使用 WebURL for Java 解析 URI (#6084 )

缓解离线皮肤 CSL 输入框打一个字弹窗一个 toast “操作失败” 问题 (#5789 )
支持断点续传 (#4558 )
2026-05-12 21:43:19 +08:00 · 2026-05-09 21:26:06 +08:00 · 2026-05-09 21:02:27 +08:00 · 2026-05-09 08:54:14 +08:00 · 2026-05-08 12:13:06 +08:00 · 2026-05-07 21:51:20 +08:00
38 changed files with 1280 additions and 535 deletions
@@ -42,10 +42,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateChecker;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateHandler;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CrashReporter;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;

@@ -347,6 +344,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                LOG.info("XDG Current Desktop: " + System.getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"));
            }

+            LOG.info("Zlib Compatible: " + ZlibUtils.IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE);
+
            Lang.thread(SystemInfo::initialize, "Detection System Information", true);

            launch(Launcher.class, args);
@@ -71,9 +71,15 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                            return new Context() {
                                @Override
                                public void withResult(boolean success) {
+                                    super.withResult(success);
                                    delegate.withResult(success);
                                }

+                                @Override
+                                public void reset() throws IOException {
+                                    delegate.reset();
+                                }
+
                                @Override
                                public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
                                    context.checkCancellation();
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                        throw new ArtifactMalformedException(String.format("Expecting %s file in terracotta bundle.", file));
                    }

-                    MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.getAlgorithm());
+                    MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.algorithm());
                    try (
                            InputStream is = tree.getInputStream(archive);
                            OutputStream os = new DigestOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(path), digest)
@@ -122,8 +128,8 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                    }

                    String hash = HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest());
-                    if (!check.getChecksum().equalsIgnoreCase(hash)) {
-                        throw new ChecksumMismatchException(check.getAlgorithm(), check.getChecksum(), hash);
+                    if (!check.checksum().equalsIgnoreCase(hash)) {
+                        throw new ChecksumMismatchException(check.algorithm(), check.checksum(), hash);
                    }

                    switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                return false;
            }

-            MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.getAlgorithm());
+            MessageDigest digest = DigestUtils.getDigest(check.algorithm());
            try (InputStream is = new DigestInputStream(Files.newInputStream(path), digest)) {
                int n;
                while ((n = is.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ public final class TerracottaBundle {
                    }
                }
            }
-            if (!HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest()).equalsIgnoreCase(check.getChecksum())) {
+            if (!HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest()).equalsIgnoreCase(check.checksum())) {
                return false;
            }
        }
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ import javafx.stage.Stage;
 import javafx.util.Callback;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
 import javafx.util.StringConverter;
+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.StyleSheets;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.CacheFileTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
@@ -1166,12 +1167,10 @@ public final class FXUtils {
        }
    }

-    public static Image loadImage(String url) throws Exception {
-        URI uri = NetworkUtils.toURI(url);
-
-        URLConnection connection = NetworkUtils.createConnection(uri);
-        if (connection instanceof HttpURLConnection)
-            connection = NetworkUtils.resolveConnection((HttpURLConnection) connection);
+    public static Image loadImage(WebURL url) throws Exception {
+        URLConnection connection = NetworkUtils.createConnection(url);
+        if (connection instanceof HttpURLConnection httpConnection)
+            connection = NetworkUtils.resolveConnection(httpConnection);

        try (BufferedInputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream())) {
            String contentType = Objects.requireNonNull(connection.getContentType(), "");
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXButton;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXComboBox;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDialogLayout;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXTextField;
+import javafx.animation.PauseTransition;
 import javafx.application.Platform;
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ import javafx.scene.control.Label;
 import javafx.scene.input.DragEvent;
 import javafx.scene.input.TransferMode;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.OfflineAccount;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.Skin;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.TextureModel;
@@ -135,7 +137,9 @@ public class OfflineAccountSkinPane extends StackPane {
            capeSelector.setValue(account.getSkin().getLocalCapePath());
        }

-        skinBinding = FXUtils.observeWeak(() -> {
+        PauseTransition pauseTransition = new PauseTransition(Duration.seconds(1));
+
+        Runnable loadSkin = () -> {
            getSkin().load(account.getUsername())
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
                        if (exception != null) {
@@ -157,6 +161,23 @@ public class OfflineAccountSkinPane extends StackPane {
                                    result.getCape() != null ? result.getCape().getImage() : null);
                        }
                    }).start();
+        };
+
+        pauseTransition.setOnFinished(e -> loadSkin.run());
+
+        skinBinding = FXUtils.observeWeak(() -> {
+            Skin.Type selectedType = skinItem.getSelectedData();
+
+            if (selectedType == Skin.Type.CUSTOM_SKIN_LOADER_API) {
+                if (!cslApiField.validate()) {
+                    pauseTransition.stop();
+                    return;
+                }
+                pauseTransition.playFromStart();
+            } else {
+                pauseTransition.stop();
+                loadSkin.run();
+            }
        }, skinItem.selectedDataProperty(), cslApiField.textProperty(), modelCombobox.valueProperty(), skinSelector.valueProperty(), capeSelector.valueProperty());

        FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(skinItem.selectedDataProperty(), selectedData -> {
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXPopup;
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
-import javafx.beans.property.ListProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleListProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
 import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
@@ -36,6 +33,8 @@ import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.SVG;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.MappedObservableList;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;

 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ import java.util.function.Function;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.determineOptimalPopupPosition;

 /// @author Glavo
-public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
+public class LineSelectButton<T extends @UnknownNullability Object> extends LineButton {

    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "line-select-button";
    private static final PseudoClass SELECTED_PSEUDO_CLASS = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("selected");
@@ -57,13 +56,9 @@ public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);

        InvalidationListener updateTrailingText = observable -> {
+            Function<T, String> converter = getConverter();
            T value = getValue();
-            if (value != null) {
-                Function<T, String> converter = getConverter();
-                setTrailingText(converter != null ? converter.apply(value) : value.toString());
-            } else {
-                setTrailingText(null);
-            }
+            setTrailingText(converter != null ? converter.apply(value) : Objects.toString(value, ""));
        };
        converterProperty().addListener(updateTrailingText);
        valueProperty().addListener(updateTrailingText);
@@ -96,9 +91,6 @@ public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
                var itemTitleLabel = new Label();
                itemTitleLabel.getStyleClass().add("title-label");
                itemTitleLabel.textProperty().bind(Bindings.createStringBinding(() -> {
-                    if (item == null)
-                        return "";
-
                    Function<T, String> converter = getConverter();
                    return converter != null ? converter.apply(item) : Objects.toString(item, "");
                }, converterProperty()));
@@ -173,10 +165,14 @@ public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
        return converterProperty().get();
    }

-    public void setConverter(Function<T, String> value) {
+    public void setConverter(Function<T, String> value) { // TODO: rename
        converterProperty().set(value);
    }

+    public void setNullSafeConverter(Function<@NotNull T, String> value) {
+        converterProperty().set(it -> it != null ? value.apply(it) : "");
+    }
+
    private ObjectProperty<Function<T, String>> descriptionConverter;

    public ObjectProperty<Function<T, String>> descriptionConverterProperty() {
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
 import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Priority;
 import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;

 public class TwoLineListItem extends VBox {
    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "two-line-list-item";
@@ -177,7 +176,18 @@ public class TwoLineListItem extends VBox {
            lblTitle.setMinWidth(Label.USE_PREF_SIZE);
            scrollPane.setHbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
            scrollPane.setVbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
-            FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(tagsBox.heightProperty(), height -> FXUtils.setLimitHeight(scrollPane, height.doubleValue()));
+            var expectedHeight = Bindings.createDoubleBinding(
+                    () -> {
+                        if (tags.isEmpty()) return 0.0;
+                        double h = tagsBox.prefHeight(-1);
+                        return h > 0 ? h : Double.NaN;
+                    },
+                    tags, tagsBox.heightProperty()
+            );
+
+            scrollPane.minHeightProperty().bind(expectedHeight);
+            scrollPane.prefHeightProperty().bind(expectedHeight);
+            scrollPane.maxHeightProperty().bind(expectedHeight);
            firstLine.getChildren().setAll(lblTitle, scrollPane);

            tags.addListener((InvalidationListener) ignored -> scrollPane.requestLayout());
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct;
 import com.jfoenix.validation.base.ValidatorBase;
 import javafx.beans.NamedArg;
 import javafx.scene.control.TextInputControl;
+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;

@@ -54,12 +54,7 @@ public class URLValidator extends ValidatorBase {
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(textField.getText()))
            hasErrors.set(!nullable);
        else {
-            try {
-                NetworkUtils.toURI(textField.getText());
-                hasErrors.set(false);
-            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                hasErrors.set(true);
-            }
+            hasErrors.set(WebURL.tryParseBrowserInput(textField.getText()) == null);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
 import javafx.stage.Stage;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorDnD;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.EnumBackgroundImage;
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ public class DecoratorController {
                String backgroundImageUrl = config().getBackgroundImageUrl();
                if (backgroundImageUrl != null) {
                    try {
-                        image = FXUtils.loadImage(backgroundImageUrl);
+                        image = FXUtils.loadImage(WebURL.parseBrowserInput(backgroundImageUrl));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        LOG.warning("Couldn't load background image", e);
                    }
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ public final class ExportWizardProvider implements WizardProvider {
                                vs.isFullscreen(),
                                vs.getWidth(),
                                vs.getHeight(),
-                                vs.getMaxMemory(),
+                                null,
                                exportInfo.getMinMemory(),
                                vs.isShowLogs(),
                                /* showConsoleOnError */ true,
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public final class ModpackInfoPage extends Control implements WizardPage {
                    if (skinnable.options.isRequireAuthlibInjectorServer()) {
                        var serversSelectButton = new LineSelectButton<AuthlibInjectorServer>();
                        serversSelectButton.setTitle(i18n("account.injector.server"));
-                        serversSelectButton.setConverter(AuthlibInjectorServer::getName);
+                        serversSelectButton.setNullSafeConverter(AuthlibInjectorServer::getName);
                        serversSelectButton.setDescriptionConverter(AuthlibInjectorServer::getUrl);
                        serversSelectButton.itemsProperty().set(config().getAuthlibInjectorServers());

@@ -27,14 +27,20 @@ import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
 import javafx.scene.control.ToggleGroup;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.EnumCommonDirectory;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Settings;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.WeakListenerHolder;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.SafeStringConverter;

 import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.function.Function;

@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ public class DownloadSettingsPage extends StackPane {
                var versionListSourcePane = new LineSelectButton<String>();
                versionListSourcePane.disableProperty().bind(autoChooseDownloadSource.selectedProperty().not());
                versionListSourcePane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.version_list_source"));
-                versionListSourcePane.setConverter(converter);
+                versionListSourcePane.setNullSafeConverter(converter);
                versionListSourcePane.setDescriptionConverter(descriptionConverter);
                versionListSourcePane.setItems(DownloadProviders.AUTO_PROVIDERS.keySet());
                versionListSourcePane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().versionListSourceProperty());
@@ -80,14 +86,14 @@ public class DownloadSettingsPage extends StackPane {
                var downloadSourcePane = new LineSelectButton<String>();
                downloadSourcePane.disableProperty().bind(autoChooseDownloadSource.selectedProperty());
                downloadSourcePane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.download_source"));
-                downloadSourcePane.setConverter(converter);
+                downloadSourcePane.setNullSafeConverter(converter);
                downloadSourcePane.setDescriptionConverter(descriptionConverter);
                downloadSourcePane.setItems(DownloadProviders.DIRECT_PROVIDERS.keySet());
                downloadSourcePane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().downloadTypeProperty());

                var defaultAddonSourcePane = new LineSelectButton<String>();
                defaultAddonSourcePane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.default_addon_source"));
-                defaultAddonSourcePane.setConverter(key -> I18n.i18n("mods." + key));
+                defaultAddonSourcePane.setNullSafeConverter(key -> I18n.i18n("mods." + key));
                defaultAddonSourcePane.setItems("modrinth", "curseforge");
                defaultAddonSourcePane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().defaultAddonSourceProperty());

@@ -98,9 +104,37 @@ public class DownloadSettingsPage extends StackPane {
        }

        {
+            var downloadList = new ComponentList();
+
            VBox downloadThreads = new VBox(16);
-            downloadThreads.getStyleClass().add("card-non-transparent");
+
+            ComponentSublist fileCommonLocationSublist = new ComponentSublist();
+
            {
+                {
+                    MultiFileItem<EnumCommonDirectory> fileCommonLocation = new MultiFileItem<>();
+                    fileCommonLocation.loadChildren(Arrays.asList(
+                            new MultiFileItem.Option<>(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.default"), EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT),
+                            new MultiFileItem.FileOption<>(i18n("settings.custom"), EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM)
+                                    .setChooserTitle(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.choose"))
+                                    .setSelectionMode(FileSelector.SelectionMode.DIRECTORY)
+                                    .bindBidirectional(config().commonDirectoryProperty())
+                    ));
+                    fileCommonLocation.selectedDataProperty().bindBidirectional(config().commonDirTypeProperty());
+
+                    fileCommonLocationSublist.getContent().add(fileCommonLocation);
+                    fileCommonLocationSublist.setTitle(i18n("launcher.cache_directory"));
+                    fileCommonLocationSublist.setHasSubtitle(true);
+                    fileCommonLocationSublist.subtitleProperty().bind(
+                            Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> Optional.ofNullable(Settings.instance().getCommonDirectory())
+                                            .orElse(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.disabled")),
+                                    config().commonDirectoryProperty(), config().commonDirTypeProperty()));
+
+                    JFXButton cleanButton = FXUtils.newBorderButton(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.clean"));
+                    cleanButton.setOnAction(e -> clearCacheDirectory());
+                    fileCommonLocationSublist.setHeaderRight(cleanButton);
+                }
+
                {
                    JFXCheckBox chkAutoDownloadThreads = new JFXCheckBox(i18n("settings.launcher.download.threads.auto"));
                    VBox.setMargin(chkAutoDownloadThreads, new Insets(8, 0, 0, 0));
@@ -153,7 +187,8 @@ public class DownloadSettingsPage extends StackPane {
                }
            }

-            content.getChildren().addAll(ComponentList.createComponentListTitle(i18n("download")), downloadThreads);
+            downloadList.getContent().addAll(fileCommonLocationSublist, downloadThreads);
+            content.getChildren().addAll(ComponentList.createComponentListTitle(i18n("download")), downloadList);
        }

        {
@@ -330,4 +365,11 @@ public class DownloadSettingsPage extends StackPane {
        }

    }
+
+    private void clearCacheDirectory() {
+        String commonDirectory = Settings.instance().getCommonDirectory();
+        if (commonDirectory != null) {
+            FileUtils.cleanDirectoryQuietly(Path.of(commonDirectory, "cache"));
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public class PersonalizationPage extends StackPane {
        {
            var brightnessPane = new LineSelectButton<String>();
            brightnessPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.brightness"));
-            brightnessPane.setConverter(name -> i18n("settings.launcher.brightness." + name));
+            brightnessPane.setNullSafeConverter(name -> i18n("settings.launcher.brightness." + name));
            brightnessPane.setItems("auto", "light", "dark");
            brightnessPane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().themeBrightnessProperty());

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ public class PersonalizationPage extends StackPane {
                var fontAntiAliasingPane = new LineSelectButton<Optional<FontSmoothingType>>();
                fontAntiAliasingPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing"));
                fontAntiAliasingPane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.take_effect_after_restart"));
-                fontAntiAliasingPane.setConverter(value ->
+                fontAntiAliasingPane.setNullSafeConverter(value ->
                        value.isPresent()
                                ? i18n("settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing." + value.get().name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
                                : i18n("settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing.auto")
@@ -20,21 +20,17 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.main;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXButton;
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import javafx.beans.WeakInvalidationListener;
-import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
 import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
-import javafx.geometry.VPos;
-import javafx.scene.Cursor;
 import javafx.scene.control.Label;
 import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
-import javafx.scene.layout.*;
-import javafx.scene.text.TextAlignment;
+import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
+import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.EnumCommonDirectory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Settings;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.Controllers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
@@ -61,7 +57,9 @@ import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
 import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
@@ -78,241 +76,193 @@ public final class SettingsPage extends ScrollPane {
    public SettingsPage() {
        this.setFitToWidth(true);

-        VBox rootPane = new VBox();
+        VBox rootPane = new VBox(10);
        rootPane.setPadding(new Insets(10));
        this.setContent(rootPane);
        FXUtils.smoothScrolling(this);

-        ComponentList settingsPane = new ComponentList();
        {
+            ComponentList updatePaneList = new ComponentList();
            {
-                StackPane sponsorPane = new StackPane();
-                sponsorPane.setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
-                FXUtils.onClicked(sponsorPane, this::onSponsor);
-                sponsorPane.setPadding(new Insets(8, 0, 8, 0));
-
-                GridPane gridPane = new GridPane();
-
-                ColumnConstraints col = new ColumnConstraints();
-                col.setHgrow(Priority.SOMETIMES);
-                col.setMaxWidth(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
-
-                gridPane.getColumnConstraints().setAll(col);
-
-                RowConstraints row = new RowConstraints();
-                row.setMinHeight(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
-                row.setValignment(VPos.TOP);
-                row.setVgrow(Priority.SOMETIMES);
-                gridPane.getRowConstraints().setAll(row);
-
+                ObjectProperty<UpdateChannel> updateChannel;
                {
-                    Label label = new Label(i18n("sponsor.hmcl"));
-                    label.setWrapText(true);
-                    label.setTextAlignment(TextAlignment.JUSTIFY);
-                    GridPane.setRowIndex(label, 0);
-                    GridPane.setColumnIndex(label, 0);
-                    gridPane.getChildren().add(label);
-                }

-                sponsorPane.getChildren().setAll(gridPane);
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(sponsorPane);
-            }
+                    JFXButton updateButton = FXUtils.newToggleButton4(SVG.UPDATE, 20);
+                    updateButton.setOnAction(e -> onUpdate());
+                    updateButton.setPadding(Insets.EMPTY);
+                    FXUtils.installFastTooltip(updateButton, i18n("update.tooltip"));

-            ObjectProperty<UpdateChannel> updateChannel;
-            {
+                    var updatePane = new LineSelectButton<UpdateChannel>() {

-                JFXButton updateButton = FXUtils.newToggleButton4(SVG.UPDATE, 20);
-                updateButton.setOnAction(e -> onUpdate());
-                updateButton.setPadding(Insets.EMPTY);
-                FXUtils.installFastTooltip(updateButton, i18n("update.tooltip"));
+                        {
+                            getStyleClass().add("update-pane");
+                            setNode(IDX_TRAILING, updateButton);
+                        }

-                var updatePane = new LineSelectButton<UpdateChannel>() {
-
-                    {
-                        getStyleClass().add("update-pane");
-                        setNode(IDX_TRAILING, updateButton);
-                    }
-
-                    @Override
-                    protected int getTrailingTextIndex() {
-                        return LineComponent.IDX_TRAILING + 1;
-                    }
-                };
-                updateChannel = updatePane.valueProperty();
-                updatePane.setTitle(i18n("update"));
-                updatePane.setValue(UpdateChannel.getChannel());
-
-                updatePane.setConverter(channel -> i18n("update.channel." + channel.channelName));
-                updatePane.setItems(List.of(UpdateChannel.STABLE, UpdateChannel.DEVELOPMENT));
-                updatePane.setDescriptionConverter(channel -> i18n("update.note." + channel.channelName));
-
-                final StringProperty lblUpdateSubProperty = updatePane.subtitleProperty();
-
-                {
-                    updateListener = any -> {
-                        boolean outdated = UpdateChecker.isOutdated();
-
-                        updateButton.setVisible(outdated);
-                        updateButton.setManaged(outdated);
-                        updatePane.pseudoClassStateChanged(PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("active"), outdated);
-
-                        if (UpdateChecker.isOutdated()) {
-                            lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.newest_version", UpdateChecker.getLatestVersion().version()));
-                        } else if (UpdateChecker.isCheckingUpdate()) {
-                            lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.checking"));
-                        } else {
-                            lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.latest"));
+                        @Override
+                        protected int getTrailingTextIndex() {
+                            return LineComponent.IDX_TRAILING + 1;
                        }
                    };
-                    UpdateChecker.latestVersionProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
-                    UpdateChecker.outdatedProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
-                    UpdateChecker.checkingUpdateProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
-                    updateListener.invalidated(null);
+                    updateChannel = updatePane.valueProperty();
+                    updatePane.setTitle(i18n("update"));
+                    updatePane.setValue(UpdateChannel.getChannel());
+
+                    updatePane.setNullSafeConverter(channel -> i18n("update.channel." + channel.channelName));
+                    updatePane.setItems(List.of(UpdateChannel.STABLE, UpdateChannel.DEVELOPMENT));
+                    updatePane.setDescriptionConverter(channel -> i18n("update.note." + channel.channelName));
+
+                    final StringProperty lblUpdateSubProperty = updatePane.subtitleProperty();
+
+                    {
+                        updateListener = any -> {
+                            boolean outdated = UpdateChecker.isOutdated();
+
+                            updateButton.setVisible(outdated);
+                            updateButton.setManaged(outdated);
+                            updatePane.pseudoClassStateChanged(PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("active"), outdated);
+
+                            if (UpdateChecker.isOutdated()) {
+                                lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.newest_version", UpdateChecker.getLatestVersion().version()));
+                            } else if (UpdateChecker.isCheckingUpdate()) {
+                                lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.checking"));
+                            } else {
+                                lblUpdateSubProperty.set(i18n("update.latest"));
+                            }
+                        };
+                        UpdateChecker.latestVersionProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
+                        UpdateChecker.outdatedProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
+                        UpdateChecker.checkingUpdateProperty().addListener(new WeakInvalidationListener(updateListener));
+                        updateListener.invalidated(null);
+                    }
+
+                    updatePaneList.getContent().add(updatePane);
                }

-                settingsPane.getContent().add(updatePane);
+                {
+                    LineToggleButton previewPane = new LineToggleButton();
+                    previewPane.setTitle(i18n("update.preview"));
+                    previewPane.setSubtitle(i18n("update.preview.subtitle"));
+                    previewPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().acceptPreviewUpdateProperty());
+
+                    InvalidationListener checkUpdateListener = e -> {
+                        UpdateChecker.requestCheckUpdate(updateChannel.get(), previewPane.isSelected());
+                    };
+                    updateChannel.addListener(checkUpdateListener);
+                    previewPane.selectedProperty().addListener(checkUpdateListener);
+
+                    updatePaneList.getContent().add(previewPane);
+                }
+
+                {
+                    LineToggleButton disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane = new LineToggleButton();
+                    disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.setTitle(i18n("update.disable_auto_show_update_dialog"));
+                    disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.setSubtitle(i18n("update.disable_auto_show_update_dialog.subtitle"));
+                    disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty());
+                    updatePaneList.getContent().add(disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane);
+                }
+
+                rootPane.getChildren().addAll(ComponentList.createComponentListTitle(i18n("update")), updatePaneList);
            }

            {
-                LineToggleButton previewPane = new LineToggleButton();
-                previewPane.setTitle(i18n("update.preview"));
-                previewPane.setSubtitle(i18n("update.preview.subtitle"));
-                previewPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().acceptPreviewUpdateProperty());
+                ComponentList languagePaneList = new ComponentList();

-                InvalidationListener checkUpdateListener = e -> {
-                    UpdateChecker.requestCheckUpdate(updateChannel.get(), previewPane.isSelected());
-                };
-                updateChannel.addListener(checkUpdateListener);
-                previewPane.selectedProperty().addListener(checkUpdateListener);
+                {
+                    var chooseLanguagePane = new LineSelectButton<SupportedLocale>();
+                    chooseLanguagePane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.language"));
+                    chooseLanguagePane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.take_effect_after_restart"));

-                settingsPane.getContent().add(previewPane);
+                    SupportedLocale currentLocale = I18n.getLocale();
+                    chooseLanguagePane.setNullSafeConverter(locale -> {
+                        if (locale.isDefault())
+                            return locale.getDisplayName(currentLocale);
+                        else if (locale.isSameLanguage(currentLocale))
+                            return locale.getDisplayName(locale);
+                        else
+                            return locale.getDisplayName(currentLocale) + " - " + locale.getDisplayName(locale);
+                    });
+                    chooseLanguagePane.setItems(SupportedLocale.getSupportedLocales());
+                    chooseLanguagePane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().localizationProperty());
+
+                    languagePaneList.getContent().add(chooseLanguagePane);
+
+                    LineToggleButton disableAutoGameOptionsPane = new LineToggleButton();
+                    disableAutoGameOptionsPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.disable_auto_game_options"));
+                    disableAutoGameOptionsPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAutoGameOptionsProperty());
+
+                    languagePaneList.getContent().add(disableAutoGameOptionsPane);
+                }
+
+                rootPane.getChildren().addAll(ComponentList.createComponentListTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.language")), languagePaneList);
            }

            {
-                LineToggleButton disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane = new LineToggleButton();
-                disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.setTitle(i18n("update.disable_auto_show_update_dialog"));
-                disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.setSubtitle(i18n("update.disable_auto_show_update_dialog.subtitle"));
-                disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty());
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(disableAutoShowUpdateDialogPane);
+                ComponentList miscPaneList = new ComponentList();
+
+                if (AprilFools.isShowAprilFoolsSettings()) {
+                    LineToggleButton disableAprilFools = new LineToggleButton();
+                    disableAprilFools.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.disable_april_fools"));
+                    disableAprilFools.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.take_effect_after_restart"));
+                    disableAprilFools.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAprilFoolsProperty());
+                    miscPaneList.getContent().add(disableAprilFools);
+                }
+
+                {
+                    LineToggleButton allowAutoAgentPane = new LineToggleButton();
+                    allowAutoAgentPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.allow_auto_agent"));
+                    allowAutoAgentPane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.launcher.allow_auto_agent.subtitle"));
+                    allowAutoAgentPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().allowAutoAgentProperty());
+
+                    miscPaneList.getContent().add(allowAutoAgentPane);
+                }
+
+                {
+                    BorderPane debugPane = new BorderPane();
+
+                    Label left = new Label(i18n("settings.launcher.debug"));
+                    BorderPane.setAlignment(left, Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+                    debugPane.setLeft(left);
+
+                    JFXButton openLogFolderButton = new JFXButton(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.reveal"));
+                    openLogFolderButton.setOnAction(e -> openLogFolder());
+                    openLogFolderButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-button-border");
+                    if (LOG.getLogFile() == null)
+                        openLogFolderButton.setDisable(true);
+
+                    SpinnerPane exportLogPane = new SpinnerPane();
+
+                    JFXButton logButton = FXUtils.newBorderButton(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export"));
+                    exportLogPane.setContent(logButton);
+                    logButton.setOnAction(e -> {
+                        exportLogPane.showSpinner();
+                        onExportLogs().whenCompleteAsync((result, exception) -> {
+                            exportLogPane.hideSpinner();
+                            if (exception == null) {
+                                Controllers.dialog(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export.success", result));
+                                FXUtils.showFileInExplorer(result);
+                            } else {
+                                LOG.warning("Failed to export logs", exception);
+                                Controllers.dialog(
+                                        i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export.failed") + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception),
+                                        null,
+                                        MessageType.ERROR
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }, Schedulers.javafx());
+                    });
+
+                    HBox buttonBox = new HBox();
+                    buttonBox.setSpacing(10);
+                    buttonBox.getChildren().addAll(openLogFolderButton, exportLogPane);
+                    BorderPane.setAlignment(buttonBox, Pos.CENTER_RIGHT);
+                    debugPane.setRight(buttonBox);
+
+                    miscPaneList.getContent().add(debugPane);
+                }
+
+                rootPane.getChildren().addAll(ComponentList.createComponentListTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.misc")), miscPaneList);
            }
-
-            if (AprilFools.isShowAprilFoolsSettings()) {
-                LineToggleButton disableAprilFools = new LineToggleButton();
-                disableAprilFools.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.disable_april_fools"));
-                disableAprilFools.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.take_effect_after_restart"));
-                disableAprilFools.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAprilFoolsProperty());
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(disableAprilFools);
-            }
-
-            {
-                MultiFileItem<EnumCommonDirectory> fileCommonLocation = new MultiFileItem<>();
-                fileCommonLocation.loadChildren(Arrays.asList(
-                        new MultiFileItem.Option<>(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.default"), EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT),
-                        new MultiFileItem.FileOption<>(i18n("settings.custom"), EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM)
-                                .setChooserTitle(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.choose"))
-                                .setSelectionMode(FileSelector.SelectionMode.DIRECTORY)
-                                .bindBidirectional(config().commonDirectoryProperty())
-                ));
-                fileCommonLocation.selectedDataProperty().bindBidirectional(config().commonDirTypeProperty());
-
-                ComponentSublist fileCommonLocationSublist = new ComponentSublist();
-                fileCommonLocationSublist.getContent().add(fileCommonLocation);
-                fileCommonLocationSublist.setTitle(i18n("launcher.cache_directory"));
-                fileCommonLocationSublist.setHasSubtitle(true);
-                fileCommonLocationSublist.subtitleProperty().bind(
-                        Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> Optional.ofNullable(Settings.instance().getCommonDirectory())
-                                        .orElse(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.disabled")),
-                                config().commonDirectoryProperty(), config().commonDirTypeProperty()));
-
-                JFXButton cleanButton = FXUtils.newBorderButton(i18n("launcher.cache_directory.clean"));
-                cleanButton.setOnAction(e -> clearCacheDirectory());
-                fileCommonLocationSublist.setHeaderRight(cleanButton);
-
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(fileCommonLocationSublist);
-            }
-
-            {
-                var chooseLanguagePane = new LineSelectButton<SupportedLocale>();
-                chooseLanguagePane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.language"));
-                chooseLanguagePane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.take_effect_after_restart"));
-
-                SupportedLocale currentLocale = I18n.getLocale();
-                chooseLanguagePane.setConverter(locale -> {
-                    if (locale.isDefault())
-                        return locale.getDisplayName(currentLocale);
-                    else if (locale.isSameLanguage(currentLocale))
-                        return locale.getDisplayName(locale);
-                    else
-                        return locale.getDisplayName(currentLocale) + " - " + locale.getDisplayName(locale);
-                });
-                chooseLanguagePane.setItems(SupportedLocale.getSupportedLocales());
-                chooseLanguagePane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(config().localizationProperty());
-
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(chooseLanguagePane);
-            }
-
-            {
-                LineToggleButton disableAutoGameOptionsPane = new LineToggleButton();
-                disableAutoGameOptionsPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.disable_auto_game_options"));
-                disableAutoGameOptionsPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().disableAutoGameOptionsProperty());
-
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(disableAutoGameOptionsPane);
-            }
-
-            {
-                LineToggleButton allowAutoAgentPane = new LineToggleButton();
-                allowAutoAgentPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.launcher.allow_auto_agent"));
-                allowAutoAgentPane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.launcher.allow_auto_agent.subtitle"));
-                allowAutoAgentPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(config().allowAutoAgentProperty());
-
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(allowAutoAgentPane);
-            }
-
-            {
-                BorderPane debugPane = new BorderPane();
-
-                Label left = new Label(i18n("settings.launcher.debug"));
-                BorderPane.setAlignment(left, Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
-                debugPane.setLeft(left);
-
-                JFXButton openLogFolderButton = new JFXButton(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.reveal"));
-                openLogFolderButton.setOnAction(e -> openLogFolder());
-                openLogFolderButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-button-border");
-                if (LOG.getLogFile() == null)
-                    openLogFolderButton.setDisable(true);
-
-                SpinnerPane exportLogPane = new SpinnerPane();
-
-                JFXButton logButton = FXUtils.newBorderButton(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export"));
-                exportLogPane.setContent(logButton);
-                logButton.setOnAction(e -> {
-                    exportLogPane.showSpinner();
-                    onExportLogs().whenCompleteAsync((result, exception) -> {
-                        exportLogPane.hideSpinner();
-                        if (exception == null) {
-                            Controllers.dialog(i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export.success", result));
-                            FXUtils.showFileInExplorer(result);
-                        } else {
-                            LOG.warning("Failed to export logs", exception);
-                            Controllers.dialog(
-                                    i18n("settings.launcher.launcher_log.export.failed") + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception),
-                                    null,
-                                    MessageType.ERROR
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }, Schedulers.javafx());
-                });
-
-                HBox buttonBox = new HBox();
-                buttonBox.setSpacing(10);
-                buttonBox.getChildren().addAll(openLogFolderButton, exportLogPane);
-                BorderPane.setAlignment(buttonBox, Pos.CENTER_RIGHT);
-                debugPane.setRight(buttonBox);
-
-                settingsPane.getContent().add(debugPane);
-            }
-
-            rootPane.getChildren().add(settingsPane);
        }
    }

@@ -451,15 +401,4 @@ public final class SettingsPage extends ScrollPane {
            return outputFile;
        }), Schedulers.io());
    }
-
-    private void onSponsor() {
-        FXUtils.openLink("https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL");
-    }
-
-    private void clearCacheDirectory() {
-        String commonDirectory = Settings.instance().getCommonDirectory();
-        if (commonDirectory != null) {
-            FileUtils.cleanDirectoryQuietly(Path.of(commonDirectory, "cache"));
-        }
-    }
 }
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ public class SkinCube extends MeshView {
                    5, 0, 4, 1, 0, 5,    //P5,T0, P4,T1, P0,T5
                    5, 0, 0, 5, 1, 4,    //P5,T0, P0,T5, P1,T4
                    // RIGHT
-                    0, 5, 4, 6, 6, 11,   //P0,T4 ,P4,T3, P6,T8
-                    0, 5, 6, 11, 2, 10,  //P0,T4 ,P6,T8, P2,T9
+                    5, 3, 1, 4, 3, 9,    //P5,T3, P1,T4, P3,T9
+                    5, 3, 3, 9, 7, 8,    //P5,T3, P3,T9, P7,T8
                    // FRONT
                    1, 4, 0, 5, 2, 10,   //P1,T5, P0,T4, P2,T9
                    1, 4, 2, 10, 3, 9,   //P1,T5, P2,T9, P3,T10
                    // LEFT
-                    5, 3, 1, 4, 3, 9,    //P5,T6, P1,T5, P3,T10
-                    5, 3, 3, 9, 7, 8,    //P5,T6, P3,T10,P7,T11
+                    0, 5, 4, 6, 6, 11,   //P0,T4 ,P4,T3, P6,T8
+                    0, 5, 6, 11, 2, 10,  //P0,T4 ,P6,T8, P2,T9
                    // BACK
                    4, 6, 5, 7, 7, 12,   //P4,T6, P5,T7, P7,T12
                    4, 6, 7, 12, 6, 11,  //P4,T6, P7,T12,P6,T11
@@ -131,14 +131,15 @@ public class SkinMultipleCubes extends Group {
        // LEFT
        getChildren().add(new Face(skin, start_x + width_interval + depth_interval, start_y + depth_interval, depth, height, interval, false, false,
                () -> new Box(thick, length, length), (b, p) -> {
-            b.setTranslateX((width * length + thick) / 2.0);
+            b.setTranslateX(-(width * length + thick) / 2.0);
            b.setTranslateY(-((height - 1) / 2.0 - p.getY()) * b.getHeight());
            b.setTranslateZ(((depth - 1) / 2.0 - p.getX()) * b.getDepth());
        }));
+
        // RIGHT
        getChildren().add(new Face(skin, start_x, start_y + depth_interval, depth, height, interval, true, false,
                () -> new Box(thick, length, length), (b, p) -> {
-            b.setTranslateX(-(width * length + thick) / 2.0);
+            b.setTranslateX((width * length + thick) / 2.0);
            b.setTranslateY(-((height - 1) / 2.0 - p.getY()) * b.getHeight());
            b.setTranslateZ(((depth - 1) / 2.0 - p.getX()) * b.getDepth());
        }));
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor

            graphicsBackendPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
            graphicsBackendPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend"));
-            graphicsBackendPane.setConverter(backend -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend." + backend.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+            graphicsBackendPane.setNullSafeConverter(backend -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend." + backend.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
            graphicsBackendPane.setDescriptionConverter(backend -> switch (backend) {
                    case DEFAULT -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default.desc");
                    case OPENGL -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl.desc");
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor

            rendererPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
            rendererPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.renderer"));
-            rendererPane.setConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.renderer." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+            rendererPane.setNullSafeConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.renderer." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
            rendererPane.setDescriptionConverter(e -> {
                String bundleKey = "settings.advanced.renderer." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) + ".desc";
                return I18n.hasKey(bundleKey) ? i18n(bundleKey) : null;
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ public final class VersionSettingsPage extends StackPane implements DecoratorPag
            launcherVisibilityPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
            launcherVisibilityPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.launcher_visible"));
            launcherVisibilityPane.setItems(LauncherVisibility.values());
-            launcherVisibilityPane.setConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.launcher_visibility." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+            launcherVisibilityPane.setNullSafeConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.launcher_visibility." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));

            BorderPane dimensionPane = new BorderPane();
            {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ public final class VersionSettingsPage extends StackPane implements DecoratorPag
            enableDebugLogOutputPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.enable_debug_log_output"));
            processPriorityPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
            processPriorityPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.process_priority"));
-            processPriorityPane.setConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.process_priority." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+            processPriorityPane.setNullSafeConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.process_priority." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
            processPriorityPane.setDescriptionConverter(e -> {
                String bundleKey = "settings.advanced.process_priority." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) + ".desc";
                return I18n.hasKey(bundleKey) ? i18n(bundleKey) : null;
@@ -24,13 +24,11 @@ import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
 import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
-import javafx.scene.Cursor;
 import javafx.scene.control.Label;
 import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
 import javafx.scene.effect.BoxBlur;
 import javafx.scene.image.Image;
 import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
-import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
 import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
 import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
 import org.glavo.nbt.tag.*;
@@ -162,11 +160,10 @@ public final class WorldInfoPage extends SpinnerPane implements WorldManagePage.
                seedPane.setTitle(i18n("world.info.random_seed"));

                SimpleBooleanProperty visibility = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
-                StackPane visibilityButton = new StackPane();
+                JFXButton visibilityButton = FXUtils.newToggleButton4(SVG.VISIBILITY_OFF);
                {
-                    visibilityButton.setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
-                    visibilityButton.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_RIGHT);
-                    FXUtils.onClicked(visibilityButton, () -> visibility.set(!visibility.get()));
+                    visibilityButton.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
+                    visibilityButton.setOnAction((event) -> visibility.set(!visibility.get()));
                }

                Label seedLabel = new Label();
@@ -180,7 +177,7 @@ public final class WorldInfoPage extends SpinnerPane implements WorldManagePage.
                    blur.setIterations(3);
                    FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(visibility, isVisibility -> {
                        SVG icon = isVisibility ? SVG.VISIBILITY : SVG.VISIBILITY_OFF;
-                        visibilityButton.getChildren().setAll(icon.createIcon(12));
+                        visibilityButton.setGraphic(icon.createIcon(16));
                        seedLabel.setEffect(isVisibility ? null : blur);
                    });
                }
@@ -98,5 +98,10 @@
    "title": "TomlJ",
    "subtitle": "Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.",
    "externalLink": "https://github.com/tomlj/tomlj"
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "WebURL for Java",
+    "subtitle": "Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.",
+    "externalLink": "https://github.com/Glavo/weburl-java"
  }
 ]
@@ -1484,6 +1484,7 @@ settings.launcher.download_source=Download Source
 settings.launcher.download_source.auto=Automatically Choose Download Sources
 settings.launcher.default_addon_source=Default Addon Source
 settings.launcher.enable_game_list=Show instance list in homepage
+settings.launcher.misc=Misc
 settings.launcher.font=Font
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing=Anti-aliasing
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing.auto=Auto
@@ -1274,6 +1274,7 @@ settings.launcher.download_source=下載來源
 settings.launcher.download_source.auto=自動選取下載來源
 settings.launcher.default_addon_source=遊戲內容預設下載來源
 settings.launcher.enable_game_list=在首頁內顯示遊戲清單
+settings.launcher.misc=雜項
 settings.launcher.font=字體
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing=反鋸齒
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing.auto=自動
@@ -369,11 +369,11 @@ download.provider.bmclapi.desc=适用于中国大陆的镜像源
 download.provider.mojang=官方
 download.provider.mojang.desc=注：OptiFine 自动安装使用 BMCLAPI 下载源
 download.provider.official=尽量使用官方源
-download.provider.official.desc=最新，但可能加载慢
+download.provider.official.desc=优先从官方源获取信息
 download.provider.balanced=选择加载速度快的下载源
-download.provider.balanced.desc=平衡，但可能不是最新
+download.provider.balanced.desc=根据你的网络连接情况选择最佳源
 download.provider.mirror=尽量使用镜像源
-download.provider.mirror.desc=加载快，但可能不是最新
+download.provider.mirror.desc=推荐中国大陆用户使用
 download.java=下载 Java
 download.java.process=下载 Java
 download.javafx=正在下载必要的运行时组件……
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ world.info.player.game_type=游戏模式
 world.info.player.game_type.adventure=冒险
 world.info.player.game_type.creative=创造
 world.info.player.game_type.hardcore=极限
-world.info.player.game_type.spectator=旁观者
+world.info.player.game_type.spectator=旁观
 world.info.player.game_type.survival=生存
 world.info.player.health=生命值
 world.info.player.last_death_location=上次死亡位置
@@ -1279,6 +1279,7 @@ settings.launcher.download_source=下载源
 settings.launcher.download_source.auto=自动选择下载源
 settings.launcher.default_addon_source=游戏内容默认下载源
 settings.launcher.enable_game_list=在主页内显示版本列表
+settings.launcher.misc=杂项
 settings.launcher.font=字体
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing=抗锯齿
 settings.launcher.font.anti_aliasing.auto=自动
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ dependencies {
    api(libs.jna)
    api(libs.pci.ids)
    api(libs.hello.nbt)
+    api(libs.weburl)

    compileOnlyApi(libs.jetbrains.annotations)

@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;

+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.YggdrasilService;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.HttpRequest;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
@@ -58,13 +57,17 @@ public class AuthlibInjectorServer implements Observable {
    public static AuthlibInjectorServer locateServer(String url) throws IOException {
        try {
            url = NetworkUtils.addHttpsIfMissing(url);
-            HttpURLConnection conn = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(url);
+
+            WebURL webURL = WebURL.parseBrowserInput(url);
+            url = webURL.toString();
+
+            HttpURLConnection conn = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(webURL);
            conn = NetworkUtils.resolveConnection(conn);

            String ali = conn.getHeaderField("x-authlib-injector-api-location");
            if (ali != null) {
-                URI absoluteAli = conn.getURL().toURI().resolve(NetworkUtils.toURI(ali));
-                if (!urlEqualsIgnoreSlash(url, absoluteAli.toString())) {
+                WebURL absoluteAli = WebURL.parse(ali, WebURL.of(conn.getURL()));
+                if (!urlEqualsIgnoreSlash(webURL.toString(), absoluteAli.toString())) {
                    conn.disconnect();
                    url = absoluteAli.toString();
                    conn = NetworkUtils.resolveConnection(NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(absoluteAli));
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ public class AuthlibInjectorServer implements Observable {
            } finally {
                conn.disconnect();
            }
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | URISyntaxException e) {
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new IOException(e);
        }
    }
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
@@ -244,10 +245,15 @@ public class Skin {
        }

        @Override
-        protected Context getContext(HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
+        protected Context getContext(@Nullable HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
            return new Context() {
                final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

+                @Override
+                public void reset() throws IOException {
+                    baos.reset();
+                }
+
                @Override
                public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) {
                    baos.write(buffer, offset, len);
@@ -260,7 +266,7 @@ public class Skin {
                    setResult(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()));

                    if (checkETag) {
-                        repository.cacheBytes(response, baos.toByteArray());
+                        repository.cacheBytes(UrlResponseInfo.of(response), baos.toByteArray());
                    }
                }
            };
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FileDownloadTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.ZlibUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalFunction;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ChecksumMismatchException;
@@ -168,6 +169,22 @@ public class ForgeNewInstallTask extends Task<Version> {
                }

                if (!Objects.equals(code, entry.getValue())) {
+                    if (!ZlibUtils.IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE && FileUtils.getExtension(artifact).equals("jar")) {
+                        // Forge/NeoForge generates JARs dynamically during installation.
+                        // When native compression libraries such as zlib-ng are in use,
+                        // the resulting JAR may be compressed differently, causing its
+                        // SHA-1 hash to differ from the expected value recorded in the
+                        // install profile. In this case, fall back to verifying that the
+                        // file is at least a structurally valid ZIP/JAR archive.
+                        try {
+                            FileDownloadTask.ZIP_INTEGRITY_CHECK_HANDLER.checkIntegrity(artifact, artifact);
+                            LOG.info("Ignoring SHA-1 mismatch for " + artifact + " due to non-standard zlib compression output");
+                            continue;
+                        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+                        }
+                    }
+
+
                    Files.delete(artifact);
                    throw new ChecksumMismatchException("SHA-1", entry.getValue(), code);
                }
@@ -19,14 +19,18 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.task;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 import java.util.*;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -80,17 +84,29 @@ public final class CacheFileTask extends FetchTask<Path> {
    }

    @Override
-    protected Context getContext(HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
+    protected Context getContext(@Nullable HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
        assert checkETag;
        assert response != null;

-        Path temp = Files.createTempFile("hmcl-download-", null);
-        OutputStream fileOutput = Files.newOutputStream(temp);
-
        return new Context() {
+            private final Path temp = Files.createTempFile("hmcl-download-", null);
+            private final FileChannel fileOutput = FileChannel.open(temp,
+                    StandardOpenOption.WRITE,
+                    StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING,
+                    StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
+
+            @Override
+            public void reset() throws IOException {
+                fileOutput.truncate(0L);
+            }
+
            @Override
            public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
-                fileOutput.write(buffer, offset, len);
+                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, offset, len);
+                while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                    fileOutput.write(byteBuffer);
+                }
            }

            @Override
@@ -99,25 +115,27 @@ public final class CacheFileTask extends FetchTask<Path> {
                    fileOutput.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to close file: " + temp, e);
+                    deleteTempFile();
+                    throw e;
                }

                if (!isSuccess()) {
-                    try {
-                        Files.deleteIfExists(temp);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to delete file: " + temp, e);
-                    }
+                    deleteTempFile();
                    return;
                }

                try {
-                    setResult(repository.cacheRemoteFile(response, temp));
+                    setResult(repository.cacheRemoteFile(UrlResponseInfo.of(response), temp));
                } finally {
-                    try {
-                        Files.deleteIfExists(temp);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to delete file: " + temp, e);
-                    }
+                    deleteTempFile();
+                }
+            }
+
+            private void deleteTempFile() {
+                try {
+                    Files.deleteIfExists(temp);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to delete file: " + temp, e);
                }
            }
        };
@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.Event;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ContentEncoding;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ResponseCodeException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.*;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

@@ -38,8 +35,13 @@ import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.*;
-import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.threadPool;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -91,14 +93,11 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
    public void execute() throws Exception {
        boolean checkETag;
        switch (shouldCheckETag()) {
-            case CHECK_E_TAG:
-                checkETag = true;
-                break;
-            case NOT_CHECK_E_TAG:
-                checkETag = false;
-                break;
-            default:
+            case CHECK_E_TAG -> checkETag = true;
+            case NOT_CHECK_E_TAG -> checkETag = false;
+            default -> {
                return;
+            }
        }

        ArrayList<DownloadException> exceptions = null;
@@ -135,12 +134,111 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
        }
    }

+    private static final class HttpResumeContext {
+        private static final Pattern CONTENT_RANGE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("bytes ([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)");
+
+        static @Nullable FetchTask.HttpResumeContext of(HttpResponse<?> response) throws IOException {
+            if (response.statusCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
+                return null;
+
+            boolean acceptRanges = response.headers().firstValue("accept-ranges").orElse("").equalsIgnoreCase("bytes");
+            if (!acceptRanges)
+                return null;
+
+            var contentEncoding = ContentEncoding.fromHeaders(response.headers());
+            if (contentEncoding != ContentEncoding.IDENTITY)
+                return null;
+
+            long contentLength = response.headers().firstValueAsLong("content-length").orElse(-1L);
+            if (contentLength < 0)
+                return null;
+
+            String eTag = response.headers().firstValue("etag").orElse(null);
+            String strongETag = isStrongETag(eTag) ? eTag : null;
+            String lastModified = response.headers().firstValue("last-modified").orElse(null);
+            if (strongETag == null && StringUtils.isBlank(lastModified))
+                return null;
+
+            return new HttpResumeContext(response.uri(), contentLength, strongETag, lastModified);
+        }
+
+        private final URI uri;
+        private final long contentLength;
+        private final @Nullable String strongETag;
+        private final @Nullable String lastModified;
+
+        long countUncompressed;
+
+        private HttpResumeContext(URI uri, long contentLength, @Nullable String strongETag, @Nullable String lastModified) {
+            this.uri = uri;
+            this.contentLength = contentLength;
+            this.strongETag = strongETag;
+            this.lastModified = lastModified;
+        }
+
+        private static boolean isStrongETag(@Nullable String eTag) {
+            return StringUtils.isNotBlank(eTag) && !eTag.regionMatches(true, 0, "W/", 0, 2);
+        }
+
+        String ifRange() {
+            return strongETag != null ? strongETag : Objects.requireNonNull(lastModified);
+        }
+
+        boolean canResume(HttpResponse<?> response) throws IOException {
+            if (response.statusCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_PARTIAL)
+                return false;
+
+            var contentEncoding = ContentEncoding.fromHeaders(response.headers());
+            if (contentEncoding != ContentEncoding.IDENTITY)
+                return false;
+
+            long contentLength = response.headers().firstValueAsLong("content-length").orElse(-1L);
+            if (this.contentLength != contentLength + this.countUncompressed)
+                return false;
+
+            if (strongETag != null) {
+                String eTag = response.headers().firstValue("etag").orElse(null);
+                if (!strongETag.equals(eTag))
+                    return false;
+            } else {
+                if (!uri.equals(response.uri()))
+                    return false;
+
+                String lastModified = response.headers().firstValue("last-modified").orElse("");
+                if (!Objects.requireNonNull(this.lastModified).equals(lastModified))
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            String contentRange = response.headers().firstValue("content-range").orElse("");
+            Matcher matcher = CONTENT_RANGE_PATTERN.matcher(contentRange);
+            if (!matcher.matches())
+                return false;
+
+            try {
+                long start = Long.parseLong(matcher.group(1));
+                long end = Long.parseLong(matcher.group(2));
+                long total = Long.parseLong(matcher.group(3));
+
+                if (start != countUncompressed || end < start || total != this.contentLength)
+                    return false;
+
+                return end - start + 1 == contentLength;
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean hasPartialContent() {
+            return countUncompressed > 0 && countUncompressed < contentLength;
+        }
+    }
+
    private void download(Context context,
-                          InputStream inputStream,
+                          @Nullable FetchTask.HttpResumeContext resume, InputStream inputStream,
                          long contentLength,
                          ContentEncoding contentEncoding) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-        try (var ignored = context;
-             var counter = new CounterInputStream(inputStream);
+        boolean success = false;
+        try (var counter = new CounterInputStream(inputStream);
             var input = contentEncoding.wrap(counter)) {
            long lastDownloaded = 0L;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[IOUtils.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -150,7 +248,15 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
                int len = input.read(buffer);
                if (len == -1) break;

-                context.write(buffer, 0, len);
+                try {
+                    context.write(buffer, 0, len);
+                } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    context.broken = true;
+                    throw e;
+                }
+
+                if (resume != null)
+                    resume.countUncompressed += len;

                if (contentLength >= 0) {
                    // Update progress information per second
@@ -169,6 +275,10 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
            if (contentLength >= 0 && counter.downloaded != contentLength)
                throw new IOException("Unexpected file size: " + counter.downloaded + ", expected: " + contentLength);

+            success = true;
+        }
+
+        if (success) {
            context.withResult(true);
        }
    }
@@ -185,121 +295,197 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
            }
        }

+        Context context = null;
+        HttpResumeContext resumeContext = null;
+
        ArrayList<Exception> exceptions = null;

        // If loading the cache fails, the cache should not be loaded again.
        boolean useCachedResult = true;
-        for (int retryTime = 0, retryLimit = retry; retryTime < retryLimit; retryTime++) {
-            if (isCancelled()) {
-                throw new InterruptedException();
-            }
-
-            List<URI> redirects = null;
-            try {
-                beforeDownload(uri);
-                updateProgress(0);
-
-                HttpResponse<InputStream> response;
-                String bmclapiHash;
-
-                URI currentURI = uri;
-
-                LinkedHashMap<String, String> headers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-                headers.put("accept-encoding", "gzip");
-                if (useCachedResult && checkETag)
-                    headers.putAll(repository.injectConnection(uri));
-
-                do {
-                    HttpRequest.Builder requestBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(currentURI)
-                            .timeout(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkUtils.TIME_OUT))
-                            .header("User-Agent", NetworkUtils.USER_AGENT);
-
-                    headers.forEach(requestBuilder::header);
-                    response = Holder.HTTP_CLIENT.send(requestBuilder.build(), BODY_HANDLER);
-
-                    bmclapiHash = response.headers().firstValue("x-bmclapi-hash").orElse(null);
-                    if (DigestUtils.isSha1Digest(bmclapiHash)) {
-                        Optional<Path> cache = repository.checkExistentFile(null, "SHA-1", bmclapiHash);
-                        if (cache.isPresent()) {
-                            useCachedResult(cache.get());
-                            LOG.info("Using cached file for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
-                            return;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    int code = response.statusCode();
-                    if (code >= 300 && code <= 308 && code != 306 && code != 304) {
-                        if (redirects == null) {
-                            redirects = new ArrayList<>();
-                        } else if (redirects.size() >= 20) {
-                            throw new IOException("Too much redirects");
-                        }
-
-                        String location = response.headers().firstValue("Location").orElse(null);
-                        if (StringUtils.isBlank(location))
-                            throw new IOException("Redirected to an empty location");
-
-                        URI target = currentURI.resolve(NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(location));
-                        redirects.add(target);
-
-                        if (!NetworkUtils.isHttpUri(target))
-                            throw new IOException("Redirected to not http URI: " + target);
-
-                        currentURI = target;
-                    } else {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                } while (true);
-
-                int responseCode = response.statusCode();
-                if (useCachedResult && responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
-                    // Handle cache
-                    try {
-                        Path cache = repository.getCachedRemoteFile(currentURI, false);
-                        useCachedResult(cache);
-                        LOG.info("Using cached file for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
-                        return;
-                    } catch (CacheRepository.CacheExpiredException e) {
-                        LOG.info("Cache expired for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Unable to use cached file, redownload " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri), e);
-                        repository.removeRemoteEntry(currentURI);
-                        useCachedResult = false;
-                        // Now we must reconnect the server since 304 may result in empty content,
-                        // if we want to redownload the file, we must reconnect the server without etag settings.
-                        retryLimit++;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                } else if (responseCode / 100 == 4) {
-                    throw new FileNotFoundException(uri.toString());
-                } else if (responseCode / 100 != 2) {
-                    throw new ResponseCodeException(uri, responseCode);
+        try {
+            for (int retryTime = 0, retryLimit = retry; retryTime < retryLimit; retryTime++) {
+                if (isCancelled()) {
+                    throw new InterruptedException();
                }

-                long contentLength = response.headers().firstValueAsLong("content-length").orElse(-1L);
-                var contentEncoding = ContentEncoding.fromResponse(response);
+                List<URI> redirects = null;
+                try {
+                    beforeDownload(uri);
+                    updateProgress(0);

-                download(getContext(response, checkETag, bmclapiHash),
-                        response.body(),
-                        contentLength,
-                        contentEncoding);
-                return;
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                throw e;
-            } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to download " + uri + ", not found" + (redirects == null ? "" : ", redirects: " + redirects), ex);
-                throw toDownloadException(uri, ex, exceptions); // we will not try this URL again
-            } catch (Exception ex) {
-                if (exceptions == null)
-                    exceptions = new ArrayList<>();
+                    HttpResponse<InputStream> response;
+                    String bmclapiHash;

-                exceptions.add(ex);
+                    URI currentURI = uri;

-                LOG.warning("Failed to download " + uri + ", repeat times: " + retryTime + (redirects == null ? "" : ", redirects: " + redirects), ex);
+                    LinkedHashMap<String, String> headers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                    headers.put("accept-encoding", "gzip");

-                if (retryTime < retryLimit - 1) {
-                    // Wait for a while before retrying
-                    Thread.sleep(200);
+                    boolean resumeRequested = resumeContext != null && resumeContext.hasPartialContent();
+                    if (useCachedResult && checkETag && !resumeRequested)
+                        headers.putAll(repository.injectConnection(uri));
+                    if (resumeRequested) {
+                        headers.put("range", "bytes=" + resumeContext.countUncompressed + "-");
+                        headers.put("if-range", resumeContext.ifRange());
+                    }
+
+                    do {
+                        HttpRequest.Builder requestBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(currentURI)
+                                .timeout(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkUtils.TIME_OUT))
+                                .header("User-Agent", NetworkUtils.USER_AGENT);
+                        headers.forEach(requestBuilder::header);
+                        response = Holder.HTTP_CLIENT.send(requestBuilder.build(), BODY_HANDLER);
+
+                        bmclapiHash = response.headers().firstValue("x-bmclapi-hash").orElse(null);
+                        if (DigestUtils.isSha1Digest(bmclapiHash)) {
+                            Optional<Path> cache = repository.checkExistentFile(null, "SHA-1", bmclapiHash);
+                            if (cache.isPresent()) {
+                                closeResponseBody(response);
+                                useCachedResult(cache.get());
+                                LOG.info("Using cached file for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        int code = response.statusCode();
+                        if (code >= 300 && code <= 308 && code != 306 && code != 304) {
+                            if (redirects == null) {
+                                redirects = new ArrayList<>();
+                            } else if (redirects.size() >= 20) {
+                                throw new IOException("Too much redirects");
+                            }
+
+                            String location = response.headers().firstValue("Location").orElse(null);
+                            if (StringUtils.isBlank(location))
+                                throw new IOException("Redirected to an empty location");
+
+                            URI target = currentURI.resolve(NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(location));
+                            redirects.add(target);
+
+                            if (!NetworkUtils.isHttpUri(target))
+                                throw new IOException("Redirected to not http URI: " + target);
+
+                            closeResponseBody(response);
+                            currentURI = target;
+                        } else {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } while (true);
+
+                    boolean closeResponseBody = true;
+                    try {
+                        int responseCode = response.statusCode();
+                        if (resumeRequested && responseCode == 416) {
+                            resumeContext = null;
+                            discardContext(context);
+                            context = null;
+                            retryLimit++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (useCachedResult && responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
+                            // Handle cache
+                            try {
+                                Path cache = repository.getCachedRemoteFile(currentURI, false);
+                                useCachedResult(cache);
+                                LOG.info("Using cached file for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
+                                return;
+                            } catch (CacheRepository.CacheExpiredException e) {
+                                LOG.info("Cache expired for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
+                            } catch (IOException e) {
+                                LOG.warning("Unable to use cached file, redownload " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri), e);
+                                repository.removeRemoteEntry(currentURI);
+                                useCachedResult = false;
+                                // Now we must reconnect the server since 304 may result in empty content,
+                                // if we want to redownload the file, we must reconnect the server without etag settings.
+                                retryLimit++;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        } else if (responseCode / 100 == 4) {
+                            throw new FileNotFoundException(uri.toString());
+                        } else if (responseCode / 100 != 2) {
+                            throw new ResponseCodeException(uri, responseCode);
+                        }
+
+                        long contentLength = response.headers().firstValueAsLong("content-length").orElse(-1L);
+                        var contentEncoding = ContentEncoding.fromHeaders(response.headers());
+
+                        if (context == null) {
+                            context = getContext(response, checkETag, bmclapiHash);
+                            resumeContext = HttpResumeContext.of(response);
+                        } else if (resumeRequested) {
+                            if (resumeContext.canResume(response)) {
+                                // Resume download
+                                LOG.info("Resuming " + resumeContext.uri + " from " + resumeContext.countUncompressed);
+                            } else {
+                                // Failed to resume download, so we will retry from the beginning
+                                resumeContext = null;
+                                discardContext(context);
+                                context = null;
+                                retryLimit++;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            discardContext(context);
+                            context = getContext(response, checkETag, bmclapiHash);
+                            resumeContext = HttpResumeContext.of(response);
+                        }
+
+                        try {
+                            closeResponseBody = false;
+                            download(context,
+                                    resumeContext, response.body(),
+                                    contentLength,
+                                    contentEncoding);
+                        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException | RuntimeException | Error e) {
+                            if (context.broken) {
+                                IOUtils.closeQuietly(context, e);
+                                context = null;
+                                resumeContext = null;
+                            }
+                            throw e;
+                        }
+                        try {
+                            context.close();
+                        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException | Error e) {
+                            context.withResult(false);
+                            IOUtils.closeQuietly(context, e);
+                            context = null;
+                            resumeContext = null;
+                            throw e;
+                        }
+                        context = null;
+                        return;
+                    } finally {
+                        if (closeResponseBody) {
+                            closeResponseBody(response);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw e;
+                } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to download " + uri + ", not found" + (redirects == null ? "" : ", redirects: " + redirects), ex);
+                    throw toDownloadException(uri, ex, exceptions); // we will not try this URL again
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    if (exceptions == null)
+                        exceptions = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                    exceptions.add(ex);
+
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to download " + uri + ", repeat times: " + retryTime + (redirects == null ? "" : ", redirects: " + redirects), ex);
+
+                    if (retryTime < retryLimit - 1) {
+                        // Wait for a while before retrying
+                        Thread.sleep(200);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (context != null) {
+                try {
+                    context.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to close context for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri), e);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -307,6 +493,19 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
        throw toDownloadException(uri, null, exceptions);
    }

+    private static void closeResponseBody(HttpResponse<InputStream> response) {
+        InputStream body = response.body();
+        if (body != null)
+            IOUtils.closeQuietly(body);
+    }
+
+    private static void discardContext(@Nullable Context context) {
+        if (context != null) {
+            context.withResult(false);
+            IOUtils.closeQuietly(context);
+        }
+    }
+
    private void downloadNotHttp(URI uri) throws DownloadException, InterruptedException {
        ArrayList<Exception> exceptions = null;
        for (int retryTime = 0; retryTime < retry; retryTime++) {
@@ -319,10 +518,12 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
                updateProgress(0);

                URLConnection conn = NetworkUtils.createConnection(uri);
-                download(getContext(),
-                        conn.getInputStream(),
-                        conn.getContentLengthLong(),
-                        ContentEncoding.fromConnection(conn));
+                try (Context context = getContext()) {
+                    download(context,
+                            null, conn.getInputStream(),
+                            conn.getContentLengthLong(),
+                            ContentEncoding.fromConnection(conn));
+                }
                return;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw e;
@@ -425,16 +626,22 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {

    protected static abstract class Context implements Closeable {
        private boolean success;
+        private boolean broken;

-        public abstract void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException;
+        protected final boolean isSuccess() {
+            return success;
+        }

        public void withResult(boolean success) {
            this.success = success;
        }

-        protected boolean isSuccess() {
-            return success;
-        }
+        public abstract void reset() throws IOException;
+
+        public abstract void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException;
+
+        @Override
+        public abstract void close() throws IOException;
    }

    protected enum EnumCheckETag {
@@ -22,15 +22,20 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ChecksumMismatchException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.util.*;

@@ -44,10 +49,7 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 */
 public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {

-    public static class IntegrityCheck {
-        private final String algorithm;
-        private final String checksum;
-
+    public record IntegrityCheck(String algorithm, String checksum) {
        public IntegrityCheck(String algorithm, String checksum) {
            this.algorithm = requireNonNull(algorithm);
            this.checksum = requireNonNull(checksum);
@@ -58,16 +60,8 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
            else return new IntegrityCheck(algorithm, checksum);
        }

-        public String getAlgorithm() {
-            return algorithm;
-        }
-
-        public String getChecksum() {
-            return checksum;
-        }
-
        @Override
-        public String toString() {
+        public @NotNull String toString() {
            return String.format("IntegrityCheck[algorithm='%s', checksum='%s']", algorithm, checksum);
        }
    }
@@ -158,7 +152,7 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
    protected EnumCheckETag shouldCheckETag() {
        // Check cache
        if (integrityCheck != null && caching) {
-            Optional<Path> cache = repository.checkExistentFile(candidate, integrityCheck.getAlgorithm(), integrityCheck.getChecksum());
+            Optional<Path> cache = repository.checkExistentFile(candidate, integrityCheck.algorithm(), integrityCheck.checksum());
            if (cache.isPresent()) {
                try {
                    FileUtils.copyFile(cache.get(), file);
@@ -185,14 +179,14 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
    }

    @Override
-    protected Context getContext(HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
+    protected Context getContext(@Nullable HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) throws IOException {
        Path temp = Files.createTempFile(null, null);

        String algorithm;
        String checksum;
        if (integrityCheck != null) {
-            algorithm = integrityCheck.getAlgorithm();
-            checksum = integrityCheck.getChecksum();
+            algorithm = integrityCheck.algorithm();
+            checksum = integrityCheck.checksum();
        } else if (bmclapiHash != null && DigestUtils.isSha1Digest(bmclapiHash)) {
            algorithm = "SHA-1";
            checksum = bmclapiHash;
@@ -203,15 +197,32 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {

        MessageDigest digest = algorithm != null ? DigestUtils.getDigest(algorithm) : null;

-        OutputStream fileOutput = Files.newOutputStream(temp);
+        FileChannel fileOutput = FileChannel.open(temp,
+                StandardOpenOption.WRITE,
+                StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING,
+                StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        return new Context() {
+            @Override
+            public void reset() throws IOException {
+                if (digest != null) {
+                    digest.reset();
+                }
+
+                fileOutput.truncate(0L);
+                fileOutput.position(0L);
+            }
+
            @Override
            public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
                if (digest != null) {
                    digest.update(buffer, offset, len);
                }

-                fileOutput.write(buffer, offset, len);
+                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, offset, len);
+                while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                    fileOutput.write(byteBuffer);
+                }
            }

            @Override
@@ -220,47 +231,60 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
                    fileOutput.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to close file: " + temp, e);
+                    deleteTempFile();
+                    throw e;
                }

                if (!isSuccess()) {
-                    try {
-                        Files.deleteIfExists(temp);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to delete file: " + temp, e);
-                    }
+                    deleteTempFile();
                    return;
                }

-                for (IntegrityCheckHandler handler : integrityCheckHandlers) {
-                    handler.checkIntegrity(temp, file);
-                }
-
-                Files.createDirectories(file.toAbsolutePath().getParent());
-
+                boolean moved = false;
                try {
-                    Files.move(temp, file, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    throw new IOException("Unable to move temp file from " + temp + " to " + file, e);
-                }
-
-                // Integrity check
-                if (checksum != null) {
-                    String actualChecksum = HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest());
-                    if (!checksum.equalsIgnoreCase(actualChecksum)) {
-                        throw new ChecksumMismatchException(algorithm, checksum, actualChecksum);
+                    for (IntegrityCheckHandler handler : integrityCheckHandlers) {
+                        handler.checkIntegrity(temp, file);
                    }
-                }

-                if (caching && algorithm != null) {
+                    if (checksum != null) {
+                        String actualChecksum = HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest());
+                        if (!checksum.equalsIgnoreCase(actualChecksum)) {
+                            throw new ChecksumMismatchException(algorithm, checksum, actualChecksum);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Files.createDirectories(file.toAbsolutePath().getParent());
+
                    try {
-                        repository.cacheFile(file, algorithm, checksum);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to cache file", e);
+                        Files.move(temp, file, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+                        moved = true;
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        throw new IOException("Unable to move temp file from " + temp + " to " + file, e);
+                    }
+
+                    if (caching && algorithm != null) {
+                        try {
+                            repository.cacheFile(file, algorithm, checksum);
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            LOG.warning("Failed to cache file", e);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (checkETag) {
+                        repository.cacheRemoteFile(UrlResponseInfo.of(response), file);
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (!moved) {
+                        deleteTempFile();
                    }
                }
+            }

-                if (checkETag) {
-                    repository.cacheRemoteFile(response, file);
+            private void deleteTempFile() {
+                try {
+                    Files.deleteIfExists(temp);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to delete file: " + temp, e);
                }
            }
        };
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.task;
 import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -61,13 +63,18 @@ public final class GetTask extends FetchTask<String> {
    }

    @Override
-    protected Context getContext(HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) {
+    protected Context getContext(@Nullable HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) {
        long length = -1;
        if (response != null)
            length = response.headers().firstValueAsLong("content-length").orElse(-1L);
        final var baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(length <= 0 ? 8192 : (int) length);

        return new Context() {
+            @Override
+            public void reset() throws IOException {
+                baos.reset();
+            }
+
            @Override
            public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) {
                baos.write(buffer, offset, len);
@@ -85,7 +92,7 @@ public final class GetTask extends FetchTask<String> {
                setResult(result);

                if (checkETag) {
-                    repository.cacheText(response, result);
+                    repository.cacheText(UrlResponseInfo.of(response), result);
                }
            }
        };
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalSupplier;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.UrlResponseInfo;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.*;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
-import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 import java.nio.channels.Channels;
 import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
@@ -228,20 +228,20 @@ public class CacheRepository {
        //     conn.setRequestProperty("If-Modified-Since", eTagItem.getRemoteLastModified());
    }

-    public Path cacheRemoteFile(HttpResponse<?> response, Path downloaded) throws IOException {
-        return cacheData(response, () -> {
+    public Path cacheRemoteFile(UrlResponseInfo info, Path downloaded) throws IOException {
+        return cacheData(info, () -> {
            String hash = DigestUtils.digestToString(SHA1, downloaded);
            Path cached = cacheFile(downloaded, SHA1, hash);
            return new CacheResult(hash, cached);
        });
    }

-    public Path cacheText(HttpResponse<?> response, String text) throws IOException {
-        return cacheBytes(response, text.getBytes(UTF_8));
+    public Path cacheText(UrlResponseInfo info, String text) throws IOException {
+        return cacheBytes(info, text.getBytes(UTF_8));
    }

-    public Path cacheBytes(HttpResponse<?> response, byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
-        return cacheData(response, () -> {
+    public Path cacheBytes(UrlResponseInfo info, byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
+        return cacheData(info, () -> {
            String hash = DigestUtils.digestToString(SHA1, bytes);
            Path cached = getFile(SHA1, hash);
            Files.createDirectories(cached.getParent());
@@ -252,15 +252,15 @@ public class CacheRepository {

    private static final Pattern MAX_AGE = Pattern.compile("(s-maxage|max-age)=(?<time>[0-9]+)");

-    private Path cacheData(HttpResponse<?> response, ExceptionalSupplier<CacheResult, IOException> cacheSupplier) throws IOException {
-        String eTag = response.headers().firstValue("etag").orElse(null);
+    private Path cacheData(UrlResponseInfo info, ExceptionalSupplier<CacheResult, IOException> cacheSupplier) throws IOException {
+        String eTag = info.headers().firstValue("etag").orElse(null);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(eTag)) return null;
-        URI uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(response.uri());
+        URI uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(info.uri());
        long expires = 0L;

        expires:
        try {
-            String cacheControl = response.headers().firstValue("cache-control").orElse(null);
+            String cacheControl = info.headers().firstValue("cache-control").orElse(null);
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(cacheControl)) {
                if (cacheControl.contains("no-store"))
                    return null;
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public class CacheRepository {
                }
            }

-            String expiresHeader = response.headers().firstValue("expires").orElse(null);
+            String expiresHeader = info.headers().firstValue("expires").orElse(null);
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(expiresHeader)) {
                expires = ZonedDateTime.parse(expiresHeader.trim(), DateTimeFormatter.RFC_1123_DATE_TIME)
                        .toInstant().toEpochMilli();
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ public class CacheRepository {
            LOG.warning("Failed to parse expires time", e);
        }

-        String lastModified = response.headers().firstValue("last-modified").orElse(null);
+        String lastModified = info.headers().firstValue("last-modified").orElse(null);

        CacheResult cacheResult = cacheSupplier.get();
        ETagItem eTagItem = new ETagItem(uri.toString(),
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.zip.Deflater;
+
+/// Utilities for detecting the compatibility of the system's zlib implementation.
+///
+/// Some systems replace the JVM's default zlib with an alternative such as zlib-ng,
+/// which may produce compressed output that differs byte-for-byte from the output of
+/// the standard zlib. This can cause hash mismatches when verifying artifacts whose
+/// expected checksums were computed with a specific zlib implementation.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class ZlibUtils {
+
+    /// Whether the JVM's [Deflater] produces output that is byte-for-byte identical
+    /// to the expected output of the standard reference zlib for a known test vector.
+    ///
+    /// This flag is `true` when the system's zlib behaves like the standard reference
+    /// implementation, and `false` when an alternative library such as zlib-ng is in
+    /// use and may produce different compressed bytes.
+    ///
+    /// When this flag is `false`, hash verification for dynamically generated JAR
+    /// files (e.g., those produced by the Forge/NeoForge installer processors) may
+    /// be relaxed to a structural integrity check rather than an exact hash match,
+    /// because the alternative zlib may legitimately produce files with different
+    /// checksums.
+    public static final boolean IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE;
+
+    static {
+        var expectedCompressed = new byte[]{120, -100, 99, 96, 0, 2, 0, 0, 5, 0, 1};
+        byte[] compressed = new byte[64];
+        int compressedLength = 0;
+
+        var deflater = new Deflater();
+        try {
+            deflater.setInput(new byte[5]);
+            deflater.finish();
+
+            while (!deflater.finished()) {
+                compressedLength += deflater.deflate(compressed, compressedLength, compressed.length - compressedLength);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            deflater.end();
+        }
+
+        IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE = Arrays.equals(
+                expectedCompressed,
+                0, expectedCompressed.length,
+                compressed,
+                0, compressedLength
+        );
+    }
+
+    private ZlibUtils() {
+    }
+}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.net.URLConnection;
-import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
 import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;

 /**
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ public enum ContentEncoding {
        }
    }

-    public static @NotNull ContentEncoding fromResponse(HttpResponse<?> connection) throws IOException {
-        String encoding = connection.headers().firstValue("content-encoding").orElse("");
+    public static @NotNull ContentEncoding fromHeaders(HttpHeaders headers) throws IOException {
+        String encoding = headers.firstValue("content-encoding").orElse("");
        if (encoding.isEmpty() || "identity".equals(encoding)) {
            return IDENTITY;
        } else if ("gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(encoding)) {
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io;

+import org.glavo.url.WebURL;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@@ -159,10 +160,10 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
        }
    }

-    public static URLConnection createConnection(URI uri) throws IOException {
+    public static URLConnection createConnection(WebURL url) throws IOException {
        URLConnection connection;
        try {
-            connection = uri.toURL().openConnection();
+            connection = url.toURL().openConnection();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new IOException(e);
        }
@@ -176,8 +177,16 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
        return connection;
    }

+    public static URLConnection createConnection(URI uri) throws IOException {
+        return createConnection(WebURL.of(uri));
+    }
+
+    public static HttpURLConnection createHttpConnection(WebURL url) throws IOException {
+        return (HttpURLConnection) createConnection(url);
+    }
+
    public static HttpURLConnection createHttpConnection(String url) throws IOException {
-        return (HttpURLConnection) createConnection(toURI(url));
+        return (HttpURLConnection) createConnection(WebURL.parse(url));
    }

    public static HttpURLConnection createHttpConnection(URI url) throws IOException {
@@ -433,16 +442,7 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {

    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string is not a valid URI
    public static @NotNull URI toURI(@NotNull String uri) {
-        try {
-            return new URI(encodeLocation(uri));
-        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
-            // Possibly an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)
-            return URI.create(uri);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static @NotNull URI toURI(@NotNull URL url) {
-        return toURI(url.toExternalForm());
+        return WebURL.toURI(uri);
    }

    public static @Nullable URI toURIOrNull(String uri) {
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+
+/// @author Glavo
+public record UrlResponseInfo(URI uri, HttpHeaders headers) {
+    public static UrlResponseInfo of(HttpResponse<?> httpResponse) {
+        return new UrlResponseInfo(httpResponse.uri(), httpResponse.headers());
+    }
+
+    public static UrlResponseInfo of(URI uri, HttpResponse.ResponseInfo info) {
+        return new UrlResponseInfo(uri, info.headers());
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.task;
+
+import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
+import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/// Tests HTTP download retry and resume behavior.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class FetchTaskTest {
+    /// Marks HTTP client dependencies as initialized for isolated unit tests.
+    @org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll
+    public static void notifyFetchTaskInitialized() {
+        FetchTask.notifyInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures checksum failures are reported and do not replace an existing target file.
+    @Test
+    public void checksumMismatchFailsWithoutReplacingTarget(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = "downloaded".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        Path target = tempDir.resolve("target.bin");
+        Files.writeString(target, "original", UTF_8);
+
+        try (TestHttpServer server = TestHttpServer.start(exchange -> sendBytes(exchange, 200, data))) {
+            FileDownloadTask task = new FileDownloadTask(
+                    server.uri(),
+                    target,
+                    new FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck("SHA-1", "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
+            );
+            task.setCacheRepository(newRepository(tempDir));
+            task.setRetry(1);
+
+            assertFalse(task.test());
+            assertEquals("original", Files.readString(target, UTF_8));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures a mismatched Content-Range response is rejected before appending bytes.
+    @Test
+    public void invalidContentRangeFallsBackToFullDownload(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = "abcdefghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        byte[] wrongRangeData = "defghi".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        AtomicInteger requestCount = new AtomicInteger();
+        List<@Nullable String> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try (TestHttpServer server = TestHttpServer.start(exchange -> {
+            ranges.add(exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("Range"));
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Last-Modified", "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT");
+
+            switch (requestCount.incrementAndGet()) {
+                case 1 -> {
+                    exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, data.length);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().write(data, 0, 4);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().flush();
+                    exchange.close();
+                }
+                case 2 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Range", "bytes 3-8/10");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 206, wrongRangeData);
+                }
+                default -> sendBytes(exchange, 200, data);
+            }
+        })) {
+            Path target = tempDir.resolve("target.bin");
+            FileDownloadTask task = new FileDownloadTask(server.uri(), target);
+            task.setCacheRepository(newRepository(tempDir));
+            task.setRetry(3);
+
+            assertTrue(task.test(), () -> requestCount.get() + ": " + task.getException());
+            assertArrayEquals(data, Files.readAllBytes(target));
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(null, "bytes=4-", null), ranges);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures a valid Content-Range response is appended without a full redownload.
+    @Test
+    public void validContentRangeCompletesResume(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = "abcdefghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        byte[] resumedData = "efghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        AtomicInteger requestCount = new AtomicInteger();
+        List<@Nullable String> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<@Nullable String> ifRanges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try (TestHttpServer server = TestHttpServer.start(exchange -> {
+            ranges.add(exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("Range"));
+            ifRanges.add(exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("If-Range"));
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Last-Modified", "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT");
+
+            switch (requestCount.incrementAndGet()) {
+                case 1 -> {
+                    exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, data.length);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().write(data, 0, 4);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().flush();
+                    exchange.close();
+                }
+                case 2 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Range", "bytes 4-9/10");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 206, resumedData);
+                }
+                default -> fail("Unexpected full redownload request");
+            }
+        })) {
+            Path target = tempDir.resolve("target.bin");
+            FileDownloadTask task = new FileDownloadTask(server.uri(), target);
+            task.setCacheRepository(newRepository(tempDir));
+            task.setRetry(3);
+
+            assertTrue(task.test(), () -> requestCount.get() + ": " + task.getException());
+            assertArrayEquals(data, Files.readAllBytes(target));
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(null, "bytes=4-"), ranges);
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(null, "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT"), ifRanges);
+            assertEquals(2, requestCount.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures a changed strong ETag prevents appending a partial response.
+    @Test
+    public void changedStrongETagFallsBackToFullDownload(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = "abcdefghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        byte[] resumedData = "efghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        AtomicInteger requestCount = new AtomicInteger();
+        List<@Nullable String> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<@Nullable String> ifRanges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try (TestHttpServer server = TestHttpServer.start(exchange -> {
+            ranges.add(exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("Range"));
+            ifRanges.add(exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("If-Range"));
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+            exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Last-Modified", "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT");
+
+            switch (requestCount.incrementAndGet()) {
+                case 1 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("ETag", "\"first\"");
+                    exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, data.length);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().write(data, 0, 4);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().flush();
+                    exchange.close();
+                }
+                case 2 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("ETag", "\"second\"");
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Range", "bytes 4-9/10");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 206, resumedData);
+                }
+                default -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("ETag", "\"second\"");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 200, data);
+                }
+            }
+        })) {
+            Path target = tempDir.resolve("target.bin");
+            FileDownloadTask task = new FileDownloadTask(server.uri(), target);
+            task.setCacheRepository(newRepository(tempDir));
+            task.setRetry(3);
+
+            assertTrue(task.test(), () -> String.valueOf(task.getException()));
+            assertArrayEquals(data, Files.readAllBytes(target));
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(null, "bytes=4-", null), ranges);
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(null, "\"first\"", null), ifRanges);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures a full retry uses the latest response metadata instead of stale headers.
+    @Test
+    public void fullRetryUsesLatestResponseMetadata(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = "ok".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        byte[] firstData = "abcdefghij".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        byte[] wrongRangeData = "defghi".getBytes(UTF_8);
+        AtomicInteger requestCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+        try (TestHttpServer server = TestHttpServer.start(exchange -> {
+            switch (requestCount.incrementAndGet()) {
+                case 1 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-16LE");
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Last-Modified", "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT");
+                    exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, firstData.length);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().write(firstData, 0, 4);
+                    exchange.getResponseBody().flush();
+                    exchange.close();
+                }
+                case 2 -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Last-Modified", "Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT");
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Range", "bytes 3-8/10");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 206, wrongRangeData);
+                }
+                default -> {
+                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
+                    sendBytes(exchange, 200, data);
+                }
+            }
+        })) {
+            TextFetchTask task = new TextFetchTask(server.uri());
+            task.setCacheRepository(newRepository(tempDir));
+            task.setRetry(2);
+
+            assertTrue(task.test(), () -> requestCount.get() + ": " + task.getException());
+            assertEquals("ok", task.getResult());
+            assertEquals(3, requestCount.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Text fetch task that avoids JavaFX progress updates in isolated unit tests.
+    private static final class TextFetchTask extends FetchTask<String> {
+        /// Creates a text fetch task for one URI.
+        TextFetchTask(URI uri) {
+            super(List.of(uri));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void useCachedResult(Path cachedFile) throws IOException {
+            setResult(Files.readString(cachedFile));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected EnumCheckETag shouldCheckETag() {
+            return EnumCheckETag.NOT_CHECK_E_TAG;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Context getContext(@Nullable HttpResponse<?> response, boolean checkETag, String bmclapiHash) {
+            Charset charset = NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType(response == null
+                    ? null
+                    : response.headers().firstValue("content-type").orElse(null));
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+            return new Context() {
+                @Override
+                public void reset() {
+                    baos.reset();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int len) {
+                    baos.write(buffer, offset, len);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void close() {
+                    if (isSuccess()) {
+                        setResult(baos.toString(charset));
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void updateProgress(long count, long total) {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void updateProgress(double progress) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an isolated cache repository for one test.
+    private static CacheRepository newRepository(Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+        CacheRepository repository = new CacheRepository();
+        repository.changeDirectory(Files.createDirectory(tempDir.resolve("common")));
+        return repository;
+    }
+
+    /// Sends a byte array response.
+    private static void sendBytes(HttpExchange exchange, int statusCode, byte[] data) throws IOException {
+        exchange.sendResponseHeaders(statusCode, data.length);
+        exchange.getResponseBody().write(data);
+        exchange.close();
+    }
+
+    /// Minimal closeable HTTP server for local download tests.
+    private record TestHttpServer(HttpServer server) implements AutoCloseable {
+        /// Starts a server with one file endpoint.
+        static TestHttpServer start(ThrowingHttpHandler handler) throws IOException {
+            HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 0), 0);
+            server.createContext("/file", handler::handle);
+            server.start();
+            return new TestHttpServer(server);
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the file endpoint URI.
+        URI uri() {
+            return URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:" + server.getAddress().getPort() + "/file");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            server.stop(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// HTTP handler that may throw IOException.
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    private interface ThrowingHttpHandler {
+        /// Handles one HTTP exchange.
+        void handle(HttpExchange exchange) throws IOException;
+    }
+}
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ The software is distributed under [GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.h

 1. When you distribute a modified version of the software, you must change the software name or the version number in a reasonable way in order to distinguish it from the original version. (Under [GPLv3, 7(c)](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/blob/11820e31a85d8989e41d97476712b07e7094b190/LICENSE#L372-L374))

-   The software name and the version number can be edited [here](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/blob/javafx/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/Metadata.java#L33-L35).
+   The software name and the version number can be edited [here](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/blob/86529c6f15b3be54ed8d89ece47566cf57f43eb7/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/Metadata.java#L36-L38).

 2. You must not remove the copyright declaration displayed in the software. (Under [GPLv3, 7(b)](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/blob/11820e31a85d8989e41d97476712b07e7094b190/LICENSE#L368-L370))
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ monet-fx = "0.4.0"
 terracotta = "0.4.2"
 nayuki-qrcodegen = "1.8.0"
 jwebp = "0.2.0"
+weburl = "0.2.0"

 # testing
 junit = "6.0.1"
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ lwjgl-unsafe-agent = { module = "org.glavo:lwjgl-unsafe-agent", version.ref = "l
 monet-fx = { module = "org.glavo:MonetFX", version.ref = "monet-fx" }
 nayuki-qrcodegen = { module = "io.nayuki:qrcodegen", version.ref = "nayuki-qrcodegen" }
 jwebp = { module = "org.glavo:webp", version.ref = "jwebp" }
+weburl = { module = "org.glavo:weburl", version.ref = "weburl" }

 # testing
 junit-jupiter = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter", version.ref = "junit" }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Glavo	5803235407	使用 WebURL for Java 解析 URI (#6084 )	2026-05-12 21:43:19 +08:00
CiiLu	afbf567fef	缓解离线皮肤 CSL 输入框打一个字弹窗一个 toast “操作失败” 问题 (#5789 )	2026-05-09 21:26:06 +08:00
Glavo	72b3c1981a	支持断点续传 (#4558 )	2026-05-09 21:02:27 +08:00
Glavo	72ee82543b	Use null-safe converter for LineSelectButton instances (#6075 )	2026-05-09 08:54:14 +08:00
Glavo	996c9f4c86	检测到系统 zlib 实现为 zlib-ng 时跳过 Forge/NeoForge 安装时的哈希检测 (#6068 )	2026-05-08 12:13:06 +08:00
3gf8jv4dv	f8c1e97376	fix(l10n): edit Version List options on Settings > Downloads for zh-hans (#6069 )	2026-05-07 21:51:20 +08:00
CiiLu	f146040ff3	fix: 版本列表项目点一下 tag 就会消失 (#6067 )	2026-05-06 21:02:27 +08:00
辞庐	0da28173ab	优化设置 -> 通用页面 (#6014 )	2026-05-04 17:15:38 +08:00
辞庐	be822666a7	导出 MultiMC 整合包时不再写入 `MaxMemAlloc` (#6032 )	2026-05-04 17:12:24 +08:00
辞庐	8c99ee3b0d	优化种子隐藏按钮 (#6036 )	2026-05-04 17:03:11 +08:00
Zkitefly	0e3b4a7853	Update link to software name and version number location (#6039 )	2026-05-04 16:59:22 +08:00
辞庐	615b1dbaae	fix: #5844 整合包实例版本号在特定场景下不显示 (#6054 )	2026-05-04 16:53:56 +08:00
辞庐	0fa51f830d	旁观者模式 -> 旁观模式 (#6053 )	2026-05-04 15:46:11 +08:00
ShulkerSakura	007bb345d0	Fixed wrong skin review model (#6046 )	2026-05-04 15:44:11 +08:00
CalbootOnceMore	46536f11d3	[Chore] Transform `FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck` into record (#6052 )	2026-05-03 20:44:10 +08:00