLocalVersionSetting(id, new VersionSetting());
    }

-    private GameSettings.Instance initInstanceGameSettings(String id, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
-        return initInstanceGameSettings(id, setting, true);
+    private VersionSetting initLocalVersionSetting(String id, VersionSetting vs) {
+        localVersionSettings.put(id, vs);
+        vs.addListener(a -> saveVersionSetting(id));
+        return vs;
    }

-    private GameSettings.Instance initInstanceGameSettings(String id, GameSettings.Instance setting, boolean allowSave) {
-        normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(setting);
-        setting.setSavable(allowSave);
-        loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
-        instanceGameSettings.put(id, setting);
-        if (allowSave) {
-            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
-            setting.addListener(a -> saveGameSettings(id));
-        } else {
-            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
-        }
+    /**
+     * Get the version setting for version id.
+     *
+     * @param id version id
+     * @return corresponding version setting, null if the version has no its own version setting.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public VersionSetting getLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
+        if (!localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
+            loadLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        VersionSetting setting = localVersionSettings.get(id);
+        if (setting != null && isModpack(id))
+            setting.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
        return setting;
    }

-    /// Keeps old local custom running directories effective under the new source-selection model.
-    private void normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(GameSettings.Instance setting) {
-        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(setting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue())) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-        }
-    }
-
    @Nullable
-    public GameSettings.Instance getInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
-        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
+    public VersionSetting getLocalVersionSettingOrCreate(String id) {
+        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        if (vs == null) {
+            vs = createLocalVersionSetting(id);
        }
-        return instanceGameSettings.get(id);
+        return vs;
    }

-    @Nullable
-    public GameSettings.Instance getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(String id) {
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        if (setting == null) {
-            setting = createInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        }
-        return setting;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the instance-specific game settings file cannot be overwritten safely.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the instance ID
-    /// @return whether the instance settings are loaded in read-only mode
-    public boolean isInstanceGameSettingsReadOnly(String id) {
-        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        }
-
-        return readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id);
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites the instance-specific game settings file with the currently loaded settings.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the instance ID
-    public void forceOverwriteInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
-        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
-        if (setting == null) {
-            setting = new GameSettings.Instance();
-            instanceGameSettings.put(id, setting);
-            loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
-        }
-
-        boolean installAutoSave = !setting.isSavable();
-        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
-        SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
-        setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-        setting.setSavable(true);
-        setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-        readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
-        saveGameSettings(id);
-        if (installAutoSave) {
-            setting.addListener(a -> saveGameSettings(id));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the explicit parent preset of the instance, falling back to the default preset.
-    public GameSettings.Preset getParentGameSettings(@Nullable GameSettings.Instance instance) {
-        @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent = instance != null ? instance.parentProperty().getValue() : null;
-        GameSettings.Preset parentSetting = SettingsManager.getGameSettings(parent);
-        return parentSetting != null ? parentSetting : SettingsManager.getDefaultGameSettingsPresetOrCreate();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether a new instance should use an isolated running directory under the default isolation settings.
-    public boolean shouldIsolateNewInstance(boolean modded) {
-        GameSettings.Preset preset = getParentGameSettings(null);
-        DefaultIsolationType type = Lang.requireNonNullElse(preset.defaultIsolationTypeProperty().getValue(), DefaultIsolationType.MODDED);
-        return switch (type) {
-            case NEVER -> false;
-            case ALWAYS -> true;
-            case MODDED -> modded;
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Applies default isolation to a new instance before the version metadata is saved.
-    public void applyDefaultIsolationSettingForNewInstance(String id, boolean modded) {
-        if (!shouldIsolateNewInstance(modded) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        if (setting == null) {
-            setting = initInstanceGameSettings(id, new GameSettings.Instance());
-        }
-        if (setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY)) {
-            saveGameSettings(id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public GameSettings.Effective getEffectiveGameSettings(String id) {
-        GameSettings.Instance instance = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        return GameSettings.resolve(getParentGameSettings(instance), instance);
+    public VersionSetting getVersionSetting(String id) {
+        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        if (vs == null || vs.isUsesGlobal()) {
+            profile.getGlobal().setUsesGlobal(true);
+            return profile.getGlobal();
+        } else
+            return vs;
    }

    public Optional<Path> getVersionIconFile(String id) {
@@ -601,19 +298,19 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public Image getVersionIconImage(@Nullable String id) {
+    public Image getVersionIconImage(String id) {
        if (id == null || !isLoaded())
            return VersionIconType.DEFAULT.getIcon();

-        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
-        VersionIconType iconType = setting != null ? Lang.requireNonNullElse(setting.iconProperty().getValue(), VersionIconType.DEFAULT) : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
+        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSettingOrCreate(id);
+        VersionIconType iconType = vs != null ? Lang.requireNonNullElse(vs.getVersionIcon(), VersionIconType.DEFAULT) : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;

        if (iconType == VersionIconType.DEFAULT) {
            Version version = getVersion(id).resolve(this);
            Optional<Path> iconFile = getVersionIconFile(id);
            if (iconFile.isPresent()) {
                try {
-                    return FXUtils.loadImage(iconFile.get(), 64, 64, true, true);
+                    return FXUtils.loadImage(iconFile.get());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to load version icon of " + id, e);
                }
@@ -656,73 +353,45 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public void saveGameSettings(String id) {
-        if (!instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id))
+    public void saveVersionSetting(String id) {
+        if (!localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
            return;
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
-        if (setting == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        Path file = getLocalVersionSettingFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
        try {
            Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.warning("Failed to create directory: " + file.getParent(), e);
        }

-        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
-            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
-        }
-        FileSaver.save(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
+        FileSaver.save(file, GSON.toJson(localVersionSettings.get(id)));
    }

-    /// Saves instance-specific game settings synchronously.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the instance ID
-    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
-    private void saveGameSettingsSync(String id) throws IOException {
-        if (!instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
-            return;
+    /**
+     * Make version use self version settings instead of the global one.
+     *
+     * @param id the version id.
+     * @return specialized version setting, null if given version does not exist.
+     */
+    public VersionSetting specializeVersionSetting(String id) {
+        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        if (vs == null)
+            vs = createLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        if (vs == null)
+            return null;
+        if (vs.isUsesGlobal()) {
+            vs.setUsesGlobal(false);
        }
-
-        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
-        if (setting == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
-        Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
-        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
-            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
-        }
-        FileUtils.saveSafely(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
+        return vs;
    }

-    /// Result of loading an instance-specific game settings file.
-    ///
-    /// @param setting   the loaded instance settings, or `null` when unavailable
-    /// @param allowSave whether the file may be overwritten
-    private record InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(
-            @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting,
-            boolean allowSave) {
+    public void globalizeVersionSetting(String id) {
+        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
+        if (vs != null)
+            vs.setUsesGlobal(true);
    }

    public LaunchOptions.Builder getLaunchOptions(String version, JavaRuntime javaVersion, Path gameDir, List<String> javaAgents, List<String> javaArguments, boolean makeLaunchScript) {
-        GameSettings.Effective vs = getEffectiveGameSettings(version);
-        boolean noJVMOptions = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty);
-        boolean autoMemory = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty);
-        GameVersionNumber gameVersionNumber = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(getGameVersion(version));
-
-        @Nullable Integer maxMemory;
-        if (autoMemory) {
-            maxMemory = noJVMOptions
-                    ? null
-                    : Math.toIntExact(getAutoAllocatedMemory(SystemInfo.getPhysicalMemoryStatus().available()) / 1024L / 1024L);
-        } else {
-            maxMemory = vs.getMaxMemory();
-        }
+        VersionSetting vs = getVersionSetting(version);

        LaunchOptions.Builder builder = new LaunchOptions.Builder()
                .setGameDir(gameDir)
@@ -730,13 +399,17 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                .setVersionType(Metadata.TITLE)
                .setVersionName(version)
                .setProfileName(Metadata.TITLE)
-                .setGameArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::gameArgumentsProperty)))
-                .setOverrideJavaArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::jvmOptionsProperty)))
-                .setMaxMemory(maxMemory)
-                .setMinMemory(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::minMemoryProperty))
-                .setMetaspace(Lang.toIntOrNull(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::permSizeProperty)))
+                .setGameArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getMinecraftArgs()))
+                .setOverrideJavaArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getJavaArgs()))
+                .setMaxMemory(vs.isNoJVMArgs() && vs.isAutoMemory() ? null : (int) (getAllocatedMemory(
+                        vs.getMaxMemory() * 1024L * 1024L,
+                        SystemInfo.getPhysicalMemoryStatus().getAvailable(),
+                        vs.isAutoMemory()
+                ) / 1024 / 1024))
+                .setMinMemory(vs.getMinMemory())
+                .setMetaspace(Lang.toIntOrNull(vs.getPermSize()))
                .setEnvironmentVariables(
-                        Lang.mapOf(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::environmentVariablesProperty))
+                        Lang.mapOf(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getEnvironmentVariables())
                                .stream()
                                .map(it -> {
                                    int idx = it.indexOf('=');
@@ -747,30 +420,26 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                )
                .setWidth(vs.getWidth())
                .setHeight(vs.getHeight())
-                .setFullscreen(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::windowTypeProperty) == GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN)
-                .setWrapper(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::commandWrapperProperty))
+                .setFullscreen(vs.isFullscreen())
+                .setWrapper(vs.getWrapper())
                .setProxyOption(getProxyOption())
-                .setPreLaunchCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::preLaunchCommandProperty))
-                .setPostExitCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::postExitCommandProperty))
-                .setNoGeneratedJVMArgs(noJVMOptions)
-                .setNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty))
-                .setUseCustomNatives(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty))
-                .setNativesDir(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::nativesDirectoryProperty))
-                .setProcessPriority(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::processPriorityProperty))
-                .setGraphicsBackend(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::graphicsBackendProperty))
-                .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer(gameVersionNumber))
-                .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::enableDebugLogOutputProperty))
-                .setAllowAutoAgent(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty))
-                .setDisableAutoGameOptions(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::disableAutoGameOptionsProperty))
-                .setUseNativeGLFW(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeGLFWProperty))
-                .setUseNativeOpenAL(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeOpenALProperty))
-                .setDaemon(!makeLaunchScript && vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty).isDaemon())
+                .setPreLaunchCommand(vs.getPreLaunchCommand())
+                .setPostExitCommand(vs.getPostExitCommand())
+                .setNoGeneratedJVMArgs(vs.isNoJVMArgs())
+                .setNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs(vs.isNoOptimizingJVMArgs())
+                .setNativesDirType(vs.getNativesDirType())
+                .setNativesDir(vs.getNativesDir())
+                .setProcessPriority(vs.getProcessPriority())
+                .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer())
+                .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.isEnableDebugLogOutput())
+                .setUseNativeGLFW(vs.isUseNativeGLFW())
+                .setUseNativeOpenAL(vs.isUseNativeOpenAL())
+                .setDaemon(!makeLaunchScript && vs.getLauncherVisibility().isDaemon())
                .setJavaAgents(javaAgents)
                .setJavaArguments(javaArguments);

-        QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption = vs.getQuickPlayOption();
-        if (quickPlayOption != null) {
-            builder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(vs.getServerIp())) {
+            builder.setQuickPlayOption(new QuickPlayOption.MultiPlayer(vs.getServerIp()));
        }

        Path json = getModpackConfiguration(version);
@@ -785,7 +454,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
            }
        }

-        if (autoMemory && builder.getJavaArguments().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.startsWith("-Xmx")))
+        if (vs.isAutoMemory() && builder.getJavaArguments().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.startsWith("-Xmx")))
            builder.setMaxMemory(null);

        return builder;
@@ -826,6 +495,10 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

+    private static final Gson GSON = new GsonBuilder()
+            .setPrettyPrinting()
+            .create();
+
    private static final String PROFILE = "{\"selectedProfile\": \"(Default)\",\"profiles\": {\"(Default)\": {\"name\": \"(Default)\"}},\"clientToken\": \"88888888-8888-8888-8888-888888888888\"}";


@@ -841,7 +514,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                FORBIDDEN_VERSION_IDS.contains(id.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)))
            return false;

-        return FileUtils.isNameValidForJar(id);
+        return FileUtils.isNameValid(id);
    }

    /**
@@ -861,37 +534,41 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public static long getAutoAllocatedMemory(long available) {
-        long usable = available - 512 * 1024 * 1024; // Reserve 512 MiB memory for off-heap memory and HMCL itself
-        if (usable <= 0) {
-            return available;
-        }
+    public static long getAllocatedMemory(long minimum, long available, boolean auto) {
+        if (auto) {
+            available -= 512 * 1024 * 1024; // Reserve 512 MiB memory for off-heap memory and HMCL itself
+            if (available <= 0) {
+                return minimum;
+            }

-        final long threshold = 8L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 GiB
-        final long suggested;
-        if (usable <= threshold)
-            suggested = (long) (usable * 0.8);
-        else
-            suggested = Math.min(
-                    (long) (threshold * 0.8 + (usable - threshold) * 0.2),
+            final long threshold = 8L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 GiB
+            final long suggested = Math.min(available <= threshold
+                            ? (long) (available * 0.8)
+                            : (long) (threshold * 0.8 + (available - threshold) * 0.2),
                    16L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);
-        return suggested;
+            return Math.max(minimum, suggested);
+        } else {
+            return minimum;
+        }
    }

    public static ProxyOption getProxyOption() {
-        return switch (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get()) {
-            case SYSTEM -> ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+        if (!config().hasProxy() || config().getProxyType() == null) {
+            return ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+        }
+
+        return switch (config().getProxyType()) {
            case DIRECT -> ProxyOption.Direct.INSTANCE;
            case HTTP, SOCKS -> {
-                String proxyHost = settings().proxyHostProperty().get();
-                int proxyPort = settings().proxyPortProperty().get();
+                String proxyHost = config().getProxyHost();
+                int proxyPort = config().getProxyPort();

                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyHost) || proxyPort < 0 || proxyPort > 0xFFFF) {
                    yield ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
                }

-                String proxyUser = settings().proxyUserProperty().get();
-                String proxyPass = settings().proxyPasswordProperty().get();
+                String proxyUser = config().getProxyUser();
+                String proxyPass = config().getProxyPass();

                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyUser)) {
                    proxyUser = null;
@@ -900,12 +577,13 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                    proxyPass = "";
                }

-                if (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get() == ProxyType.HTTP) {
+                if (config().getProxyType() == Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
                    yield new ProxyOption.Http(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
                } else {
                    yield new ProxyOption.Socks(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
                }
            }
+            default -> ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
        };
    }
 }
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.MinecraftInstanceTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackInstallTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.MinecraftInstanceTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackInstallTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ public final class HMCLModpackInstallTask extends Task<Void> {
    private final List<Task<?>> dependencies = new ArrayList<>(1);
    private final List<Task<?>> dependents = new ArrayList<>(4);

-    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack, String name) {
-        this.repository = repository;
-        this.dependency = repository.getDependency();
+    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack, String name) {
+        dependency = profile.getDependency();
+        repository = profile.getRepository();
        this.zipFile = zipFile;
        this.name = name;
        this.modpack = modpack;
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;

 public final class HMCLModpackManifest implements ModpackManifest {
    public static final HMCLModpackManifest INSTANCE = new HMCLModpackManifest();
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import kala.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveReader;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.MismatchedModpackTypeException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackUpdateTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.MismatchedModpackTypeException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackUpdateTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
@@ -55,7 +56,9 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HMCLModpackProvider requires HMCLGameRepository");
        }

-        return new ModpackUpdateTask(dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), name, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(repository, zipFile, modpack, name));
+        Profile profile = repository.getProfile();
+
+        return new ModpackUpdateTask(dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), name, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(profile, zipFile, modpack, name));
    }

    @Override
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
    private final static class HMCLModpack extends Modpack {
        @Override
        public Task<?> getInstallTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, Path zipFile, String name, String iconUrl) {
-            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), zipFile, this, name);
+            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask(((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository()).getProfile(), zipFile, this, name);
        }
    }

@@ -31,13 +31,10 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackCompletionException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LauncherVisibility;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackCompletionException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
@@ -52,7 +49,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ResponseCodeException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -61,7 +57,6 @@ import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -70,36 +65,33 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;

 import static javafx.application.Platform.runLater;
 import static javafx.application.Platform.setImplicitExit;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.state;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.resolveException;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.TIME_FORMATTER;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform.isCompatibleWithX86Java;

 public final class LauncherHelper {

-    private static final String LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP = "lwjgl3.4.1-ffm";
-
-    private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
+    private final Profile profile;
    private Account account;
    private final String selectedVersion;
    private Path scriptFile;
-    private final GameSettings.Effective setting;
+    private final VersionSetting setting;
    private LauncherVisibility launcherVisibility;
    private boolean showLogs;
    private QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption;
    private boolean disableOfflineSkin = false;

-    public LauncherHelper(HMCLGameRepository repository, Account account, String selectedVersion) {
-        this.repository = Objects.requireNonNull(repository);
+    public LauncherHelper(Profile profile, Account account, String selectedVersion) {
+        this.profile = Objects.requireNonNull(profile);
        this.account = Objects.requireNonNull(account);
        this.selectedVersion = Objects.requireNonNull(selectedVersion);
-        this.setting = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(selectedVersion);
-        this.launcherVisibility = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty);
-        this.showLogs = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::showLogsProperty);
+        this.setting = profile.getVersionSetting(selectedVersion);
+        this.launcherVisibility = setting.getLauncherVisibility();
+        this.showLogs = setting.isShowLogs();
        this.launchingStepsPane.setTitle(i18n("version.launch"));
    }

@@ -148,7 +140,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/4121
        PROCESSES.removeIf(it -> it.get() == null);

-        DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = repository.getDependency();
+        HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
+        DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = profile.getDependency();
        AtomicReference<Version> version = new AtomicReference<>(MaintainTask.maintain(repository, repository.getResolvedVersion(selectedVersion)));
        Optional<String> gameVersion = repository.getGameVersion(version.get());
        boolean integrityCheck = repository.unmarkVersionLaunchedAbnormally(selectedVersion);
@@ -158,11 +151,11 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {

        AtomicReference<JavaRuntime> javaVersionRef = new AtomicReference<>();

-        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(repository, setting, version.get())
+        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(profile, setting, version.get())
                .thenComposeAsync(java -> {
                    javaVersionRef.set(Objects.requireNonNull(java));
                    version.set(NativePatcher.patchNative(repository, version.get(), gameVersion.orElse(null), java, setting, javaArguments));
-                    if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notCheckGameProperty))
+                    if (setting.isNotCheckGame())
                        return null;
                    return Task.allOf(
                            dependencyManager.checkGameCompletionAsync(version.get(), integrityCheck),
@@ -177,66 +170,43 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                }
                            }),
                            Task.composeAsync(() -> {
-                                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
-                                        || !(setting.getRenderer(GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(gameVersion)) instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer)
-                                        || renderer.mesaDriverName() == null)
-                                    return null;
+                                Renderer renderer = setting.getRenderer();
+                                if (renderer != Renderer.DEFAULT && OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                                    Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
+                                    if (lib == null)
+                                        return null;
+                                    Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
+                                    if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
+                                        LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
+                                        return null;
+                                    }

-                                Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
-                                if (lib == null)
-                                    return null;
-                                Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
-                                if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
-                                    LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
-                                    return null;
-                                }
+                                    String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);

-                                String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.mesaDriverName();
-
-                                if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
-                                    return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
-                                            .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
+                                    if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
+                                        return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
+                                                .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
+                                    } else {
+                                        javaAgents.add(agent);
+                                        return null;
+                                    }
                                } else {
-                                    javaAgents.add(agent);
                                    return null;
                                }
                            })
                    );
                }).withStage("launch.state.dependencies")
                .thenComposeAsync(() -> gameVersion.map(s -> new GameVerificationFixTask(dependencyManager, s, version.get())).orElse(null))
-                .thenComposeAsync(() -> {
-                    if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty)
-                            || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty)
-                            || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty)
-                            || Boolean.TRUE.equals(state().getShownTips().get(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP))
-                            || !NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version.get(), javaVersionRef.get().getParsedVersion())) {
-                        return Task.completed(null);
-                    } else {
-                        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
-                        runInFX(() -> {
-                            Controllers.confirm(i18n("launch.advice.lwjgl_3_4_1"), i18n("launch.advice.lwjgl_3_4_1.title"), MessageType.QUESTION, () -> {
-                                state().getShownTips().put(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP, true);
-                                enableAutoAgentForCurrentSetting();
-                                future.complete(null);
-                            }, () -> {
-                                state().getShownTips().put(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP, true);
-                                future.complete(null);
-                            });
-                        });
-                        return Task.fromCompletableFuture(future);
-                    }
-                })
                .thenComposeAsync(() -> logIn(account).withStage("launch.state.logging_in"))
                .thenComposeAsync(authInfo -> Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
                    LaunchOptions.Builder launchOptionsBuilder = repository.getLaunchOptions(
-                            selectedVersion, javaVersionRef.get(), repository.getBaseDirectory(), javaAgents, javaArguments, scriptFile != null);
+                            selectedVersion, javaVersionRef.get(), profile.getGameDir(), javaAgents, javaArguments, scriptFile != null);
                    if (disableOfflineSkin) {
                        launchOptionsBuilder.setDaemon(false);
                    }
                    if (quickPlayOption != null) {
                        launchOptionsBuilder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
                    }
-
                    LaunchOptions launchOptions = launchOptionsBuilder.create();

                    LOG.info("Here's the structure of game mod directory:\n" + FileUtils.printFileStructure(repository.getModsDirectory(selectedVersion), 10));
@@ -387,8 +357,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        executor.start();
    }

-    private static Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(HMCLGameRepository repository, GameSettings.Effective setting, Version version) {
-        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, repository.getGameVersion(version).orElse(null));
+    private static Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(Profile profile, VersionSetting setting, Version version) {
+        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, profile.getRepository().getGameVersion(version).orElse(null));
        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.MINECRAFT));

        Task<JavaRuntime> getJavaTask = Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
@@ -399,10 +369,9 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
            }
        });
        Task<JavaRuntime> task;
-        JavaVersionType javaVersionType = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::javaTypeProperty);
-        if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notCheckJVMProperty)) {
+        if (setting.isNotCheckJVM()) {
            task = getJavaTask.thenApplyAsync(java -> Lang.requireNonNullElse(java, JavaRuntime.getDefault()));
-        } else if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.AUTO || javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
+        } else if (setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.AUTO || setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
            task = getJavaTask.thenComposeAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), java -> {
                if (java != null) {
                    return Task.completed(java);
@@ -415,9 +384,9 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                List<GameJavaVersion> supportedVersions = GameJavaVersion.getSupportedVersions(SYSTEM_PLATFORM);

                GameJavaVersion targetJavaVersion = null;
-                if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
+                if (setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
                    try {
-                        int targetJavaVersionMajor = Integer.parseInt(setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::customJavaVersionProperty));
+                        int targetJavaVersionMajor = Integer.parseInt(setting.getJavaVersion());
                        GameJavaVersion minimumJavaVersion = null;
                        if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
                            Optional<String> cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM);
@@ -455,7 +424,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                }

                if (targetJavaVersion != null && supportedVersions.contains(targetJavaVersion)) {
-                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, repository)
+                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, profile)
                            .whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, exception) -> {
                                if (exception == null) {
                                    future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -532,7 +501,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                            gameJavaVersion = null;

                        if (gameJavaVersion != null) {
-                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, repository).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
+                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, profile).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
                                if (throwable == null) {
                                    setting.setJavaAutoSelected();
                                    future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -545,7 +514,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        }

                        if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.VANILLA_LINUX_JAVA_8)) {
-                            if (!setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty)) {
+                            if (setting.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER) {
                                FXUtils.runInFX(() -> Controllers.dialog(i18n("launch.advice.vanilla_linux_java_8"), i18n("message.error"), MessageType.ERROR, breakAction));
                                return result;
                            } else {
@@ -582,7 +551,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                }

                // 32-bit JVM cannot make use of too much memory.
-                if (java.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32 && !setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty) && setting.getMaxMemory() > 1.5 * 1024) {
+                if (java.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32 && setting.getMaxMemory() > 1.5 * 1024) {
                    // 1.5 * 1024 is an inaccurate number.
                    // Actual memory limit depends on operating system and memory.
                    suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.too_large_memory_for_32bit"));
@@ -629,8 +598,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                            suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.modlauncher8"));
                            break;
                        case VANILLA_X86:
-                            if (!setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty)
-                                    && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
+                            if (setting.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER
+                                    && isCompatibleWithX86Java()) {
                                suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.vanilla_x86.translation"));
                            }
                            break;
@@ -641,7 +610,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {

                // Cannot allocate too much memory exceeding free space.
                long totalMemorySizeMB = (long) MEGABYTES.convertFromBytes(SystemInfo.getTotalMemorySize());
-                if (totalMemorySizeMB > 0 && !setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty) && totalMemorySizeMB < setting.getMaxMemory()) {
+                if (totalMemorySizeMB > 0 && totalMemorySizeMB < setting.getMaxMemory()) {
                    suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.not_enough_space", totalMemorySizeMB));
                }

@@ -690,14 +659,14 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        return task.withStage("launch.state.java");
    }

-    private static CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, HMCLGameRepository repository) {
+    private static CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, Profile profile) {
        CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
        Controllers.dialog(new MessageDialogPane.Builder(
                i18n("launch.advice.require_newer_java_version", javaVersion.majorVersion()),
                i18n("message.warning"),
                MessageType.QUESTION)
                .yesOrNo(() -> {
-                    DownloadProvider downloadProvider = repository.getDependency().getDownloadProvider();
+                    DownloadProvider downloadProvider = profile.getDependency().getDownloadProvider();
                    Controllers.taskDialog(JavaManager.getDownloadJavaTask(downloadProvider, SYSTEM_PLATFORM, javaVersion)
                            .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
                                if (exception == null) {
@@ -761,10 +730,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
            case HIDE_AND_REOPEN:
                runLater(() -> {
                    Optional.ofNullable(Controllers.getStage())
-                            .ifPresent(stage -> {
-                                stage.setIconified(false);
-                                stage.show();
-                            });
+                            .ifPresent(Stage::show);
                });
                break;
            case KEEP:
@@ -783,16 +749,6 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        }
    }

-    private void enableAutoAgentForCurrentSetting() {
-        GameSettings.Instance instance = setting.getInstance();
-        if (instance != null
-                && instance.getOverrideProperties().contains(GameSettings.PROPERTY_ALLOW_AUTO_AGENT)) {
-            instance.allowAutoAgentProperty().setValue(true);
-        } else {
-            setting.getPreset().allowAutoAgentProperty().setValue(true);
-        }
-    }
-
    /**
     * The managed process listener.
     * Guarantee that one [JavaProcess], one [HMCLProcessListener].
@@ -899,10 +855,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                    runLater(() -> {
                        // If application was stopped and execution services did not finish termination,
                        // these codes will be executed.
-                        @Nullable Stage stage = Controllers.getStage();
-                        if (stage != null) {
-                            stage.setIconified(false);
-                            stage.hide();
+                        if (Controllers.getStage() != null) {
+                            Controllers.getStage().hide();
                            launchingLatch.countDown();
                        }
                    });
@@ -975,7 +929,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        @Override
        public void onExit(int exitCode, ExitType exitType) {
            if (showLogs) {
-                logBuffer.add(new Log(String.format("[%s] [HMCL ProcessListener] Minecraft exit with code %d(0x%x), type is %s.", TIME_FORMATTER.format(Instant.now()), exitCode, exitCode, exitType), Log4jLevel.INFO));
+                logBuffer.add(new Log(String.format("[HMCL ProcessListener] Minecraft exit with code %d(0x%x), type is %s.", exitCode, exitCode, exitType), Log4jLevel.INFO));
                submitLogThread.interrupt();
                try {
                    submitLogThread.join();
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddon;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddonRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.LocalModFile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteMod;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteModRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.versions.ModTranslations;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
@@ -31,12 +32,12 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

-public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepository {
+public abstract class LocalizedRemoteModRepository implements RemoteModRepository {
    private static final int CONTAIN_CHINESE_WEIGHT = 10;

    private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

-    protected abstract RemoteAddonRepository getBackedRemoteModRepository();
+    protected abstract RemoteModRepository getBackedRemoteModRepository();

    protected abstract SortType getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder();

@@ -46,47 +47,38 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
        }

-        Set<String> englishSearchFiltersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+        Set<String> englishSearchFiltersSet = new HashSet<>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);

        int count = 0;
        for (ModTranslations.Mod mod : ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).searchMod(searchFilter)) {
-            String englishSearchFilter = String.join(" ", StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.getSubname()) ? mod.getSubname() : mod.getName()));
-            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(englishSearchFilter)) {
-                englishSearchFiltersSet.add(englishSearchFilter);
+            for (String englishWord : StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.getSubname()) ? mod.getSubname() : mod.getName())) {
+                if (englishSearchFiltersSet.contains(englishWord)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                englishSearchFiltersSet.add(englishWord);
            }

            count++;
            if (count >= 3) break;
        }

-        if (englishSearchFiltersSet.isEmpty()) {
-            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
-        }
-
-        RemoteAddon[] searchResultArray = new RemoteAddon[pageSize];
+        RemoteMod[] searchResultArray = new RemoteMod[pageSize];
        int totalPages, chineseIndex = 0, englishIndex = pageSize - 1;
        {
-            SearchResult searchResult = null;
-            List<RemoteAddon> remoteAddons = List.of();
-            for (String englishSearchFilter : englishSearchFiltersSet) {
-                searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, englishSearchFilter, getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder(), sortOrder);
-                remoteAddons = searchResult.getUnsortedResults().toList();
-                if (!remoteAddons.isEmpty()) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (RemoteAddon remoteAddon : remoteAddons) {
+            SearchResult searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, String.join(" ", englishSearchFiltersSet), getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder(), sortOrder);
+            for (Iterator<RemoteMod> iterator = searchResult.getUnsortedResults().iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
                if (chineseIndex > englishIndex) {
                    LOG.warning("Too many search results! Are the backed remote mod repository broken? Or are the API broken?");
                    continue;
                }

-                ModTranslations.Mod chineseTranslation = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteAddon.slug());
+                RemoteMod remoteMod = iterator.next();
+                ModTranslations.Mod chineseTranslation = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.getSlug());
                if (chineseTranslation != null && !StringUtils.isBlank(chineseTranslation.getName()) && StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseTranslation.getName())) {
-                    searchResultArray[chineseIndex++] = remoteAddon;
+                    searchResultArray[chineseIndex++] = remoteMod;
                } else {
-                    searchResultArray[englishIndex--] = remoteAddon;
+                    searchResultArray[englishIndex--] = remoteMod;
                }
            }
            totalPages = searchResult.getTotalPages();
@@ -94,7 +86,7 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos

        StringUtils.LevCalculator levCalculator = new StringUtils.LevCalculator();
        return new SearchResult(Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(searchResultArray, 0, chineseIndex).map(remoteMod -> {
-            ModTranslations.Mod chineseRemoteMod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.slug());
+            ModTranslations.Mod chineseRemoteMod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.getSlug());
            if (chineseRemoteMod == null || StringUtils.isBlank(chineseRemoteMod.getName()) || !StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseRemoteMod.getName())) {
                return Pair.pair(remoteMod, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            }
@@ -118,22 +110,22 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepos
    }

    @Override
-    public Optional<RemoteAddon.Version> getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(Path file) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(file);
+    public Optional<RemoteMod.Version> getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(LocalModFile localModFile, Path file) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(localModFile, file);
    }

    @Override
-    public RemoteAddon getModById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+    public RemoteMod getModById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModById(downloadProvider, id);
    }

    @Override
-    public RemoteAddon.File getModFile(String modId, String fileId) throws IOException {
+    public RemoteMod.File getModFile(String modId, String fileId) throws IOException {
        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModFile(modId, fileId);
    }

    @Override
-    public Stream<RemoteAddon.Version> getRemoteVersionsById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+    public Stream<RemoteMod.Version> getRemoteVersionsById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionsById(downloadProvider, id);
    }
 }
@@ -19,18 +19,19 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Log4jLevel;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;

 public final class Log {
    public static final int DEFAULT_LOG_LINES = 2000;

    public static int getLogLines() {
-        Integer lines = settings().logLinesProperty().get();
+        Integer lines = config().getLogLines();
        return lines != null && lines > 0 ? lines : DEFAULT_LOG_LINES;
    }

    private final String log;
    private Log4jLevel level;
+    private boolean selected = false;

    public Log(String log) {
        this.log = log;
@@ -56,6 +57,14 @@ public final class Log {
        return level;
    }

+    public boolean isSelected() {
+        return selected;
+    }
+
+    public void setSelected(boolean selected) {
+        this.selected = selected;
+    }
+
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return log;
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import kala.encdet.EncodingDetector;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Zipper;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public final class LogExporter {
            for (Path file : stream) {
                if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
                    if (logMatcher == null || logMatcher.matches(file)) {
-                        try (BufferedReader reader = EncodingDetector.MODERN_WEB.newBufferedReader(file)) {
+                        try (BufferedReader reader = IOUtils.newBufferedReaderMaybeNativeEncoding(file)) {
                            zipper.putLines(reader.lines().map(Logger::filterForbiddenToken), file.getFileName().toString());
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            LOG.warning("Failed to read log file: " + file, e);
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Unzipper;
@@ -26,20 +27,18 @@ import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
-
 public class ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask extends Task<Path> {

+    private final Profile profile;
    private final Path zipFile;
    private final Charset charset;
    private final String name;

-    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name) {
+    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name) {
+        this.profile = profile;
        this.zipFile = zipFile;
        this.charset = charset;
        this.name = name;
-
-        setName(i18n("modpack.installing"));
    }

    @Override
@@ -20,33 +20,28 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import kala.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveReader;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.curse.CurseModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.mcbbs.McbbsModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.mcbbs.McbbsModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.modrinth.ModrinthModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCComponents;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCInstanceConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameWindowType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectoryManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.curse.CurseModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.mcbbs.McbbsModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.mcbbs.McbbsModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.modrinth.ModrinthModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCComponents;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCInstanceConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profiles;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionSetting;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalConsumer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalRunnable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@@ -56,18 +51,13 @@ import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.toIterable;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;

-/// Utilities for reading, installing, and applying modpack-specific game settings.
-@NotNullByDefault
 public final class ModpackHelper {
    private ModpackHelper() {
    }
@@ -156,16 +146,16 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
        }
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, String name, Modpack modpack) {
-        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(Profile profile, ServerModpackManifest manifest, String name, Modpack modpack) {
+        profile.getRepository().markVersionAsModpack(name);

        ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
+            HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
            repository.refreshVersions();
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
+            VersionSetting vs = repository.specializeVersionSetting(name);
            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (setting != null) {
-                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-            }
+            if (vs != null)
+                vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
        };

        ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -175,41 +165,39 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
            }
        };

-        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name)
+        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name)
                .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+                .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
    }

    public static boolean isExternalGameNameConflicts(String name) {
        return Files.exists(Paths.get("externalgames").resolve(name));
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Path zipFile, String name, Charset charset) {
+    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, String name, Charset charset) {
        if (isExternalGameNameConflicts(name)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("name existing");
        }

-        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(zipFile, charset, name)
+        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(profile, zipFile, charset, name)
                .thenAcceptAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), location -> {
-                    GameDirectory newGameDirectory = new GameDirectory(
-                            GameDirectoryManager.newGameDirectoryId(),
-                            LocalizedText.plain(name),
-                            PortablePath.fromPath(location));
-                    GameDirectoryManager.addLocalGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
-                    GameDirectoryManager.setSelectedGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
+                    Profile newProfile = new Profile(name, location);
+                    newProfile.setUseRelativePath(true);
+                    Profiles.getProfiles().add(newProfile);
+                    Profiles.setSelectedProfile(newProfile);
                });
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, String name, Modpack modpack, String iconUrl) {
-        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, String name, Modpack modpack, String iconUrl) {
+        profile.getRepository().markVersionAsModpack(name);

        ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
+            HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
            repository.refreshVersions();
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
+            VersionSetting vs = repository.specializeVersionSetting(name);
            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (setting != null) {
-                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-            }
+            if (vs != null)
+                vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
        };

        ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -220,149 +208,114 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
        };

        if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(profile, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
        else if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof McbbsModpackManifest)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(repository, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(profile, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
        else
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
-                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
+                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), success, failure)
+                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
    }

-    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
+    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(Profile profile, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
        switch (configuration.getType()) {
            case ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask.MODPACK_TYPE:
-                return new ModpackUpdateTask(repository, name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name))
-                        .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync())
-                        .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
+                return new ModpackUpdateTask(profile.getRepository(), name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name))
+                        .thenComposeAsync(profile.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync())
+                        .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
        }
    }

-    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
+    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
        Modpack modpack = ModpackHelper.readModpackManifest(zipFile, charset);
        ModpackProvider provider = getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
        if (provider == null) {
            throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
        }
        if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(profile.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(profile, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(profile.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync());
        else
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(profile.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(profile.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync());
    }

-    public static void toGameSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
-        setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+    public static void toVersionSetting(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, VersionSetting vs) {
+        vs.setUsesGlobal(false);
+        vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);

        if (c.isOverrideJavaLocation()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JAVA_TYPE);
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_CUSTOM_JAVA_PATH);
-            setting.javaTypeProperty().setValue(JavaVersionType.CUSTOM);
-            setting.customJavaPathProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getJavaPath(), ""));
+            vs.setJavaDir(Lang.nonNull(c.getJavaPath(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideMemory()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PERM_SIZE,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MAX_MEMORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY
-            ));
-            setting.permSizeProperty().setValue(Optional.ofNullable(c.getPermGen()).map(Object::toString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setPermSize(Optional.ofNullable(c.getPermGen()).map(Object::toString).orElse(""));
            if (c.getMaxMemory() != null)
-                setting.maxMemoryProperty().setValue(c.getMaxMemory());
-            setting.minMemoryProperty().setValue(c.getMinMemory());
+                vs.setMaxMemory(c.getMaxMemory());
+            vs.setMinMemory(c.getMinMemory());
        }

        if (c.isOverrideCommands()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_COMMAND_WRAPPER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PRE_LAUNCH_COMMAND
-            ));
-            setting.commandWrapperProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
-            setting.preLaunchCommandProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
+            vs.setWrapper(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
+            vs.setPreLaunchCommand(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideJavaArgs()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS);
-            setting.jvmOptionsProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
+            vs.setJavaArgs(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideConsole()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_SHOW_LOGS);
-            setting.showLogsProperty().setValue(c.isShowConsole());
+            vs.setShowLogs(c.isShowConsole());
        }

        if (c.isOverrideWindow()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WINDOW_TYPE,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WIDTH,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_HEIGHT
-            ));
-            setting.windowTypeProperty().setValue(c.isFullscreen() ? GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN : GameWindowType.WINDOWED);
+            vs.setFullscreen(c.isFullscreen());
            if (c.getWidth() != null)
-                setting.widthProperty().setValue(c.getWidth().doubleValue());
+                vs.setWidth(c.getWidth());
            if (c.getHeight() != null)
-                setting.heightProperty().setValue(c.getHeight().doubleValue());
+                vs.setHeight(c.getHeight());
        }
    }

-    private static void applyCommandAndJvmSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
+    private static void applyCommandAndJvmSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, VersionSetting vs) {
        if (c.isOverrideCommands()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_COMMAND_WRAPPER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PRE_LAUNCH_COMMAND
-            ));
-            setting.commandWrapperProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
-            setting.preLaunchCommandProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
+            vs.setWrapper(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
+            vs.setPreLaunchCommand(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideJavaArgs()) {
-            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS);
-            setting.jvmOptionsProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
+            vs.setJavaArgs(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
        }
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(Profile profile, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
-            ModpackHelper.applyCommandAndJvmSettings(manifest, setting);
+            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
+            ModpackHelper.applyCommandAndJvmSettings(manifest, vs);
        });
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(Profile profile, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
-            ModpackHelper.toGameSettings(manifest, setting);
+            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
+            ModpackHelper.toVersionSetting(manifest, vs);
        });
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(Profile profile, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            GameSettings.Effective effective = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(version);
-            if (manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory() > effective.getMaxMemory()) {
-                GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
-                setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
-                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY,
-                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_MAX_MEMORY,
-                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_PERM_SIZE
-                ));
-                setting.autoMemoryProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty));
-                setting.minMemoryProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::minMemoryProperty));
-                setting.maxMemoryProperty().setValue(manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory());
-                setting.permSizeProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::permSizeProperty));
-            }
+            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
+            if (manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory() > vs.getMaxMemory())
+                vs.setMaxMemory(manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory());
        });
    }
 }
@@ -30,10 +30,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;

 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
-import java.util.Base64;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

@@ -166,16 +163,8 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        return newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.OK, "text/html; charset=UTF-8", html);
    }

-    @Override
-    public void close() {
-        if (!future.isDone())
-            future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("OAuth server is closing"));
-        stop();
-    }
-
    public static class Factory implements OAuth.Callback {
        public final EventManager<GrantDeviceCodeEvent> onGrantDeviceCode = new EventManager<>();
-        public final EventManager<LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent> onLoginCompletedDeviceCode = new EventManager<>();
        public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowserAuthorizationCode = new EventManager<>();
        public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowserDevice = new EventManager<>();

@@ -203,11 +192,6 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
            onGrantDeviceCode.fireEvent(new GrantDeviceCodeEvent(this, userCode, verificationURI));
        }

-        @Override
-        public void loginCompletedDeviceCode() {
-            onLoginCompletedDeviceCode.fireEvent(new LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent(this));
-        }
-
        @Override
        public void openBrowser(OAuth.GrantFlow grantFlow, String url) throws IOException {
            lastlyOpenedURL = url;
@@ -244,12 +228,6 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        }
    }

-    public static class LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent extends Event {
-        public LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent(Object source) {
-            super(source);
-        }
-    }
-
    public static class OpenBrowserEvent extends Event {
        private final String url;

@@ -45,10 +45,7 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.UUID;
-import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -68,18 +65,29 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    // ==== Texture Loading ====
-    public record LoadedTexture(Image image, Map<String, String> metadata) {
-        public LoadedTexture {
-            requireNonNull(image);
-            requireNonNull(metadata);
+    public static class LoadedTexture {
+        private final Image image;
+        private final Map<String, String> metadata;
+
+        public LoadedTexture(Image image, Map<String, String> metadata) {
+            this.image = requireNonNull(image);
+            this.metadata = requireNonNull(metadata);
+        }
+
+        public Image getImage() {
+            return image;
+        }
+
+        public Map<String, String> getMetadata() {
+            return metadata;
        }
    }

    private static final ThreadPoolExecutor POOL = threadPool("TexturesDownload", true, 2, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-    private static final Path TEXTURES_DIR = Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("skins");
+    private static final Path TEXTURES_DIR = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("skins");

    private static Path getTexturePath(Texture texture) {
-        String url = texture.url();
+        String url = texture.getUrl();
        int slash = url.lastIndexOf('/');
        int dot = url.lastIndexOf('.');
        if (dot < slash) {
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static LoadedTexture loadTexture(Texture texture) throws Throwable {
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(texture.url())) {
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(texture.getUrl())) {
            throw new IOException("Texture url is empty");
        }

@@ -99,14 +107,14 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
        if (!Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
            // download it
            try {
-                new FileDownloadTask(texture.url(), file).run();
-                LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.url());
+                new FileDownloadTask(texture.getUrl(), file).run();
+                LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.getUrl());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
                    // concurrency conflict?
-                    LOG.warning("Failed to download texture " + texture.url() + ", but the file is available", e);
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to download texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", but the file is available", e);
                } else {
-                    throw new IOException("Failed to download texture " + texture.url());
+                    throw new IOException("Failed to download texture " + texture.getUrl());
                }
            }
        }
@@ -119,7 +127,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
        if (img.isError())
            throw img.getException();

-        Map<String, String> metadata = texture.metadata();
+        Map<String, String> metadata = texture.getMetadata();
        if (metadata == null) {
            metadata = emptyMap();
        }
@@ -150,7 +158,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static TextureModel getDefaultModel(UUID uuid) {
-        return TextureModel.WIDE.modelName.equals(getDefaultSkin(uuid).metadata().get("model"))
+        return TextureModel.WIDE.modelName.equals(getDefaultSkin(uuid).getMetadata().get("model"))
                ? TextureModel.WIDE
                : TextureModel.SLIM;
    }
@@ -168,7 +176,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                            }
                        })
                        .flatMap(it -> Optional.ofNullable(it.get(TextureType.SKIN)))
-                        .filter(it -> StringUtils.isNotBlank(it.url())))
+                        .filter(it -> StringUtils.isNotBlank(it.getUrl())))
                .asyncMap(it -> {
                    if (it.isPresent()) {
                        Texture texture = it.get();
@@ -176,7 +184,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                            try {
                                return loadTexture(texture);
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                                LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.url() + ", using fallback texture", e);
+                                LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", using fallback texture", e);
                                return uuidFallback;
                            }
                        }, POOL);
@@ -187,29 +195,29 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static ObservableValue<LoadedTexture> skinBinding(Account account) {
-        LoadedTexture uuidFallback = getDefaultSkin(account.getProfileID());
+        LoadedTexture uuidFallback = getDefaultSkin(account.getUUID());
        if (account instanceof OfflineAccount) {
            OfflineAccount offlineAccount = (OfflineAccount) account;

            SimpleObjectProperty<LoadedTexture> binding = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
            InvalidationListener listener = o -> {
                Skin skin = offlineAccount.getSkin();
-                String profileName = offlineAccount.getProfileName();
+                String username = offlineAccount.getUsername();

                binding.set(uuidFallback);
                if (skin != null) {
-                    skin.load(profileName).setExecutor(POOL).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
+                    skin.load(username).setExecutor(POOL).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
                        if (exception != null) {
                            LOG.warning("Failed to load texture", exception);
-                        } else if (result != null && result.skin() != null && result.skin().image() != null) {
+                        } else if (result != null && result.getSkin() != null && result.getSkin().getImage() != null) {
                            Map<String, String> metadata;
-                            if (result.model() != null) {
-                                metadata = singletonMap("model", result.model().modelName);
+                            if (result.getModel() != null) {
+                                metadata = singletonMap("model", result.getModel().modelName);
                            } else {
                                metadata = emptyMap();
                            }

-                            binding.set(new LoadedTexture(result.skin().image(), metadata));
+                            binding.set(new LoadedTexture(result.getSkin().getImage(), metadata));
                        }
                    }).start();
                }
@@ -226,12 +234,12 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                    .asyncMap(textures -> {
                        if (textures.isPresent()) {
                            Texture texture = textures.get().get(TextureType.SKIN);
-                            if (texture != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(texture.url())) {
+                            if (texture != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(texture.getUrl())) {
                                return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
                                    try {
                                        return loadTexture(texture);
                                    } catch (Throwable e) {
-                                        LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.url() + ", using fallback texture", e);
+                                        LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", using fallback texture", e);
                                        return uuidFallback;
                                    }
                                }, POOL);
@@ -310,7 +318,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
            fxAvatarBinding(canvas, skinBinding(account));
        else {
            unbindAvatar(canvas);
-            drawAvatar(canvas, getDefaultSkin(account.getProfileID()).image);
+            drawAvatar(canvas, getDefaultSkin(account.getUUID()).image);
        }
    }

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
        return getJavaExecutable(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
    }

-    private static void getAllJava(List<Path> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot) {
+    private static void getAllJava(List<JavaRuntime> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot, boolean isManaged) {
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(platformRoot)) {
            for (Path file : stream) {
                try {
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
                        }

                        if (Files.isDirectory(javaDir)) {
-                            list.add(executable);
+                            JavaManifest manifest = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, JavaManifest.class);
+                            list.add(JavaRuntime.of(executable, manifest.getInfo(), isManaged));
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Throwable e) {
@@ -130,23 +131,28 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    @Override
-    public Collection<Path> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
+    public Collection<JavaRuntime> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
        Path platformRoot = getPlatformRoot(platform);
        if (!Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
            return Collections.emptyList();

-        ArrayList<Path> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        ArrayList<JavaRuntime> list = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, true);
+        if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+            platformRoot = root.resolve(platform.getOperatingSystem().getMojangName() + "-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
+            if (Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
+                getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, false);
+        }

-        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot);
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Task<JavaRuntime> getDownloadJavaTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
        Path javaDir = getJavaDir(platform, gameJavaVersion);
-        Path tempDir = getPlatformRoot(platform).resolve(".tmp").resolve(javaDir.getFileName());

-        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, tempDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
+        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
            Path executable;
            try {
                executable = JavaManager.getExecutable(javaDir).toRealPath();
@@ -159,16 +165,16 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {

            JavaInfo info;
            if (JavaManager.isCompatible(platform))
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
            else
-                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download().version().name(), null);
+                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download.getVersion().getName(), null);

            Map<String, Object> update = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            update.put("provider", "mojang");
            update.put("component", gameJavaVersion.component());

            Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-            result.remoteFiles().files().forEach((path, file) -> {
+            result.remoteFiles.getFiles().forEach((path, file) -> {
                if (file instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) {
                    DownloadInfo downloadInfo = ((MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) file).getDownloads().get("raw");
                    if (downloadInfo != null) {
@@ -190,12 +196,12 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    public Task<JavaRuntime> getInstallJavaTask(Platform platform, String name, Map<String, Object> update, Path archiveFile) {
        Path javaDir = getJavaDir(platform, name);
        return new JavaInstallTask(javaDir, update, archiveFile).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
-            if (!result.info().getPlatform().equals(platform))
-                throw new IOException("Platform is mismatch: expected " + platform + " but got " + result.info().getPlatform());
+            if (!result.getInfo().getPlatform().equals(platform))
+                throw new IOException("Platform is mismatch: expected " + platform + " but got " + result.getInfo().getPlatform());

            Path executable = javaDir.resolve("bin").resolve(platform.getOperatingSystem().getJavaExecutable()).toRealPath();
            JsonUtils.writeToJsonFile(getManifestFile(platform, name), result);
-            return JavaRuntime.of(executable, result.info(), true);
+            return JavaRuntime.of(executable, result.getInfo(), true);
        });
    }

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;

 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;

 /**
@@ -39,10 +39,35 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
    private JavaInfoUtils() {
    }

-    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable) throws IOException {
+    private static Path tryFindReleaseFile(Path executable) {
+        Path parent = executable.getParent();
+        if (parent != null && parent.getFileName() != null && parent.getFileName().toString().equals("bin")) {
+            Path javaHome = parent.getParent();
+            if (javaHome != null && javaHome.getFileName() != null) {
+                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
+                String javaHomeName = javaHome.getFileName().toString();
+                if ((javaHomeName.contains("jre") || javaHomeName.contains("jdk") || javaHomeName.contains("openj9"))
+                        && Files.isRegularFile(releaseFile)) {
+                    return releaseFile;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable, boolean tryFindReleaseFile) throws IOException {
        assert executable.isAbsolute();

+        Path releaseFile;
+        if (tryFindReleaseFile && (releaseFile = tryFindReleaseFile(executable)) != null) {
+            try {
+                return JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
+            } catch (IOException ignored) {
+            }
+        }
+
        Path thisPath = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
+
        if (thisPath == null) {
            throw new IOException("Failed to find current HMCL location");
        }
@@ -69,6 +94,7 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
                            ? architecture
                            : Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH);

+
            return new JavaInfo(platform, result.javaVersion, result.javaVendor);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw e;
@@ -77,9 +103,14 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
        }
    }

-    @JsonSerializable
-    private record Result(@SerializedName("os.name") String osName, @SerializedName("os.arch") String osArch,
-                          @SerializedName("java.version") String javaVersion,
-                          @SerializedName("java.vendor") String javaVendor) {
+    private static final class Result {
+        @SerializedName("os.name")
+        public String osName;
+        @SerializedName("os.arch")
+        public String osArch;
+        @SerializedName("java.version")
+        public String javaVersion;
+        @SerializedName("java.vendor")
+        public String javaVendor;
    }
 }
@@ -17,11 +17,6 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;

-import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
-import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -30,20 +25,14 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameJavaVersion;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.JavaVersionConstraint;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.Version;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FXThread;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.UnsupportedPlatformException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinReg;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -51,14 +40,9 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.*;
-import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -71,18 +55,8 @@ public final class JavaManager {
    private JavaManager() {
    }

-    private static final String[] KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES = {
-            "Java",
-            "BellSoft",
-            "AdoptOpenJDK",
-            "Zulu",
-            "Microsoft",
-            "Eclipse Foundation",
-            "Semeru"
-    };
-
-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("java"));
-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("java"));
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));

    public static String getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform platform) {
        if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
@@ -129,27 +103,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
-                    // Windows x86-64 platform is compatible with x86 programs
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86;
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-
-                    // Since Windows 10 Build 21277, Windows Arm64 has been compatible with x86-64 programs via translation
-                    if (architecture == Architecture.X86_64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
-                        return true;
-
-                    // Windows Arm64 is compatible with x86 programs via translation
-                    if (architecture == Architecture.X86)
-                        return true;
-                    return false;
-                }
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
+                    return OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277 && architecture == Architecture.X86_64 || architecture == Architecture.X86;
                break;
            case LINUX:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86;
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                // macOS Arm64 compatible with x86-64 programs via Rosetta 2.
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86_64;
                break;
        }
@@ -197,12 +160,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
            return javaRuntime;
        }

-        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
+        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
        return JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false);
    }

    public static void refresh() {
-        Task.supplyAsync(() -> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(false)).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
+        Task.supplyAsync(JavaManager::searchPotentialJavaExecutables).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
            if (result != null) {
                LATCH.await();
                allJava = result;
@@ -220,11 +183,9 @@ public final class JavaManager {

                    String pathString = javaRuntime.getBinary().toString();

-                    if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()) {
-                        SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().remove(pathString);
-                        if (SettingsManager.userSettings().getUserJava().add(pathString)) {
-                            addJava(javaRuntime);
-                        }
+                    ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().remove(pathString);
+                    if (ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getUserJava().add(pathString)) {
+                        addJava(javaRuntime);
                    }
                    return javaRuntime;
                });
@@ -276,7 +237,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        }
    }

-    @FXThread
+    // FXThread
    public static void addJava(JavaRuntime java) throws InterruptedException {
        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> oldMap = getAllJavaMap();
        if (!oldMap.containsKey(java.getBinary())) {
@@ -287,12 +248,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        }
    }

-    @FXThread
+    // FXThread
    public static void removeJava(JavaRuntime java) throws InterruptedException {
        removeJava(java.getBinary());
    }

-    @FXThread
+    // FXThread
    public static void removeJava(Path realPath) throws InterruptedException {
        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> oldMap = getAllJavaMap();
        if (oldMap.containsKey(realPath)) {
@@ -365,7 +326,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
    }

    public static void initialize() {
-        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables(true);
+        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables();
        JavaManager.allJava = allJava;
        LATCH.countDown();
        FXUtils.runInFX(() -> updateAllJavaProperty(allJava));
@@ -373,56 +334,56 @@ public final class JavaManager {

    // search java

-    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(boolean useCache) {
-        Searcher searcher = new Searcher(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("javaCache.json"));
-        if (useCache)
-            searcher.loadCache();
-
-        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables() {
+        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
+        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
-                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                    if (Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
-                        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
-                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                    if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277)
+                        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
+                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                }
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
-                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
+                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
                break;
        }

        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
-                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
-                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
-                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
-                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");
+                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
+                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
+                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
+                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");

-                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
-                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
+                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
+                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+                    searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(ARM)", "C:\\Program Files (ARM)");
+                }
                break;
            case LINUX:
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
-                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
+                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
                // Homebrew
-                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
-                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
-                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
+                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
                    for (Path dir : dirs) {
-                        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(dir);
+                        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, dir);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to get subdirectories of /opt/homebrew/Cellar");
@@ -436,16 +397,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        // Search Minecraft bundled runtimes
        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.isX86()) {
            FileUtils.tryGetPath(System.getenv("localappdata"), "Packages\\Microsoft.4297127D64EC6_8wekyb3d8bbwe\\LocalCache\\Local\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));

            FileUtils.tryGetPath(Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)"), "C:\\Program Files (x86)"), "Minecraft Launcher\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));
        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
        }
-        searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
+        searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);

        // Search in PATH.
        if (System.getenv("PATH") != null) {
@@ -459,7 +420,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
                }

                try {
-                    searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
+                    tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                }
            }
@@ -469,17 +430,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
            String[] paths = System.getenv("HMCL_JRES").split(File.pathSeparator);
            for (String path : paths) {
                try {
-                    searcher.tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(path));
+                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(path));
                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                }
            }
        }
+        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));

-        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));
-
-        for (String javaPath : SettingsManager.userSettings().getUserJava()) {
+        for (String javaPath : ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getUserJava()) {
            try {
-                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(javaPath));
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(javaPath));
            } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
                LOG.warning("Invalid Java path: " + javaPath);
            }
@@ -487,406 +447,233 @@ public final class JavaManager {

        JavaRuntime currentJava = JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JAVA;
        if (currentJava != null
-                && !searcher.javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
-                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().contains(currentJava.getBinary().toString())) {
-            searcher.addResult(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
+                && !javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
+                && !ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(currentJava.getBinary().toString())) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
        }

-        searcher.saveCache();
-
-        LOG.trace(searcher.javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
+        LOG.trace(javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
                .map(it -> String.format(" - %s %s (%s, %s): %s",
                        it.isJDK() ? "JDK" : "JRE",
                        it.getVersion(),
                        it.getPlatform().getArchitecture().getDisplayName(),
                        Lang.requireNonNullElse(it.getVendor(), "Unknown"),
                        it.getBinary()))
-                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + searcher.javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
-        return searcher.javaRuntimes;
+                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
+
+        return javaRuntimes;
    }

-    private static final class Searcher {
-        private final Path cacheFile;
-        final Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
-        private final LinkedHashMap<Path, JavaInfoCache> caches = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-        private final Set<Path> failed = new HashSet<>();
-        private boolean needRefreshCache = false;
-
-        Searcher(Path cacheFile) {
-            this.cacheFile = cacheFile;
+    private static void tryAddJavaHome(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path javaHome) {
+        Path executable = getExecutable(javaHome);
+        if (!Files.isRegularFile(executable)) {
+            return;
        }

-        private static final Pattern CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?<major>\\d+)(?:\\.(?<minor>\\d+))?");
-        private static final int CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION = 0;
-        private static final int CACHE_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
-
-        private record JavaInfoCache(String key, JavaInfo info) {
+        try {
+            executable = executable.toRealPath();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to resolve path " + executable, e);
+            return;
        }

-        void loadCache() {
-            if (Files.notExists(cacheFile))
-                return;
+        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
+            return;
+        }

+        JavaInfo info = null;
+
+        Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
+        if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
            try {
-                JsonObject jsonFile = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(cacheFile, JsonObject.class);
-                JsonElement fileVersion = jsonFile.get("version");
-
-                Matcher matcher;
-                if (fileVersion instanceof JsonPrimitive version
-                        && (matcher = CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN.matcher(version.getAsString())).matches()) {
-                    int major = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group("major"));
-
-                    String minorString = matcher.group("minor");
-                    int minor = minorString != null ? Integer.parseInt(minorString) : 0;
-
-                    if (major != CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < CACHE_MINOR_VERSION)
-                        throw new IOException("Unsupported cache file, version: %s".formatted(version.getAsString()));
-                } else
-                    throw new IOException("Invalid version JSON: " + fileVersion);
-
-                JsonArray cachesArray = jsonFile.getAsJsonArray("caches");
-
-                for (JsonElement element : cachesArray) {
-                    try {
-                        var obj = (JsonObject) element;
-
-                        Path realPath = Path.of(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("path").getAsString()).toRealPath();
-                        String key = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("key").getAsString();
-
-                        OperatingSystem osName = OperatingSystem.parseOSName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.name").getAsString());
-                        Architecture osArch = Architecture.parseArchName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.arch").getAsString());
-                        String javaVersion = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("java.version").getAsString();
-
-                        JavaInfo.Builder infoBuilder = JavaInfo.newBuilder(Platform.getPlatform(osName, osArch), javaVersion);
-
-                        if (obj.get("java.vendor") instanceof JsonPrimitive vendor)
-                            infoBuilder.setVendor(vendor.getAsString());
-
-                        caches.put(realPath, new JavaInfoCache(key, infoBuilder.build()));
-                    } catch (Exception e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Invalid cache: " + element);
-                        needRefreshCache = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            } catch (Exception ex) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to load cache file: " + cacheFile);
-                needRefreshCache = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        void saveCache() {
-            if (!needRefreshCache)
-                return;
-
-            needRefreshCache = false;
-            try {
-                FileUtils.saveSafely(cacheFile, output -> {
-                    try (var writer = new JsonWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
-                        writer.beginObject();
-
-                        writer.name("version").value("%d.%d".formatted(CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION, CACHE_MINOR_VERSION));
-
-                        writer.name("caches");
-                        writer.beginArray();
-                        for (Map.Entry<Path, JavaInfoCache> entry : caches.entrySet()) {
-                            Path path = entry.getKey();
-                            JavaInfoCache cache = entry.getValue();
-                            JavaInfo info = cache.info();
-
-                            writer.beginObject();
-
-                            writer.name("path").value(path.toString());
-                            writer.name("key").value(cache.key());
-
-                            writer.name("os.name").value(info.getPlatform().os().getCheckedName());
-                            writer.name("os.arch").value(info.getPlatform().arch().getCheckedName());
-                            writer.name("java.version").value(info.getVersion());
-                            if (info.getVendor() != null)
-                                writer.name("java.vendor").value(info.getVendor());
-
-                            writer.endObject();
-                        }
-                        writer.endArray();
-
-                        writer.endObject();
-                    }
-                });
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to save cache file: " + cacheFile);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static @Nullable String createCacheKey(Path realPath) {
-            Path binDir = realPath.getParent();
-            if (binDir == null || !FileUtils.getName(binDir).equals("bin"))
-                return null;
-
-            if (Files.isRegularFile(realPath.resolveSibling("ikvm.properties")))
-                return null;
-
-            Path javaHome = binDir.getParent();
-            if (javaHome == null)
-                return null;
-
-            Path libDir = javaHome.resolve("lib");
-            if (!Files.isDirectory(libDir))
-                return null;
-
-            BasicFileAttributes launcherAttributes;
-            String releaseHash = null;
-            BasicFileAttributes coreLibsAttributes = null;
-
-            try {
-                launcherAttributes = Files.readAttributes(realPath, BasicFileAttributes.class);
-
-                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
-                if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
-                    releaseHash = DigestUtils.digestToString("SHA-1", releaseFile);
-                } else {
-                    Path coreLibsFile = libDir.resolve("rt.jar");
-                    if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile)) {
-                        coreLibsFile = javaHome.resolve("jre/lib/rt.jar");
-                        if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile))
-                            return null;
-
-                        coreLibsAttributes = Files.readAttributes(coreLibsFile, BasicFileAttributes.class);
-                    }
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to create cache key for " + realPath, e);
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
-
-            joiner.add("sz:" + launcherAttributes.size());
-            joiner.add("lm:" + launcherAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
-
-            if (releaseHash != null)
-                joiner.add(releaseHash);
-
-            if (coreLibsAttributes != null) {
-                joiner.add("rsz:" + coreLibsAttributes.size());
-                joiner.add("rlm:" + coreLibsAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
-            }
-
-            return joiner.toString();
-        }
-
-        void addResult(Path realPath, JavaRuntime javaRuntime) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(realPath, javaRuntime);
-        }
-
-        void tryAddJavaHome(Path javaHome) {
-            tryAddJavaExecutable(getExecutable(javaHome));
-        }
-
-        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable) {
-            tryAddJavaExecutable(executable, false);
-        }
-
-        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable, boolean isManaged) {
-            try {
-                executable = executable.toRealPath();
+                info = JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
            } catch (IOException e) {
-                return;
+                LOG.warning("Failed to read release file " + releaseFile, e);
            }
+        }

-            if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable)
-                    || failed.contains(executable)
-                    || SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            String cacheKey = createCacheKey(executable);
-            if (cacheKey != null) {
-                JavaInfoCache cache = caches.get(executable);
-                if (cache != null) {
-                    if (isCompatible(cache.info().getPlatform()) && cacheKey.equals(cache.key())) {
-                        javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, cache.info(), isManaged));
-                        return;
-                    } else {
-                        caches.remove(executable);
-                        needRefreshCache = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (caches.remove(executable) != null) {
-                needRefreshCache = true;
-            }
-
-            JavaInfo info;
+        if (info == null) {
            try {
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
-                failed.add(executable);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (cacheKey != null) {
-                caches.put(executable, new JavaInfoCache(cacheKey, info));
-                needRefreshCache = true;
-            }
-
-            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, isManaged));
-        }
-
-        void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
-            Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
-            if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
-                return;
-
-            Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
-
-            if (verify) {
-                try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
-                    String line;
-                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-                        if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
-
-                        int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
-                        if (idx <= 0)
-                            throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
-
-                        Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
-
-                        // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
-                        if (Files.notExists(file))
-                            throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
-                    }
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-                Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
-                if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(macPath);
-                    return;
-                } else
-                    LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
-            }
-
-            tryAddJavaHome(dir);
-        }
-
-        void searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform platform) {
-            for (Path java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
-            }
-
-            for (Path java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
-            }
-
-            if (platform.os() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-                // In the past, we used 'osx' as the checked name for macOS
-                Path platformRoot = REPOSITORY.getPlatformRoot(platform).resolveSibling("osx-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(platformRoot);
            }
        }

-        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, boolean verify) {
-            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
-                return;
-            // Examples:
-            // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
-            // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta
+        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform()))
+            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
+    }

-            String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
-            if (javaPlatform != null) {
-                searchAllOfficialJava(directory, javaPlatform, verify);
-            }
-
-            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
-                } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                    if (Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
-                        searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
-                    }
-                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
-                }
-            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
-                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
-                }
-            }
+    private static void tryAddJavaExecutable(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path executable) {
+        try {
+            executable = executable.toRealPath();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return;
        }

-        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
-            try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-                // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
-                for (Path component : dir) {
-                    tryAddJavaInComponentDir(platform, component, verify);
+        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        JavaInfo info = null;
+        try {
+            info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
+        }
+
+        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform())) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
+        Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
+        if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
+            return;
+
+        Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
+
+        if (verify) {
+            try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
+                String line;
+                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                    if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
+
+                    int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
+                    if (idx <= 0)
+                        throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
+
+                    Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
+
+                    // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
+                    if (Files.notExists(file))
+                        throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
+                LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
+                return;
            }
        }

-        void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path directory) {
-            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+            Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
+            if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
+                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, macPath);
                return;
-            }
+            } else
+                LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
+        }

-            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-                for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir);
+        tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, dir);
+    }
+
+    private static void searchAllJavaInRepository(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Platform platform) {
+        for (JavaRuntime java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
+        }
+
+        for (JavaRuntime java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, boolean verify) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
+            return;
+        // Examples:
+        // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
+        // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta
+
+        String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+        if (javaPlatform != null) {
+            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, javaPlatform, verify);
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+            if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
+                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+            } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+                if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277) {
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
                }
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
+                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
            }
+        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS && Architecture.CURRENT_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
+        try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+            // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
+            for (Path component : dir) {
+                tryAddJavaInComponentDir(javaRuntimes, platform, component, verify);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
+            return;
        }

-        void searchJavaInProgramFiles(String env, String defaultValue) {
-            String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
-            Path path;
-            try {
-                path = Path.of(programFiles);
-            } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
-                return;
+        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+            for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir);
            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
+        }
+    }

-            for (String vendor : KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES) {
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(path.resolve(vendor));
-            }
+    private static void searchJavaInProgramFiles(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String env, String defaultValue) {
+        String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
+        Path path;
+        try {
+            path = Paths.get(programFiles);
+        } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
+            return;
        }

-        void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path directory) {
-            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
-                return;
-            }
+        for (String vendor : new String[]{"Java", "BellSoft", "AdoptOpenJDK", "Zulu", "Microsoft", "Eclipse Foundation", "Semeru"}) {
+            searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, path.resolve(vendor));
+        }
+    }

-            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-                for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
-                }
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
-            }
+    private static void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
+            return;
        }

-        // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
-        void queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
-            WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
-            if (reg == null)
-                return;
+        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+            for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
+        }
+    }

-            for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
-                if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
-                    continue;
-                if (reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome") instanceof String home) {
-                    try {
-                        tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(home));
-                    } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
-                    }
+    // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
+    private static void queryJavaInRegistryKey(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
+        WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
+        if (reg == null)
+            return;
+
+        for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
+            if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
+                continue;
+            Object home = reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome");
+            if (home instanceof String) {
+                try {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get((String) home));
+                } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
                }
            }
        }
-
    }
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,33 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.mapTypeOf;
 * @author Glavo
 */
@JsonAdapter(JavaManifest.Serializer.class)
-public record JavaManifest(JavaInfo info, @Nullable Map<String, Object> update, @Nullable Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files) {
+public final class JavaManifest {
+
+    private final JavaInfo info;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Map<String, Object> update;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files;
+
+    public JavaManifest(JavaInfo info, @Nullable Map<String, Object> update, @Nullable Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files) {
+        this.info = info;
+        this.update = update;
+        this.files = files;
+    }
+
+    public JavaInfo getInfo() {
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Object> getUpdate() {
+        return update;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> getFiles() {
+        return files;
+    }

    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<JavaManifest>, JsonDeserializer<JavaManifest> {

@@ -43,16 +69,16 @@ public record JavaManifest(JavaInfo info, @Nullable Map<String, Object> update,
        @Override
        public JsonElement serialize(JavaManifest src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
            JsonObject res = new JsonObject();
-            res.addProperty("os.name", src.info().getPlatform().getOperatingSystem().getCheckedName());
-            res.addProperty("os.arch", src.info().getPlatform().getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
-            res.addProperty("java.version", src.info().getVersion());
-            res.addProperty("java.vendor", src.info().getVendor());
+            res.addProperty("os.name", src.getInfo().getPlatform().getOperatingSystem().getCheckedName());
+            res.addProperty("os.arch", src.getInfo().getPlatform().getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
+            res.addProperty("java.version", src.getInfo().getVersion());
+            res.addProperty("java.vendor", src.getInfo().getVendor());

-            if (src.update() != null)
-                res.add("update", context.serialize(src.update()));
+            if (src.getUpdate() != null)
+                res.add("update", context.serialize(src.getUpdate()));

-            if (src.files() != null)
-                res.add("files", context.serialize(src.files(), LOCAL_FILES_TYPE));
+            if (src.getFiles() != null)
+                res.add("files", context.serialize(src.getFiles(), LOCAL_FILES_TYPE));

            return res;
        }
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores account metadata records in a detached JSON file.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved under the `config` directory and stores account metadata in the `accounts` list.
-/// Private account data is persisted separately in [AccountPrivateData].
-@JsonAdapter(AccountMetadataStore.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-final class AccountMetadataStore extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this account metadata store.
-    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("accounts", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty account metadata store.
-    AccountMetadataStore() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        tracker.markDirty(accounts);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an account metadata store from already serialized account records.
-    ///
-    /// @param records the serialized account records
-    /// @return an account metadata store containing the given records
-    static AccountMetadataStore fromRecords(List<JsonObject> records) {
-        AccountMetadataStore result = new AccountMetadataStore();
-        result.getAccounts().setAll(records);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a copy of this account metadata store with replacement account records.
-    ///
-    /// @param records the replacement account records
-    /// @return a copy preserving this store's schema and unknown top-level members
-    AccountMetadataStore copyWithRecords(List<JsonObject> records) {
-        AccountMetadataStore result = new AccountMetadataStore();
-        result.setSchema(getSchema());
-        result.getAccounts().setAll(records);
-        result.unknownFields.putAll(unknownFields);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this account metadata store file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this account metadata store file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this account metadata store file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Serialized account records.
-    @SerializedName("accounts")
-    private final ObservableList<JsonObject> accounts = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-
-    /// Returns serialized account records.
-    public ObservableList<JsonObject> getAccounts() {
-        return accounts;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [AccountMetadataStore].
-    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AccountMetadataStore> {
-        /// Creates an empty account metadata store for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected AccountMetadataStore createInstance() {
-            return new AccountMetadataStore();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
-import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext;
-import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AccountID;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores private account data in a protected payload.
-@JsonAdapter(AccountPrivateData.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-final class AccountPrivateData extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this account private data store.
-    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("account-private-data", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// JVM system property selecting the account private data protection mode.
-    static final String PROTECTION_PROPERTY = "hmcl.account.privateData.protection";
-
-    /// Creates an empty account private data store.
-    AccountPrivateData() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        tracker.markDirty(privateData);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this account private data store file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Private account data keyed by account ID.
-    private final ObservableMap<AccountID, JsonObject> privateData =
-            FXCollections.observableMap(new LinkedHashMap<>());
-
-    /// Whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this account private data store file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this account private data store file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns private account data keyed by account ID.
-    ObservableMap<AccountID, JsonObject> getPrivateData() {
-        return privateData;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the protection mode selected for writing account private data.
-    private static ProtectedPayload.ProtectionMode protectionMode() {
-        return ProtectedPayload.ProtectionMode.fromConfiguredId(System.getProperty(PROTECTION_PROPERTY));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Finds the first private data entry matching an account ID.
-    ///
-    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
-    /// @param privateDataStores private data stores searched in order
-    /// @return the first matching private data object, or `null` if no store contains one
-    static @Nullable JsonObject findPrivateData(
-            AccountID accountID,
-            List<AccountPrivateData> privateDataStores) {
-        for (AccountPrivateData privateDataStore : privateDataStores) {
-            @Nullable JsonObject accountPrivateData = privateDataStore.privateData.get(accountID);
-            if (accountPrivateData != null) {
-                return accountPrivateData;
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this store contains private data for the account ID.
-    ///
-    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
-    /// @return whether this store contains private data for the account ID
-    boolean containsPrivateData(AccountID accountID) {
-        return privateData.containsKey(accountID);
-    }
-
-    /// Removes private data for the account ID.
-    ///
-    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
-    /// @return whether private data was removed
-    boolean removePrivateData(AccountID accountID) {
-        return privateData.remove(accountID) != null;
-    }
-
-    /// Stores private data for the account ID, or removes existing private data when the object is empty.
-    ///
-    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
-    /// @param accountPrivateData the private account data
-    void putPrivateData(AccountID accountID, JsonObject accountPrivateData) {
-        if (accountPrivateData.isEmpty()) {
-            privateData.remove(accountID);
-        } else {
-            privateData.put(accountID, accountPrivateData);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Replaces this private data store with another store.
-    ///
-    /// @param other the private data store to copy from
-    void replaceWith(AccountPrivateData other) {
-        privateData.clear();
-        for (Map.Entry<AccountID, JsonObject> entry : other.privateData.entrySet()) {
-            putPrivateData(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [AccountPrivateData].
-    static final class Adapter implements JsonSerializer<AccountPrivateData>,
-            com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<AccountPrivateData> {
-        /// Creates the JSON payload protected inside an account private data file.
-        ///
-        /// @param accountPrivateData the private data store to serialize
-        /// @param context the JSON serialization context
-        /// @return the plain payload before protection
-        private static JsonArray createPayload(
-                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
-                JsonSerializationContext context) {
-            JsonArray payload = new JsonArray();
-            for (Map.Entry<AccountID, JsonObject> entry : accountPrivateData.privateData.entrySet()) {
-                JsonObject item = new JsonObject();
-                item.add("accountID", context.serialize(entry.getKey(), AccountID.class));
-                item.add("privateData", entry.getValue());
-                payload.add(item);
-            }
-            return payload;
-        }
-
-        /// Reads an account ID from a private data entry.
-        private static @Nullable AccountID readAccountID(
-                @Nullable JsonElement accountIDElement,
-                JsonDeserializationContext context) {
-            if (accountIDElement == null || accountIDElement.isJsonNull()) {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            try {
-                return context.deserialize(accountIDElement, AccountID.class);
-            } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// Reads the protected payload into the given private data store.
-        ///
-        /// @param accountPrivateData the private data store to update
-        /// @param payload the revealed payload
-        /// @param context the JSON deserialization context
-        private static void readPayload(
-                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
-                JsonArray payload,
-                JsonDeserializationContext context) {
-            for (JsonElement itemElement : payload) {
-                if (!(itemElement instanceof JsonObject item)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                @Nullable AccountID accountID = readAccountID(item.get("accountID"), context);
-                if (accountID == null) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                JsonElement privateDataElement = item.get("privateData");
-                if (privateDataElement == null || !privateDataElement.isJsonObject()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                accountPrivateData.putPrivateData(accountID, privateDataElement.getAsJsonObject());
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// Serializes the private data store as a protected payload envelope.
-        @Override
-        public JsonElement serialize(
-                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
-                Type typeOfSrc,
-                JsonSerializationContext context) {
-            JsonObject result = new JsonObject();
-            result.addProperty(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA, accountPrivateData.getSchema().url());
-            protectionMode().writePayload(result, createPayload(accountPrivateData, context));
-            accountPrivateData.unknownFields.forEach(result::add);
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        /// Deserializes the private data store from a protected payload envelope.
-        @Override
-        public @Nullable AccountPrivateData deserialize(
-                @Nullable JsonElement json,
-                Type typeOfT,
-                JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
-            if (json == null || json.isJsonNull()) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject object)) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Account private data is not an object");
-            }
-
-            AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData = new AccountPrivateData();
-            Map<String, JsonElement> values = new LinkedHashMap<>(object.asMap());
-            JsonElement schema = values.remove(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA);
-            if (schema != null && schema.isJsonPrimitive() && schema.getAsJsonPrimitive().isString()) {
-                accountPrivateData.setSchema(new JsonSchema(schema.getAsString()));
-            }
-            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_PROTECTION);
-            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_NONCE);
-            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_PAYLOAD);
-            accountPrivateData.unknownFields.putAll(values);
-
-            readPayload(accountPrivateData, ProtectedPayload.read(object, JsonArray.class), context);
-            return accountPrivateData;
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import javafx.beans.Observable;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -35,27 +35,28 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.OfflineAccountFactory;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.RemoteAuthenticationException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.OAuthServer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.skin.InvalidSkinException;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;

 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 import static javafx.collections.FXCollections.observableArrayList;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAccountMetadataRecords;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAuthlibInjectorServers;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getUserAccountMetadataRecords;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.userSettings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.globalConfig;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.immutableListOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.listTypeOf;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.mapTypeOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

@@ -119,6 +120,9 @@ public final class Accounts {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to determine account type: " + account);
    }

+    private static final String GLOBAL_PREFIX = "$GLOBAL:";
+    private static final ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> globalAccountStorages = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
    private static final ObservableList<Account> accounts = observableArrayList(account -> new Observable[]{account});
    private static final ObjectProperty<Account> selectedAccount = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Accounts.class, "selectedAccount");

@@ -127,219 +131,120 @@ public final class Accounts {
     */
    private static boolean initialized = false;

-    private static SerializedAccount serializeAccount(Account account) {
-        JsonObject metadata = new JsonObject();
-        metadata.addProperty("type", getLoginType(getAccountFactory(account)));
-        account.writeMetadata(metadata);
-        JsonObject privateData = new JsonObject();
-        account.writePrivateData(privateData);
-        return new SerializedAccount(metadata, privateData);
+    private static Map<Object, Object> getAccountStorage(Account account) {
+        Map<Object, Object> storage = account.toStorage();
+        storage.put("type", getLoginType(getAccountFactory(account)));
+        return storage;
    }

-    /// Ensures account IDs are unique across local and shared account metadata records before accounts are instantiated.
-    private static AccountIDNormalization ensureUniqueAccountIDs() {
-        Set<String> usedAccountIDs = new HashSet<>();
-        boolean localChanged = LegacyConfigMigrator.assignAccountIDs(
-                SettingsManager.gameAccounts(),
-                usedAccountIDs,
-                false);
-        boolean sharedChanged = LegacyConfigMigrator.assignAccountIDs(
-                SettingsManager.userGameAccounts(),
-                usedAccountIDs,
-                true);
-        return new AccountIDNormalization(localChanged, sharedChanged);
-    }
-
-    /// Result of normalizing account IDs across loaded metadata stores.
-    ///
-    /// @param localChanged whether the per-workspace account metadata changed
-    /// @param sharedChanged whether the shared account metadata changed
-    private record AccountIDNormalization(boolean localChanged, boolean sharedChanged) {
-    }
-
-    /// Returns account IDs from metadata records.
-    ///
-    /// @param first the first metadata record list
-    /// @param second the second metadata record list
-    /// @return account IDs found in the metadata records
-    private static List<AccountID> getAccountIDs(List<JsonObject> first, List<JsonObject> second) {
-        ArrayList<AccountID> accountIDs = new ArrayList<>(first.size() + second.size());
-        addAccountIDs(accountIDs, first);
-        addAccountIDs(accountIDs, second);
-        return accountIDs;
-    }
-
-    /// Adds account IDs from metadata records to a target list.
-    ///
-    /// @param accountIDs the target account ID list
-    /// @param metadataRecords the metadata records to read
-    private static void addAccountIDs(List<AccountID> accountIDs, List<JsonObject> metadataRecords) {
-        for (JsonObject metadata : metadataRecords) {
-            @Nullable AccountID accountID = Account.getAccountID(metadata);
-            if (accountID != null && !accountIDs.contains(accountID)) {
-                accountIDs.add(accountID);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void updateAccountMetadataRecords() {
-        // don't update the underlying account records before data loading is completed
+    private static void updateAccountStorages() {
+        // don't update the underlying storage before data loading is completed
        // otherwise it might cause data loss
        if (!initialized)
            return;
-        ArrayList<JsonObject> globalMetadata = new ArrayList<>();
-        LinkedHashMap<AccountID, JsonObject> globalPrivateData = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-        ArrayList<JsonObject> portableMetadata = new ArrayList<>();
-        LinkedHashMap<AccountID, JsonObject> portablePrivateData = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        // update storage
+
+        ArrayList<Map<Object, Object>> global = new ArrayList<>();
+        ArrayList<Map<Object, Object>> portable = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Account account : accounts) {
-            SerializedAccount serialized = serializeAccount(account);
-            if (account.isPortable()) {
-                portableMetadata.add(serialized.metadata());
-                if (!serialized.privateData().isEmpty()) {
-                    portablePrivateData.put(account.getAccountID(), serialized.privateData());
-                }
-            } else {
-                globalMetadata.add(serialized.metadata());
-                if (!serialized.privateData().isEmpty()) {
-                    globalPrivateData.put(account.getAccountID(), serialized.privateData());
-                }
+            Map<Object, Object> storage = getAccountStorage(account);
+            if (account.isPortable())
+                portable.add(storage);
+            else
+                global.add(storage);
+        }
+
+        if (!global.equals(globalAccountStorages))
+            globalAccountStorages.setAll(global);
+        if (!portable.equals(config().getAccountStorages()))
+            config().getAccountStorages().setAll(portable);
+    }
+
+    private static void loadGlobalAccountStorages() {
+        Path globalAccountsFile = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("accounts.json");
+        if (Files.exists(globalAccountsFile)) {
+            try (Reader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(globalAccountsFile)) {
+                globalAccountStorages.setAll(Config.CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(reader, listTypeOf(mapTypeOf(Object.class, Object.class))));
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load global accounts", e);
            }
        }

-        List<AccountID> retainedAccountIDs = getAccountIDs(globalMetadata, portableMetadata);
-        if (!SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly())
-            SettingsManager.updateUserGameAccounts(globalMetadata, globalPrivateData, retainedAccountIDs);
-        if (!SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly())
-            SettingsManager.updateGameAccounts(portableMetadata, portablePrivateData, retainedAccountIDs);
+        globalAccountStorages.addListener(onInvalidating(() ->
+                FileSaver.save(globalAccountsFile, Config.CONFIG_GSON.toJson(globalAccountStorages))));
    }

-    /// Returns whether the account metadata and credential files selected by the portability flag are read-only.
-    ///
-    /// @param portable whether the account is stored in the local account file
-    public static boolean isAccountFilesReadOnly(boolean portable) {
-        return portable ? SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly() : SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the files containing the given account are read-only.
-    public static boolean isAccountFilesReadOnly(Account account) {
-        return isAccountFilesReadOnly(account.isPortable());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the given account may be removed from its current account files.
-    public static boolean canRemoveAccount(Account account) {
-        return !isAccountFilesReadOnly(account);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the given account may be moved between local and user account files.
-    public static boolean canMoveAccount(Account account) {
-        return !SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly() && !SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly();
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites the account metadata and credential files selected by the portability flag.
-    ///
-    /// @param portable whether the target account files are local
-    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
-    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles(boolean portable) throws IOException {
-        if (portable) {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteGameAccounts();
-        } else {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameAccounts();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites the account files containing the given account.
-    ///
-    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
-    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles(Account account) throws IOException {
-        forceOverwriteAccountFiles(account.isPortable());
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites both local and user account metadata and credential files.
-    ///
-    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
-    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles() throws IOException {
-        if (SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly()) {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteGameAccounts();
-        }
-        if (SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly()) {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameAccounts();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static Account parseAccount(JsonObject record, boolean portable) {
-        AccountFactory<?> factory = type2factory.get(JsonUtils.getString(record, "type"));
+    private static Account parseAccount(Map<Object, Object> storage) {
+        AccountFactory<?> factory = type2factory.get(storage.get("type"));
        if (factory == null) {
-            LOG.warning("Unrecognized account type: " + describeAccountRecord(record));
+            LOG.warning("Unrecognized account type: " + storage);
            return null;
        }

        try {
-            AccountID accountID = Account.readAccountID(record);
-            return factory.fromStorage(record, SettingsManager.getAccountPrivateData(accountID, portable));
+            return factory.fromStorage(storage);
        } catch (Exception e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to load account: " + describeAccountRecord(record), e);
+            LOG.warning("Failed to load account: " + storage, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

-    /// Serialized account metadata and private data.
-    ///
-    /// @param metadata public metadata stored in `accounts.json`
-    /// @param privateData private account data stored in account private data
-    private record SerializedAccount(JsonObject metadata, JsonObject privateData) {
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a safe account record description for diagnostics.
-    private static String describeAccountRecord(JsonObject record) {
-        AccountID accountID = Account.getAccountID(record);
-        if (accountID != null) {
-            return accountID.toString();
-        }
-
-        String type = JsonUtils.getString(record, "type");
-        return type != null ? "{type=" + type + "}" : "<unknown>";
-    }
-
-    /// Called when it's ready to load accounts from [SettingsManager#settings()].
-    public static void init() {
+    /**
+     * Called when it's ready to load accounts from {@link ConfigHolder#config()}.
+     */
+    static void init() {
        if (initialized)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized");

-        AccountIDNormalization accountIDNormalization = ensureUniqueAccountIDs();
-        if (accountIDNormalization.localChanged()) {
-            SettingsManager.saveGameAccountMetadataRecords();
-        }
-        if (accountIDNormalization.sharedChanged()) {
-            SettingsManager.saveUserGameAccountMetadataRecords();
+        if (!config().isAddedLittleSkin()) {
+            AuthlibInjectorServer littleSkin = new AuthlibInjectorServer("https://littleskin.cn/api/yggdrasil/");
+
+            if (config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream().noneMatch(it -> littleSkin.getUrl().equals(it.getUrl()))) {
+                config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(0, littleSkin);
+            }
+
+            config().setAddedLittleSkin(true);
        }

+        loadGlobalAccountStorages();
+
        // load accounts
        Account selected = null;
-        for (JsonObject record : getAccountMetadataRecords()) {
-            Account account = parseAccount(record, true);
+        for (Map<Object, Object> storage : config().getAccountStorages()) {
+            Account account = parseAccount(storage);
            if (account != null) {
                account.setPortable(true);
                accounts.add(account);
-                if (JsonUtils.getBoolean(record, "selected", false)) {
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(storage.get("selected"))) {
                    selected = account;
                }
            }
        }

-        for (JsonObject record : getUserAccountMetadataRecords()) {
-            Account account = parseAccount(record, false);
+        for (Map<Object, Object> storage : globalAccountStorages) {
+            Account account = parseAccount(storage);
            if (account != null) {
                accounts.add(account);
            }
        }

-        AccountID selectedAccountID = settings().selectedAccountProperty().get();
-        if (selected == null && selectedAccountID != null) {
+        String selectedAccountIdentifier = config().getSelectedAccount();
+        if (selected == null && selectedAccountIdentifier != null) {
+            boolean portable = true;
+            if (selectedAccountIdentifier.startsWith(GLOBAL_PREFIX)) {
+                portable = false;
+                selectedAccountIdentifier = selectedAccountIdentifier.substring(GLOBAL_PREFIX.length());
+            }
+
            for (Account account : accounts) {
-                if (account.getAccountID().equals(selectedAccountID)) {
-                    selected = account;
-                    break;
+                if (selectedAccountIdentifier.equals(account.getIdentifier())) {
+                    if (portable == account.isPortable()) {
+                        selected = account;
+                        break;
+                    } else if (selected == null) {
+                        selected = account;
+                    }
                }
            }
        }
@@ -348,18 +253,15 @@ public final class Accounts {
            selected = accounts.get(0);
        }

-        if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()
-                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().enableOfflineAccountProperty().get())
+        if (!globalConfig().isEnableOfflineAccount())
            for (Account account : accounts) {
                if (account instanceof MicrosoftAccount) {
-                    UserSettings userSettings = userSettings();
-                    userSettings.enableOfflineAccountProperty().set(true);
+                    globalConfig().setEnableOfflineAccount(true);
                    break;
                }
            }

-        if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()
-                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().enableOfflineAccountProperty().get())
+        if (!globalConfig().isEnableOfflineAccount())
            accounts.addListener(new ListChangeListener<Account>() {
                @Override
                public void onChanged(Change<? extends Account> change) {
@@ -367,8 +269,7 @@ public final class Accounts {
                        for (Account account : change.getAddedSubList()) {
                            if (account instanceof MicrosoftAccount) {
                                accounts.removeListener(this);
-                                UserSettings userSettings = userSettings();
-                                userSettings.enableOfflineAccountProperty().set(true);
+                                globalConfig().setEnableOfflineAccount(true);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
@@ -380,7 +281,7 @@ public final class Accounts {

        InvalidationListener listener = o -> {
            // this method first checks whether the current selection is valid
-            // if it's valid, the underlying account records will be updated
+            // if it's valid, the underlying storage will be updated
            // otherwise, the first account will be selected as an alternative(or null if accounts is empty)
            Account account = selectedAccount.get();
            if (accounts.isEmpty()) {
@@ -403,16 +304,16 @@ public final class Accounts {
        selectedAccount.addListener(onInvalidating(() -> {
            Account account = selectedAccount.get();
            if (account != null)
-                settings().selectedAccountProperty().set(account.getAccountID());
+                config().setSelectedAccount(account.isPortable() ? account.getIdentifier() : GLOBAL_PREFIX + account.getIdentifier());
            else
-                settings().selectedAccountProperty().set(null);
+                config().setSelectedAccount(null);
        }));
        accounts.addListener(listener);
-        accounts.addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::updateAccountMetadataRecords));
+        accounts.addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::updateAccountStorages));

        initialized = true;

-        getAuthlibInjectorServers().addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::removeDanglingAuthlibInjectorAccounts));
+        config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::removeDanglingAuthlibInjectorAccounts));

        if (selected != null) {
            Account finalSelected = selected;
@@ -425,7 +326,7 @@ public final class Accounts {
            });
        }

-        for (AuthlibInjectorServer server : getAuthlibInjectorServers()) {
+        for (AuthlibInjectorServer server : config().getAuthlibInjectorServers()) {
            if (selected instanceof AuthlibInjectorAccount && ((AuthlibInjectorAccount) selected).getServer() == server)
                continue;
            Schedulers.io().execute(() -> {
@@ -472,12 +373,12 @@ public final class Accounts {
    }

    private static AuthlibInjectorServer getOrCreateAuthlibInjectorServer(String url) {
-        return getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream()
+        return config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream()
                .filter(server -> url.equals(server.getUrl()))
                .findFirst()
                .orElseGet(() -> {
                    AuthlibInjectorServer server = new AuthlibInjectorServer(url);
-                    getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
+                    config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
                    return server;
                });
    }
@@ -490,8 +391,7 @@ public final class Accounts {
        accounts.stream()
                .filter(AuthlibInjectorAccount.class::isInstance)
                .map(AuthlibInjectorAccount.class::cast)
-                .filter(it -> !getAuthlibInjectorServers().contains(it.getServer()))
-                .filter(Accounts::canRemoveAccount)
+                .filter(it -> !config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().contains(it.getServer()))
                .collect(toList())
                .forEach(accounts::remove);
    }
@@ -568,9 +468,7 @@ public final class Accounts {
            }
        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.XBox400Exception) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.wrong_verify_method");
-        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.MinecraftJavaEditionLicenseNotFoundException) {
-            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.no_license");
-        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.MinecraftJavaEditionProfileNotFoundException) {
+        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.NoMinecraftJavaEditionProfileException) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.no_character");
        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.NoXuiException) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.add_family");
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores per-workspace authlib-injector authentication servers.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved as `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`
-/// under the current HMCL directory.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@JsonAdapter(AuthlibInjectorServerList.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class AuthlibInjectorServerList extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The LittleSkin Yggdrasil API endpoint bundled into newly created server lists.
-    public static final String LITTLE_SKIN_URL = "https://littleskin.cn/api/yggdrasil/";
-
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this authlib-injector server list.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("authlib-injector-servers", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty authlib-injector server list.
-    public AuthlibInjectorServerList() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Creates the default authlib-injector server list for a newly created file.
-    public static AuthlibInjectorServerList createDefault() {
-        AuthlibInjectorServerList result = new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
-        result.addLittleSkinIfAbsent();
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// Adds the bundled LittleSkin server when it is not already present.
-    public void addLittleSkinIfAbsent() {
-        if (getServers().stream().noneMatch(server -> LITTLE_SKIN_URL.equals(server.getUrl()))) {
-            getServers().add(new AuthlibInjectorServer(LITTLE_SKIN_URL));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Authlib-injector authentication servers available for account login.
-    @SerializedName("servers")
-    private final ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> servers =
-            FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-
-    /// Returns authlib-injector authentication servers available for account login.
-    public ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> getServers() {
-        return servers;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [AuthlibInjectorServerList].
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AuthlibInjectorServerList> {
-        /// Creates an empty authlib-injector server list for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected AuthlibInjectorServerList createInstance() {
-            return new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Stores derived authlib-injector server metadata separately from the user-managed server list.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved as `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`
-/// under the current HMCL directory.
-@JsonAdapter(AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-final class AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this metadata cache.
-    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("authlib-injector-server-metadata", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty metadata cache.
-    AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this metadata cache file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this metadata cache file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this metadata cache file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Authlib-injector metadata entries.
-    @SerializedName("servers")
-    private final ObservableList<Entry> servers = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-
-    /// Returns authlib-injector metadata entries.
-    ObservableList<Entry> getServers() {
-        return servers;
-    }
-
-    /// Initializes metadata for a server that is being connected to this cache.
-    ///
-    /// @param server the server to initialize
-    /// @param storeExistingMetadata whether metadata already present on the server should replace cached metadata
-    void initialize(AuthlibInjectorServer server, boolean storeExistingMetadata) {
-        if (storeExistingMetadata && server.getMetadataResponse().isPresent()) {
-            store(server);
-        } else {
-            restore(server);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Restores cached metadata into the given server when a valid cache entry exists.
-    void restore(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
-        int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
-        if (index < 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        Entry entry = servers.get(index);
-        String metadataResponse = entry.getMetadataResponse();
-        if (metadataResponse.isEmpty()) {
-            servers.remove(index);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            server.restoreMetadataCache(metadataResponse, entry.getMetadataTimestamp());
-        } catch (JsonParseException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignoring malformed authlib-injector server metadata cache: " + server.getUrl(), e);
-            servers.remove(index);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the current metadata response from the given server when it has one.
-    void store(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
-        server.getMetadataResponse().ifPresent(metadataResponse -> {
-            Entry entry = new Entry(server.getUrl(), metadataResponse, server.getMetadataTimestamp());
-            int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
-            if (index >= 0) {
-                servers.set(index, entry);
-            } else {
-                servers.add(entry);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Removes cached metadata for the given server.
-    void remove(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
-        int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
-        if (index >= 0) {
-            servers.remove(index);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the index of the cache entry for the given normalized server URL.
-    private int indexOf(String url) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < servers.size(); i++) {
-            if (url.equals(servers.get(i).getUrl())) {
-                return i;
-            }
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /// Metadata cached for one authlib-injector server.
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    @JsonSerializable
-    static final class Entry {
-        /// Normalized authlib-injector server URL.
-        @SerializedName("url")
-        private @Nullable String url = "";
-
-        /// Raw metadata response returned by the authlib-injector endpoint.
-        @SerializedName("metadataResponse")
-        private @Nullable String metadataResponse = "";
-
-        /// Wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched.
-        @SerializedName("metadataTimestamp")
-        private long metadataTimestamp;
-
-        /// Creates an empty metadata entry for deserialization.
-        private Entry() {
-        }
-
-        /// Creates a metadata entry.
-        ///
-        /// @param url normalized authlib-injector server URL
-        /// @param metadataResponse raw metadata response returned by the authlib-injector endpoint
-        /// @param metadataTimestamp wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched
-        Entry(String url, String metadataResponse, long metadataTimestamp) {
-            this.url = Objects.requireNonNull(url);
-            this.metadataResponse = Objects.requireNonNull(metadataResponse);
-            this.metadataTimestamp = metadataTimestamp;
-        }
-
-        /// Returns the normalized authlib-injector server URL.
-        String getUrl() {
-            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(url, "");
-        }
-
-        /// Returns the raw metadata response, or an empty string when the cache entry is incomplete.
-        String getMetadataResponse() {
-            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(metadataResponse, "");
-        }
-
-        /// Returns the wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched.
-        long getMetadataTimestamp() {
-            return metadataTimestamp;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache].
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache> {
-        /// Creates an empty metadata cache for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache createInstance() {
-            return new AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAuthlibInjectorServers;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

@JsonSerializable
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ public final class AuthlibInjectorServers implements Validation {
            configLocation = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME);
        }

-        if (SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated() && Files.exists(configLocation)) {
+        if (ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated() && Files.exists(configLocation)) {
            AuthlibInjectorServers configInstance;
            try {
                configInstance = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(configLocation, AuthlibInjectorServers.class);
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ public final class AuthlibInjectorServers implements Validation {
            }

            if (!configInstance.urls.isEmpty()) {
-                settings().preferredLoginTypeProperty().set(Accounts.getLoginType(Accounts.FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR));
+                config().setPreferredLoginType(Accounts.getLoginType(Accounts.FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR));
                for (String url : configInstance.urls) {
                    Task.supplyAsync(Schedulers.io(), () -> AuthlibInjectorServer.locateServer(url))
                            .thenAcceptAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), server -> {
-                                getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
+                                config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
                                servers.add(server);
                            })
                            .start();
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Selects the source used to render the launcher background.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum BackgroundType {
-    /// Uses the selected theme background when available, otherwise a built-in fallback wallpaper.
-    DEFAULT,
-
-    /// Uses one built-in wallpaper selected by launcher settings.
-    BUILTIN,
-
-    /// Uses a user-selected local image file or a random image from a selected directory.
-    CUSTOM,
-
-    /// Uses an image loaded from a user-provided URL.
-    NETWORK,
-
-    /// Uses the configured paint value as a flat background.
-    PAINT,
-
-    /// Uses the current theme color scheme surface container as a flat background.
-    THEME_COLOR;
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableListCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableMapCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableSetCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.factories.JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.SupportedLocale;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.*;
+
+@JsonAdapter(value = Config.Adapter.class)
+public final class Config extends ObservableSetting {
+
+    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 2;
+    public static final int CURRENT_UI_VERSION = 0;
+
+    public static final Gson CONFIG_GSON = new GsonBuilder()
+            .registerTypeAdapter(Path.class, PathTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableList.class, new ObservableListCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableSet.class, new ObservableSetCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableMap.class, new ObservableMapCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory(true, true))
+            .registerTypeAdapter(EnumBackgroundImage.class, new EnumOrdinalDeserializer<>(EnumBackgroundImage.class)) // backward compatibility for backgroundType
+            .registerTypeAdapter(Proxy.Type.class, new EnumOrdinalDeserializer<>(Proxy.Type.class)) // backward compatibility for hasProxy
+            .registerTypeAdapter(Paint.class, new PaintAdapter())
+            .setPrettyPrinting()
+            .setObjectToNumberStrategy(ToNumberPolicy.LONG_OR_DOUBLE)
+            .create();
+
+    @Nullable
+    public static Config fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
+        return CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(json, Config.class);
+    }
+
+    public Config() {
+        tracker.markDirty(configVersion);
+        tracker.markDirty(uiVersion);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    public String toJson() {
+        return CONFIG_GSON.toJson(this);
+    }
+
+    // Properties
+
+    @SerializedName("_version")
+    private final IntegerProperty configVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty(CURRENT_VERSION);
+
+    public IntegerProperty configVersionProperty() {
+        return configVersion;
+    }
+
+    public int getConfigVersion() {
+        return configVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setConfigVersion(int configVersion) {
+        this.configVersion.set(configVersion);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The version of UI that the user have last used.
+     * If there is a major change in UI, {@link Config#CURRENT_UI_VERSION} should be increased.
+     * When {@link #CURRENT_UI_VERSION} is higher than the property, the user guide should be shown,
+     * then this property is set to the same value as {@link #CURRENT_UI_VERSION}.
+     * In particular, the property is default to 0, so that whoever open the application for the first time will see the guide.
+     */
+    @SerializedName("uiVersion")
+    private final IntegerProperty uiVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty(CURRENT_UI_VERSION);
+
+    public IntegerProperty uiVersionProperty() {
+        return uiVersion;
+    }
+
+    public int getUiVersion() {
+        return uiVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setUiVersion(int uiVersion) {
+        this.uiVersion.set(uiVersion);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("x")
+    private final DoubleProperty x = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    public DoubleProperty xProperty() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public double getX() {
+        return x.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setX(double x) {
+        this.x.set(x);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("y")
+    private final DoubleProperty y = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    public DoubleProperty yProperty() {
+        return y;
+    }
+
+    public double getY() {
+        return y.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setY(double y) {
+        this.y.set(y);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("width")
+    private final DoubleProperty width = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    public DoubleProperty widthProperty() {
+        return width;
+    }
+
+    public double getWidth() {
+        return width.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setWidth(double width) {
+        this.width.set(width);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("height")
+    private final DoubleProperty height = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    public DoubleProperty heightProperty() {
+        return height;
+    }
+
+    public double getHeight() {
+        return height.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setHeight(double height) {
+        this.height.set(height);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("localization")
+    private final ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> localization = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(SupportedLocale.DEFAULT);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> localizationProperty() {
+        return localization;
+    }
+
+    public SupportedLocale getLocalization() {
+        return localization.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setLocalization(SupportedLocale localization) {
+        this.localization.set(localization);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("promptedVersion")
+    private final StringProperty promptedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public String getPromptedVersion() {
+        return promptedVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public StringProperty promptedVersionProperty() {
+        return promptedVersion;
+    }
+
+    public void setPromptedVersion(String promptedVersion) {
+        this.promptedVersion.set(promptedVersion);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("acceptPreviewUpdate")
+    private final BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdate = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdateProperty() {
+        return acceptPreviewUpdate;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAcceptPreviewUpdate() {
+        return acceptPreviewUpdate.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAcceptPreviewUpdate(boolean acceptPreviewUpdate) {
+        this.acceptPreviewUpdate.set(acceptPreviewUpdate);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("disableAutoShowUpdateDialog")
+    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialog = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty() {
+        return disableAutoShowUpdateDialog;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDisableAutoShowUpdateDialog() {
+        return disableAutoShowUpdateDialog.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setDisableAutoShowUpdateDialog(boolean disableAutoShowUpdateDialog) {
+        this.disableAutoShowUpdateDialog.set(disableAutoShowUpdateDialog);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("disableAprilFools")
+    private final BooleanProperty disableAprilFools = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty disableAprilFoolsProperty() {
+        return disableAprilFools;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDisableAprilFools() {
+        return disableAprilFools.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setDisableAprilFools(boolean disableAprilFools) {
+        this.disableAprilFools.set(disableAprilFools);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("shownTips")
+    private final ObservableMap<String, Object> shownTips = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
+
+    public ObservableMap<String, Object> getShownTips() {
+        return shownTips;
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("commonDirType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirTypeProperty() {
+        return commonDirType;
+    }
+
+    public EnumCommonDirectory getCommonDirType() {
+        return commonDirType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setCommonDirType(EnumCommonDirectory commonDirType) {
+        this.commonDirType.set(commonDirType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("commonpath")
+    private final StringProperty commonDirectory = new SimpleStringProperty(Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY.toString());
+
+    public StringProperty commonDirectoryProperty() {
+        return commonDirectory;
+    }
+
+    public String getCommonDirectory() {
+        return commonDirectory.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setCommonDirectory(String commonDirectory) {
+        this.commonDirectory.set(commonDirectory);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("logLines")
+    private final ObjectProperty<Integer> logLines = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Integer> logLinesProperty() {
+        return logLines;
+    }
+
+    public Integer getLogLines() {
+        return logLines.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setLogLines(Integer logLines) {
+        this.logLines.set(logLines);
+    }
+
+    // UI
+
+    @SerializedName("themeBrightness")
+    private final StringProperty themeBrightness = new SimpleStringProperty("light");
+
+    public StringProperty themeBrightnessProperty() {
+        return themeBrightness;
+    }
+
+    public String getThemeBrightness() {
+        return themeBrightness.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setThemeBrightness(String themeBrightness) {
+        this.themeBrightness.set(themeBrightness);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("theme")
+    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> themeColor = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ThemeColor.DEFAULT);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> themeColorProperty() {
+        return themeColor;
+    }
+
+    public ThemeColor getThemeColor() {
+        return themeColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setThemeColor(ThemeColor themeColor) {
+        this.themeColor.set(themeColor);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("fontFamily")
+    private final StringProperty fontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty fontFamilyProperty() {
+        return fontFamily;
+    }
+
+    public String getFontFamily() {
+        return fontFamily.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setFontFamily(String fontFamily) {
+        this.fontFamily.set(fontFamily);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("fontSize")
+    private final DoubleProperty fontSize = new SimpleDoubleProperty(12);
+
+    public DoubleProperty fontSizeProperty() {
+        return fontSize;
+    }
+
+    public double getFontSize() {
+        return fontSize.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setFontSize(double fontSize) {
+        this.fontSize.set(fontSize);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("launcherFontFamily")
+    private final StringProperty launcherFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty launcherFontFamilyProperty() {
+        return launcherFontFamily;
+    }
+
+    public String getLauncherFontFamily() {
+        return launcherFontFamily.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setLauncherFontFamily(String launcherFontFamily) {
+        this.launcherFontFamily.set(launcherFontFamily);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("animationDisabled")
+    private final BooleanProperty animationDisabled = new SimpleBooleanProperty(
+            FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE
+                    || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED
+                    || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED
+    );
+
+    public BooleanProperty animationDisabledProperty() {
+        return animationDisabled;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAnimationDisabled() {
+        return animationDisabled.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAnimationDisabled(boolean animationDisabled) {
+        this.animationDisabled.set(animationDisabled);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("titleTransparent")
+    private final BooleanProperty titleTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty titleTransparentProperty() {
+        return titleTransparent;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isTitleTransparent() {
+        return titleTransparent.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setTitleTransparent(boolean titleTransparent) {
+        this.titleTransparent.set(titleTransparent);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("backgroundType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<EnumBackgroundImage> backgroundImageType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumBackgroundImage.DEFAULT);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<EnumBackgroundImage> backgroundImageTypeProperty() {
+        return backgroundImageType;
+    }
+
+    public EnumBackgroundImage getBackgroundImageType() {
+        return backgroundImageType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setBackgroundImageType(EnumBackgroundImage backgroundImageType) {
+        this.backgroundImageType.set(backgroundImageType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("bgpath")
+    private final StringProperty backgroundImage = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty backgroundImageProperty() {
+        return backgroundImage;
+    }
+
+    public String getBackgroundImage() {
+        return backgroundImage.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setBackgroundImage(String backgroundImage) {
+        this.backgroundImage.set(backgroundImage);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("bgurl")
+    private final StringProperty backgroundImageUrl = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty backgroundImageUrlProperty() {
+        return backgroundImageUrl;
+    }
+
+    public String getBackgroundImageUrl() {
+        return backgroundImageUrl.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setBackgroundImageUrl(String backgroundImageUrl) {
+        this.backgroundImageUrl.set(backgroundImageUrl);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("bgpaint")
+    private final ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    public Paint getBackgroundPaint() {
+        return backgroundPaint.get();
+    }
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundPaintProperty() {
+        return backgroundPaint;
+    }
+
+    public void setBackgroundPaint(Paint backgroundPaint) {
+        this.backgroundPaint.set(backgroundPaint);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("bgImageOpacity")
+    private final IntegerProperty backgroundImageOpacity = new SimpleIntegerProperty(100);
+
+    public IntegerProperty backgroundImageOpacityProperty() {
+        return backgroundImageOpacity;
+    }
+
+    public int getBackgroundImageOpacity() {
+        return backgroundImageOpacity.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setBackgroundImageOpacity(int backgroundImageOpacity) {
+        this.backgroundImageOpacity.set(backgroundImageOpacity);
+    }
+
+    // Networks
+
+    @SerializedName("autoDownloadThreads")
+    private final BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreads = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
+
+    public BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreadsProperty() {
+        return autoDownloadThreads;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getAutoDownloadThreads() {
+        return autoDownloadThreads.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAutoDownloadThreads(boolean autoDownloadThreads) {
+        this.autoDownloadThreads.set(autoDownloadThreads);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("downloadThreads")
+    private final IntegerProperty downloadThreads = new SimpleIntegerProperty(64);
+
+    public IntegerProperty downloadThreadsProperty() {
+        return downloadThreads;
+    }
+
+    public int getDownloadThreads() {
+        return downloadThreads.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setDownloadThreads(int downloadThreads) {
+        this.downloadThreads.set(downloadThreads);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("downloadType")
+    private final StringProperty downloadType = new SimpleStringProperty(DownloadProviders.DEFAULT_DIRECT_PROVIDER_ID);
+
+    public StringProperty downloadTypeProperty() {
+        return downloadType;
+    }
+
+    public String getDownloadType() {
+        return downloadType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setDownloadType(String downloadType) {
+        this.downloadType.set(downloadType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("autoChooseDownloadType")
+    private final BooleanProperty autoChooseDownloadType = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
+
+    public BooleanProperty autoChooseDownloadTypeProperty() {
+        return autoChooseDownloadType;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAutoChooseDownloadType() {
+        return autoChooseDownloadType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAutoChooseDownloadType(boolean autoChooseDownloadType) {
+        this.autoChooseDownloadType.set(autoChooseDownloadType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("versionListSource")
+    private final StringProperty versionListSource = new SimpleStringProperty(DownloadProviders.DEFAULT_AUTO_PROVIDER_ID);
+
+    public StringProperty versionListSourceProperty() {
+        return versionListSource;
+    }
+
+    public String getVersionListSource() {
+        return versionListSource.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setVersionListSource(String versionListSource) {
+        this.versionListSource.set(versionListSource);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("hasProxy")
+    private final BooleanProperty hasProxy = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
+
+    public BooleanProperty hasProxyProperty() {
+        return hasProxy;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasProxy() {
+        return hasProxy.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setHasProxy(boolean hasProxy) {
+        this.hasProxy.set(hasProxy);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("hasProxyAuth")
+    private final BooleanProperty hasProxyAuth = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
+
+    public BooleanProperty hasProxyAuthProperty() {
+        return hasProxyAuth;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasProxyAuth() {
+        return hasProxyAuth.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setHasProxyAuth(boolean hasProxyAuth) {
+        this.hasProxyAuth.set(hasProxyAuth);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("proxyType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<Proxy.Type> proxyType = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Proxy.Type.HTTP);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Proxy.Type> proxyTypeProperty() {
+        return proxyType;
+    }
+
+    public Proxy.Type getProxyType() {
+        return proxyType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProxyType(Proxy.Type proxyType) {
+        this.proxyType.set(proxyType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("proxyHost")
+    private final StringProperty proxyHost = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty proxyHostProperty() {
+        return proxyHost;
+    }
+
+    public String getProxyHost() {
+        return proxyHost.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProxyHost(String proxyHost) {
+        this.proxyHost.set(proxyHost);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("proxyPort")
+    private final IntegerProperty proxyPort = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
+
+    public IntegerProperty proxyPortProperty() {
+        return proxyPort;
+    }
+
+    public int getProxyPort() {
+        return proxyPort.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProxyPort(int proxyPort) {
+        this.proxyPort.set(proxyPort);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("proxyUserName")
+    private final StringProperty proxyUser = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty proxyUserProperty() {
+        return proxyUser;
+    }
+
+    public String getProxyUser() {
+        return proxyUser.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProxyUser(String proxyUser) {
+        this.proxyUser.set(proxyUser);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("proxyPassword")
+    private final StringProperty proxyPass = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty proxyPassProperty() {
+        return proxyPass;
+    }
+
+    public String getProxyPass() {
+        return proxyPass.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProxyPass(String proxyPass) {
+        this.proxyPass.set(proxyPass);
+    }
+
+    // Game
+
+    @SerializedName("disableAutoGameOptions")
+    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoGameOptions = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty disableAutoGameOptionsProperty() {
+        return disableAutoGameOptions;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDisableAutoGameOptions() {
+        return disableAutoGameOptions.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setDisableAutoGameOptions(boolean disableAutoGameOptions) {
+        this.disableAutoGameOptions.set(disableAutoGameOptions);
+    }
+
+    // Accounts
+
+    @SerializedName("authlibInjectorServers")
+    private final ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> authlibInjectorServers = FXCollections.observableArrayList(server -> new Observable[]{server});
+
+    public ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> getAuthlibInjectorServers() {
+        return authlibInjectorServers;
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("addedLittleSkin")
+    private final BooleanProperty addedLittleSkin = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty addedLittleSkinProperty() {
+        return addedLittleSkin;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAddedLittleSkin() {
+        return addedLittleSkin.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAddedLittleSkin(boolean addedLittleSkin) {
+        this.addedLittleSkin.set(addedLittleSkin);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The preferred login type to use when the user wants to add an account.
+     */
+    @SerializedName("preferredLoginType")
+    private final StringProperty preferredLoginType = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty preferredLoginTypeProperty() {
+        return preferredLoginType;
+    }
+
+    public String getPreferredLoginType() {
+        return preferredLoginType.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setPreferredLoginType(String preferredLoginType) {
+        this.preferredLoginType.set(preferredLoginType);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("selectedAccount")
+    private final StringProperty selectedAccount = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty selectedAccountProperty() {
+        return selectedAccount;
+    }
+
+    public String getSelectedAccount() {
+        return selectedAccount.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setSelectedAccount(String selectedAccount) {
+        this.selectedAccount.set(selectedAccount);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("accounts")
+    private final ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> accountStorages = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    public ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> getAccountStorages() {
+        return accountStorages;
+    }
+
+    // Configurations
+
+    @SerializedName("last")
+    private final StringProperty selectedProfile = new SimpleStringProperty("");
+
+    public StringProperty selectedProfileProperty() {
+        return selectedProfile;
+    }
+
+    public String getSelectedProfile() {
+        return selectedProfile.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setSelectedProfile(String selectedProfile) {
+        this.selectedProfile.set(selectedProfile);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("configurations")
+    private final SimpleMapProperty<String, Profile> configurations = new SimpleMapProperty<>(FXCollections.observableMap(new TreeMap<>()));
+
+    public MapProperty<String, Profile> getConfigurations() {
+        return configurations;
+    }
+
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<Config> {
+        @Override
+        protected Config createInstance() {
+            return new Config();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+public final class ConfigHolder {
+
+    private ConfigHolder() {
+    }
+
+    public static final String CONFIG_FILENAME = "hmcl.json";
+    public static final String CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX = ".hmcl.json";
+    public static final Path GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("config.json");
+
+    private static Path configLocation;
+    private static Config configInstance;
+    private static GlobalConfig globalConfigInstance;
+    private static boolean newlyCreated;
+    private static boolean ownerChanged = false;
+    private static boolean unsupportedVersion = false;
+
+    public static Config config() {
+        if (configInstance == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration hasn't been loaded");
+        }
+        return configInstance;
+    }
+
+    public static GlobalConfig globalConfig() {
+        if (globalConfigInstance == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration hasn't been loaded");
+        }
+        return globalConfigInstance;
+    }
+
+    public static Path configLocation() {
+        return configLocation;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNewlyCreated() {
+        return newlyCreated;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isOwnerChanged() {
+        return ownerChanged;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isUnsupportedVersion() {
+        return unsupportedVersion;
+    }
+
+    public static void init() throws IOException {
+        if (configInstance != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration is already loaded");
+        }
+
+        configLocation = locateConfig();
+
+        LOG.info("Config location: " + configLocation);
+
+        configInstance = loadConfig();
+        if (!unsupportedVersion)
+            configInstance.addListener(source -> FileSaver.save(configLocation, configInstance.toJson()));
+
+        globalConfigInstance = loadGlobalConfig();
+        globalConfigInstance.addListener(source -> FileSaver.save(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH, globalConfigInstance.toJson()));
+
+        Locale.setDefault(config().getLocalization().getLocale());
+        I18n.setLocale(configInstance.getLocalization());
+        LOG.setLogRetention(globalConfig().getLogRetention());
+        Settings.init();
+
+        if (newlyCreated) {
+            LOG.info("Creating config file " + configLocation);
+            FileUtils.saveSafely(configLocation, configInstance.toJson());
+        }
+
+        if (!Files.isWritable(configLocation)) {
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                    && configLocation.getFileSystem() == FileSystems.getDefault()
+                    && configLocation.toFile().canWrite()) {
+                LOG.warning("Config at " + configLocation + " is not writable, but it seems to be a Samba share or OpenJDK bug");
+                // There are some serious problems with the implementation of Samba or OpenJDK
+                throw new SambaException();
+            } else {
+                // the config cannot be saved
+                // throw up the error now to prevent further data loss
+                throw new IOException("Config at " + configLocation + " is not writable");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Path locateConfig() {
+        Path defaultConfigFile = Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME);
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(defaultConfigFile))
+            return defaultConfigFile;
+
+        try {
+            Path jarPath = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
+            if (jarPath != null && Files.isRegularFile(jarPath) && Files.isWritable(jarPath)) {
+                jarPath = jarPath.getParent();
+
+                Path config = jarPath.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME);
+                if (Files.isRegularFile(config))
+                    return config;
+
+                Path dotConfig = jarPath.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX);
+                if (Files.isRegularFile(dotConfig))
+                    return dotConfig;
+            }
+
+        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
+        }
+
+        Path config = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME);
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(config))
+            return config;
+
+        Path dotConfig = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX);
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(dotConfig))
+            return dotConfig;
+
+        // create new
+        return defaultConfigFile;
+    }
+
+    private static Config loadConfig() throws IOException {
+        if (Files.exists(configLocation)) {
+            try {
+                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                        && "root".equals(System.getProperty("user.name"))
+                        && !"root".equals(Files.getOwner(configLocation).getName())) {
+                    ownerChanged = true;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e1) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to get owner");
+            }
+            try {
+                String content = Files.readString(configLocation);
+                Config deserialized = Config.fromJson(content);
+                if (deserialized == null) {
+                    LOG.info("Config is empty");
+                } else {
+                    int configVersion = deserialized.getConfigVersion();
+                    if (configVersion < Config.CURRENT_VERSION) {
+                        ConfigUpgrader.upgradeConfig(deserialized, content);
+                    } else if (configVersion > Config.CURRENT_VERSION) {
+                        unsupportedVersion = true;
+                        LOG.warning(String.format("Current HMCL only support the configuration version up to %d. However, the version now is %d.", Config.CURRENT_VERSION, configVersion));
+                    }
+
+                    return deserialized;
+                }
+            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Malformed config.", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        newlyCreated = true;
+        return new Config();
+    }
+
+    // Global Config
+
+    private static GlobalConfig loadGlobalConfig() throws IOException {
+        if (Files.exists(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH)) {
+            try {
+                String content = Files.readString(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH);
+                GlobalConfig deserialized = GlobalConfig.fromJson(content);
+                if (deserialized == null) {
+                    LOG.info("Config is empty");
+                } else {
+                    return deserialized;
+                }
+            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Malformed config.", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        LOG.info("Creating an empty global config");
+        return new GlobalConfig();
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.tryCast;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+final class ConfigUpgrader {
+    private ConfigUpgrader() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is for the compatibility with old HMCL versions.
+     *
+     * @param deserialized deserialized config settings
+     * @param rawContent   raw json content of the config settings without modification
+     */
+    static void upgradeConfig(Config deserialized, String rawContent) {
+        int configVersion = deserialized.getConfigVersion();
+
+        if (configVersion >= Config.CURRENT_VERSION)
+            return;
+
+        LOG.info(String.format("Updating configuration from %d to %d.", configVersion, Config.CURRENT_VERSION));
+        Map<?, ?> rawJson = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new Gson().<Map<?, ?>>fromJson(rawContent, Map.class));
+
+        if (configVersion < 1) {
+            // Upgrade configuration of HMCL 2.x: Convert OfflineAccounts whose stored uuid is important.
+            tryCast(rawJson.get("auth"), Map.class).ifPresent(auth -> {
+                tryCast(auth.get("offline"), Map.class).ifPresent(offline -> {
+                    String selected = rawJson.containsKey("selectedAccount") ? null
+                            : tryCast(offline.get("IAuthenticator_UserName"), String.class).orElse(null);
+
+                    tryCast(offline.get("uuidMap"), Map.class).ifPresent(uuidMap -> {
+                        ((Map<?, ?>) uuidMap).forEach((key, value) -> {
+                            Map<Object, Object> storage = new HashMap<>();
+                            storage.put("type", "offline");
+                            storage.put("username", key);
+                            storage.put("uuid", value);
+                            if (key.equals(selected)) {
+                                storage.put("selected", true);
+                            }
+                            deserialized.getAccountStorages().add(storage);
+                        });
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+
+            // Upgrade configuration of HMCL earlier than 3.1.70
+            if (!rawJson.containsKey("commonDirType"))
+                deserialized.setCommonDirType(deserialized.getCommonDirectory().equals(Settings.getDefaultCommonDirectory()) ? EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT : EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM);
+            if (!rawJson.containsKey("backgroundType"))
+                deserialized.setBackgroundImageType(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getBackgroundImage()) ? EnumBackgroundImage.CUSTOM : EnumBackgroundImage.DEFAULT);
+            if (!rawJson.containsKey("hasProxy"))
+                deserialized.setHasProxy(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getProxyHost()));
+            if (!rawJson.containsKey("hasProxyAuth"))
+                deserialized.setHasProxyAuth(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getProxyUser()));
+
+            if (!rawJson.containsKey("downloadType")) {
+                tryCast(rawJson.get("downloadtype"), Number.class)
+                        .map(Number::intValue)
+                        .ifPresent(id -> {
+                            if (id == 0) {
+                                deserialized.setDownloadType("mojang");
+                            } else if (id == 1) {
+                                deserialized.setDownloadType("bmclapi");
+                            }
+                        });
+            }
+        }
+
+        deserialized.setConfigVersion(Config.CURRENT_VERSION);
+    }
+}
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.DownloadException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
@@ -32,70 +33,82 @@ import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;

 public final class DownloadProviders {
    private DownloadProviders() {
    }

+    public static final String DEFAULT_AUTO_PROVIDER_ID = "balanced";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_DIRECT_PROVIDER_ID = "mojang";
+
    private static final DownloadProviderWrapper PROVIDER_WRAPPER;

-    private static final DownloadProvider MOJANG_PROVIDER;
-    private static final BMCLAPIDownloadProvider BMCLAPI_PROVIDER;
    private static final DownloadProvider DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
+    public static final Map<String, DownloadProvider> DIRECT_PROVIDERS;
+    public static final Map<String, DownloadProvider> AUTO_PROVIDERS;

    static {
        String bmclapiRoot = System.getProperty("hmcl.bmclapi.override", "https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com");
-        BMCLAPI_PROVIDER = new BMCLAPIDownloadProvider(bmclapiRoot);
-        MOJANG_PROVIDER = new MojangDownloadProvider();
-        DEFAULT_PROVIDER = createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource.DEFAULT, DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
+        BMCLAPIDownloadProvider bmclapiRaw = new BMCLAPIDownloadProvider(bmclapiRoot);
+
+        DownloadProvider mojang = new MojangDownloadProvider();
+        DownloadProvider bmclapi = new AutoDownloadProvider(bmclapiRaw, mojang);
+
+        DEFAULT_PROVIDER = mojang;
+        DIRECT_PROVIDERS = Lang.mapOf(
+                pair("mojang", mojang),
+                pair("bmclapi", bmclapi)
+        );
+
+        AUTO_PROVIDERS = Lang.mapOf(
+                pair("balanced", LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND ? bmclapi : mojang),
+                pair("official", LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND ? new AutoDownloadProvider(
+                        List.of(mojang, bmclapiRaw),
+                        List.of(bmclapiRaw, mojang)
+                ) : mojang),
+                pair("mirror", bmclapi)
+        );
+
        PROVIDER_WRAPPER = new DownloadProviderWrapper(DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
    }

-    /// Initializes download provider settings and synchronizes download thread settings.
-    public static void init() {
+    static void init() {
        InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadThreads = observable -> {
-            FetchTask.setDownloadExecutorConcurrency(settings().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().get()
+            FetchTask.setDownloadExecutorConcurrency(config().getAutoDownloadThreads()
                    ? DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY
-                    : settings().downloadThreadsProperty().get());
+                    : config().getDownloadThreads());
        };
-        settings().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
-        settings().downloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
+        config().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
+        config().downloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
        onChangeDownloadThreads.invalidated(null);

        InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadSource = observable -> {
-            PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(createDownloadProvider(
-                    settings().versionListSourceProperty().get(),
-                    settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().get()));
+            if (config().isAutoChooseDownloadType()) {
+                String versionListSource = config().getVersionListSource();
+                DownloadProvider downloadProvider = versionListSource != null
+                        ? AUTO_PROVIDERS.getOrDefault(versionListSource, DEFAULT_PROVIDER)
+                        : DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
+                PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(downloadProvider);
+            } else {
+                String downloadType = config().getDownloadType();
+                PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(downloadType != null
+                        ? DIRECT_PROVIDERS.getOrDefault(downloadType, DEFAULT_PROVIDER)
+                        : DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
+            }
        };
-        settings().versionListSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
-        settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
+        config().versionListSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
+        config().autoChooseDownloadTypeProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
+        config().downloadTypeProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
        onChangeDownloadSource.invalidated(null);
    }

-    /// Creates a download provider with independent version-list and file download preferences.
-    private static DownloadProvider createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource versionListSource, DownloadSource fileDownloadSource) {
-        return new AutoDownloadProvider(
-                getCandidates(versionListSource),
-                getCandidates(fileDownloadSource));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns provider candidates ordered by the given source preference.
-    private static List<DownloadProvider> getCandidates(DownloadSource source) {
-        DownloadSource normalized = source != null ? source : DownloadSource.DEFAULT;
-        return switch (normalized) {
-            case DEFAULT -> LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND
-                    ? List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER)
-                    : List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER, BMCLAPI_PROVIDER);
-            case OFFICIAL -> List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER);
-            case MIRROR -> List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER);
-        };
-    }
-
    /**
     * Get current primary preferred download provider
     */
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Preferred source selection for download providers.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum DownloadSource {
-    /// Automatically chooses the best source for the current environment.
-    DEFAULT,
-
-    /// Prefers official download sources.
-    OFFICIAL,
-
-    /// Prefers mirror download sources.
-    MIRROR,
-}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -15,15 +15,13 @@
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

-/// @author Glavo
-public enum QuickPlayType {
-    NONE,
-
-    MULTIPLAYER,
-
-    SINGLEPLAYER,
-
-    REALMS,
+public enum EnumBackgroundImage {
+    DEFAULT,
+    CUSTOM,
+    CLASSIC,
+    NETWORK,
+    TRANSLUCENT, // Deprecated
+    PAINT
 }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 /**
@@ -56,17 +56,17 @@ public final class FontManager {

        // Recommended

-        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("font"));
+        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("font"));
        if (font != null)
            return font;

-        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("font"));
+        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("font"));
        if (font != null)
            return font;

        // Legacy

-        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
+        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
        if (font != null)
            return font;

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public final class FontManager {
        if (font != null)
            return font;

-        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
+        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
        if (font != null)
            return font;

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public final class FontManager {
    }

    private static void updateFont() {
-        String fontFamily = settings().launcherFontFamilyProperty().get();
+        String fontFamily = config().getLauncherFontFamily();
        if (fontFamily == null)
            fontFamily = System.getProperty("hmcl.font.override");
        if (fontFamily == null)
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ public final class FontManager {
    }

    public static void setFontFamily(String fontFamily) {
-        settings().launcherFontFamilyProperty().set(fontFamily);
+        config().setLauncherFontFamily(fontFamily);
        updateFont();
    }

@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores game directories independently from the main config file.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved under the `config` directory in either the current
-/// HMCL directory or the user HMCL directory.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@JsonAdapter(GameDirectories.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class GameDirectories extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this game directory store.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("game-directories", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty game directory store.
-    public GameDirectories() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this game directory store file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this game directory store file.
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this game directory store file.
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Game directories stored in this file.
-    @SerializedName("directories")
-    private final ObservableList<GameDirectory> gameDirectories =
-            FXCollections.observableArrayList(profile -> new Observable[] { profile });
-
-    /// Whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
-    private transient boolean userFile;
-
-    /// Returns the game directories stored in this file.
-    public ObservableList<GameDirectory> getGameDirectories() {
-        return gameDirectories;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
-    void setUserFile(boolean userFile) {
-        this.userFile = userFile;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
-    boolean isUserFile() {
-        return userFile;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
-    private transient boolean newlyCreated;
-
-    /// Returns whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
-    boolean isNewlyCreated() {
-        return newlyCreated;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
-    void setNewlyCreated(boolean newlyCreated) {
-        this.newlyCreated = newlyCreated;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [GameDirectories].
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<GameDirectories> {
-        /// Creates an empty game directory store for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected GameDirectories createInstance() {
-            return new GameDirectories();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.*;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import javafx.application.Platform;
-import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.ToStringBuilder;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableHelper;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Persistent configuration for a game directory.
-@JsonAdapter(GameDirectory.Serializer.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class GameDirectory implements Observable {
-    /// The stable game directory ID.
-    private final GameDirectoryID id;
-
-    /// Returns the stable game directory ID.
-    public GameDirectoryID getId() {
-        return id;
-    }
-
-    /// The game directory path.
-    private final ObjectProperty<PortablePath> path;
-
-    /// Returns the game directory path property.
-    public ObjectProperty<PortablePath> pathProperty() {
-        return path;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the game directory path.
-    public PortablePath getPath() {
-        return path.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the game directory path.
-    public void setPath(PortablePath path) {
-        this.path.set(Objects.requireNonNull(path));
-    }
-
-    /// The custom localized game directory name, or `null` when no name is stored.
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable LocalizedText> name;
-
-    /// Returns the custom localized game directory name property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable LocalizedText> nameProperty() {
-        return name;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the custom localized game directory name, or `null` when no name is stored.
-    public @Nullable LocalizedText getName() {
-        return name.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the custom localized game directory name.
-    public void setName(@Nullable LocalizedText name) {
-        this.name.set(name);
-    }
-
-    /// The migrated legacy game settings preset ID, or `null` when this game directory uses the default preset.
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> legacyGameSettings;
-
-    /// Returns the migrated legacy game settings preset ID property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> legacyGameSettingsProperty() {
-        return legacyGameSettings;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the migrated legacy game settings preset ID, or `null` when this game directory uses the default preset.
-    public @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID getLegacyGameSettings() {
-        return legacyGameSettings.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the migrated legacy game settings preset ID.
-    public void setLegacyGameSettings(@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyGameSettings) {
-        this.legacyGameSettings.set(legacyGameSettings);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a game directory.
-    public GameDirectory(GameDirectoryID id, @Nullable LocalizedText name, PortablePath path) {
-        this(id, name, path, null);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a game directory.
-    public GameDirectory(
-            GameDirectoryID id,
-            @Nullable LocalizedText name,
-            PortablePath path,
-            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyGameSettings) {
-        this.id = Objects.requireNonNull(id);
-        this.name = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "name", name);
-        this.path = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "path", Objects.requireNonNull(path));
-        this.legacyGameSettings = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "legacyGameSettings", legacyGameSettings);
-
-        addPropertyChangedListener(arg -> invalidate());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a debug string containing the game directory path and display metadata.
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
-                .append("path", getPath())
-                .append("name", getName())
-                .toString();
-    }
-
-    /// Registers a listener that invalidates this game directory when any stored property changes.
-    private void addPropertyChangedListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
-        name.addListener(listener);
-        path.addListener(listener);
-        legacyGameSettings.addListener(listener);
-    }
-
-    /// Helper that stores and dispatches invalidation listeners for this game directory.
-    private final ObservableHelper observableHelper = new ObservableHelper(this);
-
-    /// Adds an invalidation listener.
-    @Override
-    public void addListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
-        observableHelper.addListener(listener);
-    }
-
-    /// Removes an invalidation listener.
-    @Override
-    public void removeListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
-        observableHelper.removeListener(listener);
-    }
-
-    /// Notifies game directory observers on the JavaFX thread when the toolkit is available.
-    private void invalidate() {
-        try {
-            Platform.runLater(observableHelper::invalidate);
-        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-            observableHelper.invalidate();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Serializes and deserializes game directories.
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<GameDirectory>, JsonDeserializer<GameDirectory> {
-        /// Serializes a game directory to JSON.
-        @Override
-        public JsonElement serialize(@Nullable GameDirectory src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
-            if (src == null)
-                return JsonNull.INSTANCE;
-
-            JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
-            jsonObject.add("id", context.serialize(src.getId(), GameDirectoryID.class));
-            if (src.getName() != null) {
-                JsonElement name = context.serialize(src.getName(), LocalizedText.class);
-                if (name != null && !name.isJsonNull()) {
-                    jsonObject.add("name", name);
-                }
-            }
-            jsonObject.add("path", context.serialize(src.getPath(), PortablePath.class));
-            if (src.getLegacyGameSettings() != null) {
-                jsonObject.add("legacyGameSettings", context.serialize(src.getLegacyGameSettings(), GameSettingsPresetID.class));
-            }
-
-            return jsonObject;
-        }
-
-        /// Deserializes a game directory from JSON.
-        @Override
-        public @Nullable GameDirectory deserialize(@Nullable JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
-            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject obj)) return null;
-            GameDirectoryID id = context.deserialize(obj.get("id"), GameDirectoryID.class);
-            if (id == null) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory ID cannot be null");
-            } else if (GameDirectoryID.NIL.equals(id)) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory ID cannot be nil");
-            }
-            PortablePath path = context.deserialize(obj.get("path"), PortablePath.class);
-            if (path == null) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory path cannot be null");
-            }
-            @Nullable LocalizedText name = context.deserialize(obj.get("name"), LocalizedText.class);
-
-            return new GameDirectory(id,
-                    name,
-                    path,
-                    context.deserialize(obj.get("legacyGameSettings"), GameSettingsPresetID.class));
-        }
-
-    }
-}
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import org.glavo.uuid.UUIDs;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TypedID;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.UUID;
-
-/// Stable identifier for a persisted game directory entry.
-///
-/// @param uuid the UUID payload
-@JsonAdapter(GameDirectoryID.Adapter.class)
-@JsonSerializable
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record GameDirectoryID(UUID uuid) implements TypedID {
-    /// The serialized game directory ID prefix.
-    public static final String PREFIX = "game-directory";
-
-    /// The nil identifier value.
-    public static final GameDirectoryID NIL = new GameDirectoryID(UUIDs.NIL);
-
-    /// Creates a game directory ID.
-    public GameDirectoryID {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(uuid);
-    }
-
-    /// Parses a game directory ID from a prefixed UUID string.
-    public static GameDirectoryID parse(String value) {
-        return new GameDirectoryID(TypedID.parseUUID(PREFIX, value));
-    }
-
-    /// Generates a new time-ordered game directory ID.
-    public static GameDirectoryID generate() {
-        return new GameDirectoryID(UUIDs.generateV7());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the prefixed game directory ID string.
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return TypedID.format(PREFIX, uuid);
-    }
-
-    /// Gson adapter for [GameDirectoryID].
-    public static final class Adapter extends TypedID.Adapter<GameDirectoryID> {
-        /// Creates a game directory ID adapter.
-        public Adapter() {
-            super(PREFIX, GameDirectoryID::new);
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,506 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
-import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.RefreshedVersionsEvent;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepository;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnmodifiableView;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.UUID;
-import java.util.function.Consumer;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.*;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
-
-/// Manages the merged runtime view of local and user game directories.
-///
-/// Local game directories take precedence over user game directories with the same ID. This class is
-/// the owner of the currently selected game directory and selected instance bookkeeping;
-/// callers should use this API instead of mutating the game-directory selection fields in
-/// [LauncherSettings] directly.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class GameDirectoryManager {
-
-    /// The stable ID shared by newly created and migrated current-workspace game directories.
-    static final GameDirectoryID DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID =
-            new GameDirectoryID(new UUID(0x7105bc1f490e5e8cL, 0x878cf5844c3d4bc3L));
-
-    /// The stable ID shared by newly created and migrated user-home game directories.
-    static final GameDirectoryID HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID =
-            new GameDirectoryID(new UUID(0xf3eafde8506e5a77L, 0xbc88f24b4728dfb2L));
-
-    /// The default current-workspace game directory path.
-    private static final PortablePath CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH = PortablePath.of(".minecraft");
-
-    /// The default user-home game directory path.
-    private static final PortablePath HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH = PortablePath.fromPath(Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY);
-
-    /// Prevents instantiation.
-    private GameDirectoryManager() {
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a game directory ID that does not collide with existing game directories.
-    public static GameDirectoryID newGameDirectoryId() {
-        GameDirectoryID id;
-        do {
-            id = GameDirectoryID.generate();
-        } while (hasGameDirectoryId(id));
-        return id;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether an existing game directory uses the given ID.
-    private static boolean hasGameDirectoryId(GameDirectoryID id) {
-        return localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().stream()
-                .anyMatch(gameDirectory -> gameDirectory.getId().equals(id))
-                || userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().stream()
-                .anyMatch(gameDirectory -> gameDirectory.getId().equals(id));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the display name for the given game directory.
-    public static String getGameDirectoryDisplayName(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        String name = getGameDirectoryCustomName(gameDirectory);
-        if (name != null) {
-            return name;
-        }
-
-        if (isGameDirectoryPath(gameDirectory, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH)) {
-            return i18n("game_directory.default");
-        }
-        if (isGameDirectoryPath(gameDirectory, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH)) {
-            return i18n("game_directory.home");
-        }
-
-        return gameDirectory.getId().toString();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the custom game directory name in the current locale.
-    public static @Nullable String getGameDirectoryCustomName(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        @Nullable LocalizedText name = gameDirectory.getName();
-        return name != null ? name.getText(I18n.getLocale().getCandidateLocales()) : null;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the game directory uses the given path.
-    private static boolean isGameDirectoryPath(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath expectedPath) {
-        PortablePath actualPath = gameDirectory.getPath();
-        return actualPath.isAbsolute() == expectedPath.isAbsolute()
-                && actualPath.getPath().equals(expectedPath.getPath());
-    }
-
-    /// True if [#init()] hasn't been called.
-    private static boolean initialized = false;
-
-    /// The mutable merged game directory list used by UI bindings and game directory selection.
-    private static final ObservableList<GameDirectory> mergedGameDirectories =
-            FXCollections.observableArrayList(gameDirectory -> new javafx.beans.Observable[]{gameDirectory});
-
-    /// Read-only view of [#mergedGameDirectories] exposed to callers.
-    private static final @UnmodifiableView ObservableList<GameDirectory> mergedGameDirectoriesUnmodifiable =
-            FXCollections.unmodifiableObservableList(mergedGameDirectories);
-
-    /// Runtime repositories keyed by game directory object identity.
-    private static final Map<GameDirectory, HMCLGameRepository> repositories = new IdentityHashMap<>();
-
-    /// The selected game directory, or `null` before the fallback game directory is resolved.
-    private static final ObjectProperty<@UnknownNullability GameDirectory> selectedGameDirectory = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedGameDirectory");
-
-    /// The selected game repository, or `null` before the fallback game directory is resolved.
-    private static final ObjectProperty<@UnknownNullability HMCLGameRepository> selectedRepository = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedRepository");
-
-    /// The selected instance ID projected from the selected repository.
-    private static final ReadOnlyStringWrapper selectedInstance = new ReadOnlyStringWrapper(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedInstance");
-
-    /// Updates [#selectedInstance] when the selected repository changes its selected instance.
-    private static final ChangeListener<String> selectedRepositoryInstanceListener =
-            (observable, oldValue, newValue) -> selectedInstance.set(newValue);
-
-    /// Initializes game directory state from the stores loaded by [SettingsManager].
-    ///
-    /// This method creates the built-in local and user-home game directories when required, rebuilds
-    /// the merged game directory view, and restores the selected game directory from [LauncherSettings].
-    public static void init() {
-        if (initialized)
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized");
-
-        initialized = true;
-
-        rebuildGameDirectories();
-
-        boolean needRebuildGameDirectories = false;
-        if (localGameDirectories().isNewlyCreated() && localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
-            needRebuildGameDirectories = true;
-            GameDirectories gameDirectories = localGameDirectories();
-            gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
-                    DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-        }
-        if (userGameDirectories().isNewlyCreated() && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
-            needRebuildGameDirectories = true;
-            GameDirectories gameDirectories = userGameDirectories();
-            gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
-                    HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-        }
-
-        needRebuildGameDirectories |= createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty();
-        if (needRebuildGameDirectories) {
-            rebuildGameDirectories();
-        }
-
-        assert !mergedGameDirectories.isEmpty();
-
-        @Nullable GameDirectoryID selectedId = settings().selectedGameDirectoryProperty().get();
-        GameDirectory currentGameDirectory = null;
-
-        if (selectedId != null) {
-            for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories) {
-                if (gameDirectory.getId().equals(selectedId)) {
-                    currentGameDirectory = gameDirectory;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        selectedGameDirectory.addListener((a, b, newValue) -> {
-            if (newValue == null) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("selectedGameDirectory cannot be null");
-            }
-
-            settings().selectedGameDirectoryProperty().set(newValue.getId());
-            @Nullable HMCLGameRepository oldRepository = selectedRepository.get();
-            if (oldRepository != null) {
-                oldRepository.selectedInstanceProperty().removeListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
-            }
-            HMCLGameRepository repository = getOrCreateRepository(newValue);
-            selectedRepository.set(repository);
-            selectedInstance.set(repository.getSelectedInstance());
-            repository.selectedInstanceProperty().addListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
-            repository.refreshVersionsAsync().start();
-        });
-        selectedGameDirectory.set(currentGameDirectory != null ? currentGameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories.get(0));
-
-        EventBus.EVENT_BUS.channel(RefreshedVersionsEvent.class).registerWeak(event -> {
-            runInFX(() -> {
-                @Nullable HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
-                if (repository != null && repository == event.getSource()) {
-                    repository.refreshSelectedInstance();
-                    for (Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener : versionsListeners)
-                        listener.accept(repository);
-                }
-            });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Creates the built-in game directories only when no game directory exists.
-    private static boolean createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty() {
-        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()
-                && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
-            localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
-                    .add(new GameDirectory(
-                            DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-            userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
-                    .add(new GameDirectory(
-                            HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Rebuilds the merged runtime game directory view from the two backing stores.
-    private static void rebuildGameDirectories() {
-        GameDirectories userGameDirectories = userGameDirectories();
-        GameDirectories localGameDirectories = localGameDirectories();
-        Map<GameDirectoryID, GameDirectory> visibleGameDirectories = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-
-        for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : localGameDirectories.getGameDirectories()) {
-            GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
-            visibleGameDirectories.put(id, gameDirectory);
-        }
-        for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : userGameDirectories.getGameDirectories()) {
-            GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
-            visibleGameDirectories.putIfAbsent(id, gameDirectory);
-        }
-
-        mergedGameDirectories.setAll(visibleGameDirectories.values());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the read-only merged game directory list.
-    public static @UnmodifiableView ObservableList<GameDirectory> getGameDirectories() {
-        return mergedGameDirectoriesUnmodifiable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the repository for the given game directory, creating it when needed.
-    private static HMCLGameRepository getOrCreateRepository(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
-        return repositories.computeIfAbsent(gameDirectory, HMCLGameRepository::new);
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a game directory to the per-workspace store.
-    public static void addLocalGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        if (SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Local game directories are read-only");
-        }
-        addGameDirectory(localGameDirectories(), gameDirectory);
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a game directory to the user store.
-    public static void addUserGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        if (SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("User game directories are read-only");
-        }
-        addGameDirectory(userGameDirectories(), gameDirectory);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether an existing game directory can be updated to the given path.
-    ///
-    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
-    /// @param path the new game directory path
-    /// @return whether both the current and target stores may be edited
-    public static boolean canUpdateGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath path) {
-        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
-        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
-        return !isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(source) && !isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(target);
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites read-only game directory files required to update a game directory.
-    ///
-    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
-    /// @param path the new game directory path
-    public static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoryFiles(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath path) {
-        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
-        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
-        forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(source);
-        if (target != source) {
-            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(target);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Updates a game directory, moving it between local and user stores when the path type changes.
-    ///
-    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
-    /// @param name the new custom game directory name, or `null` for an unnamed game directory
-    /// @param path the new game directory path
-    public static void updateGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory, @Nullable LocalizedText name, PortablePath path) {
-        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
-        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
-        if (isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(source) || isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(target)) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Game directories are read-only");
-        }
-
-        if (source == target) {
-            gameDirectory.setName(name);
-            gameDirectory.setPath(path);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        source.getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
-        gameDirectory.setName(name);
-        gameDirectory.setPath(path);
-        addGameDirectory(target, gameDirectory);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the game directory can be removed from all stores containing it.
-    ///
-    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to remove
-    /// @return whether all containing stores may be edited
-    public static boolean canRemoveGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        boolean localContains = localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory);
-        boolean userContains = userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory);
-        return (!localContains || !SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly())
-                && (!userContains || !SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly());
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites read-only game directory files required to remove a game directory.
-    ///
-    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to remove
-    public static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoryFiles(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
-            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(localGameDirectories());
-        }
-        if (userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
-            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(userGameDirectories());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a game directory to the given store, replacing a game directory with the same ID in that store.
-    private static void addGameDirectory(GameDirectories gameDirectories, GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
-        ObservableList<GameDirectory> entries = gameDirectories.getGameDirectories();
-        GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
-        for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
-            if (entries.get(i).getId().equals(id)) {
-                repositories.remove(entries.get(i));
-                settings().setSelectedInstance(id, null);
-                entries.set(i, gameDirectory);
-                rebuildGameDirectories();
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        entries.add(gameDirectory);
-        rebuildGameDirectories();
-    }
-
-    /// Removes a game directory and recreates the built-in game directories when the list becomes empty.
-    public static void removeGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        if (!canRemoveGameDirectory(gameDirectory)) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Game directories are read-only");
-        }
-
-        userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
-        localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
-        repositories.remove(gameDirectory);
-        createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty();
-        rebuildGameDirectories();
-
-        if (!mergedGameDirectories.contains(selectedGameDirectory.get())) {
-            setSelectedGameDirectory(mergedGameDirectories.get(0));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the store that should own game directories with the given path.
-    private static GameDirectories getGameDirectoryStore(PortablePath path) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(path);
-        return path.isAbsolute() ? userGameDirectories() : localGameDirectories();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the store currently containing the game directory.
-    private static @Nullable GameDirectories findGameDirectoryStore(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
-        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
-            return localGameDirectories();
-        }
-        if (userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
-            return userGameDirectories();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the store currently containing the game directory, or throws when it is detached.
-    private static GameDirectories requireGameDirectoryStore(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        @Nullable GameDirectories gameDirectories = findGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
-        if (gameDirectories == null) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Game directory does not belong to a game directory store");
-        }
-        return gameDirectories;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the given game directory store is read-only.
-    private static boolean isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(GameDirectories gameDirectories) {
-        return gameDirectories.isUserFile()
-                ? SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly()
-                : SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly();
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up and overwrites the given game directory store when it is read-only.
-    private static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(GameDirectories gameDirectories) {
-        if (!isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(gameDirectories)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (gameDirectories.isUserFile()) {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameDirectories();
-        } else {
-            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteLocalGameDirectories();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected game directory, creating built-in game directories first if the list is empty.
-    public static GameDirectory getSelectedGameDirectory() {
-        GameDirectory gameDirectory = selectedGameDirectory.get();
-        if (gameDirectory == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Selected game directory cannot be null");
-        }
-        return gameDirectory;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected game repository.
-    public static HMCLGameRepository getSelectedRepository() {
-        HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
-        if (repository == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Selected repository cannot be null");
-        }
-        return repository;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the selected game directory.
-    public static void setSelectedGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
-        if (!mergedGameDirectories.contains(gameDirectory)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown game directory: " + gameDirectory);
-        }
-        selectedGameDirectory.set(gameDirectory);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected game directory property.
-    ///
-    /// The property is exposed for UI binding. Values should be changed through
-    /// [#setSelectedGameDirectory(GameDirectory)] or by bidirectional bindings that only select
-    /// game directories from [#getGameDirectories()].
-    public static ObjectProperty<GameDirectory> selectedGameDirectoryProperty() {
-        return selectedGameDirectory;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected game repository property.
-    public static ObjectProperty<HMCLGameRepository> selectedRepositoryProperty() {
-        return selectedRepository;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected instance property projected from the selected repository.
-    public static ReadOnlyStringProperty selectedInstanceProperty() {
-        return selectedInstance.getReadOnlyProperty();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
-    public static @Nullable String getSelectedInstance() {
-        return getSelectedRepository().getSelectedInstance();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
-    public static void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable String instance) {
-        getSelectedRepository().setSelectedInstance(instance);
-    }
-
-    /// Listeners notified after the selected repository has loaded versions.
-    private static final List<Consumer<HMCLGameRepository>> versionsListeners = new ArrayList<>(4);
-
-    /// Registers a listener that is notified when the selected repository's versions are available.
-    public static void registerVersionsListener(Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener) {
-        HMCLGameRepository repository = getSelectedRepository();
-        if (repository.isLoaded())
-            listener.accept(repository);
-        versionsListeners.add(listener);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import org.glavo.uuid.UUIDs;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TypedID;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.UUID;
-
-/// Stable identifier for a persisted game settings preset.
-///
-/// @param uuid the UUID payload
-@JsonAdapter(GameSettingsPresetID.Adapter.class)
-@JsonSerializable
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record GameSettingsPresetID(UUID uuid) implements TypedID {
-    /// The serialized game settings preset ID prefix.
-    public static final String PREFIX = "game-settings-preset";
-
-    /// The nil identifier value.
-    public static final GameSettingsPresetID NIL = new GameSettingsPresetID(UUIDs.NIL);
-
-    /// Creates a game settings preset ID.
-    public GameSettingsPresetID {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(uuid);
-    }
-
-    /// Parses a game settings preset ID from a prefixed UUID string.
-    public static GameSettingsPresetID parse(String value) {
-        return new GameSettingsPresetID(TypedID.parseUUID(PREFIX, value));
-    }
-
-    /// Generates a new time-ordered game settings preset ID.
-    public static GameSettingsPresetID generate() {
-        return new GameSettingsPresetID(UUIDs.generateV7());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the prefixed game settings preset ID string.
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return TypedID.format(PREFIX, uuid);
-    }
-
-    /// Gson adapter for [GameSettingsPresetID].
-    public static final class Adapter extends TypedID.Adapter<GameSettingsPresetID> {
-        /// Creates a game settings preset ID adapter.
-        public Adapter() {
-            super(PREFIX, GameSettingsPresetID::new);
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores reusable game settings presets independently from the main config file.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved as `config/game-settings.json` under the current HMCL
-/// directory.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@JsonAdapter(GameSettingsPresets.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class GameSettingsPresets extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this game settings preset store.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty game settings preset store.
-    public GameSettingsPresets() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Copies another preset store into this instance.
-    void copyFrom(GameSettingsPresets source) {
-        if (source == this) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        presets.setAll(source.getPresets());
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this game settings preset store file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this game settings preset store file.
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this game settings preset store file.
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Reusable game setting presets.
-    @SerializedName("presets")
-    private final ObservableList<GameSettings.Preset> presets =
-            FXCollections.observableArrayList(setting -> new Observable[] { setting });
-
-    /// Returns the reusable game setting presets.
-    public ObservableList<GameSettings.Preset> getPresets() {
-        return presets;
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a preset ID that does not collide with existing presets.
-    public GameSettingsPresetID newPresetId() {
-        GameSettingsPresetID id;
-        do {
-            id = GameSettingsPresetID.generate();
-        } while (getPreset(id) != null);
-        return id;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the first automatic preset number that is not used by existing presets.
-    public int newPresetAutoNameNumber() {
-        mainLoop:
-        for (int index = 1; ; index++) {
-            for (GameSettings.Preset setting : getPresets()) {
-                Integer autoNameNumber = setting.autoNameNumberProperty().getValue();
-                if ((autoNameNumber != null && autoNameNumber == index)) {
-                    continue mainLoop;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return index;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the preset with the given ID.
-    public GameSettings.@Nullable Preset getPreset(@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID id) {
-        if (id == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        for (GameSettings.Preset setting : presets) {
-            if (id.equals(setting.idProperty().getValue())) {
-                return setting;
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [GameSettingsPresets].
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<GameSettingsPresets> {
-        /// Creates an empty preset store for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected GameSettingsPresets createInstance() {
-            return new GameSettingsPresets();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-/// The initial display mode of the game window.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-public enum GameWindowType {
-    /// Start the game in a normal window.
-    WINDOWED,
-
-    /// Start the game in fullscreen mode.
-    FULLSCREEN,
-
-    /// Start the game in a maximized window.
-    MAXIMIZED,
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+@JsonAdapter(GlobalConfig.Adapter.class)
+public final class GlobalConfig extends ObservableSetting {
+
+    @Nullable
+    public static GlobalConfig fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
+        return Config.CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(json, GlobalConfig.class);
+    }
+
+    public GlobalConfig() {
+        register();
+    }
+
+    public String toJson() {
+        return Config.CONFIG_GSON.toJson(this);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("agreementVersion")
+    private final IntegerProperty agreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
+
+    public IntegerProperty agreementVersionProperty() {
+        return agreementVersion;
+    }
+
+    public int getAgreementVersion() {
+        return agreementVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAgreementVersion(int agreementVersion) {
+        this.agreementVersion.set(agreementVersion);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("terracottaAgreementVersion")
+    private final IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
+
+    public IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersionProperty() {
+        return terracottaAgreementVersion;
+    }
+
+    public int getTerracottaAgreementVersion() {
+        return terracottaAgreementVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setTerracottaAgreementVersion(int terracottaAgreementVersion) {
+        this.terracottaAgreementVersion.set(terracottaAgreementVersion);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("platformPromptVersion")
+    private final IntegerProperty platformPromptVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
+
+    public IntegerProperty platformPromptVersionProperty() {
+        return platformPromptVersion;
+    }
+
+    public int getPlatformPromptVersion() {
+        return platformPromptVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setPlatformPromptVersion(int platformPromptVersion) {
+        this.platformPromptVersion.set(platformPromptVersion);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("logRetention")
+    private final IntegerProperty logRetention = new SimpleIntegerProperty(20);
+
+    public IntegerProperty logRetentionProperty() {
+        return logRetention;
+    }
+
+    public int getLogRetention() {
+        return logRetention.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setLogRetention(int logRetention) {
+        this.logRetention.set(logRetention);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("enableOfflineAccount")
+    private final BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccount = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccountProperty() {
+        return enableOfflineAccount;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEnableOfflineAccount() {
+        return enableOfflineAccount.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setEnableOfflineAccount(boolean value) {
+        enableOfflineAccount.set(value);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("fontAntiAliasing")
+    private final StringProperty fontAntiAliasing = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty fontAntiAliasingProperty() {
+        return fontAntiAliasing;
+    }
+
+    public String getFontAntiAliasing() {
+        return fontAntiAliasing.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setFontAntiAliasing(String value) {
+        this.fontAntiAliasing.set(value);
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("userJava")
+    private final ObservableSet<String> userJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
+
+    public ObservableSet<String> getUserJava() {
+        return userJava;
+    }
+
+    @SerializedName("disabledJava")
+    private final ObservableSet<String> disabledJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
+
+    public ObservableSet<String> getDisabledJava() {
+        return disabledJava;
+    }
+
+    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<GlobalConfig> {
+        @Override
+        protected GlobalConfig createInstance() {
+            return new GlobalConfig();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -17,27 +17,9 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Selects how HMCL resolves the Java runtime used to launch a game.
-///
-/// Additional payload for these modes is stored in `GameSettings`:
-/// - [VERSION] uses `customJavaVersion` as the user-entered Java version selector.
-/// - [DETECTED] uses `detectedJava` as the detected runtime reference.
-/// - [CUSTOM] uses `customJavaPath` as the executable path selected by the user.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
+/**
+ * @author Glavo
+ */
 public enum JavaVersionType {
-    /// Automatically selects a suitable Java runtime for the target game version.
-    AUTO,
-
-    /// Selects an installed Java runtime by major version.
-    VERSION,
-
-    /// Selects one runtime from the Java runtimes detected by HMCL.
-    DETECTED,
-
-    /// Uses a user-provided Java executable path.
-    CUSTOM
+    DEFAULT, AUTO, VERSION, DETECTED, CUSTOM
 }
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Marks a detached settings object that stores its own JSON schema URL.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-interface JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// Returns the schema used by this JSON settings file.
-    JsonSchema getSchema();
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this JSON settings file.
-    ///
-    /// @param schema the schema to store
-    void setSchema(JsonSchema schema);
-
-    /// Returns whether this settings object may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    boolean isSavable();
-
-    /// Sets whether this settings object may be saved back to its JSON file.
-    ///
-    /// @param savable whether this settings object may be saved
-    void setSavable(boolean savable);
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    boolean isBackupOnNextSave();
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
-    ///
-    /// @param backupOnNextSave whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first
-    void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave);
-}
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.function.Supplier;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Loads, saves, and validates a detached JSON settings file with a [JsonSchema] marker.
-///
-/// @param <T> the settings object type
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-final class JsonSettingFile<T extends ObservableSetting & JsonSchemaSetting> {
-    /// The settings file location.
-    private final Path location;
-
-    /// The human-readable file type name used in logs.
-    private final String displayName;
-
-    /// The settings object type.
-    private final Class<T> type;
-
-    /// The JSON schema supported by the current code.
-    private final JsonSchema expectedSchema;
-
-    /// Creates a default settings object.
-    private final Supplier<T> createDefault;
-
-    /// Creates a detached JSON settings file helper.
-    ///
-    /// @param location the settings file location
-    /// @param displayName the human-readable file type name used in logs
-    /// @param type the settings object type
-    /// @param expectedSchema the JSON schema supported by the current code
-    /// @param createDefault creates a default settings object
-    JsonSettingFile(
-            Path location,
-            String displayName,
-            Class<T> type,
-            JsonSchema expectedSchema,
-            Supplier<T> createDefault) {
-        this.location = Objects.requireNonNull(location);
-        this.displayName = Objects.requireNonNull(displayName);
-        this.type = Objects.requireNonNull(type);
-        this.expectedSchema = Objects.requireNonNull(expectedSchema);
-        this.createDefault = Objects.requireNonNull(createDefault);
-    }
-
-    /// Loads the settings file, falling back to migrated data or a default object when absent.
-    ///
-    /// @param migrated migrated settings data used when the file is absent
-    /// @return the loaded settings object
-    /// @throws IOException if reading the file fails
-    LoadResult<T> load(@Nullable T migrated) throws IOException {
-        if (Files.exists(location)) {
-            try {
-                JsonObject jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(location, JsonObject.class);
-                if (jsonObject == null) {
-                    LOG.warning(displayName + " are empty: " + location);
-                    return result(createDefault.get(), true);
-                } else {
-                    JsonSchema.CompatibilityResult schemaResult =
-                            JsonSchema.check(jsonObject, expectedSchema);
-                    switch (schemaResult.status()) {
-                        case MISSING -> LOG.warning("Missing schema in " + displayName + ": " + location);
-                        case INVALID -> LOG.warning("Invalid schema in " + displayName + ": "
-                                + location + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.invalidValue());
-                        case UNPARSEABLE -> LOG.warning("Unparseable schema in " + displayName + ": "
-                                + location + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                        case UNEXPECTED_ID -> LOG.warning("Unexpected " + displayName + " schema. Expected: "
-                                + expectedSchema + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                        case UNSUPPORTED_MAJOR, READ_ONLY_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> LOG.warning("Unsupported " + displayName
-                                + " schema. Expected: " + expectedSchema + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
-                        case READ_WRITE, READ_WRITE_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> {
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (!schemaResult.readable()) {
-                        return result(createDefault.get(), SettingFileAccess.UNREADABLE);
-                    }
-
-                    T deserialized = LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.<@Nullable T>fromJson(jsonObject, type);
-                    if (deserialized != null) {
-                        // Patch-compatible files keep their original schema because unknown members are preserved.
-                        if (!schemaResult.preserveSchema() && !expectedSchema.equals(deserialized.getSchema())) {
-                            deserialized.setSchema(expectedSchema);
-                        }
-
-                        return result(deserialized, schemaResult.allowSave()
-                                ? SettingFileAccess.READ_WRITE
-                                : SettingFileAccess.READ_ONLY);
-                    }
-
-                    LOG.warning(displayName + " deserialized to null: " + location);
-                }
-            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Malformed " + displayName + ".", e);
-                return result(createDefault.get(), true, true);
-            }
-
-            return result(createDefault.get(), SettingFileAccess.UNREADABLE);
-        }
-
-        return result(Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(migrated, createDefault), true);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a load result and stores the saveability metadata on the settings object.
-    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, boolean savable) {
-        return result(value, savable, false);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a load result and stores the saveability metadata on the settings object.
-    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, boolean savable, boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        value.setSavable(savable);
-        value.setBackupOnNextSave(backupOnNextSave);
-        return new LoadResult<>(value, SettingFileAccess.READ_WRITE);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a load result and stores the access metadata on the settings object.
-    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, SettingFileAccess access) {
-        value.setSavable(access.canSave());
-        value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-        return new LoadResult<>(value, access);
-    }
-
-    /// Installs an automatic save listener on a settings object.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the settings object to observe
-    void installAutoSave(T value) {
-        value.addListener(observable -> {
-            if (value.shouldSaveImmediately(observable)) {
-                save(value);
-                value.setSavePending(false);
-            } else {
-                value.setSavePending(true);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Saves a settings object.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the settings object to save
-    void save(T value) {
-        if (value.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
-            value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
-        }
-        FileSaver.save(location, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(value, type));
-    }
-
-    /// Saves a settings object synchronously.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the settings object to save
-    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
-    void saveSync(T value) throws IOException {
-        if (value.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
-            value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
-        }
-        FileUtils.saveSafely(location, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(value, type));
-    }
-
-    /// Prepares a settings object for overwriting a detached settings file.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the replacement settings object
-    private void prepareOverwrite(T value) {
-        SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
-        value.setSchema(expectedSchema);
-        value.setSavable(true);
-        value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up the current file and overwrites it with the given value using the current schema.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the replacement settings object
-    void backupAndOverwrite(T value) {
-        prepareOverwrite(value);
-        save(value);
-    }
-
-    /// Backs up the current file and overwrites it synchronously with the given value using the current schema.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the replacement settings object
-    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
-    void backupAndOverwriteSync(T value) throws IOException {
-        prepareOverwrite(value);
-        saveSync(value);
-    }
-
-    /// Result of loading a detached JSON settings file.
-    ///
-    /// @param value the loaded settings object
-    /// @param access whether the source file may be read and overwritten
-    record LoadResult<T extends ObservableSetting & JsonSchemaSetting>(T value, SettingFileAccess access) {
-    }
-}
@@ -1,685 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.*;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
-import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorStyle;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableListCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableMapCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableSetCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.factories.JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AccountID;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BackgroundLoadPolicy;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BuiltinBackground;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeReference;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.SupportedLocale;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.*;
-
-/// Stores the current workspace's main launcher settings.
-///
-/// This file keeps launcher-level choices such as UI preferences, network settings, selected game directory,
-/// selected instances, and account selection. Larger domain-specific stores, such as game directories,
-/// game settings presets, accounts, launcher state, and authlib-injector servers, are persisted in detached
-/// JSON files managed by [SettingsManager].
-@JsonAdapter(value = LauncherSettings.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this launcher settings class.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA = new JsonSchema("launcher-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// The JSON property name for the default game setting preset ID.
-    static final String PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET = "defaultGameSettingsPreset";
-
-    /// The JSON property name for the selected game directory ID.
-    static final String PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY = "selectedGameDirectory";
-
-    /// The JSON property name for selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
-    static final String PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE = "selectedInstance";
-
-    /// Default launcher theme used when no stored theme reference is available.
-    public static final ThemeReference DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE = new ThemeReference("hmcl.default", null);
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for theme brightness mode.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BRIGHTNESS_MODE = "themeBrightnessMode";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for theme color seed.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_COLOR = "themeColor";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for theme color style.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_COLOR_STYLE = "themeColorStyle";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for title-bar transparency.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_TITLE_BAR_TRANSPARENT = "titleBarTransparent";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for window transparency.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT = "windowTransparent";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for the primary background source.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BACKGROUND = "background";
-
-    /// Theme appearance override key for background opacity.
-    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BACKGROUND_OPACITY = "backgroundOpacity";
-
-    /// Gson instance used for launcher settings and related settings objects that depend on JavaFX properties.
-    public static final Gson SETTINGS_GSON = new GsonBuilder()
-            .registerTypeAdapter(Path.class, PathTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
-            .registerTypeAdapter(UUID.class, UUIDTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableList.class, new ObservableListCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableSet.class, new ObservableSetCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableMap.class, new ObservableMapCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory(true, true))
-            .registerTypeAdapter(Paint.class, new PaintAdapter())
-            .setPrettyPrinting()
-            .setObjectToNumberStrategy(ToNumberPolicy.LONG_OR_DOUBLE)
-            .create();
-
-    /// Deserializes launcher settings from JSON.
-    ///
-    /// @param json the JSON object to read
-    /// @return the deserialized launcher settings
-    /// @throws JsonParseException if the JSON cannot be deserialized as launcher settings
-    public static LauncherSettings fromJson(JsonObject json) throws JsonParseException {
-        return SETTINGS_GSON.fromJson(json, LauncherSettings.class);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates empty launcher settings using current defaults.
-    public LauncherSettings() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Serializes these launcher settings to formatted JSON.
-    public String toJson() {
-        return SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(this);
-    }
-
-    // Properties
-
-    /// The schema used by this launcher settings file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this launcher settings file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this launcher settings file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave = false;
-
-    /// Returns whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// The launcher UI language.
-    @SerializedName("language")
-    private final ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> language = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(SupportedLocale.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher UI language property.
-    public ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> languageProperty() {
-        return language;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether preview builds are accepted by update checks.
-    @SerializedName("acceptPreviewUpdate")
-    private final BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdate = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the preview update opt-in property.
-    public BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdateProperty() {
-        return acceptPreviewUpdate;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether automatic update dialogs are disabled.
-    @SerializedName("disableAutoShowUpdateDialog")
-    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialog = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the automatic update dialog disable property.
-    public BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty() {
-        return disableAutoShowUpdateDialog;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether April Fools features are disabled.
-    @SerializedName("disableAprilFools")
-    private final BooleanProperty disableAprilFools = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the April Fools disable property.
-    public BooleanProperty disableAprilFoolsProperty() {
-        return disableAprilFools;
-    }
-
-    /// The common Minecraft directory selection mode.
-    @SerializedName("commonDirectoryType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirectoryType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the common Minecraft directory selection mode property.
-    public ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirectoryTypeProperty() {
-        return commonDirectoryType;
-    }
-
-    /// The custom common Minecraft directory path.
-    @SerializedName("commonDirectory")
-    private final StringProperty commonDirectory = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the custom common Minecraft directory property.
-    public StringProperty commonDirectoryProperty() {
-        return commonDirectory;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the default common Minecraft directory path.
-    public static String getDefaultCommonDirectory() {
-        return Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY.toString();
-    }
-
-    /// Resolves the effective common Minecraft directory from the current directory settings.
-    ///
-    /// @return the effective directory path, or `null` when the configured mode is not recognized
-    public String getResolvedCommonDirectory() {
-        EnumCommonDirectory type = commonDirectoryType.get();
-        String customPath = commonDirectory.get();
-
-        return type == EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM && StringUtils.isNotBlank(customPath)
-                ? customPath
-                : getDefaultCommonDirectory();
-    }
-
-    /// The maximum number of log lines kept in log views.
-    @SerializedName("logLines")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Integer> logLines = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    /// Returns the log line limit property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Integer> logLinesProperty() {
-        return logLines;
-    }
-
-    // UI
-
-    // Theme selection
-
-    /// The installed theme selected by the launcher, or `null` when older settings do not contain a theme reference.
-    @SerializedName("selectedTheme")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedTheme =
-            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
-
-    /// Returns the selected installed theme property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedThemeProperty() {
-        return selectedTheme;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected installed theme, falling back to the built-in default theme.
-    public ThemeReference getSelectedThemeOrDefault() {
-        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(selectedTheme.get(), DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
-    }
-
-    // Theme appearance overrides
-
-    /// Theme appearance setting keys overridden by the launcher.
-    @SerializedName("themeAppearanceOverrides")
-    private final ObservableSet<String> themeAppearanceOverrides = FXCollections.observableSet();
-
-    /// Returns the theme appearance setting keys overridden by the launcher.
-    public ObservableSet<String> getThemeAppearanceOverrides() {
-        return themeAppearanceOverrides;
-    }
-
-    // Theme appearance values
-
-    /// The configured theme brightness mode identifier.
-    @SerializedName("themeBrightnessMode")
-    private final StringProperty themeBrightnessMode = new SimpleStringProperty("auto");
-
-    /// Returns the theme brightness mode property.
-    public StringProperty themeBrightnessModeProperty() {
-        return themeBrightnessMode;
-    }
-
-    /// The custom launcher theme color preserved when dynamic color extraction is used.
-    @SerializedName("customThemeColor")
-    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> customThemeColor = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ThemeColor.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the custom launcher theme color property.
-    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> customThemeColorProperty() {
-        return customThemeColor;
-    }
-
-    /// The source used to choose the launcher Monet theme color seed.
-    @SerializedName("themeColorType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColorType> themeColorType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(ThemeColorType.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher theme color source type property.
-    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColorType> themeColorTypeProperty() {
-        return themeColorType;
-    }
-
-    /// The MonetFX color style used to generate the launcher color scheme.
-    @SerializedName("themeColorStyle")
-    private final ObjectProperty<ColorStyle> themeColorStyle = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(ColorStyle.FIDELITY);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher theme color style property.
-    public ObjectProperty<ColorStyle> themeColorStyleProperty() {
-        return themeColorStyle;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether the launcher title bar is transparent.
-    @SerializedName("titleBarTransparent")
-    private final BooleanProperty titleBarTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the transparent title-bar property.
-    public BooleanProperty titleBarTransparentProperty() {
-        return titleBarTransparent;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether translucent launcher backgrounds reveal content behind the window.
-    @SerializedName("windowTransparent")
-    private final BooleanProperty windowTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the window transparency property.
-    public BooleanProperty windowTransparentProperty() {
-        return windowTransparent;
-    }
-
-    // Background source
-
-    /// The launcher background source type.
-    @SerializedName("backgroundType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundType.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher background source type property.
-    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundTypeProperty() {
-        return backgroundType;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected built-in launcher wallpaper ID.
-    @SerializedName("builtinBackgroundId")
-    private final StringProperty builtinBackgroundId = new SimpleStringProperty(BuiltinBackground.FALLBACK.id());
-
-    /// Returns the selected built-in launcher wallpaper ID property.
-    public StringProperty builtinBackgroundIdProperty() {
-        return builtinBackgroundId;
-    }
-
-    /// The local custom launcher background image path.
-    @SerializedName("customBackgroundImagePath")
-    private final StringProperty customBackgroundImagePath = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the local custom launcher background image path property.
-    public StringProperty customBackgroundImagePathProperty() {
-        return customBackgroundImagePath;
-    }
-
-    /// The remote network launcher background image URL.
-    @SerializedName("networkBackgroundImageUrl")
-    private final StringProperty networkBackgroundImageUrl = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the remote network launcher background image URL property.
-    public StringProperty networkBackgroundImageUrlProperty() {
-        return networkBackgroundImageUrl;
-    }
-
-    /// The custom launcher background paint.
-    @SerializedName("customBackgroundPaint")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> customBackgroundPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    /// Returns the custom launcher background paint property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> customBackgroundPaintProperty() {
-        return customBackgroundPaint;
-    }
-
-    // Background appearance
-
-    /// The launcher background opacity value.
-    @SerializedName("backgroundOpacity")
-    private final DoubleProperty backgroundOpacity = new SimpleDoubleProperty(1.0);
-
-    /// Returns the custom launcher background opacity value property.
-    public DoubleProperty backgroundOpacityProperty() {
-        return backgroundOpacity;
-    }
-
-    // Background loading
-
-    /// The URL image cache policy for network launcher backgrounds.
-    @SerializedName("networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy")
-    private final ObjectProperty<NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy> networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy =
-            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy.ENABLED);
-
-    /// Returns the URL image cache policy for network launcher backgrounds.
-    public ObjectProperty<NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy> networkBackgroundImageCachePolicyProperty() {
-        return networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy;
-    }
-
-    /// The fallback source used when the selected launcher background cannot be loaded.
-    @SerializedName("backgroundFallbackType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundFallbackType =
-            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundType.BUILTIN);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher background fallback source type property.
-    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundFallbackTypeProperty() {
-        return backgroundFallbackType;
-    }
-
-    /// The fallback paint used when the selected launcher background cannot be loaded.
-    @SerializedName("backgroundFallbackPaint")
-    private final ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundFallbackPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Color.WHITE);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher background fallback paint property.
-    public ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundFallbackPaintProperty() {
-        return backgroundFallbackPaint;
-    }
-
-    /// How the launcher displays its window while the selected background is loading.
-    @SerializedName("backgroundLoadPolicy")
-    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundLoadPolicy> backgroundLoadPolicy =
-            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundLoadPolicy.WAIT_FOR_BACKGROUND);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher background loading policy property.
-    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundLoadPolicy> backgroundLoadPolicyProperty() {
-        return backgroundLoadPolicy;
-    }
-
-    // Fonts
-
-    /// The font family used by launcher log views.
-    @SerializedName("logFontFamily")
-    private final StringProperty logFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the launcher log font family property.
-    public StringProperty logFontFamilyProperty() {
-        return logFontFamily;
-    }
-
-    /// The launcher log font size.
-    @SerializedName("logFontSize")
-    private final DoubleProperty logFontSize = new SimpleDoubleProperty(12);
-
-    /// Returns the launcher log font size property.
-    public DoubleProperty logFontSizeProperty() {
-        return logFontSize;
-    }
-
-    /// The font family used by launcher chrome.
-    @SerializedName("launcherFontFamily")
-    private final StringProperty launcherFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the launcher chrome font family property.
-    public StringProperty launcherFontFamilyProperty() {
-        return launcherFontFamily;
-    }
-
-    // General UI
-
-    /// Whether UI animations are disabled.
-    @SerializedName("animationDisabled")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Boolean> animationDisabled = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    /// Returns the UI animation disable property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Boolean> animationDisabledProperty() {
-        return animationDisabled;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isAnimationDisabled() {
-        // Avoid accessing FXUtils too early during startup
-        return Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(animationDisabled.get(), () ->
-                FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED);
-    }
-
-    // Networks
-
-    /// Whether HMCL automatically selects the number of download threads.
-    @SerializedName("autoDownloadThreads")
-    private final BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreads = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
-
-    /// Returns the automatic download thread count property.
-    public BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreadsProperty() {
-        return autoDownloadThreads;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured number of download threads.
-    @SerializedName("downloadThreads")
-    private final IntegerProperty downloadThreads = new SimpleIntegerProperty(64);
-
-    /// Returns the download thread count property.
-    public IntegerProperty downloadThreadsProperty() {
-        return downloadThreads;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected game version list download source.
-    @SerializedName("versionListSource")
-    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the selected game version list download source property.
-    public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSourceProperty() {
-        return versionListSource;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected file download source.
-    @SerializedName("fileDownloadSource")
-    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Returns the selected file download source property.
-    public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSourceProperty() {
-        return fileDownloadSource;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected default add-on source ID.
-    @SerializedName("defaultAddonSource")
-    private final StringProperty defaultAddonSource = new SimpleStringProperty("modrinth");
-
-    /// Returns the selected default add-on source ID property.
-    public StringProperty defaultAddonSourceProperty() {
-        return defaultAddonSource;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether proxy authentication is enabled.
-    @SerializedName("hasProxyAuth")
-    private final BooleanProperty hasProxyAuth = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the proxy authentication enable property.
-    public BooleanProperty hasProxyAuthProperty() {
-        return hasProxyAuth;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured network proxy selection mode.
-    @SerializedName("proxyType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<ProxyType> proxyType = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ProxyType.SYSTEM);
-
-    /// Returns the network proxy selection mode property.
-    public ObjectProperty<ProxyType> proxyTypeProperty() {
-        return proxyType;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured network proxy host.
-    @SerializedName("proxyHost")
-    private final StringProperty proxyHost = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the network proxy host property.
-    public StringProperty proxyHostProperty() {
-        return proxyHost;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured network proxy port.
-    @SerializedName("proxyPort")
-    private final IntegerProperty proxyPort = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the network proxy port property.
-    public IntegerProperty proxyPortProperty() {
-        return proxyPort;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured proxy authentication username.
-    @SerializedName("proxyUser")
-    private final StringProperty proxyUser = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the proxy authentication username property.
-    public StringProperty proxyUserProperty() {
-        return proxyUser;
-    }
-
-    /// The configured proxy authentication password.
-    @SerializedName("proxyPassword")
-    private final StringProperty proxyPassword = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the proxy authentication password property.
-    public StringProperty proxyPasswordProperty() {
-        return proxyPassword;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected game directory ID.
-    ///
-    /// This field is owned by [GameDirectoryManager]. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager] should not modify it directly.
-    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY)
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameDirectoryID> selectedGameDirectory =
-            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY);
-
-    /// Returns the selected game directory ID property.
-    ///
-    /// This property is exposed for persistence and [GameDirectoryManager] integration. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager]
-    /// should use `GameDirectoryManager.setSelectedGameDirectory` instead of modifying this property directly.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameDirectoryID> selectedGameDirectoryProperty() {
-        return selectedGameDirectory;
-    }
-
-    /// The default game setting preset ID.
-    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET)
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> defaultGameSettingsPreset =
-            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET);
-
-    /// Returns the default game setting preset ID property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> defaultGameSettingsPresetProperty() {
-        return defaultGameSettingsPreset;
-    }
-
-    /// Selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
-    ///
-    /// This field is owned by [GameDirectoryManager]. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager] should not modify it directly.
-    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE)
-    private final ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> selectedInstance = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
-
-    /// Returns selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
-    ///
-    /// The map stores persisted selected instance values by game directory ID.
-    public ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> getSelectedInstance() {
-        return selectedInstance;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
-    ///
-    /// The value is loaded by the game repository for the matching game directory.
-    public @Nullable String getSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId) {
-        return gameDirectoryId != null ? selectedInstance.get(gameDirectoryId) : null;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
-    ///
-    /// Blank values remove the persisted selected instance entry.
-    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId, @Nullable String selectedInstance) {
-        if (gameDirectoryId == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(selectedInstance)) {
-            this.selectedInstance.remove(gameDirectoryId);
-        } else {
-            this.selectedInstance.put(gameDirectoryId, selectedInstance);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Accounts
-
-    /// The preferred login type to use when the user wants to add an account.
-    @SerializedName("preferredLoginType")
-    private final StringProperty preferredLoginType = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the preferred login type property.
-    public StringProperty preferredLoginTypeProperty() {
-        return preferredLoginType;
-    }
-
-    /// The selected account reference.
-    @SerializedName("selectedAccount")
-    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable AccountID> selectedAccount = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    /// Returns the selected account reference property.
-    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable AccountID> selectedAccountProperty() {
-        return selectedAccount;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [LauncherSettings].
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<LauncherSettings> {
-        /// Creates empty launcher settings for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected LauncherSettings createInstance() {
-            return new LauncherSettings();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores per-workspace launcher runtime state independently from the main settings file.
-///
-/// The JSON representation is saved as `state/launcher-state.json` under the current HMCL directory.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@JsonAdapter(LauncherState.Adapter.class)
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class LauncherState extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this launcher state store.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("launcher-state", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Creates an empty launcher state store.
-    public LauncherState() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the changed field should trigger automatic persistence immediately.
-    @Override
-    public boolean shouldSaveImmediately(Observable observable) {
-        return observable != x
-                && observable != y
-                && observable != width
-                && observable != height;
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this launcher state file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this launcher state file.
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this launcher state file.
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// The normalized launcher window content X position.
-    @SerializedName("x")
-    private final DoubleProperty x = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content X position property.
-    public DoubleProperty xProperty() {
-        return x;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content X position.
-    public double getX() {
-        return x.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the normalized launcher window content X position.
-    public void setX(double x) {
-        this.x.set(x);
-    }
-
-    /// The normalized launcher window content Y position.
-    @SerializedName("y")
-    private final DoubleProperty y = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content Y position property.
-    public DoubleProperty yProperty() {
-        return y;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content Y position.
-    public double getY() {
-        return y.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the normalized launcher window content Y position.
-    public void setY(double y) {
-        this.y.set(y);
-    }
-
-    /// The launcher window content width.
-    @SerializedName("width")
-    private final DoubleProperty width = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the launcher window content width property.
-    public DoubleProperty widthProperty() {
-        return width;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the launcher window content width.
-    public double getWidth() {
-        return width.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the launcher window content width.
-    public void setWidth(double width) {
-        this.width.set(width);
-    }
-
-    /// The launcher window content height.
-    @SerializedName("height")
-    private final DoubleProperty height = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the launcher window content height property.
-    public DoubleProperty heightProperty() {
-        return height;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the launcher window content height.
-    public double getHeight() {
-        return height.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the launcher window content height.
-    public void setHeight(double height) {
-        this.height.set(height);
-    }
-
-    /// The latest update version that has already prompted the user.
-    @SerializedName("promptedVersion")
-    private final StringProperty promptedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the latest prompted update version.
-    public @Nullable String getPromptedVersion() {
-        return promptedVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the latest prompted update version property.
-    public StringProperty promptedVersionProperty() {
-        return promptedVersion;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the latest prompted update version.
-    public void setPromptedVersion(@Nullable String promptedVersion) {
-        this.promptedVersion.set(promptedVersion);
-    }
-
-    /// Tip markers that prevent repeated prompts.
-    @SerializedName("shownTips")
-    private final ObservableMap<String, Object> shownTips = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
-
-    /// Returns tip markers that prevent repeated prompts.
-    public ObservableMap<String, Object> getShownTips() {
-        return shownTips;
-    }
-
-    /// JSON adapter for [LauncherState].
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<LauncherState> {
-        /// Creates an empty launcher state store for deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected LauncherState createInstance() {
-            return new LauncherState();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,557 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.property.InheritableProperty;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.function.BiFunction;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Converts legacy game settings JSON into `GameSettings` models.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class LegacyGameSettingsMigrator {
-    /// Legacy file name used by old per-version `VersionSetting` data.
-    static final String LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_FILENAME = "hmclversion.cfg";
-
-    /// Receipt file name used to record successful legacy per-version settings migration.
-    private static final String LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_MIGRATION_RECEIPT_FILENAME =
-            "instance-game-settings.migration-receipt.json";
-
-    /// Directory under the version root that stores HMCL-managed instance metadata.
-    static final String INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY = ".hmcl";
-
-    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance configuration files.
-    static final String INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY = "config";
-
-    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance state files.
-    private static final String INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY = "state";
-
-    /// Current file name for instance-specific game settings.
-    static final String INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME = "instance-game-settings.json";
-
-    /// Legacy game directory modes stored by old configuration files.
-    private enum GameDirectoryType {
-        /// Use the root `.minecraft` folder.
-        ROOT_FOLDER,
-
-        /// Use the version-specific folder.
-        VERSION_FOLDER,
-
-        /// Use a custom game directory.
-        CUSTOM
-    }
-
-    /// Legacy `VersionIconType` ordinal order used by old local settings.
-    private static final VersionIconType @Unmodifiable [] LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES = {
-            VersionIconType.DEFAULT,
-            VersionIconType.GRASS,
-            VersionIconType.CHEST,
-            VersionIconType.CHICKEN,
-            VersionIconType.COMMAND,
-            VersionIconType.OPTIFINE,
-            VersionIconType.CRAFT_TABLE,
-            VersionIconType.FABRIC,
-            VersionIconType.FORGE,
-            VersionIconType.NEO_FORGE,
-            VersionIconType.FURNACE,
-            VersionIconType.QUILT,
-            VersionIconType.APRIL_FOOLS,
-            VersionIconType.CLEANROOM,
-            VersionIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC
-    };
-
-    /// Legacy `JavaVersionType` ordinal order used by old game settings.
-    private static final JavaVersionType @Unmodifiable [] LEGACY_JAVA_VERSION_TYPES = {
-            // Legacy ordinal 0 was DEFAULT and ordinal 1 was AUTO; both now migrate to  AUTO.
-            JavaVersionType.AUTO,
-            JavaVersionType.AUTO,
-            JavaVersionType.VERSION,
-            JavaVersionType.DETECTED,
-            JavaVersionType.CUSTOM
-    };
-
-    /// Legacy native library mode ordinal order used by old game settings.
-    private static final String @Unmodifiable [] LEGACY_NATIVES_DIRECTORY_TYPES = {
-            "VERSION_FOLDER",
-            "CUSTOM"
-    };
-
-    /// Prevents instantiation.
-    private LegacyGameSettingsMigrator() {
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a legacy profile-level setting JSON object into a preset with the given ID.
-    public static GameSettings.Preset toPreset(GameSettingsPresetID id, int autoNameNumber, @Nullable JsonObject source) {
-        GameSettings.Preset target = new GameSettings.Preset(id);
-        target.autoNameNumberProperty().setValue(autoNameNumber);
-        if (getLegacyGameDirType(source, GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER) == GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER) {
-            target.defaultIsolationTypeProperty().setValue(DefaultIsolationType.ALWAYS);
-        }
-        if (source != null) {
-            copyCommonProperties(source, target, GameSettings.DetectedJava::ofLegacyPath);
-        }
-        return target;
-    }
-
-    /// Migrates a legacy per-version game setting file into an instance setting.
-    ///
-    /// @param parent the migrated parent preset ID for the profile
-    /// @return the migrated instance setting, or `null` when no legacy file can be migrated
-    public static @Nullable InstanceMigrationResult migrateInstanceGameSettings(
-            HMCLGameRepository repository,
-            String instanceId,
-            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent) {
-        Path instanceRoot = repository.getVersionRoot(instanceId);
-        Path file = instanceRoot.resolve(LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_FILENAME);
-        if (!Files.exists(file)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        Path receiptLocation = repository.getInstanceStateDirectory(instanceId)
-                .resolve(LEGACY_INSTANCE_SETTINGS_MIGRATION_RECEIPT_FILENAME);
-        if (MigrationReceipt.matches(receiptLocation, file)) {
-            LOG.info("Skipping already migrated legacy version setting " + file);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            JsonObject legacySettingJson = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, JsonObject.class);
-            if (legacySettingJson == null) {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            boolean inheritsLegacyParent = JsonUtils.getBoolean(legacySettingJson, "usesGlobal", false);
-            GameSettings.Preset parentSetting = SettingsManager.getGameSettings(parent);
-            GameSettings.Instance setting = toInstance(
-                    parent,
-                    parentSetting,
-                    legacySettingJson,
-                    inheritsLegacyParent,
-                    GameSettings.DetectedJava::ofLegacyPath);
-            if (!inheritsLegacyParent) {
-                Path baseDirectory = repository.getBaseDirectory();
-                if (parentSetting != null
-                        && getLegacyGameDirType(legacySettingJson, GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER) == GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER
-                        && StringUtils.isNotBlank(parentSetting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue())) {
-                    setting.runningDirectoryProperty().setValue(baseDirectory.toString());
-                    setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-                }
-            }
-            return new InstanceMigrationResult(file, receiptLocation, setting);
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to migrate legacy version setting " + file, ex);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a legacy local setting JSON object into an instance game setting.
-    ///
-    /// @param parent the migrated parent preset ID for the instance
-    /// @param source the legacy local setting JSON object
-    /// @param inheritsLegacyParent whether the legacy instance inherits its parent preset instead of
-    ///                             carrying its own copied values
-    public static GameSettings.Instance toInstance(
-            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent,
-            @Nullable JsonObject source,
-            boolean inheritsLegacyParent) {
-        return toInstance(parent, source, inheritsLegacyParent, GameSettings.DetectedJava::ofLegacyPath);
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a legacy local setting JSON object into an instance game setting with a custom
-    /// detected Java converter.
-    ///
-    /// @param parent the migrated parent preset ID for the instance
-    /// @param source the legacy local setting JSON object
-    /// @param inheritsLegacyParent whether the legacy instance inherits its parent preset instead of
-    ///                             carrying its own copied values
-    /// @param detectedJavaFactory converts legacy detected Java version and path fields into the new
-    ///                            detected Java reference
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static GameSettings.Instance toInstance(
-            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent,
-            @Nullable JsonObject source,
-            boolean inheritsLegacyParent,
-            BiFunction<String, String, GameSettings.DetectedJava> detectedJavaFactory) {
-        return toInstance(parent, null, source, inheritsLegacyParent, detectedJavaFactory);
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a legacy local setting JSON object into an instance game setting with parent context.
-    ///
-    /// @param parent the migrated parent preset ID for the instance
-    /// @param parentSetting the migrated parent preset, if available during migration
-    /// @param source the legacy local setting JSON object
-    /// @param inheritsLegacyParent whether the legacy instance inherits its parent preset instead of
-    ///                             carrying its own copied values
-    /// @param detectedJavaFactory converts legacy detected Java version and path fields into the new
-    ///                            detected Java reference
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static GameSettings.Instance toInstance(
-            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent,
-            @Nullable GameSettings.Preset parentSetting,
-            @Nullable JsonObject source,
-            boolean inheritsLegacyParent,
-            BiFunction<String, String, GameSettings.DetectedJava> detectedJavaFactory) {
-        GameSettings.Instance target = new GameSettings.Instance();
-        target.parentProperty().setValue(parent);
-        target.iconProperty().setValue(parseLegacyVersionIconType(source));
-        if (inheritsLegacyParent
-                && parentSetting != null
-                && parentSetting.defaultIsolationTypeProperty().getValue() == DefaultIsolationType.ALWAYS
-                && StringUtils.isBlank(parentSetting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue())) {
-            target.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-        }
-        if (source != null && !inheritsLegacyParent) {
-            copyCommonProperties(source, target, detectedJavaFactory);
-            if (getLegacyGameDirType(source, GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER) != GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER) {
-                target.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
-            }
-            target.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_JAVA_TYPE,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_CUSTOM_JAVA_VERSION,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_CUSTOM_JAVA_PATH,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_DETECTED_JAVA,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NO_JVM_OPTIONS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NO_OPTIMIZING_JVM_OPTIONS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NOT_CHECK_JVM,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NOT_CHECK_GAME,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MAX_MEMORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PERM_SIZE,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WINDOW_TYPE,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WIDTH,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_HEIGHT,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PROCESS_PRIORITY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_LAUNCHER_VISIBILITY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_GAME_ARGS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_GRAPHICS_BACKEND,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_OPENGL_RENDERER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_VULKAN_RENDERER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_COMMAND_WRAPPER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PRE_LAUNCH_COMMAND,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_POST_EXIT_COMMAND,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_QUICK_PLAY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_QUICK_PLAY_MULTIPLAYER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_QUICK_PLAY_SINGLEPLAYER,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_QUICK_PLAY_REALMS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_SHOW_LOGS,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_ENABLE_DEBUG_LOG_OUTPUT,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NOT_PATCH_NATIVES,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_CUSTOM_NATIVES,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_NATIVES_DIRECTORY,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_GLFW,
-                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_USE_NATIVE_OPENAL
-            ));
-        }
-        return target;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the legacy game directory type from a setting JSON object.
-    private static GameDirectoryType getLegacyGameDirType(@Nullable JsonObject source, GameDirectoryType defaultValue) {
-        return parseEnum(source, "gameDirType", GameDirectoryType.class, defaultValue);
-    }
-
-    /// Copies shared legacy properties into the target setting.
-    private static void copyCommonProperties(
-            JsonObject source,
-            GameSettings target,
-            BiFunction<String, String, GameSettings.DetectedJava> detectedJavaFactory) {
-        JavaVersionType javaVersionType = parseLegacyJavaVersionType(source);
-        String legacyJavaVersion = Objects.requireNonNullElse(parseLegacyJavaVersion(source), "");
-        target.javaTypeProperty().setValue(javaVersionType);
-        if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
-            target.customJavaVersionProperty().setValue(legacyJavaVersion);
-        } else if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.DETECTED && StringUtils.isNotBlank(legacyJavaVersion)) {
-            target.detectedJavaProperty().setValue(detectedJavaFactory.apply(
-                    legacyJavaVersion,
-                    JsonUtils.getString(source, "defaultJavaPath", "")));
-        }
-        target.customJavaPathProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "javaDir", ""));
-
-        target.jvmOptionsProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "javaArgs", ""));
-        target.noJVMOptionsProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "noJVMArgs", false));
-        target.noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "noOptimizingJVMArgs", false));
-        target.notCheckJVMProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "notCheckJVM", false));
-        target.notCheckGameProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "notCheckGame", false));
-
-        target.autoMemoryProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "autoMemory", true));
-        target.minMemoryProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getNullableInt(source, "minMemory"));
-        int maxMemory = JsonUtils.getInt(source, "maxMemory", GameSettings.SUGGESTED_MEMORY);
-        target.maxMemoryProperty().setValue(maxMemory > 0 ? maxMemory : GameSettings.SUGGESTED_MEMORY);
-        target.permSizeProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "permSize", ""));
-
-        target.windowTypeProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "fullscreen", false) ? GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN : GameWindowType.WINDOWED);
-        target.widthProperty().setValue((double) JsonUtils.getInt(source, "width", 0));
-        target.heightProperty().setValue((double) JsonUtils.getInt(source, "height", 0));
-        target.runningDirectoryProperty().setValue(getLegacyGameDirType(source, GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER) == GameDirectoryType.CUSTOM
-                ? JsonUtils.getString(source, "gameDir", "")
-                : "");
-
-        target.processPriorityProperty().setValue(parseEnum(source, "processPriority", ProcessPriority.class, ProcessPriority.NORMAL));
-        target.launcherVisibilityProperty().setValue(parseEnum(source, "launcherVisibility", LauncherVisibility.class, LauncherVisibility.HIDE));
-        target.gameArgumentsProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "minecraftArgs", ""));
-        migrateLegacyRenderer(source, target);
-        target.environmentVariablesProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "environmentVariables", ""));
-        target.commandWrapperProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "wrapper", ""));
-        target.preLaunchCommandProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "precalledCommand", ""));
-        target.postExitCommandProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getString(source, "postExitCommand", ""));
-
-        String serverIp = JsonUtils.getString(source, "serverIp", "");
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(serverIp)) {
-            target.quickPlayProperty().setValue(QuickPlayType.NONE);
-        } else {
-            target.quickPlayProperty().setValue(QuickPlayType.MULTIPLAYER);
-            target.quickPlayMultiplayerProperty().setValue(serverIp);
-        }
-
-        target.showLogsProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "showLogs", false));
-        target.enableDebugLogOutputProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "enableDebugLogOutput", false));
-        target.notPatchNativesProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "notPatchNatives", false));
-        boolean useCustomNatives = isLegacyCustomNativesDirectory(source);
-        target.useCustomNativesProperty().setValue(useCustomNatives);
-        target.nativesDirectoryProperty().setValue(useCustomNatives ? JsonUtils.getString(source, "nativesDir", "") : "");
-        target.useNativeGLFWProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useNativeGLFW", false));
-        target.useNativeOpenALProperty().setValue(JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useNativeOpenAL", false));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether old game settings selected user-managed native libraries.
-    private static boolean isLegacyCustomNativesDirectory(JsonObject source) {
-        JsonPrimitive primitive = JsonUtils.getPrimitive(source, "nativesDirType");
-        if (primitive == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            if (primitive.isNumber()) {
-                int index = primitive.getAsInt();
-                return index >= 0
-                        && index < LEGACY_NATIVES_DIRECTORY_TYPES.length
-                        && "CUSTOM".equals(LEGACY_NATIVES_DIRECTORY_TYPES[index]);
-            }
-
-            return "CUSTOM".equalsIgnoreCase(primitive.getAsString());
-        } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Migrates the legacy renderer fields into current renderer properties.
-    private static void migrateLegacyRenderer(JsonObject source, GameSettings setting) {
-        Renderer renderer = parseLegacyRenderer(source);
-        GraphicsAPI graphicsBackend = parseGraphicsBackend(source, renderer);
-        setting.graphicsBackendProperty().setValue(graphicsBackend);
-
-        if (renderer instanceof Renderer.Driver driver) {
-            rendererPropertyForApi(setting, driver.api()).setValue(renderer);
-            if (graphicsBackend == GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT) {
-                setting.graphicsBackendProperty().setValue(driver.api());
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (graphicsBackend == GraphicsAPI.OPENGL || graphicsBackend == GraphicsAPI.VULKAN) {
-            rendererPropertyForApi(setting, graphicsBackend).setValue(renderer);
-        } else {
-            setting.openGLRendererProperty().setValue(renderer);
-            setting.vulkanRendererProperty().setValue(renderer);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the renderer property for the given non-default graphics API.
-    private static InheritableProperty<Renderer> rendererPropertyForApi(GameSettings setting, GraphicsAPI api) {
-        return switch (api) {
-            case OPENGL -> setting.openGLRendererProperty();
-            case VULKAN -> setting.vulkanRendererProperty();
-            case DEFAULT -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("The default graphics API has no renderer property");
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the legacy Java selection mode.
-    private static JavaVersionType parseLegacyJavaVersionType(JsonObject source) {
-        JsonPrimitive primitive = JsonUtils.getPrimitive(source, "javaVersionType");
-        if (primitive != null) {
-            try {
-                if (primitive.isNumber()) {
-                    int index = primitive.getAsInt();
-                    return index >= 0 && index < LEGACY_JAVA_VERSION_TYPES.length
-                            ? LEGACY_JAVA_VERSION_TYPES[index]
-                            : JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-                }
-
-                return switch (primitive.getAsString().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)) {
-                    case "DEFAULT", "AUTO" -> JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-                    case "VERSION" -> JavaVersionType.VERSION;
-                    case "DETECTED" -> JavaVersionType.DETECTED;
-                    case "CUSTOM" -> JavaVersionType.CUSTOM;
-                    default -> JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-                };
-            } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
-                return JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return switch (JsonUtils.getString(source, "java", "")) {
-            case "Default", "Auto" -> JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-            case "Custom" -> JavaVersionType.CUSTOM;
-            default -> JavaVersionType.AUTO;
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the legacy Java version value.
-    private static @Nullable String parseLegacyJavaVersion(JsonObject source) {
-        if (source.has("javaVersionType")) {
-            return switch (parseLegacyJavaVersionType(source)) {
-                case VERSION, DETECTED -> JsonUtils.getString(source, "java", null);
-                case AUTO, CUSTOM -> "";
-            };
-        }
-
-        String java = JsonUtils.getString(source, "java", "");
-        return switch (java) {
-            case "Default", "Auto", "Custom" -> "";
-            default -> java;
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the legacy renderer selection.
-    private static Renderer parseLegacyRenderer(JsonObject source) {
-        JsonElement renderer = source.get("renderer");
-        if (renderer != null && !renderer.isJsonNull()) {
-            Renderer parsed = parseLegacyRenderer(renderer);
-            if (parsed != null) {
-                return parsed;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return JsonUtils.getBoolean(source, "useSoftwareRenderer", false) ? Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE : Renderer.DEFAULT;
-    }
-
-    /// Parses a renderer from a legacy JSON element.
-    private static @Nullable Renderer parseLegacyRenderer(JsonElement element) {
-        if (element instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive && primitive.isString()) {
-            return Renderer.of(primitive.getAsString());
-        }
-
-        if (element.isJsonObject()) {
-            JsonElement name = element.getAsJsonObject().get("name");
-            if (name instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive && primitive.isString()) {
-                return Renderer.of(primitive.getAsString());
-            }
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the graphics API selection with renderer-derived fallback.
-    private static GraphicsAPI parseGraphicsBackend(JsonObject source, Renderer renderer) {
-        String name = JsonUtils.getString(source, "graphicsBackend", null);
-        if (name != null) {
-            try {
-                return GraphicsAPI.valueOf(name.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT));
-            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
-            }
-        }
-
-        return renderer instanceof Renderer.Driver driver ? driver.api() : GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT;
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the legacy icon selection with frozen ordinal order.
-    private static VersionIconType parseLegacyVersionIconType(@Nullable JsonObject source) {
-        JsonPrimitive primitive = JsonUtils.getPrimitive(source, "versionIcon");
-        if (primitive == null) {
-            return VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            if (primitive.isNumber()) {
-                int index = primitive.getAsInt();
-                return index >= 0 && index < LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES.length
-                        ? LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES[index]
-                        : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
-            }
-
-            String value = primitive.getAsString();
-            for (VersionIconType iconType : LEGACY_VERSION_ICON_TYPES) {
-                if (iconType.name().equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
-                    return iconType;
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
-        }
-
-        return VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
-    }
-
-    /// Reads an enum property from either ordinal or name.
-    private static <E extends Enum<E>> E parseEnum(@Nullable JsonObject source, String name, Class<E> type, E defaultValue) {
-        JsonPrimitive primitive = JsonUtils.getPrimitive(source, name);
-        if (primitive == null) {
-            return defaultValue;
-        }
-
-        E[] constants = type.getEnumConstants();
-        try {
-            if (primitive.isNumber()) {
-                int index = primitive.getAsInt();
-                return index >= 0 && index < constants.length ? constants[index] : defaultValue;
-            }
-
-            String value = primitive.getAsString();
-            for (E constant : constants) {
-                if (constant.name().equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
-                    return constant;
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
-        }
-
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    /// Result of migrating a legacy per-version game settings file.
-    ///
-    /// @param path the legacy per-version game settings path
-    /// @param receiptLocation the receipt path to write after saving the migrated settings
-    /// @param setting the migrated instance game settings
-    public record InstanceMigrationResult(
-            Path path,
-            Path receiptLocation,
-            GameSettings.Instance setting) {
-        /// Writes the migration receipt when receipt tracking is enabled.
-        public void saveReceipt() {
-            MigrationReceipt.save(receiptLocation, path);
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
-import java.time.Instant;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Records successful legacy migrations so deleting a current file does not replay unchanged legacy content.
-///
-/// @param sourceSize the legacy source file size recorded for diagnostics, or `null` when omitted
-/// @param sourceLastModified the legacy source last-modified time recorded for diagnostics, or `null` when omitted
-/// @param sourceSHA256 the legacy source SHA-256 hash, or `null` when a malformed receipt omits it
-/// @param migratedAt when the migration receipt was written, or `null` before saving or when omitted
-@NotNullByDefault
-record MigrationReceipt(
-        @Nullable Long sourceSize,
-        @Nullable String sourceLastModified,
-        @Nullable String sourceSHA256,
-        @Nullable String migratedAt) {
-    /// Returns whether the receipt records the current legacy source content.
-    static boolean matches(Path receipt, Path source) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(receipt);
-        Objects.requireNonNull(source);
-
-        if (!Files.exists(receipt) || !Files.exists(source)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            @Nullable MigrationReceipt object = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(receipt, MigrationReceipt.class);
-            return object != null && object.matches(create(source));
-        } catch (IOException | JsonParseException | IllegalStateException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to read migration receipt " + receipt, e);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Writes a receipt for a successful migration from the legacy source file.
-    static void save(Path receipt, Path source) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(receipt);
-        Objects.requireNonNull(source);
-
-        try {
-            FileUtils.saveSafely(receipt, JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(create(source, Instant.now().toString())));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to write migration receipt " + receipt, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this receipt matches another legacy source content fingerprint.
-    private boolean matches(MigrationReceipt current) {
-        return sourceSHA256 != null && Objects.equals(sourceSHA256, current.sourceSHA256);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates receipt content for the current source file state.
-    private static MigrationReceipt create(Path source) throws IOException {
-        return create(source, null);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates receipt content for the current source file state and migration time.
-    private static MigrationReceipt create(Path source, @Nullable String migratedAt) throws IOException {
-        BasicFileAttributes attributes = Files.readAttributes(source, BasicFileAttributes.class);
-        return new MigrationReceipt(
-                attributes.size(),
-                attributes.lastModifiedTime().toString(),
-                DigestUtils.digestToString("SHA-256", source),
-                migratedAt);
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventPriority;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.RefreshedVersionsEvent;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.Version;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.WeakListenerHolder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.ToStringBuilder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableHelper;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author huangyuhui
+ */
+@JsonAdapter(Profile.Serializer.class)
+public final class Profile implements Observable {
+    private final WeakListenerHolder listenerHolder = new WeakListenerHolder();
+    private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
+
+    private final StringProperty selectedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    public StringProperty selectedVersionProperty() {
+        return selectedVersion;
+    }
+
+    public String getSelectedVersion() {
+        return selectedVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setSelectedVersion(String selectedVersion) {
+        this.selectedVersion.set(selectedVersion);
+    }
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<Path> gameDir;
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Path> gameDirProperty() {
+        return gameDir;
+    }
+
+    public Path getGameDir() {
+        return gameDir.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setGameDir(Path gameDir) {
+        this.gameDir.set(gameDir);
+    }
+
+    private final ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<VersionSetting> global = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>(this, "global");
+
+    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<VersionSetting> globalProperty() {
+        return global.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    public VersionSetting getGlobal() {
+        return global.get();
+    }
+
+    private final SimpleStringProperty name;
+
+    public StringProperty nameProperty() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name.set(name);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty useRelativePath = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "useRelativePath", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty useRelativePathProperty() {
+        return useRelativePath;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isUseRelativePath() {
+        return useRelativePath.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setUseRelativePath(boolean useRelativePath) {
+        this.useRelativePath.set(useRelativePath);
+    }
+
+    public Profile(String name) {
+        this(name, Path.of(".minecraft"));
+    }
+
+    public Profile(String name, Path initialGameDir) {
+        this(name, initialGameDir, new VersionSetting());
+    }
+
+    public Profile(String name, Path initialGameDir, VersionSetting global) {
+        this(name, initialGameDir, global, null, false);
+    }
+
+    public Profile(String name, Path initialGameDir, VersionSetting global, String selectedVersion, boolean useRelativePath) {
+        this.name = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "name", name);
+        gameDir = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "gameDir", initialGameDir);
+        repository = new HMCLGameRepository(this, initialGameDir);
+        this.global.set(global == null ? new VersionSetting() : global);
+        this.selectedVersion.set(selectedVersion);
+        this.useRelativePath.set(useRelativePath);
+
+        gameDir.addListener((a, b, newValue) -> repository.changeDirectory(newValue));
+        this.selectedVersion.addListener(o -> checkSelectedVersion());
+        listenerHolder.add(EventBus.EVENT_BUS.channel(RefreshedVersionsEvent.class).registerWeak(event -> checkSelectedVersion(), EventPriority.HIGHEST));
+
+        addPropertyChangedListener(onInvalidating(this::invalidate));
+    }
+
+    private void checkSelectedVersion() {
+        runInFX(() -> {
+            if (!repository.isLoaded()) return;
+            String newValue = selectedVersion.get();
+            if (!repository.hasVersion(newValue)) {
+                Optional<String> version = repository.getVersions().stream().findFirst().map(Version::getId);
+                if (version.isPresent())
+                    selectedVersion.setValue(version.get());
+                else if (newValue != null)
+                    selectedVersion.setValue(null);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public HMCLGameRepository getRepository() {
+        return repository;
+    }
+
+    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency() {
+        return getDependency(DownloadProviders.getDownloadProvider());
+    }
+
+    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency(DownloadProvider downloadProvider) {
+        return new DefaultDependencyManager(repository, downloadProvider, HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
+    }
+
+    public VersionSetting getVersionSetting(String id) {
+        return repository.getVersionSetting(id);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
+                .append("gameDir", getGameDir())
+                .append("name", getName())
+                .append("useRelativePath", isUseRelativePath())
+                .toString();
+    }
+
+    private void addPropertyChangedListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        name.addListener(listener);
+        global.addListener(listener);
+        gameDir.addListener(listener);
+        useRelativePath.addListener(listener);
+        global.get().addListener(listener);
+        selectedVersion.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    private ObservableHelper observableHelper = new ObservableHelper(this);
+
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        observableHelper.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        observableHelper.removeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    private void invalidate() {
+        Platform.runLater(observableHelper::invalidate);
+    }
+
+    public static class ProfileVersion {
+        private final Profile profile;
+        private final String version;
+
+        public ProfileVersion(Profile profile, String version) {
+            this.profile = profile;
+            this.version = version;
+        }
+
+        public Profile getProfile() {
+            return profile;
+        }
+
+        public String getVersion() {
+            return version;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<Profile>, JsonDeserializer<Profile> {
+        @Override
+        public JsonElement serialize(Profile src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
+            if (src == null)
+                return JsonNull.INSTANCE;
+
+            JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
+            jsonObject.add("global", context.serialize(src.getGlobal()));
+            jsonObject.addProperty("gameDir", src.getGameDir().toString());
+            jsonObject.addProperty("useRelativePath", src.isUseRelativePath());
+            jsonObject.addProperty("selectedMinecraftVersion", src.getSelectedVersion());
+
+            return jsonObject;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Profile deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
+            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject obj)) return null;
+            String gameDir = Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("gameDir")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse("");
+
+            return new Profile("Default",
+                    Path.of(gameDir),
+                    context.deserialize(obj.get("global"), VersionSetting.class),
+                    Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("selectedMinecraftVersion")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""),
+                    Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useRelativePath")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+        }
+
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.RefreshedVersionsEvent;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import static javafx.collections.FXCollections.observableArrayList;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+
+public final class Profiles {
+
+    public static final String DEFAULT_PROFILE = "Default";
+    public static final String HOME_PROFILE = "Home";
+
+    private Profiles() {
+    }
+
+    public static String getProfileDisplayName(Profile profile) {
+        return switch (profile.getName()) {
+            case Profiles.DEFAULT_PROFILE -> i18n("profile.default");
+            case Profiles.HOME_PROFILE -> i18n("profile.home");
+            default -> profile.getName();
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static final ObservableList<Profile> profiles = observableArrayList(profile -> new Observable[] { profile });
+    private static final ReadOnlyListWrapper<Profile> profilesWrapper = new ReadOnlyListWrapper<>(profiles);
+
+    private static final ObjectProperty<Profile> selectedProfile = new SimpleObjectProperty<Profile>() {
+        {
+            profiles.addListener(onInvalidating(this::invalidated));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void invalidated() {
+            if (!initialized)
+                return;
+
+            Profile profile = get();
+
+            if (profiles.isEmpty()) {
+                if (profile != null) {
+                    set(null);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!profiles.contains(profile)) {
+                    set(profiles.get(0));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            config().setSelectedProfile(profile == null ? "" : profile.getName());
+            if (profile != null) {
+                if (profile.getRepository().isLoaded())
+                    selectedVersion.bind(profile.selectedVersionProperty());
+                else {
+                    selectedVersion.unbind();
+                    selectedVersion.set(null);
+                    // bind when repository was reloaded.
+                    profile.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync().start();
+                }
+            } else {
+                selectedVersion.unbind();
+                selectedVersion.set(null);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private static void checkProfiles() {
+        if (profiles.isEmpty()) {
+            Profile current = new Profile(Profiles.DEFAULT_PROFILE, Path.of(".minecraft"), new VersionSetting(), null, true);
+            Profile home = new Profile(Profiles.HOME_PROFILE, Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY);
+            Platform.runLater(() -> profiles.addAll(current, home));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if {@link #init()} hasn't been called.
+     */
+    private static boolean initialized = false;
+
+    static {
+        profiles.addListener(onInvalidating(Profiles::updateProfileStorages));
+        profiles.addListener(onInvalidating(Profiles::checkProfiles));
+
+        selectedProfile.addListener((a, b, newValue) -> {
+            if (newValue != null)
+                newValue.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync().start();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static void updateProfileStorages() {
+        // don't update the underlying storage before data loading is completed
+        // otherwise it might cause data loss
+        if (!initialized)
+            return;
+        // update storage
+        TreeMap<String, Profile> newConfigurations = new TreeMap<>();
+        for (Profile profile : profiles) {
+            newConfigurations.put(profile.getName(), profile);
+        }
+        config().getConfigurations().setValue(FXCollections.observableMap(newConfigurations));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when it's ready to load profiles from {@link ConfigHolder#config()}.
+     */
+    static void init() {
+        if (initialized)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized");
+
+        HashSet<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        config().getConfigurations().forEach((name, profile) -> {
+            if (!names.add(name)) return;
+            profiles.add(profile);
+            profile.setName(name);
+        });
+        checkProfiles();
+
+        // Platform.runLater is necessary or profiles will be empty
+        // since checkProfiles adds 2 base profile later.
+        Platform.runLater(() -> {
+            initialized = true;
+
+            selectedProfile.set(
+                    profiles.stream()
+                            .filter(it -> it.getName().equals(config().getSelectedProfile()))
+                            .findFirst()
+                            .orElse(profiles.get(0)));
+        });
+
+        EventBus.EVENT_BUS.channel(RefreshedVersionsEvent.class).registerWeak(event -> {
+            runInFX(() -> {
+                Profile profile = selectedProfile.get();
+                if (profile != null && profile.getRepository() == event.getSource()) {
+                    selectedVersion.bind(profile.selectedVersionProperty());
+                    for (Consumer<Profile> listener : versionsListeners)
+                        listener.accept(profile);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    public static ObservableList<Profile> getProfiles() {
+        return profiles;
+    }
+
+    public static ReadOnlyListProperty<Profile> profilesProperty() {
+        return profilesWrapper.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    public static Profile getSelectedProfile() {
+        return selectedProfile.get();
+    }
+
+    public static void setSelectedProfile(Profile profile) {
+        selectedProfile.set(profile);
+    }
+
+    public static ObjectProperty<Profile> selectedProfileProperty() {
+        return selectedProfile;
+    }
+
+    private static final ReadOnlyStringWrapper selectedVersion = new ReadOnlyStringWrapper();
+
+    public static ReadOnlyStringProperty selectedVersionProperty() {
+        return selectedVersion.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    // Guaranteed that the repository is loaded.
+    public static String getSelectedVersion() {
+        return selectedVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    private static final List<Consumer<Profile>> versionsListeners = new ArrayList<>(4);
+
+    public static void registerVersionsListener(Consumer<Profile> listener) {
+        Profile profile = getSelectedProfile();
+        if (profile != null && profile.getRepository().isLoaded())
+            listener.accept(profile);
+        versionsListeners.add(listener);
+    }
+}
@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonNull;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
-import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
-import java.security.SecureRandom;
-import java.util.Base64;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores a JSON payload using HMCL's portable protection envelope.
-///
-/// This class is responsible for wrapping payloads with a protection marker and revealing them according to that
-/// marker. Protection modes define whether and how a payload is stored.
-@NotNullByDefault
-final class ProtectedPayload {
-
-    /// The JSON member containing the protection marker.
-    static final String PROPERTY_PROTECTION = "protection";
-
-    /// The JSON member containing the envelope payload.
-    static final String PROPERTY_PAYLOAD = "payload";
-
-    /// The JSON member containing the Base64-encoded encryption nonce.
-    static final String PROPERTY_NONCE = "nonce";
-
-    /// Prevents instantiation.
-    private ProtectedPayload() {
-    }
-
-    /// Selects how a protected payload is stored in its JSON envelope.
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    enum ProtectionMode {
-        /// Stores the payload as plain JSON for development and diagnostics.
-        PLAIN("plain") {
-            /// Writes the payload into the given envelope.
-            @Override
-            protected void writePayload(JsonObject envelope, JsonElement payload) {
-                envelope.addProperty(PROPERTY_PROTECTION, id());
-                envelope.add(PROPERTY_PAYLOAD, payload);
-            }
-
-            /// Reads the payload from the given envelope.
-            @Override
-            protected JsonElement readPayload(JsonObject envelope) {
-                JsonElement payload = envelope.get(PROPERTY_PAYLOAD);
-                if (payload == null) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Missing payload");
-                }
-                return payload;
-            }
-        },
-
-        /// Stores the payload as a portable weakly encrypted envelope.
-        ///
-        /// The payload is encrypted with a built-in application key, Base64-encoded, and split into padded strings. This
-        /// avoids storing private data as directly readable JSON, but it should not be treated as device-bound secret
-        /// storage. The nonce is stored separately, while the payload lanes store `ciphertext || authentication tag`.
-        OBFUSCATED_V1("hmcl-obfuscated-v1") {
-            /// The number of lanes used by the obfuscated payload.
-            private static final int OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT = 4;
-
-            /// The number of padding elements stored before each lane.
-            private static final int LANE_PADDING_COUNT = 63;
-
-            /// The number of elements written in an obfuscated payload array.
-            private static final int WRITTEN_OBFUSCATED_PAYLOAD_SIZE = 256;
-
-            /// The JCA transformation used for payload encryption.
-            private static final String CIPHER_TRANSFORMATION = "ChaCha20-Poly1305";
-
-            /// The ChaCha20-Poly1305 nonce size in bytes.
-            private static final int NONCE_SIZE = 12;
-
-            /// The random source used to create payload nonces.
-            private static final SecureRandom SECURE_RANDOM = new SecureRandom();
-
-            /// The built-in application key used by this weak portable protection mode.
-            static final SecretKeySpec PROTECTION_KEY = new SecretKeySpec(new byte[]{
-                    (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0xd8, (byte) 0xa2, (byte) 0x22,
-                    (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0x8d, (byte) 0x89,
-                    (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0xf7, (byte) 0xd9, (byte) 0xb0,
-                    (byte) 0x65, (byte) 0xbc, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x8a,
-                    (byte) 0x6e, (byte) 0xb0, (byte) 0xa9, (byte) 0x4d,
-                    (byte) 0xeb, (byte) 0x93, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0x6f,
-                    (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x07, (byte) 0x5a, (byte) 0x9e,
-                    (byte) 0xbd, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0xd1, (byte) 0xeb
-            }, "ChaCha20");
-
-            /// Encrypts the plain payload bytes.
-            ///
-            /// @param payload the plain payload bytes
-            /// @param nonce the encryption nonce
-            /// @return the encrypted payload bytes with the authentication tag appended
-            /// @throws JsonParseException if the cipher is not available
-            private byte[] encryptPayload(byte[] payload, byte[] nonce) {
-                try {
-                    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANSFORMATION);
-                    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, PROTECTION_KEY, new IvParameterSpec(nonce));
-                    return cipher.doFinal(payload);
-                } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Failed to protect JSON payload", e);
-                }
-            }
-
-            /// Decrypts the protected payload bytes.
-            ///
-            /// @param payload the encrypted payload bytes with the authentication tag appended
-            /// @param nonce the encryption nonce
-            /// @return the plain payload bytes
-            /// @throws JsonParseException if the payload cannot be decrypted
-            private byte[] decryptPayload(byte[] payload, byte[] nonce) {
-                try {
-                    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANSFORMATION);
-                    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, PROTECTION_KEY, new IvParameterSpec(nonce));
-                    return cipher.doFinal(payload);
-                } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Failed to reveal protected JSON payload", e);
-                }
-            }
-
-            /// Returns the payload array index storing one lane in an effective payload window.
-            ///
-            /// @param laneIndex the lane index
-            /// @param payloadSize the effective payload window size
-            /// @return the payload array index
-            private static int lanePayloadIndex(int laneIndex, int payloadSize) {
-                int segmentSize = payloadSize / OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT;
-                return (laneIndex + 1) * segmentSize - 1;
-            }
-
-            /// Splits a Base64 payload into padded lanes.
-            ///
-            /// @param payload the Base64 payload to split
-            /// @return the padded payload lanes
-            private static JsonArray splitObfuscatedPayload(String payload) {
-                int laneLength = payload.length() / OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT;
-                JsonArray result = new JsonArray(WRITTEN_OBFUSCATED_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
-                for (int laneIndex = 0; laneIndex < OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT; laneIndex++) {
-                    int start = laneIndex * laneLength;
-                    String lane = payload.substring(start, start + laneLength);
-                    for (int i = 0; i < LANE_PADDING_COUNT; i++) {
-                        result.add(JsonNull.INSTANCE);
-                    }
-                    result.add(lane);
-                }
-                return result;
-            }
-
-            /// Joins Base64 payload lanes from the envelope.
-            ///
-            /// @param envelope the envelope object to read from
-            /// @return the restored Base64 payload
-            /// @throws JsonParseException if the payload lanes are missing or malformed
-            private static String joinObfuscatedPayload(JsonObject envelope) {
-                if (!(envelope.get(PROPERTY_PAYLOAD) instanceof JsonArray lanes)
-                        || lanes.size() < OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Missing payload or payload array is too small");
-                }
-
-                int effectivePayloadSize = Integer.highestOneBit(lanes.size());
-                String[] laneTexts = new String[OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT];
-                int totalLength = 0;
-                for (int i = 0; i < OBFUSCATED_LANE_COUNT; i++) {
-                    int payloadIndex = lanePayloadIndex(i, effectivePayloadSize);
-                    JsonElement lane = lanes.get(payloadIndex);
-                    if (!lane.isJsonPrimitive() || !lane.getAsJsonPrimitive().isString()) {
-                        throw new JsonParseException("Protected payload lane is not a string");
-                    }
-
-                    laneTexts[i] = lane.getAsString();
-                    totalLength += laneTexts[i].length();
-                }
-
-                StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(totalLength);
-                for (String laneText : laneTexts) {
-                    result.append(laneText);
-                }
-                return result.toString();
-            }
-
-            /// Writes the payload into the given envelope.
-            @Override
-            protected void writePayload(JsonObject envelope, JsonElement payload) {
-                byte[] nonce = new byte[NONCE_SIZE];
-                SECURE_RANDOM.nextBytes(nonce);
-                writePayload(envelope, payload, nonce);
-            }
-
-            /// Writes the payload into the given envelope with a caller-provided nonce.
-            @Override
-            protected void writePayload(JsonObject envelope, JsonElement payload, byte[] nonce) {
-                if (nonce.length != NONCE_SIZE) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Protected payload nonce has invalid length");
-                }
-
-                String payloadText = JsonUtils.UGLY_GSON.toJson(payload);
-                byte[] payloadBytes = payloadText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-                byte[] encryptedPayload = encryptPayload(payloadBytes, nonce);
-                String actualPayload = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedPayload);
-
-                envelope.addProperty(PROPERTY_PROTECTION, id());
-                envelope.add(PROPERTY_PAYLOAD, splitObfuscatedPayload(actualPayload));
-                envelope.addProperty(PROPERTY_NONCE, Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(nonce));
-            }
-
-            /// Reads the payload from the given envelope.
-            @Override
-            protected JsonElement readPayload(JsonObject envelope) {
-                try {
-                    String encodedNonce = JsonUtils.getString(envelope, PROPERTY_NONCE);
-                    if (encodedNonce == null) {
-                        throw new JsonParseException("Missing protected payload member: nonce");
-                    }
-
-                    byte[] nonce = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encodedNonce);
-                    if (nonce.length != NONCE_SIZE) {
-                        throw new JsonParseException("Protected payload nonce has invalid length");
-                    }
-
-                    String encodedPayload = joinObfuscatedPayload(envelope);
-                    byte[] encryptedPayload = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encodedPayload);
-                    byte[] payloadBytes = decryptPayload(encryptedPayload, nonce);
-                    return JsonParser.parseString(new String(payloadBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException("Failed to reveal protected JSON payload", e);
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        /// The serialized protection marker.
-        private final String id;
-
-        /// Creates a protection mode.
-        ///
-        /// @param id the serialized protection marker
-        ProtectionMode(String id) {
-            this.id = id;
-        }
-
-        /// Returns the serialized protection marker.
-        ///
-        /// @return the serialized protection marker
-        String id() {
-            return id;
-        }
-
-        /// Writes the payload into the given envelope.
-        ///
-        /// @param envelope the envelope object to write into
-        /// @param payload the plain JSON payload
-        /// @throws JsonParseException if the payload cannot be protected
-        protected abstract void writePayload(JsonObject envelope, JsonElement payload);
-
-        /// Writes the payload into the given envelope with a caller-provided nonce.
-        ///
-        /// @param envelope the envelope object to write into
-        /// @param payload the plain JSON payload
-        /// @param nonce the nonce to use for modes that require one
-        /// @throws JsonParseException if the payload cannot be protected
-        protected void writePayload(JsonObject envelope, JsonElement payload, byte[] nonce) {
-            writePayload(envelope, payload);
-        }
-
-        /// Reads the payload from the given envelope.
-        ///
-        /// @param envelope the envelope object to read from
-        /// @return the revealed JSON payload
-        /// @throws JsonParseException if the envelope is malformed or cannot be revealed
-        protected abstract JsonElement readPayload(JsonObject envelope);
-
-        /// Reads the payload from the given envelope and checks its JSON element type.
-        ///
-        /// @param envelope the envelope object to read from
-        /// @param payloadType the expected JSON element type
-        /// @return the revealed JSON payload
-        /// @param <T> the expected JSON element type
-        /// @throws JsonParseException if the envelope is malformed, cannot be revealed, or has the wrong payload type
-        public final <T extends JsonElement> T read(JsonObject envelope, Class<T> payloadType) {
-            Objects.requireNonNull(payloadType);
-            JsonElement payload = readPayload(envelope);
-            if (!payloadType.isInstance(payload)) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Protected payload is not a " + payloadType.getSimpleName());
-            }
-            return payloadType.cast(payload);
-        }
-
-        /// Returns the write mode selected by a configuration value.
-        ///
-        /// Unknown values intentionally fall back to obfuscation so opt-in plain storage cannot be enabled by typos.
-        ///
-        /// @param id the configured protection marker
-        /// @return the selected write mode
-        static ProtectionMode fromConfiguredId(@Nullable String id) {
-            for (ProtectionMode mode : values()) {
-                if (mode.id.equals(id)) {
-                    return mode;
-                }
-            }
-            return OBFUSCATED_V1;
-        }
-
-        /// Reads the protection mode from an envelope.
-        ///
-        /// @param envelope the envelope object to inspect
-        /// @return the protection mode declared by the envelope
-        /// @throws JsonParseException if the declared protection mode is unsupported
-        static ProtectionMode fromEnvelope(JsonObject envelope) {
-            String protection = JsonUtils.getString(envelope, PROPERTY_PROTECTION);
-            if (protection == null) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Missing protected payload member: protection");
-            }
-
-            for (ProtectionMode mode : values()) {
-                if (mode.id.equals(protection)) {
-                    return mode;
-                }
-            }
-            throw new JsonParseException("Unsupported protected payload: " + protection);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads and reveals a protected JSON payload from an envelope object.
-    ///
-    /// @param envelope the envelope object to read from
-    /// @param payloadType the expected JSON element type
-    /// @return the revealed JSON payload
-    /// @param <T> the expected JSON element type
-    /// @throws JsonParseException if the envelope is malformed or cannot be revealed
-    static <T extends JsonElement> T read(JsonObject envelope, Class<T> payloadType) throws JsonParseException {
-        return ProtectionMode.fromEnvelope(envelope).read(envelope, payloadType);
-    }
-
-}
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import java.net.*;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 public final class ProxyManager {
@@ -48,32 +48,28 @@ public final class ProxyManager {
    private static volatile @Nullable SimpleAuthenticator defaultAuthenticator = null;

    private static ProxySelector getProxySelector() {
-        ProxyType proxyType = settings().proxyTypeProperty().get();
-        return switch (proxyType) {
-            case SYSTEM -> ProxyManager.SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
-            case DIRECT -> NO_PROXY;
-            case HTTP, SOCKS -> {
-                String host = settings().proxyHostProperty().get();
-                int port = settings().proxyPortProperty().get();
+        if (config().hasProxy()) {
+            Proxy.Type proxyType = config().getProxyType();
+            String host = config().getProxyHost();
+            int port = config().getProxyPort();

-                if (StringUtils.isBlank(host)) {
-                    yield NO_PROXY;
-                } else if (port < 0 || port > 0xFFFF) {
-                    LOG.warning("Illegal proxy port: " + port);
-                    yield NO_PROXY;
-                } else {
-                    yield new ProxySelectorWrapper(new SimpleProxySelector(new Proxy(
-                            Objects.requireNonNull(proxyType.jdkType()),
-                            new InetSocketAddress(host, port))));
-                }
+            if (proxyType == Proxy.Type.DIRECT || StringUtils.isBlank(host)) {
+                return NO_PROXY;
+            } else if (port < 0 || port > 0xFFFF) {
+                LOG.warning("Illegal proxy port: " + port);
+                return NO_PROXY;
+            } else {
+                return new ProxySelectorWrapper(new SimpleProxySelector(new Proxy(proxyType, new InetSocketAddress(host, port))));
            }
-        };
+        } else {
+            return ProxyManager.SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
+        }
    }

    private static SimpleAuthenticator getAuthenticator() {
-        if (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get().usesCustomAddress() && settings().hasProxyAuthProperty().get()) {
-            String username = settings().proxyUserProperty().get();
-            String password = settings().proxyPasswordProperty().get();
+        if (config().hasProxy() && config().hasProxyAuth()) {
+            String username = config().getProxyUser();
+            String password = config().getProxyPass();

            if (username != null || password != null)
                return new SimpleAuthenticator(
@@ -86,8 +82,7 @@ public final class ProxyManager {
            return null;
    }

-    /// Installs proxy and authentication handlers backed by launcher settings.
-    public static void init() {
+    static void init() {
        ProxySelector.setDefault(new ProxySelector() {
            @Override
            public List<Proxy> select(URI uri) {
@@ -109,16 +104,17 @@ public final class ProxyManager {

        defaultProxySelector = getProxySelector();
        InvalidationListener updateProxySelector = observable -> defaultProxySelector = getProxySelector();
-        settings().proxyTypeProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
-        settings().proxyHostProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
-        settings().proxyPortProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
+        config().proxyTypeProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
+        config().proxyHostProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
+        config().proxyPortProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);
+        config().hasProxyProperty().addListener(updateProxySelector);

        defaultAuthenticator = getAuthenticator();
        InvalidationListener updateAuthenticator = observable -> defaultAuthenticator = getAuthenticator();
-        settings().proxyTypeProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
-        settings().hasProxyAuthProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
-        settings().proxyUserProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
-        settings().proxyPasswordProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
+        config().hasProxyProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
+        config().hasProxyAuthProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
+        config().proxyUserProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);
+        config().proxyPassProperty().addListener(updateAuthenticator);

        FetchTask.notifyInitialized();
    }
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.net.Proxy;
-
-/// Launcher proxy selection mode.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum ProxyType {
-    /// Use the proxy selector provided by the host JVM or operating system.
-    SYSTEM(null),
-
-    /// Disable proxy usage explicitly.
-    DIRECT(Proxy.Type.DIRECT),
-
-    /// Use a manually configured HTTP proxy.
-    HTTP(Proxy.Type.HTTP),
-
-    /// Use a manually configured SOCKS proxy.
-    SOCKS(Proxy.Type.SOCKS);
-
-    /// The matching JDK proxy type, or `null` when this mode does not map to a concrete proxy.
-    private final @Nullable Proxy.Type jdkType;
-
-    /// Creates a proxy selection mode.
-    ///
-    /// @param jdkType the matching JDK proxy type, or `null` when this mode does not map to a concrete proxy
-    ProxyType(@Nullable Proxy.Type jdkType) {
-        this.jdkType = jdkType;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the matching JDK proxy type.
-    ///
-    /// @return the JDK proxy type, or `null` when this mode does not map to a concrete proxy
-    public @Nullable Proxy.Type jdkType() {
-        return jdkType;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this mode needs a custom proxy host and port.
-    public boolean usesCustomAddress() {
-        return this == HTTP || this == SOCKS;
-    }
-}
@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

 public final class SambaException extends RuntimeException {
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Describes whether a settings file can be read and safely overwritten by this HMCL version.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum SettingFileAccess {
-    /// The file can be read and overwritten safely.
-    READ_WRITE,
-
-    /// The file can be read but must not be overwritten automatically.
-    READ_ONLY,
-
-    /// The file cannot be read safely and must not be overwritten automatically.
-    UNREADABLE;
-
-    /// Returns whether this access mode permits saving the file.
-    public boolean canSave() {
-        return this == READ_WRITE;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this access mode blocks normal editing of the owning feature.
-    public boolean blocksEditing() {
-        return this != READ_WRITE;
-    }
-}
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Utility methods shared by launcher settings files.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class SettingFileUtils {
-    /// Prevents instantiation.
-    private SettingFileUtils() {
-    }
-
-    /// Moves an invalid config file to a numbered backup path (for example `launcher-settings.json.1`)
-    /// so the original bytes are preserved for diagnosis before the next successful overwrite.
-    public static void backupInvalidConfig(Path location) {
-        try {
-            Path backup = null;
-            for (int i = 1; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
-                Path candidate = location.resolveSibling(location.getFileName() + "." + i);
-                if (!Files.exists(candidate)) {
-                    backup = candidate;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (backup == null) {
-                LOG.warning("Could not find an available backup path for " + location);
-                return;
-            }
-            Files.move(location, backup, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
-            LOG.info("Backed up invalid config to " + backup);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to back up invalid config " + location, e);
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+
+public final class Settings {
+
+    private static Settings instance;
+
+    public static Settings instance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Settings hasn't been initialized");
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should be called from {@link ConfigHolder#init()}.
+     */
+    static void init() {
+        instance = new Settings();
+    }
+
+    private Settings() {
+        DownloadProviders.init();
+        ProxyManager.init();
+        Accounts.init();
+        Profiles.init();
+        AuthlibInjectorServers.init();
+        AnimationUtils.init();
+
+        CacheRepository.setInstance(HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
+        HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY.directoryProperty().bind(Bindings.createStringBinding(() -> {
+            if (FileUtils.canCreateDirectory(getCommonDirectory())) {
+                return getCommonDirectory();
+            } else {
+                return getDefaultCommonDirectory();
+            }
+        }, config().commonDirectoryProperty(), config().commonDirTypeProperty()));
+    }
+
+    public static String getDefaultCommonDirectory() {
+        return Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY.toString();
+    }
+
+    public String getCommonDirectory() {
+        switch (config().getCommonDirType()) {
+            case DEFAULT:
+                return getDefaultCommonDirectory();
+            case CUSTOM:
+                return config().getCommonDirectory();
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -25,15 +25,22 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import org.glavo.monetfx.Brightness;
 import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorRole;
 import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorScheme;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ResolvedTheme;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Theme;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;

+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Base64;
 import java.util.Locale;

+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
 /**
 * @author Glavo
 */
@@ -60,8 +67,23 @@ public final class StyleSheets {
        });
    }

-    private static String toStyleSheetUri(String styleSheet) {
-        return "data:text/css;charset=UTF-8;base64," + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(styleSheet.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    private static String toStyleSheetUri(String styleSheet, String fallback) {
+        if (FXUtils.JAVAFX_MAJOR_VERSION >= 17)
+            // JavaFX 17+ support loading stylesheets from data URIs
+            // https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8267554
+            return "data:text/css;charset=UTF-8;base64," + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(styleSheet.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        else
+            try {
+                Path temp = Files.createTempFile("hmcl", ".css");
+                // For JavaFX 17 or earlier, CssParser uses the default charset
+                // https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8279328
+                Files.writeString(temp, styleSheet, Charset.defaultCharset());
+                temp.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+                return temp.toUri().toString();
+            } catch (IOException | NullPointerException e) {
+                LOG.error("Unable to create stylesheet, fallback to " + fallback, e);
+                return fallback;
+            }
    }

    private static String getFontStyleSheet() {
@@ -111,7 +133,7 @@ public final class StyleSheets {

        builder.append('}');

-        return toStyleSheetUri(builder.toString());
+        return toStyleSheetUri(builder.toString(), defaultCss);
    }

    private static String getBrightnessStyleSheet() {
@@ -139,7 +161,7 @@ public final class StyleSheets {
    private static String getThemeStyleSheet() {
        final String blueCss = "/assets/css/blue.css";

-        if (ResolvedTheme.DEFAULT.equals(Themes.getTheme()))
+        if (Theme.DEFAULT.equals(Themes.getTheme()))
            return blueCss;

        ColorScheme scheme = Themes.getColorScheme();
@@ -162,7 +184,7 @@ public final class StyleSheets {
        addColor(builder, scheme, ColorRole.INVERSE_SURFACE, 0.8);

        builder.append("}\n");
-        return toStyleSheetUri(builder.toString());
+        return toStyleSheetUri(builder.toString(), blueCss);
    }

    public static void init(Scene scene) {
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Selects the source used to choose the launcher Monet theme color seed.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum ThemeColorType {
-    /// Uses the built-in launcher default theme color.
-    DEFAULT,
-
-    /// Follows the accent color provided by the operating system.
-    SYSTEM,
-
-    /// Uses the custom launcher theme color selected by the user.
-    CUSTOM,
-
-    /// Extracts the launcher theme color from the current background when possible.
-    BACKGROUND
-}
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.*;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.*;
-
-/// Stores launcher settings shared by all workspaces for the current user.
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonAdapter(UserSettings.Adapter.class)
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class UserSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this user settings store.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("user-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Deserializes user settings from JSON.
-    ///
-    /// @param json the JSON content to parse
-    /// @return the parsed settings, or {@code null} when the JSON value is {@code null}
-    public static @Nullable UserSettings fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
-        return JsonUtils.fromJson(JsonUtils.GSON, json, UserSettings.class);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates empty user settings with default values.
-    public UserSettings() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Serializes these settings to JSON.
-    public String toJson() {
-        return JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(this);
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this user settings file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this user settings file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this user settings file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this user settings store may be saved back to `config/user-settings.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/user-settings.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this user settings store may be saved back to `config/user-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this user settings store may be saved back to `config/user-settings.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/user-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/user-settings.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// The number of launcher log files to retain.
-    @SerializedName("logRetention")
-    private final IntegerProperty logRetention = new SimpleIntegerProperty(20);
-
-    /// Returns the log retention property.
-    public IntegerProperty logRetentionProperty() {
-        return logRetention;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether offline accounts are enabled for this user.
-    @SerializedName("enableOfflineAccount")
-    private final BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccount = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    /// Returns the offline account enablement property.
-    public BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccountProperty() {
-        return enableOfflineAccount;
-    }
-
-    /// The JavaFX font antialiasing mode override.
-    @SerializedName("fontAntiAliasing")
-    private final StringProperty fontAntiAliasing = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the JavaFX font antialiasing mode override property.
-    public StringProperty fontAntiAliasingProperty() {
-        return fontAntiAliasing;
-    }
-
-    /// User-added Java executable paths.
-    @SerializedName("userJava")
-    private final ObservableSet<String> userJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
-
-    /// Returns user-added Java executable paths.
-    public ObservableSet<String> getUserJava() {
-        return userJava;
-    }
-
-    /// Disabled Java executable paths.
-    @SerializedName("disabledJava")
-    private final ObservableSet<String> disabledJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
-
-    /// Returns disabled Java executable paths.
-    public ObservableSet<String> getDisabledJava() {
-        return disabledJava;
-    }
-
-    /// Gson adapter for observable user settings.
-    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<UserSettings> {
-        /// Creates an empty user settings instance during deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected UserSettings createInstance() {
-            return new UserSettings();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.property.IntegerProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleIntegerProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Stores launcher state shared by all workspaces for the current user.
-@NotNullByDefault
-@JsonAdapter(UserState.Adapter.class)
-@JsonSerializable
-public final class UserState extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
-    /// The JSON schema supported by this user state store.
-    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
-            new JsonSchema("user-state", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
-
-    /// Deserializes user state from JSON.
-    ///
-    /// @param json the JSON content to parse
-    /// @return the parsed state, or {@code null} when the JSON value is {@code null}
-    public static @Nullable UserState fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
-        return JsonUtils.fromJson(JsonUtils.GSON, json, UserState.class);
-    }
-
-    /// Creates empty user state with default values.
-    public UserState() {
-        tracker.markDirty(schema);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    /// Serializes this state to JSON.
-    public String toJson() {
-        return JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(this);
-    }
-
-    /// The schema used by this user state file.
-    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
-    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
-
-    /// Returns the schema property.
-    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
-        return schema;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the schema used by this user state file.
-    @Override
-    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
-        return schema.get();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the schema used by this user state file.
-    @Override
-    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
-        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this user state store may be saved back to `state/user-state.json`.
-    private transient boolean savable = true;
-
-    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/user-state.json` first.
-    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
-
-    /// Returns whether this user state store may be saved back to `state/user-state.json`.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isSavable() {
-        return savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether this user state store may be saved back to `state/user-state.json`.
-    @Override
-    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
-        this.savable = savable;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/user-state.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
-        return backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/user-state.json` first.
-    @Override
-    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
-        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
-    }
-
-    /// The accepted launcher agreement version.
-    @SerializedName("agreementVersion")
-    private final IntegerProperty agreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the accepted launcher agreement version property.
-    public IntegerProperty agreementVersionProperty() {
-        return agreementVersion;
-    }
-
-    /// The accepted Terracotta agreement version.
-    @SerializedName("terracottaAgreementVersion")
-    private final IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the accepted Terracotta agreement version property.
-    public IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersionProperty() {
-        return terracottaAgreementVersion;
-    }
-
-    /// The platform prompt version shown to the user.
-    @SerializedName("platformPromptVersion")
-    private final IntegerProperty platformPromptVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    /// Returns the platform prompt version property.
-    public IntegerProperty platformPromptVersionProperty() {
-        return platformPromptVersion;
-    }
-
-    /// Gson adapter for observable user state.
-    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<UserState> {
-        /// Creates an empty user state instance during deserialization.
-        @Override
-        protected UserState createInstance() {
-            return new UserState();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

 import javafx.scene.image.Image;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.mod.ModLoaderType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModLoaderType;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;

 public enum VersionIconType {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public enum VersionIconType {
    public static VersionIconType getIconType(ModLoaderType modLoaderType) {
        return switch (modLoaderType) {
            case FORGE -> VersionIconType.FORGE;
-            case NEO_FORGE -> VersionIconType.NEO_FORGE;
+            case NEO_FORGED -> VersionIconType.NEO_FORGE;
            case FABRIC -> VersionIconType.FABRIC;
            case QUILT -> VersionIconType.QUILT;
            case LITE_LOADER -> VersionIconType.CHICKEN;
@@ -0,0 +1,944 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableHelper;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.PropertyUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/**
+ * @author huangyuhui
+ */
+@JsonAdapter(VersionSetting.Serializer.class)
+public final class VersionSetting implements Cloneable, Observable {
+
+    private static final int SUGGESTED_MEMORY;
+
+    static {
+        double totalMemoryMB = MEGABYTES.convertFromBytes(SystemInfo.getTotalMemorySize());
+        SUGGESTED_MEMORY = totalMemoryMB >= 32768
+                ? 8192
+                : Integer.max((int) (Math.round(totalMemoryMB / 4.0 / 128.0) * 128), 256);
+    }
+
+    private final transient ObservableHelper helper = new ObservableHelper(this);
+
+    public VersionSetting() {
+        PropertyUtils.attachListener(this, helper);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty usesGlobalProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "usesGlobal", true);
+
+    public BooleanProperty usesGlobalProperty() {
+        return usesGlobalProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * HMCL Version Settings have been divided into 2 parts.
+     * 1. Global settings.
+     * 2. Version settings.
+     * If a version claims that it uses global settings, its version setting will be disabled.
+     * <p>
+     * Defaults false because if one version uses global first, custom version file will not be generated.
+     */
+    public boolean isUsesGlobal() {
+        return usesGlobalProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setUsesGlobal(boolean usesGlobal) {
+        usesGlobalProperty.set(usesGlobal);
+    }
+
+    // java
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<JavaVersionType> javaVersionTypeProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "javaVersionType", JavaVersionType.AUTO);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<JavaVersionType> javaVersionTypeProperty() {
+        return javaVersionTypeProperty;
+    }
+
+    public JavaVersionType getJavaVersionType() {
+        return javaVersionTypeProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType javaVersionType) {
+        javaVersionTypeProperty.set(javaVersionType);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty javaVersionProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "javaVersion", "");
+
+    public StringProperty javaVersionProperty() {
+        return javaVersionProperty;
+    }
+
+    public String getJavaVersion() {
+        return javaVersionProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaVersion(String java) {
+        javaVersionProperty.set(java);
+    }
+
+    public void setUsesCustomJavaDir() {
+        setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType.CUSTOM);
+        setJavaVersion("");
+        setDefaultJavaPath(null);
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaAutoSelected() {
+        setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType.AUTO);
+        setJavaVersion("");
+        setDefaultJavaPath(null);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty defaultJavaPathProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "defaultJavaPath", "");
+
+    /**
+     * Path to Java executable, or null if user customizes java directory.
+     * It's used to determine which JRE to use when multiple JREs match the selected Java version.
+     */
+    public String getDefaultJavaPath() {
+        return defaultJavaPathProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public StringProperty defaultJavaPathPropertyProperty() {
+        return defaultJavaPathProperty;
+    }
+
+    public void setDefaultJavaPath(String defaultJavaPath) {
+        defaultJavaPathProperty.set(defaultJavaPath);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 0 - .minecraft/versions/&lt;version&gt;/natives/<br/>
+     */
+    private final ObjectProperty<NativesDirectoryType> nativesDirTypeProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "nativesDirType", NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<NativesDirectoryType> nativesDirTypeProperty() {
+        return nativesDirTypeProperty;
+    }
+
+    public NativesDirectoryType getNativesDirType() {
+        return nativesDirTypeProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNativesDirType(NativesDirectoryType nativesDirType) {
+        nativesDirTypeProperty.set(nativesDirType);
+    }
+
+    // Path to lwjgl natives directory
+
+    private final StringProperty nativesDirProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "nativesDirProperty", "");
+
+    public StringProperty nativesDirProperty() {
+        return nativesDirProperty;
+    }
+
+    public String getNativesDir() {
+        return nativesDirProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNativesDir(String nativesDir) {
+        nativesDirProperty.set(nativesDir);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty javaDirProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "javaDir", "");
+
+    public StringProperty javaDirProperty() {
+        return javaDirProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * User customized java directory or null if user uses system Java.
+     */
+    public String getJavaDir() {
+        return javaDirProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaDir(String javaDir) {
+        javaDirProperty.set(javaDir);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty wrapperProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "wrapper", "");
+
+    public StringProperty wrapperProperty() {
+        return wrapperProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The command to launch java, i.e. optirun.
+     */
+    public String getWrapper() {
+        return wrapperProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setWrapper(String wrapper) {
+        wrapperProperty.set(wrapper);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty permSizeProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "permSize", "");
+
+    public StringProperty permSizeProperty() {
+        return permSizeProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The permanent generation size of JVM garbage collection.
+     */
+    public String getPermSize() {
+        return permSizeProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setPermSize(String permSize) {
+        permSizeProperty.set(permSize);
+    }
+
+    private final IntegerProperty maxMemoryProperty = new SimpleIntegerProperty(this, "maxMemory", SUGGESTED_MEMORY);
+
+    public IntegerProperty maxMemoryProperty() {
+        return maxMemoryProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum memory/MB that JVM can allocate for heap.
+     */
+    public int getMaxMemory() {
+        return maxMemoryProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setMaxMemory(int maxMemory) {
+        maxMemoryProperty.set(maxMemory);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum memory that JVM can allocate for heap.
+     */
+    private final ObjectProperty<Integer> minMemoryProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "minMemory", null);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Integer> minMemoryProperty() {
+        return minMemoryProperty;
+    }
+
+    public Integer getMinMemory() {
+        return minMemoryProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setMinMemory(Integer minMemory) {
+        minMemoryProperty.set(minMemory);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty autoMemory = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "autoMemory", true);
+
+    public boolean isAutoMemory() {
+        return autoMemory.get();
+    }
+
+    public BooleanProperty autoMemoryProperty() {
+        return autoMemory;
+    }
+
+    public void setAutoMemory(boolean autoMemory) {
+        this.autoMemory.set(autoMemory);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty preLaunchCommandProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "precalledCommand", "");
+
+    public StringProperty preLaunchCommandProperty() {
+        return preLaunchCommandProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The command that will be executed before launching the Minecraft.
+     * Operating system relevant.
+     */
+    public String getPreLaunchCommand() {
+        return preLaunchCommandProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setPreLaunchCommand(String preLaunchCommand) {
+        preLaunchCommandProperty.set(preLaunchCommand);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty postExitCommand = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "postExitCommand", "");
+
+    public StringProperty postExitCommandProperty() {
+        return postExitCommand;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The command that will be executed after game exits.
+     * Operating system relevant.
+     */
+    public String getPostExitCommand() {
+        return postExitCommand.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setPostExitCommand(String postExitCommand) {
+        this.postExitCommand.set(postExitCommand);
+    }
+
+    // options
+
+    private final StringProperty javaArgsProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "javaArgs", "");
+
+    public StringProperty javaArgsProperty() {
+        return javaArgsProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The user customized arguments passed to JVM.
+     */
+    public String getJavaArgs() {
+        return javaArgsProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaArgs(String javaArgs) {
+        javaArgsProperty.set(javaArgs);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty minecraftArgsProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "minecraftArgs", "");
+
+    public StringProperty minecraftArgsProperty() {
+        return minecraftArgsProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The user customized arguments passed to Minecraft.
+     */
+    public String getMinecraftArgs() {
+        return minecraftArgsProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setMinecraftArgs(String minecraftArgs) {
+        minecraftArgsProperty.set(minecraftArgs);
+    }
+
+    private final StringProperty environmentVariablesProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "environmentVariables", "");
+
+    public StringProperty environmentVariablesProperty() {
+        return environmentVariablesProperty;
+    }
+
+    public String getEnvironmentVariables() {
+        return environmentVariablesProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setEnvironmentVariables(String env) {
+        environmentVariablesProperty.set(env);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty noJVMArgsProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "noJVMArgs", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty noJVMArgsProperty() {
+        return noJVMArgsProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if disallow HMCL use default JVM arguments.
+     */
+    public boolean isNoJVMArgs() {
+        return noJVMArgsProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNoJVMArgs(boolean noJVMArgs) {
+        noJVMArgsProperty.set(noJVMArgs);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty noOptimizingJVMArgsProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "noOptimizingJVMArgs", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty noOptimizingJVMArgsProperty() {
+        return noOptimizingJVMArgsProperty;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isNoOptimizingJVMArgs() {
+        return noOptimizingJVMArgsProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNoOptimizingJVMArgs(boolean noOptimizingJVMArgs) {
+        noOptimizingJVMArgsProperty.set(noOptimizingJVMArgs);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty notCheckJVMProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "notCheckJVM", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty notCheckJVMProperty() {
+        return notCheckJVMProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if HMCL does not check JVM validity.
+     */
+    public boolean isNotCheckJVM() {
+        return notCheckJVMProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNotCheckJVM(boolean notCheckJVM) {
+        notCheckJVMProperty.set(notCheckJVM);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty notCheckGameProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "notCheckGame", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty notCheckGameProperty() {
+        return notCheckGameProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if HMCL does not check game's completeness.
+     */
+    public boolean isNotCheckGame() {
+        return notCheckGameProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNotCheckGame(boolean notCheckGame) {
+        notCheckGameProperty.set(notCheckGame);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty notPatchNativesProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "notPatchNatives", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty notPatchNativesProperty() {
+        return notPatchNativesProperty;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isNotPatchNatives() {
+        return notPatchNativesProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setNotPatchNatives(boolean notPatchNatives) {
+        notPatchNativesProperty.set(notPatchNatives);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty showLogsProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "showLogs", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty showLogsProperty() {
+        return showLogsProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if show the logs after game launched.
+     */
+    public boolean isShowLogs() {
+        return showLogsProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setShowLogs(boolean showLogs) {
+        showLogsProperty.set(showLogs);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty enableDebugLogOutputProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "enableDebugLogOutput", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty enableDebugLogOutputProperty() {
+        return enableDebugLogOutputProperty;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEnableDebugLogOutput() {
+        return enableDebugLogOutputProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setEnableDebugLogOutput(boolean u) {
+        this.enableDebugLogOutputProperty.set(u);
+    }
+
+    // Minecraft settings.
+
+    private final StringProperty serverIpProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "serverIp", "");
+
+    public StringProperty serverIpProperty() {
+        return serverIpProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The server ip that will be entered after Minecraft successfully loaded ly.
+     * <p>
+     * Format: ip:port or without port.
+     */
+    public String getServerIp() {
+        return serverIpProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setServerIp(String serverIp) {
+        serverIpProperty.set(serverIp);
+    }
+
+
+    private final BooleanProperty fullscreenProperty = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "fullscreen", false);
+
+    public BooleanProperty fullscreenProperty() {
+        return fullscreenProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if Minecraft started in fullscreen mode.
+     */
+    public boolean isFullscreen() {
+        return fullscreenProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setFullscreen(boolean fullscreen) {
+        fullscreenProperty.set(fullscreen);
+    }
+
+    private final IntegerProperty widthProperty = new SimpleIntegerProperty(this, "width", 854);
+
+    public IntegerProperty widthProperty() {
+        return widthProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The width of Minecraft window, defaults 800.
+     * <p>
+     * The field saves int value.
+     * String type prevents unexpected value from JsonParseException.
+     * We can only reset this field instead of recreating the whole setting file.
+     */
+    public int getWidth() {
+        return widthProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setWidth(int width) {
+        widthProperty.set(width);
+    }
+
+    private final IntegerProperty heightProperty = new SimpleIntegerProperty(this, "height", 480);
+
+    public IntegerProperty heightProperty() {
+        return heightProperty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The height of Minecraft window, defaults 480.
+     * <p>
+     * The field saves int value.
+     * String type prevents unexpected value from JsonParseException.
+     * We can only reset this field instead of recreating the whole setting file.
+     */
+    public int getHeight() {
+        return heightProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setHeight(int height) {
+        heightProperty.set(height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 0 - .minecraft<br/>
+     * 1 - .minecraft/versions/&lt;version&gt;/<br/>
+     */
+    private final ObjectProperty<GameDirectoryType> gameDirTypeProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "gameDirType", GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<GameDirectoryType> gameDirTypeProperty() {
+        return gameDirTypeProperty;
+    }
+
+    public GameDirectoryType getGameDirType() {
+        return gameDirTypeProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType gameDirType) {
+        gameDirTypeProperty.set(gameDirType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Your custom gameDir
+     */
+    private final StringProperty gameDirProperty = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "gameDir", "");
+
+    public StringProperty gameDirProperty() {
+        return gameDirProperty;
+    }
+
+    public String getGameDir() {
+        return gameDirProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setGameDir(String gameDir) {
+        gameDirProperty.set(gameDir);
+    }
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<ProcessPriority> processPriorityProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "processPriority", ProcessPriority.NORMAL);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<ProcessPriority> processPriorityProperty() {
+        return processPriorityProperty;
+    }
+
+    public ProcessPriority getProcessPriority() {
+        return processPriorityProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setProcessPriority(ProcessPriority processPriority) {
+        processPriorityProperty.set(processPriority);
+    }
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<Renderer> rendererProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "renderer", Renderer.DEFAULT);
+
+    public Renderer getRenderer() {
+        return rendererProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public ObjectProperty<Renderer> rendererProperty() {
+        return rendererProperty;
+    }
+
+    public void setRenderer(Renderer renderer) {
+        this.rendererProperty.set(renderer);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty useNativeGLFW = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "nativeGLFW", false);
+
+    public boolean isUseNativeGLFW() {
+        return useNativeGLFW.get();
+    }
+
+    public BooleanProperty useNativeGLFWProperty() {
+        return useNativeGLFW;
+    }
+
+    public void setUseNativeGLFW(boolean useNativeGLFW) {
+        this.useNativeGLFW.set(useNativeGLFW);
+    }
+
+    private final BooleanProperty useNativeOpenAL = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "nativeOpenAL", false);
+
+    public boolean isUseNativeOpenAL() {
+        return useNativeOpenAL.get();
+    }
+
+    public BooleanProperty useNativeOpenALProperty() {
+        return useNativeOpenAL;
+    }
+
+    public void setUseNativeOpenAL(boolean useNativeOpenAL) {
+        this.useNativeOpenAL.set(useNativeOpenAL);
+    }
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<VersionIconType> versionIcon = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "versionIcon", VersionIconType.DEFAULT);
+
+    public VersionIconType getVersionIcon() {
+        return versionIcon.get();
+    }
+
+    public ObjectProperty<VersionIconType> versionIconProperty() {
+        return versionIcon;
+    }
+
+    public void setVersionIcon(VersionIconType versionIcon) {
+        this.versionIcon.set(versionIcon);
+    }
+
+    // launcher settings
+
+    /**
+     * 0 - Close the launcher when the game starts.<br/>
+     * 1 - Hide the launcher when the game starts.<br/>
+     * 2 - Keep the launcher open.<br/>
+     */
+    private final ObjectProperty<LauncherVisibility> launcherVisibilityProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "launcherVisibility", LauncherVisibility.HIDE);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<LauncherVisibility> launcherVisibilityProperty() {
+        return launcherVisibilityProperty;
+    }
+
+    public LauncherVisibility getLauncherVisibility() {
+        return launcherVisibilityProperty.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setLauncherVisibility(LauncherVisibility launcherVisibility) {
+        launcherVisibilityProperty.set(launcherVisibility);
+    }
+
+    public JavaRuntime getJava(GameVersionNumber gameVersion, Version version) throws InterruptedException {
+        switch (getJavaVersionType()) {
+            case DEFAULT:
+                return JavaRuntime.getDefault();
+            case AUTO:
+                return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+            case CUSTOM:
+                try {
+                    return JavaManager.getJava(Paths.get(getJavaDir()));
+                } catch (IOException | InvalidPathException e) {
+                    return null; // Custom Java not found
+                }
+            case VERSION: {
+                String javaVersion = getJavaVersion();
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(javaVersion)) {
+                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                }
+
+                int majorVersion = -1;
+                try {
+                    majorVersion = Integer.parseInt(javaVersion);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+                }
+
+                if (majorVersion < 0) {
+                    LOG.warning("Invalid Java version: " + javaVersion);
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                final int finalMajorVersion = majorVersion;
+                Collection<JavaRuntime> allJava = JavaManager.getAllJava().stream()
+                        .filter(it -> it.getParsedVersion() == finalMajorVersion)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+                return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(allJava, gameVersion, version);
+            }
+            case DETECTED: {
+                String javaVersion = getJavaVersion();
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(javaVersion)) {
+                    return JavaManager.findSuitableJava(gameVersion, version);
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    String defaultJavaPath = getDefaultJavaPath();
+                    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(defaultJavaPath)) {
+                        JavaRuntime java = JavaManager.getJava(Paths.get(defaultJavaPath).toRealPath());
+                        if (java != null && java.getVersion().equals(javaVersion)) {
+                            return java;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException | InvalidPathException ignored) {
+                }
+
+                for (JavaRuntime java : JavaManager.getAllJava()) {
+                    if (java.getVersion().equals(javaVersion)) {
+                        return java;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return null;
+            }
+            default:
+                throw new AssertionError("JavaVersionType: " + getJavaVersionType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        helper.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        helper.removeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public VersionSetting clone() {
+        VersionSetting cloned = new VersionSetting();
+        PropertyUtils.copyProperties(this, cloned);
+        return cloned;
+    }
+
+    public static class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<VersionSetting>, JsonDeserializer<VersionSetting> {
+        @Override
+        public JsonElement serialize(VersionSetting src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
+            if (src == null) return JsonNull.INSTANCE;
+            JsonObject obj = new JsonObject();
+
+            obj.addProperty("usesGlobal", src.isUsesGlobal());
+            obj.addProperty("javaArgs", src.getJavaArgs());
+            obj.addProperty("minecraftArgs", src.getMinecraftArgs());
+            obj.addProperty("environmentVariables", src.getEnvironmentVariables());
+            obj.addProperty("maxMemory", src.getMaxMemory() <= 0 ? SUGGESTED_MEMORY : src.getMaxMemory());
+            obj.addProperty("minMemory", src.getMinMemory());
+            obj.addProperty("autoMemory", src.isAutoMemory());
+            obj.addProperty("permSize", src.getPermSize());
+            obj.addProperty("width", src.getWidth());
+            obj.addProperty("height", src.getHeight());
+            obj.addProperty("javaDir", src.getJavaDir());
+            obj.addProperty("precalledCommand", src.getPreLaunchCommand());
+            obj.addProperty("postExitCommand", src.getPostExitCommand());
+            obj.addProperty("serverIp", src.getServerIp());
+            obj.addProperty("wrapper", src.getWrapper());
+            obj.addProperty("fullscreen", src.isFullscreen());
+            obj.addProperty("noJVMArgs", src.isNoJVMArgs());
+            obj.addProperty("noOptimizingJVMArgs", src.isNoOptimizingJVMArgs());
+            obj.addProperty("notCheckGame", src.isNotCheckGame());
+            obj.addProperty("notCheckJVM", src.isNotCheckJVM());
+            obj.addProperty("notPatchNatives", src.isNotPatchNatives());
+            obj.addProperty("showLogs", src.isShowLogs());
+            obj.addProperty("enableDebugLogOutput", src.isEnableDebugLogOutput());
+            obj.addProperty("gameDir", src.getGameDir());
+            obj.addProperty("launcherVisibility", src.getLauncherVisibility().ordinal());
+            obj.addProperty("processPriority", src.getProcessPriority().ordinal());
+            obj.addProperty("useNativeGLFW", src.isUseNativeGLFW());
+            obj.addProperty("useNativeOpenAL", src.isUseNativeOpenAL());
+            obj.addProperty("gameDirType", src.getGameDirType().ordinal());
+            obj.addProperty("defaultJavaPath", src.getDefaultJavaPath());
+            obj.addProperty("nativesDir", src.getNativesDir());
+            obj.addProperty("nativesDirType", src.getNativesDirType().ordinal());
+            obj.addProperty("versionIcon", src.getVersionIcon().ordinal());
+
+            obj.addProperty("javaVersionType", src.getJavaVersionType().name());
+            String java;
+            switch (src.getJavaVersionType()) {
+                case DEFAULT:
+                    java = "Default";
+                    break;
+                case AUTO:
+                    java = "Auto";
+                    break;
+                case CUSTOM:
+                    java = "Custom";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    java = src.getJavaVersion();
+                    break;
+            }
+            obj.addProperty("java", java);
+
+            obj.addProperty("renderer", src.getRenderer().name());
+            if (src.getRenderer() == Renderer.LLVMPIPE)
+                obj.addProperty("useSoftwareRenderer", true);
+
+            return obj;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public VersionSetting deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
+            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject))
+                return null;
+            JsonObject obj = (JsonObject) json;
+
+            int maxMemoryN = parseJsonPrimitive(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("maxMemory")).map(JsonElement::getAsJsonPrimitive).orElse(null), SUGGESTED_MEMORY);
+            if (maxMemoryN <= 0) maxMemoryN = SUGGESTED_MEMORY;
+
+            VersionSetting vs = new VersionSetting();
+
+            vs.setUsesGlobal(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("usesGlobal")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setJavaArgs(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("javaArgs")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setMinecraftArgs(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("minecraftArgs")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setEnvironmentVariables(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("environmentVariables")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setMaxMemory(maxMemoryN);
+            vs.setMinMemory(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("minMemory")).map(JsonElement::getAsInt).orElse(null));
+            vs.setAutoMemory(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("autoMemory")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(true));
+            vs.setPermSize(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("permSize")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setWidth(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("width")).map(JsonElement::getAsJsonPrimitive).map(this::parseJsonPrimitive).orElse(0));
+            vs.setHeight(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("height")).map(JsonElement::getAsJsonPrimitive).map(this::parseJsonPrimitive).orElse(0));
+            vs.setJavaDir(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("javaDir")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setPreLaunchCommand(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("precalledCommand")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setPostExitCommand(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("postExitCommand")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setServerIp(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("serverIp")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setWrapper(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("wrapper")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setGameDir(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("gameDir")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setNativesDir(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("nativesDir")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(""));
+            vs.setFullscreen(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("fullscreen")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setNoJVMArgs(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("noJVMArgs")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setNoOptimizingJVMArgs(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("noOptimizingJVMArgs")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setNotCheckGame(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("notCheckGame")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setNotCheckJVM(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("notCheckJVM")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setNotPatchNatives(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("notPatchNatives")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setShowLogs(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("showLogs")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setEnableDebugLogOutput(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("enableDebugLogOutput")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setLauncherVisibility(parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("launcherVisibility"), LauncherVisibility.class, LauncherVisibility.HIDE));
+            vs.setProcessPriority(parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("processPriority"), ProcessPriority.class, ProcessPriority.NORMAL));
+            vs.setUseNativeGLFW(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useNativeGLFW")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setUseNativeOpenAL(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useNativeOpenAL")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
+            vs.setGameDirType(parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("gameDirType"), GameDirectoryType.class, GameDirectoryType.ROOT_FOLDER));
+            vs.setDefaultJavaPath(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("defaultJavaPath")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(null));
+            vs.setNativesDirType(parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("nativesDirType"), NativesDirectoryType.class, NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER));
+            vs.setVersionIcon(parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("versionIcon"), VersionIconType.class, VersionIconType.DEFAULT));
+
+            if (obj.get("javaVersionType") != null) {
+                JavaVersionType javaVersionType = parseJsonPrimitive(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("javaVersionType"), JavaVersionType.class, JavaVersionType.AUTO);
+                vs.setJavaVersionType(javaVersionType);
+                vs.setJavaVersion(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("java")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(null));
+            } else {
+                String java = Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("java")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse("");
+                switch (java) {
+                    case "Default":
+                        vs.setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType.DEFAULT);
+                        break;
+                    case "Auto":
+                        vs.setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType.AUTO);
+                        break;
+                    case "Custom":
+                        vs.setJavaVersionType(JavaVersionType.CUSTOM);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        vs.setJavaVersion(java);
+                }
+            }
+
+            vs.setRenderer(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("renderer")).map(JsonElement::getAsString)
+                    .flatMap(name -> {
+                        try {
+                            return Optional.of(Renderer.valueOf(name.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+                            return Optional.empty();
+                        }
+                    }).orElseGet(() -> {
+                        boolean useSoftwareRenderer = Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useSoftwareRenderer")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false);
+                        return useSoftwareRenderer ? Renderer.LLVMPIPE : Renderer.DEFAULT;
+                    }));
+
+            return vs;
+        }
+
+        private int parseJsonPrimitive(JsonPrimitive primitive) {
+            return parseJsonPrimitive(primitive, 0);
+        }
+
+        private int parseJsonPrimitive(JsonPrimitive primitive, int defaultValue) {
+            if (primitive == null)
+                return defaultValue;
+            else if (primitive.isNumber())
+                return primitive.getAsInt();
+            else
+                return Lang.parseInt(primitive.getAsString(), defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        private <E extends Enum<E>> E parseJsonPrimitive(JsonPrimitive primitive, Class<E> clazz, E defaultValue) {
+            if (primitive == null)
+                return defaultValue;
+            else {
+                E[] enumConstants = clazz.getEnumConstants();
+                if (primitive.isNumber()) {
+                    int index = primitive.getAsInt();
+                    return index >= 0 && index < enumConstants.length ? enumConstants[index] : defaultValue;
+                } else {
+                    String name = primitive.getAsString();
+                    for (E enumConstant : enumConstants) {
+                        if (enumConstant.name().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
+                            return enumConstant;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return defaultValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.property;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
-
-/// A setting value whose instance override state is stored in `GameSettings.Instance.overrideProperties`.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-public interface InheritableProperty<T extends @UnknownNullability Object> extends SettingProperty<T> {
-}
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.property;
-
-import javafx.beans.property.Property;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.RawPreservingProperty;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
-
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-public interface SettingProperty<T extends @UnknownNullability Object> extends Property<T>, RawPreservingProperty<T> {
-    @Override
-    GameSettings getBean();
-
-    T defaultValue();
-}
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.property;
-
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
-
-/// Stores a direct setting value that can be inherited by removing its name from `overrideProperties`.
-///
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-public final class SimpleInheritableProperty<T extends @UnknownNullability Object>
-        extends SimpleSettingProperty<T>
-        implements InheritableProperty<T> {
-
-    /// Creates a property with the given owner, serialized name, and direct default value.
-    public SimpleInheritableProperty(GameSettings bean, String name, T defaultValue) {
-        super(bean, name, defaultValue);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.property;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
-
-/// @author Glavo
-@NotNullByDefault
-public class SimpleSettingProperty<T extends @UnknownNullability Object> extends SimpleObjectProperty<T>
-        implements SettingProperty<T> {
-    private @Nullable JsonElement rawJson;
-
-    private final T defaultValue;
-
-    public SimpleSettingProperty(GameSettings bean,
-                                 String name,
-                                 T defaultValue) {
-        super(bean, name, defaultValue);
-        this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public GameSettings getBean() {
-        return (GameSettings) super.getBean();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public T defaultValue() {
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public @Nullable JsonElement getRawJson() {
-        return rawJson;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void setRawJson(@Nullable JsonElement rawJson) {
-        this.rawJson = rawJson;
-    }
-
-                  /// Clears preserved raw JSON after the property value has been changed.
-    @Override
-    protected void invalidated() {
-        this.rawJson = null;
-    }
-}
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.terracotta.provider.AbstractTerracottaProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ChecksumMismatchException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.tree.TarFileTree;

 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.security.DigestInputStream;
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ import java.util.HexFormat;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
 public final class TerracottaBundle {
    private final Path root;

@@ -68,20 +66,14 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                .thenComposeAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), pkg -> {
                    FileDownloadTask download = new FileDownloadTask(links, pkg, hash) {
                        @Override
-                        protected Context getContext(@Nullable UrlResponseInfo response, boolean checkETag, @Nullable String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
+                        protected Context getContext(HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
                            FetchTask.Context delegate = super.getContext(response, checkETag, bmclapiHash);
                            return new Context() {
                                @Override
                                public void withResult(boolean success) {
-                                    super.withResult(success);
                                    delegate.withResult(success);
                                }

-                                @Override
-                                public void reset() throws IOException {
-                                    delegate.reset();
-                                }
-
                                @Override
                                public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
                                    context.checkCancellation();
@@ -121,7 +113,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                        throw new ArtifactMalformedException(String.format("Expecting %s file in terracotta bundle.", file));
                    }

-                    MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.algorithm());
+                    MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.getAlgorithm());
                    try (
                            InputStream is = tree.getInputStream(archive);
                            OutputStream os = new DigestOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(path), digest)
@@ -130,8 +122,8 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                    }

                    String hash = HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest());
-                    if (!check.checksum().equalsIgnoreCase(hash)) {
-                        throw new ChecksumMismatchException(check.algorithm(), check.checksum(), hash);
+                    if (!check.getChecksum().equalsIgnoreCase(hash)) {
+                        throw new ChecksumMismatchException(check.getAlgorithm(), check.getChecksum(), hash);
                    }

                    switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
@@ -164,7 +156,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                return AbstractTerracottaProvider.Status.LEGACY_VERSION;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Cannot determine whether legacy versions exist.", e);
+            Logger.LOG.warning("Cannot determine whether legacy versions exist.", e);
        }
        return AbstractTerracottaProvider.Status.NOT_EXIST;
    }
@@ -180,7 +172,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                return false;
            }

-            MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.algorithm());
+            MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.getAlgorithm());
            try (InputStream is = new DigestInputStream(Files.newInputStream(path), digest)) {
                int n;
                while ((n = is.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
@@ -190,7 +182,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                    }
                }
            }
-            if (!HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest()).equalsIgnoreCase(check.checksum())) {
+            if (!HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest()).equalsIgnoreCase(check.getChecksum())) {
                return false;
            }
        }
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ public final class TerracottaManager {

    private static String getPlayerName() {
        Account account = Accounts.getSelectedAccount();
-        return account != null ? account.getProfileName() : i18n("terracotta.player_anonymous");
+        return account != null ? account.getCharacter() : i18n("terracotta.player_anonymous");
    }

    public static TerracottaState.HostScanning setScanning() {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public final class MacOSProvider extends AbstractTerracottaProvider {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot locate 'osascript' system executable on MacOS for installing Terracotta.");
            }

-            Path movedInstaller = Files.createTempDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME, "terracotta-pkg")
+            Path movedInstaller = Files.createTempDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY, "terracotta-pkg")
                    .toRealPath()
                    .resolve(FileUtils.getName(installer));
            Files.copy(installer, movedInstaller, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Controls how the launcher window is shown while the selected background is loading.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum BackgroundLoadPolicy {
-    /// Loads the selected background before the launcher background property is first exposed to the UI.
-    WAIT_FOR_BACKGROUND,
-
-    /// Shows the fallback background immediately, then replaces it when the selected background loads.
-    SHOW_FALLBACK_WHILE_LOADING
-}
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
-
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Identifies a built-in launcher background wallpaper.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum BuiltinBackground {
-    /// Built-in launcher wallpaper from 2021-08-26.
-    WALLPAPER_2021_08_26("2021-08-26", "#3F6AA2"),
-
-    /// Built-in launcher wallpaper from 2016-02-25.
-    WALLPAPER_2016_02_25("2016-02-25", "#354264"),
-
-    /// Built-in launcher wallpaper from 2015-06-22.
-    WALLPAPER_2015_06_22("2015-06-22", "#FBC578"),
-    ;
-
-    /// Built-in wallpaper used when a wallpaper ID is missing or unsupported.
-    public static final BuiltinBackground FALLBACK = WALLPAPER_2021_08_26;
-
-    /// Built-in wallpapers keyed by serialized wallpaper ID.
-    public static final @Unmodifiable Map<String, BuiltinBackground> BUILTIN_BACKGROUNDS;
-
-    /// Serialized IDs of launcher built-in wallpapers in display order.
-    public static final @Unmodifiable List<String> BUILTIN_BACKGROUND_IDS;
-
-    static {
-        var backgrounds = new LinkedHashMap<String, BuiltinBackground>();
-        for (BuiltinBackground value : values()) {
-            backgrounds.put(value.id(), value);
-        }
-        BUILTIN_BACKGROUNDS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(backgrounds);
-        BUILTIN_BACKGROUND_IDS = List.copyOf(backgrounds.keySet());
-    }
-
-    /// Serialized wallpaper ID.
-    private final String id;
-
-    /// Precomputed MonetFX seed color extracted from this wallpaper.
-    private final ThemeColor themeColor;
-
-    /// Creates a built-in wallpaper entry.
-    ///
-    /// @param id         the serialized wallpaper ID
-    /// @param themeColor the precomputed MonetFX seed color
-    BuiltinBackground(String id, String themeColor) {
-        this.id = id;
-        this.themeColor = Objects.requireNonNull(ThemeColor.of(themeColor));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the serialized wallpaper ID.
-    public String id() {
-        return id;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the precomputed MonetFX seed color extracted from this wallpaper.
-    public ThemeColor themeColor() {
-        return themeColor;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the built-in wallpaper for a serialized ID, or `null` when the ID is not supported.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the serialized wallpaper ID
-    /// @return the matching built-in wallpaper, or `null`
-    public static @Nullable BuiltinBackground fromId(@Nullable String id) {
-        return BUILTIN_BACKGROUNDS.get(id);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the built-in wallpaper for a serialized ID, or the fallback wallpaper when the ID is not supported.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the serialized wallpaper ID
-    /// @return the matching built-in wallpaper, or the fallback wallpaper
-    public static BuiltinBackground fromIdOrFallback(@Nullable String id) {
-        BuiltinBackground background = fromId(id);
-        return background != null ? background : FALLBACK;
-    }
-}
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// A launcher background and the opacity applied by its rendering node.
-///
-/// @param background the JavaFX background rendered by the launcher
-/// @param opacity     the node opacity in the range `[0, 1]`
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record LauncherBackground(Background background, double opacity) {
-    /// Creates a launcher background value.
-    public LauncherBackground {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(background);
-        if (!Double.isFinite(opacity) || opacity < 0.0 || opacity > 1.0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Launcher background opacity must be between 0 and 1: " + opacity);
-        }
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-/// Controls whether a remote launcher background image may be stored in the local cache.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public enum NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy {
-    /// Allows HMCL to cache the image file locally.
-    ENABLED,
-
-    /// Forces HMCL to load the image directly without storing it in the file cache.
-    DISABLED
-}
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2025 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import org.glavo.monetfx.*;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-
-import java.util.*;
-
-/// Concrete launcher theme values resolved for MonetFX.
-///
-/// @param primaryColorSeed Color seed used to generate the MonetFX color scheme.
-/// @param brightness       Brightness used by the generated color scheme.
-/// @param colorStyle       MonetFX color style used by the generated color scheme.
-/// @param contrast         MonetFX contrast level used by the generated color scheme.
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record ResolvedTheme(ThemeColor primaryColorSeed,
-                            Brightness brightness,
-                            ColorStyle colorStyle,
-                            Contrast contrast) {
-
-    /// Default launcher theme used when no custom theme values are configured.
-    public static final ResolvedTheme DEFAULT = new ResolvedTheme(ThemeColor.DEFAULT, Brightness.DEFAULT, ColorStyle.FIDELITY, Contrast.DEFAULT);
-
-    /// Converts these resolved values to a MonetFX color scheme.
-    ///
-    /// @return the generated color scheme
-    public ColorScheme toColorScheme() {
-        return ColorScheme.newBuilder()
-                .setPrimaryColorSeed(primaryColorSeed.color())
-                .setColorStyle(colorStyle)
-                .setBrightness(brightness)
-                .setSpecVersion(ColorSpecVersion.SPEC_2025)
-                .setContrast(contrast)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -17,228 +17,78 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;

-import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+import org.glavo.monetfx.*;

-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.*;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+/// @author Glavo
+public final class Theme {

-/// One selectable theme inside a theme pack.
-///
-/// The theme object's top-level appearance fields provide default values. Each
-/// matching override is applied in array order to produce the resolved appearance.
-///
-/// @param id          the stable theme identifier inside its pack, or `null` for an unnamed single-theme pack
-/// @param name        the localized display name, or `null` for an unnamed single-theme pack
-/// @param authors     authors of this specific theme
-/// @param description the optional localized description
-/// @param icon        the optional theme-pack relative icon path
-/// @param appearance  the default appearance fields
-/// @param overrides   conditional appearance patches applied in declaration order
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record Theme(
-        @Nullable String id,
-        @Nullable LocalizedText name,
-        @Unmodifiable List<ThemePackAuthor> authors,
-        @Nullable LocalizedText description,
-        @Nullable String icon,
-        ThemeAppearance appearance,
-        @Unmodifiable List<ThemeOverride> overrides) {
+    public static final Theme DEFAULT = new Theme(ThemeColor.DEFAULT, Brightness.DEFAULT, ColorStyle.FIDELITY, Contrast.DEFAULT);

-    /// Creates a theme.
-    ///
-    /// @param id          the stable theme identifier inside its pack, or `null` for an unnamed single-theme pack
-    /// @param name        the localized display name, or `null` for an unnamed single-theme pack
-    /// @param authors     authors of this specific theme
-    /// @param description the optional localized description
-    /// @param icon        the optional theme-pack relative icon path
-    /// @param appearance  the default appearance fields
-    /// @param overrides   conditional appearance patches applied in declaration order
-    public Theme {
-        if (id != null) {
-            id = ThemePackManifest.requireThemeId(id);
-        }
-        if (name != null && name.mayBeEmpty()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Theme name is empty: " + name);
-        }
-        if (icon != null) {
-            icon = ThemePackAsset.normalizeEntryName(icon);
-        }
-        authors = List.copyOf(authors);
-        Objects.requireNonNull(appearance);
-        overrides = List.copyOf(overrides);
+    private final ThemeColor primaryColorSeed;
+    private final Brightness brightness;
+    private final ColorStyle colorStyle;
+    private final Contrast contrast;
+
+    public Theme(ThemeColor primaryColorSeed,
+                 Brightness brightness,
+                 ColorStyle colorStyle,
+                 Contrast contrast
+    ) {
+        this.primaryColorSeed = primaryColorSeed;
+        this.brightness = brightness;
+        this.colorStyle = colorStyle;
+        this.contrast = contrast;
    }

-    /// Parses a theme from JSON.
-    ///
-    /// @param object          the theme JSON object
-    /// @param requireIdentity whether the theme must declare an explicit ID and name
-    /// @return the parsed theme
-    /// @throws JsonParseException if required identity fields are missing or malformed
-    static Theme fromJson(JsonObject object, boolean requireIdentity) throws JsonParseException {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(object);
-
-        @Nullable String id = JsonUtils.getString(object, "id");
-        if (id != null) {
-            try {
-                id = ThemePackManifest.requireThemeId(id);
-            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                if (requireIdentity) {
-                    throw new JsonParseException(e);
-                }
-                LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme id: " + id, e);
-                id = null;
-            }
-        }
-        if (id == null && requireIdentity) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme is missing the id");
-        }
-        @Nullable LocalizedText name;
-        try {
-            name = LocalizedText.fromJson(object.get("name"));
-            if (name != null && name.mayBeEmpty()) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Theme name is empty: " + name);
-            }
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            if (requireIdentity) {
-                throw e;
-            }
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme name", e);
-            name = null;
-        }
-        if (name == null && requireIdentity) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme is missing required localized text field: " + "name");
-        }
-
-        List<ThemePackAuthor> authors;
-        try {
-            authors = ThemePackAuthor.parseAuthors(object.get("authors"));
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to parse authors", e);
-            authors = List.of();
-        }
-
-        @Nullable LocalizedText description;
-
-        try {
-            description = LocalizedText.fromJson(object.get("description"));
-            if (description != null) {
-                description = ThemePackManifest.requireLocalizedText(description, "description");
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to parse description", e);
-            description = null;
-        }
-
-        ThemeAppearance appearance = ThemeAppearance.fromJson(object);
-
-        JsonElement overridesJson = object.get("overrides");
-        List<ThemeOverride> overrides;
-
-        if (overridesJson == null || overridesJson.isJsonNull()) {
-            overrides = List.of();
-        } else if (overridesJson instanceof JsonArray array) {
-            overrides = new ArrayList<>(array.size());
-
-            for (JsonElement overrideJson : array) {
-                try {
-                    ThemeOverride override = ThemeOverride.fromJson(overrideJson);
-                    if (override != null)
-                        overrides.add(override);
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    LOG.warning("Invalid theme override", e);
-                }
-            }
-
-        } else {
-            LOG.warning("Invalid theme overrides: expected an array, got " + overridesJson);
-            overrides = List.of();
-        }
-
-        @Nullable String icon = JsonUtils.getString(object, "icon");
-        if (icon != null) {
-            try {
-                icon = ThemePackAsset.normalizeEntryName(icon);
-            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme icon: " + icon, e);
-                icon = null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return new Theme(id, name, authors, description,
-                icon,
-                appearance, overrides);
+    public ColorScheme toColorScheme() {
+        return ColorScheme.newBuilder()
+                .setPrimaryColorSeed(primaryColorSeed.color())
+                .setColorStyle(colorStyle)
+                .setBrightness(brightness)
+                .setSpecVersion(ColorSpecVersion.SPEC_2025)
+                .setContrast(contrast)
+                .build();
    }

-    /// Returns the theme display name in the current locale.
-    ///
-    /// @return the localized display name, or `null` when this theme has no matching display name
-    public @Nullable String displayName() {
-        return name != null ? name.getText(I18n.getLocale().getCandidateLocales()) : null;
+    public ThemeColor primaryColorSeed() {
+        return primaryColorSeed;
    }

-    /// Returns the theme description in the current locale.
-    ///
-    /// @return the localized description, or `null` when this theme has no matching description
-    public @Nullable String displayDescription() {
-        return description != null ? description.getText(I18n.getLocale().getCandidateLocales()) : null;
+    public Brightness brightness() {
+        return brightness;
    }

-    /// Resolves this theme against a context by applying matching overrides.
-    ///
-    /// @param context the resolution context
-    /// @return the resolved appearance
-    public ThemeAppearance resolve(ThemeResolveContext context) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(context);
-
-        ThemeAppearance resolved = appearance;
-        for (ThemeOverride override : overrides) {
-            if (override.matches(context)) {
-                resolved = resolved.merge(override.appearance());
-            }
-        }
-        return resolved;
+    public ColorStyle colorStyle() {
+        return colorStyle;
    }

-    /// Converts this theme to its JSON representation.
-    ///
-    /// @return the JSON object representing this theme
-    public JsonObject toJsonObject() {
-        JsonObject object = new JsonObject();
-        if (id != null) {
-            object.addProperty("id", id);
-        }
-        if (name != null) {
-            object.add("name", JsonUtils.GSON.toJsonTree(name, LocalizedText.class));
-        }
-        object.add("authors", ThemePackAuthor.toJson(authors));
-        if (description != null) {
-            object.add("description", JsonUtils.GSON.toJsonTree(description, LocalizedText.class));
-        }
-        if (icon != null) {
-            object.addProperty("icon", icon);
-        }
-        appearance.addToJsonObject(object);
+    public Contrast contrast() {
+        return contrast;
+    }

-        if (!overrides.isEmpty()) {
-            JsonArray array = new JsonArray();
-            for (ThemeOverride override : overrides) {
-                array.add(override.toJsonObject());
-            }
-            object.add("overrides", array);
-        }
-        return object;
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        return obj == this || obj instanceof Theme that
+                && this.primaryColorSeed.color().equals(that.primaryColorSeed.color())
+                && this.brightness.equals(that.brightness)
+                && this.colorStyle.equals(that.colorStyle)
+                && this.contrast.equals(that.contrast);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(primaryColorSeed, brightness, colorStyle, contrast);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Theme[" +
+                "primaryColorSeed=" + primaryColorSeed + ", " +
+                "brightness=" + brightness + ", " +
+                "colorStyle=" + colorStyle + ", " +
+                "contrast=" + contrast + ']';
    }

 }
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
-import org.glavo.monetfx.Brightness;
-import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorStyle;
-import org.glavo.monetfx.Contrast;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-/// Appearance values contributed by a theme or override.
-///
-/// All fields are optional so the same type can represent both a default appearance
-/// and a conditional patch.
-///
-/// @param color the color seed source, or `null` when inherited
-/// @param brightness the controlled brightness, or `null` when inherited by a patch or not controlled by a resolved appearance
-/// @param colorStyle the MonetFX color style, or `null` when inherited
-/// @param contrast the MonetFX contrast level, or `null` when inherited
-/// @param background the background settings, or `null` when inherited
-/// @param titleBar the title-bar settings, or `null` when inherited
-/// @param windowTransparent whether the launcher window should be transparent, or `null` when inherited
-@NotNullByDefault
-public record ThemeAppearance(
-        @Nullable ThemeColorSource color,
-        @Nullable Brightness brightness,
-        @Nullable ColorStyle colorStyle,
-        @Nullable Contrast contrast,
-        @Nullable ThemeBackgroundSettings background,
-        @Nullable ThemeTitleBar titleBar,
-        @Nullable Boolean windowTransparent) {
-
-    /// JSON member name for the color seed.
-    static final String FIELD_COLOR = "color";
-
-    /// JSON member name for the controlled launcher brightness.
-    static final String FIELD_BRIGHTNESS = "brightness";
-
-    /// JSON member name for the MonetFX color style.
-    static final String FIELD_COLOR_STYLE = "colorStyle";
-
-    /// JSON member name for the MonetFX contrast level.
-    static final String FIELD_CONTRAST = "contrast";
-
-    /// JSON member name for background settings.
-    static final String FIELD_BACKGROUND = "background";
-
-    /// JSON member name for title-bar settings.
-    static final String FIELD_TITLE_BAR = "titleBar";
-
-    /// JSON member name for window transparency.
-    static final String FIELD_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT = "windowTransparent";
-
-    /// Creates an appearance patch.
-    ///
-    /// @param color the color seed source, or `null` when inherited
-    /// @param brightness the controlled brightness, or `null` when inherited by a patch or not controlled by a resolved appearance
-    /// @param colorStyle the MonetFX color style, or `null` when inherited
-    /// @param contrast the MonetFX contrast level, or `null` when inherited
-    /// @param background the background settings, or `null` when inherited
-    /// @param titleBar the title-bar settings, or `null` when inherited
-    /// @param windowTransparent whether the launcher window should be transparent, or `null` when inherited
-    public ThemeAppearance {
-        if (background != null && background.isEmpty()) {
-            background = null;
-        }
-        if (titleBar != null && titleBar.isEmpty()) {
-            titleBar = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parses known appearance fields from a JSON object.
-    ///
-    /// @param object the JSON object containing appearance fields
-    /// @return the parsed appearance patch
-    static ThemeAppearance fromJson(JsonObject object) throws JsonParseException {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(object);
-
-        return new ThemeAppearance(
-                readColor(object),
-                readBrightness(object),
-                readColorStyle(object),
-                readContrast(object),
-                readBackground(object),
-                readTitleBar(object),
-                readWindowTransparent(object));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this appearance contains no concrete fields.
-    ///
-    /// @return `true` when every appearance field is inherited
-    public boolean isEmpty() {
-        return color == null
-                && brightness == null
-                && colorStyle == null
-                && contrast == null
-                && background == null
-                && titleBar == null
-                && windowTransparent == null;
-    }
-
-    /// Adds this appearance patch's concrete fields to a JSON object.
-    ///
-    /// @param object the target JSON object
-    void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(object);
-
-        if (color != null) {
-            object.add(FIELD_COLOR, color.toJsonElement());
-        }
-        if (brightness != null) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_BRIGHTNESS, toJsonBrightness(brightness));
-        }
-        if (colorStyle != null) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_COLOR_STYLE, colorStyle.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
-        }
-        if (contrast != null && !contrast.equals(Contrast.DEFAULT)) {
-            addContrast(object, contrast);
-        }
-        if (background != null) {
-            object.add(FIELD_BACKGROUND, background.toJsonObject());
-        }
-        if (titleBar != null) {
-            object.add(FIELD_TITLE_BAR, titleBar.toJsonObject());
-        }
-        if (windowTransparent != null) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT, windowTransparent);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Converts this appearance patch to its JSON representation.
-    ///
-    /// @return the JSON object representing this appearance patch
-    public JsonObject toJsonObject() {
-        JsonObject object = new JsonObject();
-        addToJsonObject(object);
-        return object;
-    }
-
-    /// Applies the given patch over this appearance.
-    ///
-    /// @param patch the patch to apply
-    /// @return the merged appearance
-    public ThemeAppearance merge(ThemeAppearance patch) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(patch);
-
-        return new ThemeAppearance(
-                patch.color != null ? patch.color : color,
-                patch.brightness != null ? patch.brightness : brightness,
-                patch.colorStyle != null ? patch.colorStyle : colorStyle,
-                patch.contrast != null ? patch.contrast : contrast,
-                background != null && patch.background != null
-                        ? background.merge(patch.background)
-                        : patch.background != null ? patch.background : background,
-                titleBar != null && patch.titleBar != null
-                        ? titleBar.merge(patch.titleBar)
-                        : patch.titleBar != null ? patch.titleBar : titleBar,
-                patch.windowTransparent != null ? patch.windowTransparent : windowTransparent);
-    }
-
-    /// Converts this appearance to concrete launcher theme values.
-    ///
-    /// @param context the resolution context that provides fallback brightness when this appearance does not control it
-    /// @return the concrete theme used by MonetFX
-    public ResolvedTheme toResolvedTheme(ThemeResolveContext context) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(context);
-
-        ThemeColor resolvedColor = color != null ? color.resolveFallback() : ResolvedTheme.DEFAULT.primaryColorSeed();
-        Brightness resolvedBrightness = brightness != null ? brightness : context.brightness();
-        ColorStyle resolvedColorStyle = colorStyle != null ? colorStyle : ResolvedTheme.DEFAULT.colorStyle();
-        Contrast resolvedContrast = contrast != null ? contrast : Contrast.DEFAULT;
-
-        return new ResolvedTheme(resolvedColor, resolvedBrightness, resolvedColorStyle, resolvedContrast);
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional color field.
-    private static @Nullable ThemeColorSource readColor(JsonObject object) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(FIELD_COLOR);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return ThemeColorSource.fromJson(element);
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme color: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional controlled brightness field.
-    private static @Nullable Brightness readBrightness(JsonObject object) {
-        try {
-            @Nullable String value = readString(object, FIELD_BRIGHTNESS);
-            if (value == null) {
-                return null;
-            }
-            return parseBrightness(value);
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme brightness: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional color style field.
-    private static @Nullable ColorStyle readColorStyle(JsonObject object) {
-        try {
-            @Nullable String value = readString(object, FIELD_COLOR_STYLE);
-            if (value == null) {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            String normalized = value.trim().replace('-', '_').replace(' ', '_').toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
-            if ("DEFAULT".equals(normalized)) {
-                return ColorStyle.DEFAULT;
-            }
-            return ColorStyle.valueOf(normalized);
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme colorStyle: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional contrast field.
-    private static @Nullable Contrast readContrast(JsonObject object) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(FIELD_CONTRAST);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive)) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme contrast: expected a string or number, got " + element);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            if (primitive.isNumber()) {
-                return readContrastValue(primitive.getAsDouble());
-            }
-            if (!primitive.isString()) {
-                LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme contrast: expected a string or number, got " + element);
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            String value = primitive.getAsString();
-            String normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
-            return switch (normalized) {
-                case "low" -> Contrast.LOW;
-                case "standard" -> Contrast.DEFAULT;
-                case "medium" -> Contrast.MEDIUM;
-                case "high" -> Contrast.HIGH;
-                default -> {
-                    try {
-                        yield readContrastValue(Double.parseDouble(normalized));
-                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                        throw new JsonParseException("Invalid theme contrast: " + value, e);
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme contrast: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional background object.
-    private static @Nullable ThemeBackgroundSettings readBackground(JsonObject object) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(FIELD_BACKGROUND);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonObject background)) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme background: expected an object, got " + element);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return ThemeBackgroundSettings.fromJson(background);
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme background: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional title-bar object.
-    private static @Nullable ThemeTitleBar readTitleBar(JsonObject object) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(FIELD_TITLE_BAR);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonObject titleBar)) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme titleBar: expected an object, got " + element);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return ThemeTitleBar.fromJson(titleBar);
-        } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme titleBar: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads the optional window transparency field.
-    private static @Nullable Boolean readWindowTransparent(JsonObject object) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(FIELD_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive) || !primitive.isBoolean()) {
-            LOG.warning("Ignored invalid theme windowTransparent: expected a boolean, got " + element);
-            return null;
-        }
-        return primitive.getAsBoolean();
-    }
-
-    /// Reads an optional string field.
-    private static @Nullable String readString(JsonObject object, String field) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(field);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive) || !primitive.isString()) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme field must be a string: " + field);
-        }
-        return primitive.getAsString();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a validated contrast value.
-    private static Contrast readContrastValue(double value) {
-        try {
-            return Contrast.of(value);
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme contrast value must be between -1 and 1: " + value, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a canonical contrast value to a JSON object.
-    private static void addContrast(JsonObject object, Contrast contrast) {
-        if (contrast.equals(Contrast.LOW)) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_CONTRAST, "low");
-        } else if (contrast.equals(Contrast.DEFAULT)) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_CONTRAST, "standard");
-        } else if (contrast.equals(Contrast.MEDIUM)) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_CONTRAST, "medium");
-        } else if (contrast.equals(Contrast.HIGH)) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_CONTRAST, "high");
-        } else {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_CONTRAST, contrast.getValue());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parses a serialized theme brightness value.
-    private static Brightness parseBrightness(String value) {
-        return switch (value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)) {
-            case "light" -> Brightness.LIGHT;
-            case "dark" -> Brightness.DARK;
-            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported theme brightness: " + value);
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a controlled brightness value to its canonical JSON string.
-    private static String toJsonBrightness(Brightness brightness) {
-        return switch (brightness) {
-            case LIGHT -> "light";
-            case DARK -> "dark";
-        };
-    }
-}
@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
-import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/// Background source contributed by a theme-pack appearance.
-///
-/// The sealed implementations describe where the wallpaper comes from. Rendering
-/// parameters such as opacity are stored by [ThemeBackgroundSettings].
-@NotNullByDefault
-public sealed interface ThemeBackground
-        permits ThemeBackground.Default, ThemeBackground.Builtin, ThemeBackground.Image,
-        ThemeBackground.Paint, ThemeBackground.ThemeColor {
-    /// JSON member name for the background type.
-    String FIELD_TYPE = "type";
-
-    /// JSON member name for the built-in wallpaper ID.
-    String FIELD_ID = "id";
-
-    /// JSON member name for the local theme-pack image path.
-    String FIELD_PATH = "path";
-
-    /// JSON member name for a serialized paint value.
-    String FIELD_PAINT = "paint";
-
-    /// Adds this background source's concrete fields to a JSON object.
-    ///
-    /// @param object the target JSON object
-    void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object);
-
-    /// Converts this background source to its JSON representation.
-    ///
-    /// @return the JSON object representing this background source
-    default JsonObject toJsonObject() {
-        JsonObject object = new JsonObject();
-        addToJsonObject(object);
-        return object;
-    }
-
-    /// Parses a background source from a JSON object.
-    ///
-    /// @param object the JSON object
-    /// @return the parsed background source, or `null` when no source field is present
-    /// @throws JsonParseException if a known field is malformed
-    static @Nullable ThemeBackground fromJson(JsonObject object) throws JsonParseException {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(object);
-
-        @Nullable String type = readString(object, FIELD_TYPE);
-        @Nullable String id = readString(object, FIELD_ID);
-        @Nullable String path = readString(object, FIELD_PATH);
-        @Nullable String paint = readString(object, FIELD_PAINT);
-
-        if (type == null) {
-            int sourceFields = 0;
-            if (id != null) {
-                sourceFields++;
-            }
-            if (path != null) {
-                sourceFields++;
-            }
-            if (paint != null) {
-                sourceFields++;
-            }
-            if (sourceFields > 1) {
-                throw new JsonParseException("Theme background without type must contain only one source field");
-            }
-            if (id != null) {
-                return new Builtin(id);
-            }
-            if (path != null) {
-                return new Image(path);
-            }
-            if (paint != null) {
-                return new Paint(paint);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return switch (type.trim().replace('-', '_').toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)) {
-            case "DEFAULT" -> new Default();
-            case "BUILTIN" -> new Builtin(id);
-            case "IMAGE" -> new Image(path);
-            case "PAINT" -> new Paint(paint);
-            case "THEME_COLOR" -> new ThemeColor();
-            default -> throw new JsonParseException("Unsupported theme background type: " + type);
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Reads an optional string field.
-    private static @Nullable String readString(JsonObject object, String field) {
-        JsonElement element = object.get(field);
-        if (element == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if (!(element instanceof JsonPrimitive primitive) || !primitive.isString()) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme background field must be a string: " + field);
-        }
-        return primitive.getAsString();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a required non-blank string value.
-    private static String requireNonBlank(@Nullable String value, String field) {
-        if (value == null) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme background field is missing: " + field);
-        }
-        String trimmed = value.trim();
-        if (trimmed.isEmpty()) {
-            throw new JsonParseException("Theme background field is blank: " + field);
-        }
-        return trimmed;
-    }
-
-    /// A source that delegates to HMCL's launcher default background resolution.
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    record Default() implements ThemeBackground {
-        /// Adds this source to a JSON object.
-        @Override
-        public void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_TYPE, "default");
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /// A source that uses a launcher built-in wallpaper.
-    ///
-    /// @param id the built-in wallpaper ID, or `null` for the fallback built-in wallpaper
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    record Builtin(@Nullable String id) implements ThemeBackground {
-        /// Creates a source that uses the fallback built-in wallpaper.
-        public Builtin() {
-            this(null);
-        }
-
-        /// Creates a built-in wallpaper source.
-        ///
-        /// @param id the built-in wallpaper ID, or `null` for the fallback built-in wallpaper
-        public Builtin {
-            if (id != null) {
-                id = requireNonBlank(id, FIELD_ID);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// Adds this source to a JSON object.
-        @Override
-        public void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_TYPE, "builtin");
-            if (id != null) {
-                object.addProperty(FIELD_ID, id);
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /// A source that uses an image stored inside the theme pack.
-    ///
-    /// @param path the theme-pack relative image path
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    record Image(String path) implements ThemeBackground {
-        /// Creates an image background source.
-        ///
-        /// @param path the theme-pack relative image path
-        public Image {
-            path = requireNonBlank(path, FIELD_PATH);
-        }
-
-        /// Adds this source to a JSON object.
-        @Override
-        public void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_TYPE, "image");
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_PATH, path);
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /// A source that uses a JavaFX paint string.
-    ///
-    /// @param paint the serialized paint value
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    record Paint(String paint) implements ThemeBackground {
-        /// Creates a paint background source.
-        ///
-        /// @param paint the serialized paint value
-        public Paint {
-            paint = requireNonBlank(paint, FIELD_PAINT);
-        }
-
-        /// Adds this source to a JSON object.
-        @Override
-        public void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_TYPE, "paint");
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_PAINT, paint);
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /// A source that follows the current launcher theme color.
-    @NotNullByDefault
-    record ThemeColor() implements ThemeBackground {
-        /// Adds this source to a JSON object.
-        @Override
-        public void addToJsonObject(JsonObject object) {
-            object.addProperty(FIELD_TYPE, "theme_color");
-        }
-
-    }
-}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Glavo	f7024a4c0f	[release/3.12] 更新文言文翻译 (#5849 ) https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5845	2026-03-24 21:44:35 +08:00
Glavo	31c7e3a60f	[release/3.12] Update default Java version to JAVA_25 (#5846 ) https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5841	2026-03-24 21:38:17 +08:00
Glavo	43cfe29eeb	[release/3.12] 修复 JFXTextField 导致 GPU 占用率异常高的问题 (#5847 ) https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5839	2026-03-24 21:37:49 +08:00
Glavo	4921804283	[release/3.12] Add Minecraft 26.1 snapshot/pre/rc versions (#5848 ) https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5833	2026-03-24 21:37:20 +08:00