[release/3.13] 修复 CurseForge 源中内容不显示 Minecraft 26.x 版本的问题 (#6003)

https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/5994

.gemini/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+code_review:
+  pull_request_opened:
+    code_review: false

.gitignore

@@ -64,4 +64,8 @@ language-subtag-registry
 # test
 /hmcl.json
 /.hmcl.json
-/.hmcl/
+/.hmcl/
+
+# AI
+/.gemini/
+!/.gemini/config.yaml

.idea/copyright/HMCL.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="CopyrightManager">
+  <copyright>
+    <option name="notice" value="Hello Minecraft! Launcher&#10;Copyright (C) &amp;#36;today.year huangyuhui &lt;huanghongxun2008@126.com&gt; and contributors&#10;&#10;This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify&#10;it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by&#10;the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or&#10;(at your option) any later version.&#10;&#10;This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,&#10;but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of&#10;MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the&#10;GNU General Public License for more details.&#10;&#10;You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License&#10;along with this program.  If not, see &lt;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;." />
+    <option name="myName" value="HMCL" />
+  </copyright>
+</component>

.idea/copyright/profiles_settings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<component name="CopyrightManager">
+  <settings default="HMCL">
+    <LanguageOptions name="JAVA">
+      <option name="fileTypeOverride" value="3" />
+      <option name="addBlankAfter" value="false" />
+    </LanguageOptions>
+  </settings>
+</component>

HMCL/src/main/java/com/jfoenix/controls/JFXRippler.java

@@ -231,10 +231,11 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
      *
      * @return the ripple radius size
      */
-    protected double computeRippleRadius() {
-        double width2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() * control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth();
-        double height2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() * control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight();
-        return Math.min(Math.sqrt(width2 + height2), RIPPLE_MAX_RADIUS) * 1.1 + 5;
+    protected double computeRippleRadius(double centerX, double centerY) {
+        double dx = Math.max(centerX, control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() - centerX);
+        double dy = Math.max(centerY, control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() - centerY);
+
+        return (Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) / 0.9) + 2;
     }
 
     protected void setOverLayBounds(Rectangle overlay) {
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                 super(centerX,
                         centerY,
                         getRipplerRadius() == Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE ?
-                                computeRippleRadius() : getRipplerRadius(), null);
+                                computeRippleRadius(centerX, centerY) : getRipplerRadius(), null);
                 setCache(true);
                 setCacheHint(CacheHint.SPEED);
                 setCacheShape(true);
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                         new KeyValue(opacityProperty(),
                                 1,
                                 RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR)
-                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(900), inKeyValues));
+                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(600), inKeyValues));
 
                 setScaleX(0);
                 setScaleY(0);

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/HMCLGameRepository.java

@@ -430,6 +430,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                 .setNativesDirType(vs.getNativesDirType())
                 .setNativesDir(vs.getNativesDir())
                 .setProcessPriority(vs.getProcessPriority())
+                .setGraphicsBackend(vs.getGraphicsBackend())
                 .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer())
                 .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.isEnableDebugLogOutput())
                 .setUseNativeGLFW(vs.isUseNativeGLFW())

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java

@@ -173,27 +173,27 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                 }
                             }),
                             Task.composeAsync(() -> {
-                                Renderer renderer = setting.getRenderer();
-                                if (renderer != Renderer.DEFAULT && OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                                    Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
-                                    if (lib == null)
-                                        return null;
-                                    Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
-                                    if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
-                                        LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
-                                        return null;
-                                    }
+                                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                                        || !(setting.getRenderer() instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer)
+                                        || renderer.mesaDriverName() == null)
+                                    return null;
 
-                                    String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+                                Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
+                                if (lib == null)
+                                    return null;
+                                Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
+                                if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
+                                    LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
+                                    return null;
+                                }
 
-                                    if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
-                                        return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
-                                                .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
-                                    } else {
-                                        javaAgents.add(agent);
-                                        return null;
-                                    }
+                                String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.mesaDriverName();
+
+                                if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
+                                    return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
+                                            .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
                                 } else {
+                                    javaAgents.add(agent);
                                     return null;
                                 }
                             })
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                     if (quickPlayOption != null) {
                         launchOptionsBuilder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
                     }
+
                     LaunchOptions launchOptions = launchOptionsBuilder.create();
 
                     LOG.info("Here's the structure of game mod directory:\n" + FileUtils.printFileStructure(repository.getModsDirectory(selectedVersion), 10));

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/ModpackHelper.java

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
 
         return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name)
                 .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
+                .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
     }
 
     public static boolean isExternalGameNameConflicts(String name) {
@@ -211,16 +214,16 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
             return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
                     .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(profile, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
         else if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof McbbsModpackManifest)
             return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
                     .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(profile, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
         else
             return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), success, failure)
-                    .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
     }
 
     public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(Profile profile, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
             case ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask.MODPACK_TYPE:
                 return new ModpackUpdateTask(profile.getRepository(), name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name))
                         .thenComposeAsync(profile.getRepository().refreshVersionsAsync())
-                        .withStagesHints("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download");
+                        .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
             default:
                 throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/OAuthServer.java

@@ -163,6 +163,13 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
         return newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.OK, "text/html; charset=UTF-8", html);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (!future.isDone())
+            future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("OAuth server is closing"));
+        stop();
+    }
+
     public static class Factory implements OAuth.Callback {
         public final EventManager<GrantDeviceCodeEvent> onGrantDeviceCode = new EventManager<>();
         public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowserAuthorizationCode = new EventManager<>();

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/HMCLJavaRepository.java

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
         return getJavaExecutable(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
     }
 
-    private static void getAllJava(List<JavaRuntime> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot, boolean isManaged) {
+    private static void getAllJava(List<Path> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot) {
         try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(platformRoot)) {
             for (Path file : stream) {
                 try {
@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
                         }
 
                         if (Files.isDirectory(javaDir)) {
-                            JavaManifest manifest = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, JavaManifest.class);
-                            list.add(JavaRuntime.of(executable, manifest.getInfo(), isManaged));
+                            list.add(executable);
                         }
                     }
                 } catch (Throwable e) {
@@ -131,28 +130,23 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Collection<JavaRuntime> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
+    public Collection<Path> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
         Path platformRoot = getPlatformRoot(platform);
         if (!Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
             return Collections.emptyList();
 
-        ArrayList<JavaRuntime> list = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, true);
-        if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            platformRoot = root.resolve(platform.getOperatingSystem().getMojangName() + "-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
-            if (Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
-                getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, false);
-        }
+        ArrayList<Path> list = new ArrayList<>();
 
+        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot);
         return list;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Task<JavaRuntime> getDownloadJavaTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
         Path javaDir = getJavaDir(platform, gameJavaVersion);
+        Path tempDir = getPlatformRoot(platform).resolve(".tmp").resolve(javaDir.getFileName());
 
-        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
+        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, tempDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
             Path executable;
             try {
                 executable = JavaManager.getExecutable(javaDir).toRealPath();
@@ -165,16 +159,16 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
 
             JavaInfo info;
             if (JavaManager.isCompatible(platform))
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
             else
-                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download.getVersion().getName(), null);
+                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download().version().name(), null);
 
             Map<String, Object> update = new LinkedHashMap<>();
             update.put("provider", "mojang");
             update.put("component", gameJavaVersion.component());
 
             Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-            result.remoteFiles.getFiles().forEach((path, file) -> {
+            result.remoteFiles().getFiles().forEach((path, file) -> {
                 if (file instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) {
                     DownloadInfo downloadInfo = ((MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) file).getDownloads().get("raw");
                     if (downloadInfo != null) {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaInfoUtils.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 
 /**
@@ -39,35 +39,10 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
     private JavaInfoUtils() {
     }
 
-    private static Path tryFindReleaseFile(Path executable) {
-        Path parent = executable.getParent();
-        if (parent != null && parent.getFileName() != null && parent.getFileName().toString().equals("bin")) {
-            Path javaHome = parent.getParent();
-            if (javaHome != null && javaHome.getFileName() != null) {
-                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
-                String javaHomeName = javaHome.getFileName().toString();
-                if ((javaHomeName.contains("jre") || javaHomeName.contains("jdk") || javaHomeName.contains("openj9"))
-                        && Files.isRegularFile(releaseFile)) {
-                    return releaseFile;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable, boolean tryFindReleaseFile) throws IOException {
+    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable) throws IOException {
         assert executable.isAbsolute();
 
-        Path releaseFile;
-        if (tryFindReleaseFile && (releaseFile = tryFindReleaseFile(executable)) != null) {
-            try {
-                return JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
-            } catch (IOException ignored) {
-            }
-        }
-
         Path thisPath = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
-
         if (thisPath == null) {
             throw new IOException("Failed to find current HMCL location");
         }
@@ -94,7 +69,6 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
                             ? architecture
                             : Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH);
 
-
             return new JavaInfo(platform, result.javaVersion, result.javaVendor);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw e;
@@ -103,14 +77,9 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
         }
     }
 
-    private static final class Result {
-        @SerializedName("os.name")
-        public String osName;
-        @SerializedName("os.arch")
-        public String osArch;
-        @SerializedName("java.version")
-        public String javaVersion;
-        @SerializedName("java.vendor")
-        public String javaVendor;
+    @JsonSerializable
+    private record Result(@SerializedName("os.name") String osName, @SerializedName("os.arch") String osArch,
+                          @SerializedName("java.version") String javaVersion,
+                          @SerializedName("java.vendor") String javaVendor) {
     }
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaManager.java

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;
 
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinReg;
@@ -40,9 +44,14 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -55,6 +64,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
     private JavaManager() {
     }
 
+    private static final String[] KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES = {
+            "Java",
+            "BellSoft",
+            "AdoptOpenJDK",
+            "Zulu",
+            "Microsoft",
+            "Eclipse Foundation",
+            "Semeru"
+    };
+
     public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
     public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
 
@@ -160,12 +179,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
             return javaRuntime;
         }
 
-        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
+        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
         return JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false);
     }
 
     public static void refresh() {
-        Task.supplyAsync(JavaManager::searchPotentialJavaExecutables).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
+        Task.supplyAsync(() -> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(false)).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
             if (result != null) {
                 LATCH.await();
                 allJava = result;
@@ -326,7 +345,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
     }
 
     public static void initialize() {
-        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables();
+        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables(true);
         JavaManager.allJava = allJava;
         LATCH.countDown();
         FXUtils.runInFX(() -> updateAllJavaProperty(allJava));
@@ -334,56 +353,56 @@ public final class JavaManager {
 
     // search java
 
-    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables() {
-        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
-        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(boolean useCache) {
+        Searcher searcher = new Searcher(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("javaCache.json"));
+        if (useCache)
+            searcher.loadCache();
+
+        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
         switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
             case WINDOWS:
                 if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                 if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
                     if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277)
-                        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                 }
                 break;
             case MACOS:
                 if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
                 break;
         }
 
         switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
             case WINDOWS:
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");
 
-                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
-                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                    searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(ARM)", "C:\\Program Files (ARM)");
-                }
+                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
+                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
                 break;
             case LINUX:
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
                 break;
             case MACOS:
-                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
+                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
                 // Homebrew
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
-                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
+                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
                     for (Path dir : dirs) {
-                        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, dir);
+                        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(dir);
                     }
                 } catch (IOException e) {
                     LOG.warning("Failed to get subdirectories of /opt/homebrew/Cellar");
@@ -397,16 +416,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
         // Search Minecraft bundled runtimes
         if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.isX86()) {
             FileUtils.tryGetPath(System.getenv("localappdata"), "Packages\\Microsoft.4297127D64EC6_8wekyb3d8bbwe\\LocalCache\\Local\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
 
             FileUtils.tryGetPath(Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)"), "C:\\Program Files (x86)"), "Minecraft Launcher\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
         } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
         } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
         }
-        searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
+        searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
 
         // Search in PATH.
         if (System.getenv("PATH") != null) {
@@ -420,7 +439,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
                 }
 
                 try {
-                    tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
+                    searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
                 } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                 }
             }
@@ -430,16 +449,17 @@ public final class JavaManager {
             String[] paths = System.getenv("HMCL_JRES").split(File.pathSeparator);
             for (String path : paths) {
                 try {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(path));
+                    searcher.tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(path));
                 } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                 }
             }
         }
-        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));
+
+        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));
 
         for (String javaPath : ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getUserJava()) {
             try {
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(javaPath));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(javaPath));
             } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
                 LOG.warning("Invalid Java path: " + javaPath);
             }
@@ -447,233 +467,404 @@ public final class JavaManager {
 
         JavaRuntime currentJava = JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JAVA;
         if (currentJava != null
-                && !javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
+                && !searcher.javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
                 && !ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(currentJava.getBinary().toString())) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
+            searcher.addResult(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
         }
 
-        LOG.trace(javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
+        searcher.saveCache();
+
+        LOG.trace(searcher.javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
                 .map(it -> String.format(" - %s %s (%s, %s): %s",
                         it.isJDK() ? "JDK" : "JRE",
                         it.getVersion(),
                         it.getPlatform().getArchitecture().getDisplayName(),
                         Lang.requireNonNullElse(it.getVendor(), "Unknown"),
                         it.getBinary()))
-                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
-
-        return javaRuntimes;
+                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + searcher.javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
+        return searcher.javaRuntimes;
     }
 
-    private static void tryAddJavaHome(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path javaHome) {
-        Path executable = getExecutable(javaHome);
-        if (!Files.isRegularFile(executable)) {
-            return;
+    private static final class Searcher {
+        private final Path cacheFile;
+        final Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
+        private final LinkedHashMap<Path, JavaInfoCache> caches = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        private final Set<Path> failed = new HashSet<>();
+        private boolean needRefreshCache = false;
+
+        Searcher(Path cacheFile) {
+            this.cacheFile = cacheFile;
         }
 
-        try {
-            executable = executable.toRealPath();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to resolve path " + executable, e);
-            return;
+        private static final Pattern CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?<major>\\d+)(?:\\.(?<minor>\\d+))?");
+        private static final int CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION = 0;
+        private static final int CACHE_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
+
+        private record JavaInfoCache(String key, JavaInfo info) {
         }
 
-        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
-            return;
-        }
+        void loadCache() {
+            if (Files.notExists(cacheFile))
+                return;
 
-        JavaInfo info = null;
-
-        Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
-        if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
             try {
-                info = JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to read release file " + releaseFile, e);
+                JsonObject jsonFile = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(cacheFile, JsonObject.class);
+                JsonElement fileVersion = jsonFile.get("version");
+
+                Matcher matcher;
+                if (fileVersion instanceof JsonPrimitive version
+                        && (matcher = CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN.matcher(version.getAsString())).matches()) {
+                    int major = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group("major"));
+
+                    String minorString = matcher.group("minor");
+                    int minor = minorString != null ? Integer.parseInt(minorString) : 0;
+
+                    if (major != CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < CACHE_MINOR_VERSION)
+                        throw new IOException("Unsupported cache file, version: %s".formatted(version.getAsString()));
+                } else
+                    throw new IOException("Invalid version JSON: " + fileVersion);
+
+                JsonArray cachesArray = jsonFile.getAsJsonArray("caches");
+
+                for (JsonElement element : cachesArray) {
+                    try {
+                        var obj = (JsonObject) element;
+
+                        Path realPath = Path.of(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("path").getAsString()).toRealPath();
+                        String key = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("key").getAsString();
+
+                        OperatingSystem osName = OperatingSystem.parseOSName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.name").getAsString());
+                        Architecture osArch = Architecture.parseArchName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.arch").getAsString());
+                        String javaVersion = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("java.version").getAsString();
+
+                        JavaInfo.Builder infoBuilder = JavaInfo.newBuilder(Platform.getPlatform(osName, osArch), javaVersion);
+
+                        if (obj.get("java.vendor") instanceof JsonPrimitive vendor)
+                            infoBuilder.setVendor(vendor.getAsString());
+
+                        caches.put(realPath, new JavaInfoCache(key, infoBuilder.build()));
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        LOG.warning("Invalid cache: " + element);
+                        needRefreshCache = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load cache file: " + cacheFile);
+                needRefreshCache = true;
             }
         }
 
-        if (info == null) {
+        void saveCache() {
+            if (!needRefreshCache)
+                return;
+
+            needRefreshCache = false;
             try {
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
+                FileUtils.saveSafely(cacheFile, output -> {
+                    try (var writer = new JsonWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+                        writer.beginObject();
+
+                        writer.name("version").value("%d.%d".formatted(CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION, CACHE_MINOR_VERSION));
+
+                        writer.name("caches");
+                        writer.beginArray();
+                        for (Map.Entry<Path, JavaInfoCache> entry : caches.entrySet()) {
+                            Path path = entry.getKey();
+                            JavaInfoCache cache = entry.getValue();
+                            JavaInfo info = cache.info();
+
+                            writer.beginObject();
+
+                            writer.name("path").value(path.toString());
+                            writer.name("key").value(cache.key());
+
+                            writer.name("os.name").value(info.getPlatform().os().getCheckedName());
+                            writer.name("os.arch").value(info.getPlatform().arch().getCheckedName());
+                            writer.name("java.version").value(info.getVersion());
+                            if (info.getVendor() != null)
+                                writer.name("java.vendor").value(info.getVendor());
+
+                            writer.endObject();
+                        }
+                        writer.endArray();
+
+                        writer.endObject();
+                    }
+                });
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to save cache file: " + cacheFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static @Nullable String createCacheKey(Path realPath) {
+            Path binDir = realPath.getParent();
+            if (binDir == null || !FileUtils.getName(binDir).equals("bin"))
+                return null;
+
+            if (Files.isRegularFile(realPath.resolveSibling("ikvm.properties")))
+                return null;
+
+            Path javaHome = binDir.getParent();
+            if (javaHome == null)
+                return null;
+
+            Path libDir = javaHome.resolve("lib");
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(libDir))
+                return null;
+
+            BasicFileAttributes launcherAttributes;
+            String releaseHash = null;
+            BasicFileAttributes coreLibsAttributes = null;
+
+            try {
+                launcherAttributes = Files.readAttributes(realPath, BasicFileAttributes.class);
+
+                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
+                if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
+                    releaseHash = DigestUtils.digestToString("SHA-1", releaseFile);
+                } else {
+                    Path coreLibsFile = libDir.resolve("rt.jar");
+                    if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile)) {
+                        coreLibsFile = javaHome.resolve("jre/lib/rt.jar");
+                        if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile))
+                            return null;
+
+                        coreLibsAttributes = Files.readAttributes(coreLibsFile, BasicFileAttributes.class);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to create cache key for " + realPath, e);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+
+            joiner.add("sz:" + launcherAttributes.size());
+            joiner.add("lm:" + launcherAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
+
+            if (releaseHash != null)
+                joiner.add(releaseHash);
+
+            if (coreLibsAttributes != null) {
+                joiner.add("rsz:" + coreLibsAttributes.size());
+                joiner.add("rlm:" + coreLibsAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
+            }
+
+            return joiner.toString();
+        }
+
+        void addResult(Path realPath, JavaRuntime javaRuntime) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(realPath, javaRuntime);
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaHome(Path javaHome) {
+            tryAddJavaExecutable(getExecutable(javaHome));
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable) {
+            tryAddJavaExecutable(executable, false);
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable, boolean isManaged) {
+            try {
+                executable = executable.toRealPath();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable)
+                    || failed.contains(executable)
+                    || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            String cacheKey = createCacheKey(executable);
+            if (cacheKey != null) {
+                JavaInfoCache cache = caches.get(executable);
+                if (cache != null) {
+                    if (isCompatible(cache.info().getPlatform()) && cacheKey.equals(cache.key())) {
+                        javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, cache.info(), isManaged));
+                        return;
+                    } else {
+                        caches.remove(executable);
+                        needRefreshCache = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (caches.remove(executable) != null) {
+                needRefreshCache = true;
+            }
+
+            JavaInfo info;
+            try {
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
+                failed.add(executable);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (cacheKey != null) {
+                caches.put(executable, new JavaInfoCache(cacheKey, info));
+                needRefreshCache = true;
+            }
+
+            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, isManaged));
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
+            Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
+            if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
+                return;
+
+            Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
+
+            if (verify) {
+                try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
+                    String line;
+                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
+
+                        int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
+                        if (idx <= 0)
+                            throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
+
+                        Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
+
+                        // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
+                        if (Files.notExists(file))
+                            throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
+                if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(macPath);
+                    return;
+                } else
+                    LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
+            }
+
+            tryAddJavaHome(dir);
+        }
+
+        void searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform platform) {
+            for (Path java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
+            }
+
+            for (Path java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
+            }
+
+            if (platform.os() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                // In the past, we used 'osx' as the checked name for macOS
+                Path platformRoot = REPOSITORY.getPlatformRoot(platform).resolveSibling("osx-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(platformRoot);
             }
         }
 
-        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform()))
-            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
-    }
+        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, boolean verify) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
+                return;
+            // Examples:
+            // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
+            // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta
 
-    private static void tryAddJavaExecutable(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path executable) {
-        try {
-            executable = executable.toRealPath();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            return;
+            String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+            if (javaPlatform != null) {
+                searchAllOfficialJava(directory, javaPlatform, verify);
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+                } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+                    if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277) {
+                        searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
+                    }
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+                }
+            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS && Architecture.CURRENT_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+                searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
+            }
         }
 
-        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        JavaInfo info = null;
-        try {
-            info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
-        }
-
-        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform())) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
-        Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
-        if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
-            return;
-
-        Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
-
-        if (verify) {
-            try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
-                String line;
-                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-                    if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
-
-                    int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
-                    if (idx <= 0)
-                        throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
-
-                    Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
-
-                    // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
-                    if (Files.notExists(file))
-                        throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
+        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
+                for (Path component : dir) {
+                    tryAddJavaInComponentDir(platform, component, verify);
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
-                return;
+                LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
             }
         }
 
-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
-            if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, macPath);
+        void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path directory) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
                 return;
-            } else
-                LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
-        }
+            }
 
-        tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, dir);
-    }
-
-    private static void searchAllJavaInRepository(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Platform platform) {
-        for (JavaRuntime java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
-        }
-
-        for (JavaRuntime java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, boolean verify) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
-            return;
-        // Examples:
-        // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
-        // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta
-
-        String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
-        if (javaPlatform != null) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, javaPlatform, verify);
-        }
-
-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-            if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
-            } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277) {
-                    searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir);
                 }
-                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
             }
-        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS && Architecture.CURRENT_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
         }
-    }
 
-    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
-            for (Path component : dir) {
-                tryAddJavaInComponentDir(javaRuntimes, platform, component, verify);
+        void searchJavaInProgramFiles(String env, String defaultValue) {
+            String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
+            Path path;
+            try {
+                path = Path.of(programFiles);
+            } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
+                return;
             }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
-        }
-    }
 
-    private static void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir);
+            for (String vendor : KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES) {
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(path.resolve(vendor));
             }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchJavaInProgramFiles(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String env, String defaultValue) {
-        String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
-        Path path;
-        try {
-            path = Paths.get(programFiles);
-        } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
-            return;
         }
 
-        for (String vendor : new String[]{"Java", "BellSoft", "AdoptOpenJDK", "Zulu", "Microsoft", "Eclipse Foundation", "Semeru"}) {
-            searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, path.resolve(vendor));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
+        void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path directory) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
             }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
         }
-    }
 
-    // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
-    private static void queryJavaInRegistryKey(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
-        WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
-        if (reg == null)
-            return;
+        // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
+        void queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
+            WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
+            if (reg == null)
+                return;
 
-        for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
-            if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
-                continue;
-            Object home = reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome");
-            if (home instanceof String) {
-                try {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get((String) home));
-                } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
-                    LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
+            for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
+                if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
+                    continue;
+                if (reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome") instanceof String home) {
+                    try {
+                        tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(home));
+                    } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
+                        LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
+
     }
 }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/setting/VersionSetting.java

@@ -603,6 +603,20 @@ public final class VersionSetting implements Cloneable, Observable {
         processPriorityProperty.set(processPriority);
     }
 
+    private final ObjectProperty<GraphicsAPI> graphicsBackend = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "graphicsBackend", GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT);
+
+    public ObjectProperty<GraphicsAPI> graphicsBackendProperty() {
+        return graphicsBackend;
+    }
+
+    public GraphicsAPI getGraphicsBackend() {
+        return graphicsBackendProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public void setGraphicsBackend(GraphicsAPI api) {
+        graphicsBackendProperty().set(api);
+    }
+
     private final ObjectProperty<Renderer> rendererProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "renderer", Renderer.DEFAULT);
 
     public Renderer getRenderer() {
@@ -820,8 +834,9 @@ public final class VersionSetting implements Cloneable, Observable {
             }
             obj.addProperty("java", java);
 
+            obj.addProperty("graphicsBackend", src.getGraphicsBackend().name());
             obj.addProperty("renderer", src.getRenderer().name());
-            if (src.getRenderer() == Renderer.LLVMPIPE)
+            if (src.getRenderer() == Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE)
                 obj.addProperty("useSoftwareRenderer", true);
 
             return obj;
@@ -894,16 +909,19 @@ public final class VersionSetting implements Cloneable, Observable {
             }
 
             vs.setRenderer(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("renderer")).map(JsonElement::getAsString)
+                    .map(Renderer::of).orElseGet(() -> {
+                        boolean useSoftwareRenderer = Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useSoftwareRenderer")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false);
+                        return useSoftwareRenderer ? Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE : Renderer.DEFAULT;
+                    }));
+
+            vs.setGraphicsBackend(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("graphicsBackend")).map(JsonElement::getAsString)
                     .flatMap(name -> {
                         try {
-                            return Optional.of(Renderer.valueOf(name.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+                            return Optional.of(GraphicsAPI.valueOf(name.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)));
                         } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
                             return Optional.empty();
                         }
-                    }).orElseGet(() -> {
-                        boolean useSoftwareRenderer = Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("useSoftwareRenderer")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false);
-                        return useSoftwareRenderer ? Renderer.LLVMPIPE : Renderer.DEFAULT;
-                    }));
+                    }).orElseGet(() -> vs.getRenderer() instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer ? renderer.api() : GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT));
 
             return vs;
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/Controllers.java

@@ -105,9 +105,14 @@ public final class Controllers {
         GameListPage gameListPage = new GameListPage();
         gameListPage.selectedProfileProperty().bindBidirectional(Profiles.selectedProfileProperty());
         gameListPage.profilesProperty().bindContent(Profiles.profilesProperty());
-        FXUtils.applyDragListener(gameListPage, ModpackHelper::isFileModpackByExtension, modpacks -> {
-            Path modpack = modpacks.get(0);
-            Controllers.getDecorator().startWizard(new ModpackInstallWizardProvider(Profiles.getSelectedProfile(), modpack), i18n("install.modpack"));
+        FXUtils.applyDragListener(gameListPage, file -> ModpackHelper.isFileModpackByExtension(file) || "json".equalsIgnoreCase(FileUtils.getNameWithoutExtension(file)), files -> {
+            Path file = files.get(0);
+
+            if (ModpackHelper.isFileModpackByExtension(file)) {
+                Controllers.getDecorator().startWizard(new ModpackInstallWizardProvider(Profiles.getSelectedProfile(), file), i18n("install.modpack"));
+            } else if ("json".equalsIgnoreCase(FileUtils.getExtension(file))) {
+                Versions.installFromJson(Profiles.getSelectedProfile(), file);
+            }
         });
         return gameListPage;
     });

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/LogWindow.java

@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ public final class LogWindow extends Stage {
         LogWindowImpl() {
             getStyleClass().add("log-window");
 
+            listView.getStyleClass().add("no-horizontal-scrollbar");
             listView.getProperties().put("no-smooth-scrolling", true);
             listView.setItems(FXCollections.observableList(new CircularArrayList<>(logs.size())));
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AccountListItem.java

@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@ public class AccountListItem extends RadioButton {
                     if (skinImg.isError()) {
                         throw new InvalidSkinException("Failed to read skin image", skinImg.getException());
                     }
+                    if (skinImg.getWidth() != 64 || (skinImg.getHeight() != 32 && skinImg.getHeight() != 64)) {
+                        throw new InvalidSkinException("Invalid skin size");
+                    }
                     NormalizedSkin skin = new NormalizedSkin(skinImg);
                     String model = skin.isSlim() ? "slim" : "";
                     LOG.info("Uploading skin [" + selectedFile + "], model [" + model + "]");

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane.java

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public final class AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane extends TransitionPane implement
                 GridPane.setRowIndex(lblServerName, 1);
 
                 lblServerWarning = new Label(i18n("account.injector.http"));
-                lblServerWarning.setStyle("-fx-text-fill: red;");
+                lblServerWarning.setStyle("-fx-text-fill: -monet-error;");
                 GridPane.setColumnIndex(lblServerWarning, 0);
                 GridPane.setRowIndex(lblServerWarning, 2);
                 lblServerWarning.managedProperty().bind(lblServerWarning.visibleProperty());

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/LineSelectButton.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
 import javafx.scene.control.Label;
 import javafx.scene.input.*;
 import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
     private static final PseudoClass SELECTED_PSEUDO_CLASS = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("selected");
 
     private JFXPopup popup;
+    @SuppressWarnings({"FieldCanBeLocal", "unused"})
+    private ObservableList<Node> popupItems; // keep a reference
 
     public LineSelectButton() {
         this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ public class LineSelectButton<T> extends LineButton {
 
             ripplerContainer.addEventFilter(ScrollEvent.ANY, ignored -> popup.hide());
 
-            Bindings.bindContent(popupMenu.getContent(), MappedObservableList.create(itemsProperty(), item -> {
+            Bindings.bindContent(popupMenu.getContent(), popupItems = MappedObservableList.create(itemsProperty(), item -> {
                 VBox vbox = new VBox();
 
                 var itemTitleLabel = new Label();

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/MenuSeparator.java

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct;
 
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 
 public class MenuSeparator extends StackPane {
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class MenuSeparator extends StackPane {
         Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();
         rect.widthProperty().bind(widthProperty().add(-14));
         rect.setHeight(1);
-        rect.setFill(Color.GRAY);
+        rect.fillProperty().bind(Themes.colorSchemeProperty().getOutlineVariant());
         maxHeightProperty().set(10);
         setPadding(new Insets(3));
         getChildren().setAll(rect);

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/TwoLineListItem.java

@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@ public class TwoLineListItem extends VBox {
         subtitleProperty().set(subtitle);
     }
 
+    public HBox getFirstLine() {
+        return firstLine;
+    }
+
     public Label getTitleLabel() {
         return lblTitle;
     }
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@ public class TwoLineListItem extends VBox {
             Bindings.bindContent(tagsBox.getChildren(), tags);
 
             var scrollPane = new ScrollPane(tagsBox);
+            scrollPane.setMinSize(0, 0);
             HBox.setHgrow(scrollPane, Priority.ALWAYS);
             lblTitle.setMinWidth(Label.USE_PREF_SIZE);
             scrollPane.setHbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/decorator/DecoratorSkin.java

@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ public class DecoratorSkin extends SkinBase<Decorator> {
 
             if (canBack) {
                 JFXButton backNavButton = new JFXButton();
+                skinnable.forbidDraggingWindow(backNavButton);
                 backNavButton.setFocusTraversable(false);
                 backNavButton.setGraphic(SVG.ARROW_BACK.createIcon(Themes.titleFillProperty()));
                 backNavButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-decorator-button");
@@ -285,6 +286,7 @@ public class DecoratorSkin extends SkinBase<Decorator> {
 
             if (canClose) {
                 JFXButton closeNavButton = new JFXButton();
+                skinnable.forbidDraggingWindow(closeNavButton);
                 closeNavButton.setFocusTraversable(false);
                 closeNavButton.setGraphic(SVG.CLOSE.createIcon(Themes.titleFillProperty()));
                 closeNavButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-decorator-button");
@@ -349,13 +351,9 @@ public class DecoratorSkin extends SkinBase<Decorator> {
                 refreshNavButton.setGraphic(SVG.REFRESH.createIcon(Themes.titleFillProperty()));
                 refreshNavButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-decorator-button");
                 refreshNavButton.onActionProperty().bind(skinnable.onRefreshNavButtonActionProperty());
+                skinnable.forbidDraggingWindow(refreshNavButton);
 
-                Rectangle separator = new Rectangle();
-                separator.visibleProperty().bind(refreshNavButton.visibleProperty());
-                separator.heightProperty().bind(navBar.heightProperty());
-                separator.setFill(Color.GRAY);
-
-                navRight.getChildren().setAll(refreshNavButton, separator);
+                navRight.getChildren().setAll(refreshNavButton);
                 navBar.setRight(navRight);
             }
         }

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/DownloadPage.java

@@ -54,13 +54,18 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TaskCancellationAction;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 
 public class DownloadPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage {
     private final ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<DecoratorPage.State> state = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>(DecoratorPage.State.fromTitle(i18n("download"), -1));
@@ -134,6 +139,19 @@ public class DownloadPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage
 
         Path runDirectory = profile.getRepository().hasVersion(version) ? profile.getRepository().getRunDirectory(version) : profile.getRepository().getBaseDirectory();
 
+        Set<String> existingFiles;
+
+        try (var list = Files.list(runDirectory.resolve(subdirectoryName))) {
+            existingFiles = list.map(Path::getFileName)
+                    .map(Path::toString)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to list files in " + runDirectory.resolve(subdirectoryName), e);
+            existingFiles = Set.of();
+        }
+
+        Set<String> finalExistingFiles = existingFiles;
+
         Controllers.prompt(i18n("archive.file.name"), (result, handler) -> {
             Path dest = runDirectory.resolve(subdirectoryName).resolve(result);
 
@@ -153,7 +171,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage
                 }
             }), i18n("message.downloading"), TaskCancellationAction.NORMAL);
             handler.resolve();
-        }, file.getFile().getFilename(), new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.malformed"), FileUtils::isNameValid));
+        }, file.getFile().getFilename(), new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.malformed"), FileUtils::isNameValid), new Validator(i18n("profile.already_exists"), (it) -> !finalExistingFiles.contains(it)));
 
     }
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/ModpackSelectionPage.java

@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ public final class ModpackSelectionPage extends VBox implements WizardPage {
         graphic.setMouseTransparent(true);
         graphic.setLeft(new TwoLineListItem(i18n("modpack.choose." + type), i18n("modpack.choose." + type + ".detail")));
 
-        SVGPath arrow = new SVGPath();
-        arrow.setContent(SVG.ARROW_FORWARD.getPath());
+        SVGPath arrow = SVG.ARROW_FORWARD.createIcon();
         BorderPane.setAlignment(arrow, Pos.CENTER);
         graphic.setRight(arrow);
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/main/JavaDownloadDialog.java

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.JFXHyperlink;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.SpinnerPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.wizard.SinglePageWizardProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Result;
@@ -233,7 +234,6 @@ public final class JavaDownloadDialog extends StackPane {
             downloadButton.setOnAction(e -> onDownload());
             downloadButton.getStyleClass().add("dialog-accept");
             downloadButton.disableProperty().bind(Bindings.isNull(remoteVersionBox.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty()));
-            downloadButtonPane.getChildren().setAll(downloadButton);
 
             JFXButton cancelButton = new JFXButton(i18n("button.cancel"));
             cancelButton.setOnAction(e -> fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent()));
@@ -300,6 +300,11 @@ public final class JavaDownloadDialog extends StackPane {
                 remoteVersionBox.getSelectionModel().selectFirst();
             });
 
+            SpinnerPane spinnerPane = new SpinnerPane();
+            spinnerPane.getStyleClass().add("small-spinner-pane");
+            spinnerPane.setContent(downloadButton);
+            downloadButtonPane.getChildren().setAll(spinnerPane);
+
             Consumer<DiscoJavaVersionList> updateListStatus = list -> {
                 remoteVersionBox.setItems(null);
                 packageTypeBox.getItems().clear();
@@ -308,11 +313,11 @@ public final class JavaDownloadDialog extends StackPane {
                 warningLabel.setText(null);
 
                 if (list == null || (list.versions != null && list.versions.isEmpty()))
-                    downloadButtonPane.getChildren().setAll(downloadButton);
+                    spinnerPane.hideSpinner();
                 else if (list.status == DiscoJavaVersionList.Status.LOADING)
-                    downloadButtonPane.getChildren().setAll(new JFXSpinner());
+                    spinnerPane.showSpinner();
                 else {
-                    downloadButtonPane.getChildren().setAll(downloadButton);
+                    spinnerPane.hideSpinner();
 
                     if (list.status == DiscoJavaVersionList.Status.SUCCESS) {
                         packageTypeBox.getItems().setAll(list.versions.keySet());

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/main/RootPage.java

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TaskCancellationAction;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
 
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ public class RootPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage {
         if (mainPage == null) {
             MainPage mainPage = new MainPage();
             FXUtils.applyDragListener(mainPage,
-                    file -> ModpackHelper.isFileModpackByExtension(file) || NBTFileType.isNBTFileByExtension(file),
+                    file -> ModpackHelper.isFileModpackByExtension(file) || NBTFileType.isNBTFileByExtension(file) || "json".equalsIgnoreCase(FileUtils.getExtension(file)),
                     modpacks -> {
                         Path file = modpacks.get(0);
                         if (ModpackHelper.isFileModpackByExtension(file)) {
@@ -113,6 +114,8 @@ public class RootPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage {
                                 Controllers.dialog(i18n("nbt.open.failed") + "\n\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(e),
                                         i18n("message.error"), MessageDialogPane.MessageType.ERROR);
                             }
+                        } else if ("json".equalsIgnoreCase(FileUtils.getExtension(file))) {
+                            Versions.installFromJson(Profiles.getSelectedProfile(), file);
                         }
                     });
 

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/skin/SkinCube.java

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public class SkinCube extends MeshView {
         public static float[] createTexCoords(float width, float height, float depth, float scaleX, float scaleY,
                 float startX, float startY, boolean isSlim) {
             float x = (width + depth) * 2, y = height + depth, half_width = width / x * scaleX, half_depth = depth / x * scaleX,
-                    top_x = depth / x * scaleX + startX, top_y = startY, arm4 = isSlim ? half_depth : half_width,
+                    top_x = depth / x * scaleX + startX, top_y = startY, arm4 = half_width,
                     bottom_x = startX, middle_y = depth / y * scaleY + top_y, bottom_y = scaleY + top_y;
             return new float[]{
                     top_x, top_y,                                    // T0  ---

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/AdvancedVersionSettingPage.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import javafx.scene.control.Label;
 import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GraphicsAPI;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.NativesDirectoryType;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.Renderer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
     private final ComponentSublist nativesDirSublist;
     private final MultiFileItem<NativesDirectoryType> nativesDirItem;
     private final MultiFileItem.FileOption<NativesDirectoryType> nativesDirCustomOption;
+    private final LineSelectButton<GraphicsAPI> graphicsBackendPane;
     private final LineSelectButton<Renderer> rendererPane;
 
     public AdvancedVersionSettingPage(Profile profile, @Nullable String versionId, VersionSetting versionSetting) {
@@ -79,6 +82,10 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
                 versionId == null ? i18n("settings.advanced") : i18n("settings.advanced.title", versionId)
         ));
 
+        @Nullable GameVersionNumber gameVersion = versionId != null
+                ? GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(profile.getRepository().getGameVersion(versionId))
+                : null;
+
         this.getStyleClass().add("gray-background");
 
         ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane();
@@ -185,6 +192,25 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
             nativesDirHint.setText(i18n("settings.advanced.natives_directory.hint"));
             nativesDirItem.getChildren().add(nativesDirHint);
 
+            graphicsBackendPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
+            graphicsBackendPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend"));
+            graphicsBackendPane.setConverter(backend -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend." + backend.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
+            graphicsBackendPane.setDescriptionConverter(backend -> switch (backend) {
+                    case DEFAULT -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default.desc");
+                    case OPENGL -> i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl.desc");
+                    case VULKAN -> {
+                        if (gameVersion == null)
+                            yield i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.global");
+                        else if (gameVersion.compareTo("26.2-snapshot-2") < 0)
+                            yield i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.unsupported");
+                        else
+                            yield i18n("settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc");
+                    }
+                    default -> null;
+                });
+            graphicsBackendPane.setValue(GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT);
+            graphicsBackendPane.setItems(GraphicsAPI.values());
+
             rendererPane = new LineSelectButton<>();
             rendererPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.renderer"));
             rendererPane.setConverter(e -> i18n("settings.advanced.renderer." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)));
@@ -192,7 +218,23 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
                 String bundleKey = "settings.advanced.renderer." + e.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) + ".desc";
                 return I18n.hasKey(bundleKey) ? i18n(bundleKey) : null;
             });
-            rendererPane.setItems(Renderer.values());
+            rendererPane.setValue(Renderer.DEFAULT);
+
+            FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(graphicsBackendPane.valueProperty(), backend -> {
+                if (backend == null) { // unbind
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                rendererPane.setItems(Renderer.getSupported(backend));
+                if (backend == GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT) {
+                    rendererPane.setDisable(true);
+                    rendererPane.setValue(Renderer.DEFAULT);
+                } else {
+                    rendererPane.setDisable(false);
+                    if (!(rendererPane.getValue() instanceof Renderer.Driver driver) || driver.api() != backend)
+                        rendererPane.setValue(Renderer.DEFAULT);
+                }
+            });
 
             noJVMArgsPane = new LineToggleButton();
             noJVMArgsPane.setTitle(i18n("settings.advanced.no_jvm_args"));
@@ -219,7 +261,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
             useNativeOpenALPane.setSubtitle(i18n("settings.advanced.linux_freebsd_only"));
 
             workaroundPane.getContent().setAll(
-                    nativesDirSublist, rendererPane, noJVMArgsPane, noOptimizingJVMArgsPane, noGameCheckPane,
+                    nativesDirSublist, graphicsBackendPane, rendererPane, noJVMArgsPane, noOptimizingJVMArgsPane, noGameCheckPane,
                     noJVMCheckPane, noNativesPatchPane
             );
 
@@ -252,6 +294,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
         FXUtils.bindString(txtPreLaunchCommand, versionSetting.preLaunchCommandProperty());
         FXUtils.bindString(txtPostExitCommand, versionSetting.postExitCommandProperty());
         rendererPane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(versionSetting.rendererProperty());
+        graphicsBackendPane.valueProperty().bindBidirectional(versionSetting.graphicsBackendProperty());
         noGameCheckPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(versionSetting.notCheckGameProperty());
         noJVMCheckPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(versionSetting.notCheckJVMProperty());
         noJVMArgsPane.selectedProperty().bindBidirectional(versionSetting.noJVMArgsProperty());
@@ -294,6 +337,7 @@ public final class AdvancedVersionSettingPage extends StackPane implements Decor
         FXUtils.unbind(txtPreLaunchCommand, versionSetting.preLaunchCommandProperty());
         FXUtils.unbind(txtPostExitCommand, versionSetting.postExitCommandProperty());
         rendererPane.valueProperty().unbindBidirectional(versionSetting.rendererProperty());
+        graphicsBackendPane.valueProperty().unbindBidirectional(versionSetting.graphicsBackendProperty());
         noGameCheckPane.selectedProperty().unbindBidirectional(versionSetting.notCheckGameProperty());
         noJVMCheckPane.selectedProperty().unbindBidirectional(versionSetting.notCheckJVMProperty());
         noJVMArgsPane.selectedProperty().unbindBidirectional(versionSetting.noJVMArgsProperty());

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/DownloadPage.java

@@ -225,8 +225,10 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
                 content.setSubtitle(getSkinnable().addon.getDescription());
                 content.getSubtitleLabel().setWrapText(true);
                 getSkinnable().addon.getCategories().stream()
+                        .filter(category -> getSkinnable().page.shouldDisplayCategory(category))
                         .map(category -> getSkinnable().page.getLocalizedCategory(category))
                         .forEach(content::addTag);
+                content.getFirstLine().setMinWidth(0);
                 descriptionPane.getChildren().add(content);
 
                 if (getSkinnable().mod != null) {
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
                         Version game = repository.getResolvedPreservingPatchesVersion(control.version.getVersion());
                         String gameVersion = repository.getGameVersion(game).orElse(null);
 
-                        if (gameVersion != null) {
+                        if (gameVersion != null && control.versions.containsKey(gameVersion)) {
                             List<RemoteMod.Version> modVersions = control.versions.get(gameVersion);
                             if (modVersions != null && !modVersions.isEmpty()) {
                                 Set<ModLoaderType> targetLoaders = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(game, gameVersion).getModLoaders();
@@ -351,7 +353,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
         }
     }
 
-    private static final class DependencyModItem extends StackPane {
+    private static final class DependencyModItem extends LineButton {
         public static final EnumMap<RemoteMod.DependencyType, String> I18N_KEY = new EnumMap<>(Lang.mapOf(
                 Pair.pair(RemoteMod.DependencyType.EMBEDDED, "mods.dependency.embedded"),
                 Pair.pair(RemoteMod.DependencyType.OPTIONAL, "mods.dependency.optional"),
@@ -367,16 +369,16 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
             pane.setPadding(new Insets(0, 8, 0, 8));
             pane.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
             TwoLineListItem content = new TwoLineListItem();
+            pane.setMouseTransparent(true);
             HBox.setHgrow(content, Priority.ALWAYS);
             var imageView = new ImageContainer(40);
             pane.getChildren().setAll(imageView, content);
-
-            RipplerContainer container = new RipplerContainer(pane);
-            FXUtils.onClicked(container, () -> {
+            FXUtils.setLimitHeight(this, 60);
+            setOnAction((e) -> {
                 fireEvent(new DialogCloseEvent());
                 Controllers.navigate(new DownloadPage(page, addon, version, callback));
             });
-            getChildren().setAll(container);
+            setNode(IDX_LEADING, pane);
 
             if (addon != RemoteMod.BROKEN) {
                 ModTranslations.Mod mod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(page.repository.getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(addon.getSlug());
@@ -493,6 +495,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
             loadDependencies(version, selfPage, spinnerPane, dependenciesList);
             spinnerPane.setOnFailedAction(e -> loadDependencies(version, selfPage, spinnerPane, dependenciesList));
 
+            scrollPane.setHbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
             scrollPane.setContent(dependenciesList);
             scrollPane.setFitToWidth(true);
             scrollPane.setFitToHeight(true);

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/SchematicsPage.java

@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXListView;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
 import javafx.scene.Node;
-import javafx.scene.control.*;
+import javafx.scene.control.Label;
+import javafx.scene.control.ListCell;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.control.Tooltip;
 import javafx.scene.image.Image;
 import javafx.scene.image.PixelWriter;
 import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
@@ -157,20 +160,9 @@ public final class SchematicsPage extends ListPageBase<SchematicsPage.Item> impl
             return;
 
         Path parent = currentDirectory.path;
-        Controllers.dialog(new InputDialogPane(
+        Controllers.prompt(
                 i18n("schematics.create_directory.prompt"),
-                "",
                 (result, handler) -> {
-                    if (StringUtils.isBlank(result)) {
-                        handler.reject(i18n("schematics.create_directory.failed.empty_name"));
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    if (result.contains("/") || result.contains("\\") || !FileUtils.isNameValid(result)) {
-                        handler.reject(i18n("schematics.create_directory.failed.invalid_name"));
-                        return;
-                    }
-
                     Path targetDir = parent.resolve(result);
                     if (Files.exists(targetDir)) {
                         handler.reject(i18n("schematics.create_directory.failed.already_exists"));
@@ -185,7 +177,7 @@ public final class SchematicsPage extends ListPageBase<SchematicsPage.Item> impl
                         LOG.warning("Failed to create directory: " + targetDir, e);
                         handler.reject(i18n("schematics.create_directory.failed", targetDir));
                     }
-                }));
+                }, "", new RequiredValidator(), new Validator(i18n("schematics.create_directory.failed.invalid_name"), FileUtils::isNameValid));
     }
 
     private DirItem loadAll(Path dir, @Nullable DirItem parent) {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/Versions.java

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ import javafx.application.Platform;
 import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.Account;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorAccount;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.GameAssetDownloadTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.GameDownloadTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.GameLibrariesTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteMod;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
@@ -146,7 +149,8 @@ public final class Versions {
             } else {
                 handler.reject(i18n("version.manage.rename.fail"));
             }
-        }, version, new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.malformed"), HMCLGameRepository::isValidVersionId),
+        }, version,
+            new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.malformed"), HMCLGameRepository::isValidVersionId),
             new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.already_exists"), newVersionName -> !profile.getRepository().versionIdConflicts(newVersionName) || newVersionName.equals(version)));
     }
 
@@ -158,6 +162,43 @@ public final class Versions {
         FXUtils.openFolder(profile.getRepository().getRunDirectory(version));
     }
 
+    public static void installFromJson(Profile profile, Path file) {
+        Version version;
+        try {
+            version = profile.getRepository().readVersionJson(file);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Controllers.dialog(i18n("install.new_game.malformed_json"), i18n("message.error"), MessageDialogPane.MessageType.ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Controllers.prompt(i18n("version.manage.duplicate.prompt"), (result, handler) -> {
+            handler.resolve();
+
+            DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = profile.getDependency();
+            HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
+            Version newVersion = version.setId(result).setJar(result);
+
+            Controllers.taskDialog(
+                    Task.allOf(new GameDownloadTask(dependencyManager, null, newVersion),
+                                    Task.allOf(
+                                            new GameAssetDownloadTask(dependencyManager, newVersion, GameAssetDownloadTask.DOWNLOAD_INDEX_FORCIBLY, true),
+                                            new GameLibrariesTask(dependencyManager, newVersion, true)
+                                    ).withRunAsync(() -> {
+                                        // ignore failure
+                                    }))
+                            .thenComposeAsync(repository.saveAsync(newVersion))
+                            .thenRunAsync(repository::refreshVersions)
+                            .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (exception) -> {
+                                if (exception == null) {
+                                    profile.setSelectedVersion(result);
+                                } else {
+                                    Controllers.dialog(
+                                            DownloadProviders.localizeErrorMessage(exception), i18n("install.failed"), MessageDialogPane.MessageType.ERROR);
+                                }
+                            }), i18n("install.new_game"), TaskCancellationAction.NORMAL);
+        }, FileUtils.getNameWithoutExtension(file), new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.malformed"), HMCLGameRepository::isValidVersionId), new Validator(i18n("install.new_game.already_exists"), newVersionName -> !profile.getRepository().versionIdConflicts(newVersionName)));
+    }
+
     public static void duplicateVersion(Profile profile, String version) {
         Controllers.prompt(
                 new PromptDialogPane.Builder(i18n("version.manage.duplicate.prompt"), (res, handler) -> {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/WorldManageUIUtils.java

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.WorldLockedException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.Controllers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.InputDialogPane;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.MessageDialogPane;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.RequiredValidator;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.Validator;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.wizard.SinglePageWizardProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
@@ -89,20 +90,9 @@ public final class WorldManageUIUtils {
 
     public static void copyWorld(World world, Runnable runnable) {
         Path worldPath = world.getFile();
-        Controllers.dialog(new InputDialogPane(
+        Controllers.prompt(
                 i18n("world.duplicate.prompt"),
-                "",
                 (result, handler) -> {
-                    if (StringUtils.isBlank(result)) {
-                        handler.reject(i18n("world.duplicate.failed.empty_name"));
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    if (result.contains("/") || result.contains("\\") || !FileUtils.isNameValid(result)) {
-                        handler.reject(i18n("world.duplicate.failed.invalid_name"));
-                        return;
-                    }
-
                     Path targetDir = worldPath.resolveSibling(result);
                     if (Files.exists(targetDir)) {
                         handler.reject(i18n("world.duplicate.failed.already_exists"));
@@ -125,7 +115,7 @@ public final class WorldManageUIUtils {
                                 }
                             })
                             .start();
-                }));
+                }, "", new RequiredValidator(), new Validator(i18n("world.duplicate.failed.invalid_name"), FileUtils::isNameValid));
     }
 
     public static void closeSessionLockChannel(World world, FileChannel sessionLockChannel) throws IOException {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/NativePatcher.java

@@ -189,15 +189,16 @@ public final class NativePatcher {
         return version.setLibraries(newLibraries);
     }
 
-    public static @Nullable Library getWindowsMesaLoader(@NotNull JavaRuntime javaVersion, @NotNull Renderer renderer, @NotNull OSVersion windowsVersion) {
+    /// @see <a href="https://github.com/HMCL-dev/mesa-loader-windows">Java Mesa Loader for Windows</a>
+    public static @Nullable Library getWindowsMesaLoader(@NotNull JavaRuntime java, @NotNull Renderer renderer, @NotNull OSVersion windowsVersion) {
         if (renderer == Renderer.DEFAULT)
             return null;
 
         if (windowsVersion.isAtLeast(OSVersion.WINDOWS_10)) {
-            return getNatives(javaVersion.getPlatform()).get("mesa-loader");
+            return getNatives(java.getPlatform()).get("mesa-loader");
         } else if (windowsVersion.isAtLeast(OSVersion.WINDOWS_7)) {
-            if (renderer == Renderer.LLVMPIPE)
-                return getNatives(javaVersion.getPlatform()).get("software-renderer-loader");
+            if (renderer == Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE)
+                return getNatives(java.getPlatform()).get("software-renderer-loader");
             else
                 return null;
         } else {

HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/i18n/translator/Translator_lzh.java

@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ public class Translator_lzh extends Translator {
                 case GA -> {
                     // do nothing
                 }
+                case SNAPSHOT -> {
+                    builder.append("之快照");
+                    appendDigitByDigit(builder, release.getEaVersion().toString());
+                }
                 case PRE_RELEASE -> {
                     builder.append("之預");
                     appendDigitByDigit(builder, release.getEaVersion().toString());

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/about/deps.json

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
   {
     "title" : "HelloNBT",
     "subtitle" : "Copyright © 2026 Glavo.\nLicensed under the Apache 2.0 License.",
-    "externalLink" : "https://github.com/Glavo/HelloNBT"
+    "externalLink" : "https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HelloNBT"
   },
   {
     "title" : "minecraft-jfx-skin",
@@ -88,5 +88,10 @@
     "title": "MonetFX",
     "subtitle": "Copyright © 2025 Glavo.\nLicensed under the Apache 2.0 License.",
     "externalLink": "https://github.com/Glavo/MonetFX"
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "LWJGL Unsafe Agent",
+    "subtitle": "Copyright © 2026 Glavo.\nLicensed under the Apache 2.0 License.",
+    "externalLink": "https://github.com/HMCL-dev/lwjgl-unsafe-agent"
   }
 ]

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/css/root.css

@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
 }
 
 .installer-item-wrapper .installer-item:list-item > .installer-item-name {
-    -fx-pref-width: 80px;
+    -fx-pref-width: 100px;
 }
 
 .installer-item-wrapper .installer-item:list-item > .installer-item-status {
@@ -1482,6 +1482,11 @@
     -fx-max-width: 1000000000;
 }
 
+.jfx-combo-box .arrow {
+    -fx-background-color: -monet-on-surface-variant;
+    -fx-shape: "M12 15 7 10H17L12 15Z";
+}
+
 .jfx-combo-box .text {
     -fx-fill: -monet-on-surface;
 }
@@ -1497,6 +1502,7 @@
 .combo-box-popup .list-view .jfx-list-cell {
     -fx-background-color: -monet-surface-container;
     -fx-text-fill: -monet-on-surface;
+    -fx-cursor: hand;
     -fx-background-insets: 0.0;
 }
 
@@ -1506,6 +1512,10 @@
     -fx-text-fill: -monet-on-secondary-container;
 }
 
+.combo-box-popup .list-view .list-cell:hover > .jfx-rippler > StackPane {
+    -fx-background-color: -monet-secondary-container-transparent-50;
+}
+
 .jfx-combo-box-warning {
     -jfx-focus-color: #D34336;
     -jfx-unfocus-color: #D34336;

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N.properties

@@ -762,6 +762,7 @@ install.new_game.already_exists=This instance name already exists. Please use an
 install.new_game.current_game_version=Current Instance Version
 install.new_game.installation=Instance Installation
 install.new_game.malformed=Invalid name.
+install.new_game.malformed_json=Invalid Minecraft instance JSON file.
 install.select=Choose operation
 install.success=Successfully installed.
 
@@ -1231,7 +1232,7 @@ world.load.fail=Failed to load world
 world.locked=In use
 world.locked.failed=The world is currently in use. Please close the game and try again.
 world.manage=Worlds
-world.manage.button=World Management
+world.manage.button=Manage World
 world.manage.title=World - %s
 world.name=World Name
 world.name.enter=Enter the world name
@@ -1336,6 +1337,15 @@ settings.advanced.dont_patch_natives=Do not attempt to automatically replace nat
 settings.advanced.environment_variables=Environment Variables
 settings.advanced.game_dir.default=Default (".minecraft/")
 settings.advanced.game_dir.independent=Isolated (".minecraft/versions/<instance name>/", except for assets and libraries)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend=Graphics API
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default=Default
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default.desc=Follow the game's settings
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl=OpenGL
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl.desc=Use OpenGL for rendering
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan=Vulkan
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc=Use Vulkan for rendering
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.global=Use Vulkan for rendering (Since Minecraft 26.2)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.unsupported=Use Vulkan for rendering (not supported for the current game version)
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space=PermGen Space
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space.prompt=in MiB
 settings.advanced.jvm=JVM Options
@@ -1378,13 +1388,47 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=Post-exit Command
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=Commands to execute after the game exits
 settings.advanced.renderer=Renderer
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=Default
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (Poor performance and compatibility)
+settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=Use System Default
+# Vulkan Renderers
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe=Mesa Lavapipe
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe.desc=Software Vulkan Renderer
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen=Mesa Dozen
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen.desc=Vulkan renderer based on DirectX 12 (Experimental)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan=NVIDIA
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan.desc=Official Vulkan driver for NVIDIA GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk=NVIDIA (NVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for NVIDIA GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk=AMD
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk.desc=Official Vulkan driver for AMD GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv=AMD (RADV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for AMD GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan=Intel
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan.desc=Official Vulkan driver for Intel GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv=Intel (ANV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for Intel GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk=Intel (HASVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for older Intel GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm=Qualcomm
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm.desc=Official Vulkan driver for Qualcomm Adreno GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip=Qualcomm (Turnip)
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for Qualcomm Adreno GPUs
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk=MoltenVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk.desc=Vulkan renderer based on Metal
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp=KosmicKrisp
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp.desc=Vulkan renderer based on Metal 4 (Experimental)
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr=PowerVR
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for PowerVR GPUs (Experimental)
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk=PanVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for Arm Mali GPUs (Experimental)
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv=V3DV
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv.desc=Open-source Vulkan driver for Raspberry Pi 4/5 GPUs (Experimental)
+# OpenGL Renderers
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=Software (Poor performance, best compatibility)
+settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=Software OpenGL renderer
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=OpenGL renderer based on DirectX 12
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (Best performance, poor compatibility)
+settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=OpenGL renderer based on Vulkan
 settings.advanced.server_ip=Server Address
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=Automatically join after launching the game
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=Settings not applicable to the current system

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_ar.properties

@@ -1218,7 +1218,6 @@ world.load.fail=فشل تحميل العالم
 world.locked=قيد الاستخدام
 world.locked.failed=العالم قيد الاستخدام حالياً. يُرجى إغلاق اللعبة والمحاولة مجدداً.
 world.manage=العوالم
-world.manage.button=إدارة العوالم
 world.manage.title=العالم - %s
 world.name=اسم العالم
 world.name.enter=أدخل اسم العالم
@@ -1365,13 +1364,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=أمر ما بعد الإغلاق
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=أوامر تُنفَّذ بعد إغلاق اللعبة
 settings.advanced.renderer=المُصيِّر
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=افتراضي
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (أداء وتوافق ضعيفان)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=برمجي (أداء ضعيف، توافق أفضل)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (أفضل أداء، توافق ضعيف)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=عنوان الخادم
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=الانضمام تلقائياً بعد تشغيل اللعبة
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=إعدادات غير مطبّقة على النظام الحالي

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_es.properties

@@ -1138,7 +1138,6 @@ world.info.random_seed=Semilla
 world.locked=En uso
 world.locked.failed=El mundo está actualmente en uso. Por favor, cierra el juego e inténtalo de nuevo.
 world.manage=Mundos
-world.manage.button=Administrar
 world.manage.title=Mundo - %s
 world.name=Nombre del mundo
 world.name.enter=Introducir el nombre del mundo
@@ -1269,13 +1268,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=Comando post-salida
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=El comando se ejecuta después de que el juego se detenga
 settings.advanced.renderer=Renderizador
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=Por defecto
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (Rendimiento y compatibilidad deficientes)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=Software (Bajo rendimiento, máxima compatibilidad)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (Máximo rendimiento, baja compatibilidad)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=Dirección del servidor
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=Entrar automáticamente después de ejecutar el juego
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=Configuración no aplicable al sistema actual

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_ja.properties

@@ -792,13 +792,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=終了後のコマンド
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=ゲーム終了後に実行されます
 settings.advanced.renderer=レンダラー
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=デフォルト
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (低パフォーマンス、低互換性)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=ソフトウェア (低速だが、互換性は最高)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (最高パフォーマンス、低互換性)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=サーバーアドレス
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=ゲームの起動時にサーバーに参加する
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=サポートされていないシステムオプション

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_lzh.properties

@@ -951,8 +951,8 @@ world.info.player.xp_level=經驗之層
 world.info.random_seed=種
 world.locked=見用
 world.manage=司生界
-world.manage.button=司生界
-world.manage.title=司生界 - %s
+world.manage.button=司此生界
+world.manage.title=生界 - %s
 world.name=生界之名
 world.name.enter=書生界之名
 world.show_all=全顯
@@ -1085,13 +1085,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=令於戲訖
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=將後戲訖而行
 settings.advanced.renderer=繪器
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=本
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=開圖庫
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (效與所適皆差，勘誤之用)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=軟繪器 (效差，所適至)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (效至，所適差)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=伺服器之址
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=本之址，啟訖徑入是伺服器
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=不逮今之械網所選

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_ru.properties

@@ -1130,7 +1130,6 @@ world.info.random_seed=Ключ генератора мира
 world.locked=В эксплуатации
 world.locked.failed=В настоящее время мир находится в эксплуатации. Закройте игру и попробуйте снова.
 world.manage=Миры
-world.manage.button=Управлять
 world.manage.title=Мир - %s
 world.name=Название мира
 world.name.enter=Введите название мира
@@ -1260,13 +1259,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=Команда после выхода
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=Команды, которые необходимо выполнить после выхода из игры
 settings.advanced.renderer=Рендерер
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=По умолчанию
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (Низкая производительность и совместимость)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=ПО (Низкая производительность, лучшая совместимость)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (Лучшая производительность, низкая совместимость)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=Адрес сервера
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=Присоединяться к серверу при запуске игры
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=Настройки, не применимые к текущей системе

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_uk.properties

@@ -1078,7 +1078,6 @@ world.info.random_seed=Насіння
 world.locked=Використовується
 world.locked.failed=Світ наразі використовується. Закрийте гру та спробуйте знову.
 world.manage=Світи
-world.manage.button=Керування світами
 world.manage.title=Світ - %s
 world.name=Назва світу
 world.name.enter=Введіть назву світу
@@ -1207,13 +1206,9 @@ settings.advanced.post_exit_command=Команда після виходу
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=Команди для виконання після виходу з гри
 settings.advanced.renderer=Рендерер
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=По умолчанию
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
 settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (Погана продуктивність та сумісність)
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=Програмний (Погана продуктивність, найкраща сумісність)
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (Найкраща продуктивність, погана сумісність)
 settings.advanced.server_ip=Адреса сервера
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=Автоматично приєднатися після запуску гри
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=Налаштування, що не застосовуються до поточної системи

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_zh.properties

@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@ install.new_game.already_exists=此實例已經存在，請重新命名
 install.new_game.current_game_version=目前遊戲實例
 install.new_game.installation=安裝新實例
 install.new_game.malformed=名稱無效
+install.new_game.malformed_json=無效的 Minecraft 實例 JSON 文件。
 install.select=請選取安裝方式
 install.success=安裝成功
 
@@ -1025,8 +1026,8 @@ world.locked=使用中
 world.locked.failed=該世界正在使用中，請關閉遊戲後重試。
 world.game_version=遊戲版本
 world.manage=世界管理
-world.manage.button=世界管理
-world.manage.title=世界管理 - %s
+world.manage.button=管理此世界
+world.manage.title=世界 - %s
 world.name=世界名稱
 world.name.enter=輸入世界名稱
 world.show_all=全部顯示
@@ -1126,6 +1127,15 @@ settings.advanced.dont_patch_natives=不嘗試自動取代本機庫
 settings.advanced.environment_variables=環境變數
 settings.advanced.game_dir.default=預設 (".minecraft/")
 settings.advanced.game_dir.independent=各實例獨立 (".minecraft/versions/<實例名>/"，除 assets、libraries 外)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend=圖形 API
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default=預設
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default.desc=遵循遊戲設定
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl=OpenGL
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl.desc=使用 OpenGL 渲染
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan=Vulkan
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc=使用 Vulkan 渲染
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.global=使用 Vulkan 渲染 (適用於 Minecraft 26.2 及更高版本)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.unsupported=使用 Vulkan 渲染 (不適用於當前遊戲版本)
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space=記憶體永久儲存區域
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space.prompt=單位 MiB
 settings.advanced.jvm=Java 虛擬機設定
@@ -1163,15 +1173,49 @@ settings.advanced.process_priority.high=高
 settings.advanced.process_priority.high.desc=優先保證遊戲執行，但可能會導致其他程式卡頓
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command=遊戲結束後執行指令
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=將在遊戲結束後呼叫使用
-settings.advanced.renderer=繪製器
+settings.advanced.renderer=繪製器/驅動
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=預設
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (效能與相容性較差，用於除錯)
+settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=使用系統預設繪製器
+# Vulkan Renderers
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe=Mesa Lavapipe
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe.desc=軟體 Vulkan 繪製器
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen=Mesa Dozen
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen.desc=基於 DirectX 12 的 Vulkan 繪製器 (實驗性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan=NVIDIA
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan.desc=NVIDIA GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk=NVIDIA (NVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk.desc=NVIDIA GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk=AMD
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk.desc=AMD GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv=AMD (RADV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv.desc=AMD GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan=Intel
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan.desc=Intel GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv=Intel (ANV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv.desc=Intel GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk=Intel (HASVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk.desc=Intel 舊 GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm=高通
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm.desc=高通 Adreno GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip=高通 (Turnip)
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip.desc=高通 Adreno GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk=MoltenVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk.desc=基於 Metal 的 Vulkan 繪製器
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp=KosmicKrisp
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp.desc=基於 Metal 4 的 Vulkan 繪製器 (實驗性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr=PowerVR
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr.desc=PowerVR GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動 (實驗性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk=PanVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk.desc=Arm Mali GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動 (實驗性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv=V3DV
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv.desc=樹莓派 4/5 GPU 的開源 Vulkan 驅動 (實驗性)
+# OpenGL Renderers
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=軟繪製器 (效能較差，相容性最好)
+settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=軟體 OpenGL 繪製器
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=基於 DirectX 12 的 OpenGL 繪製器
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (效能最好，相容性較差)
+settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=基於 Vulkan 的 OpenGL 繪製器
 settings.advanced.server_ip=伺服器位址
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=預設，啟動遊戲後直接進入對應伺服器
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=不適用於目前系統的選項

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/lang/I18N_zh_CN.properties

@@ -571,6 +571,7 @@ install.new_game.already_exists=此实例已经存在，请换一个名字
 install.new_game.current_game_version=当前游戏实例
 install.new_game.installation=安装新游戏
 install.new_game.malformed=名字不合法
+install.new_game.malformed_json=不是有效的 Minecraft 实例 JSON 文件。
 install.select=请选择安装方式
 install.success=安装成功
 
@@ -1030,8 +1031,8 @@ world.load.fail=世界加载失败
 world.locked=使用中
 world.locked.failed=该世界正在使用中，请关闭游戏后重试。
 world.manage=世界管理
-world.manage.button=世界管理
-world.manage.title=世界管理 - %s
+world.manage.button=管理此世界
+world.manage.title=世界 - %s
 world.name=世界名称
 world.name.enter=输入世界名称
 world.show_all=显示全部
@@ -1131,6 +1132,15 @@ settings.advanced.dont_patch_natives=不尝试自动替换本地库
 settings.advanced.environment_variables=环境变量
 settings.advanced.game_dir.default=默认 (".minecraft/")
 settings.advanced.game_dir.independent=各实例独立 (存放在 ".minecraft/versions/<实例名>/"，除 assets、libraries 外)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend=图形 API
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default=默认
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.default.desc=遵循游戏设置
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl=OpenGL
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.opengl.desc=使用 OpenGL 渲染
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan=Vulkan
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc=使用 Vulkan 渲染
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.global=使用 Vulkan 渲染 (适用于 Minecraft 26.2 及更高版本)
+settings.advanced.graphics_backend.vulkan.desc.unsupported=使用 Vulkan 渲染 (不适用于当前游戏版本)
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space=内存永久保存区域
 settings.advanced.java_permanent_generation_space.prompt=单位 MiB
 settings.advanced.jvm=Java 虚拟机设置
@@ -1168,15 +1178,49 @@ settings.advanced.process_priority.high=高
 settings.advanced.process_priority.high.desc=优先保证游戏运行，但可能会导致其他程序卡顿
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command=游戏结束后执行命令
 settings.advanced.post_exit_command.prompt=将在游戏结束后调用
-settings.advanced.renderer=渲染器
+settings.advanced.renderer=渲染器/驱动
 settings.advanced.renderer.default=默认
-settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=OpenGL
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
-settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=DirectX 12 (性能与兼容性较差，用于调试)
+settings.advanced.renderer.default.desc=使用系统默认渲染器
+# Vulkan Renderers
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe=Mesa Lavapipe
+settings.advanced.renderer.lavapipe.desc=软件 Vulkan 渲染器
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen=Mesa Dozen
+settings.advanced.renderer.dozen.desc=基于 DirectX 12 的 Vulkan 渲染器 (实验性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan=NVIDIA
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_vulkan.desc=NVIDIA GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk=NVIDIA (NVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.nvidia_nvk.desc=NVIDIA GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk=AMD
+settings.advanced.renderer.amdvlk.desc=AMD GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv=AMD (RADV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.amd_radv.desc=AMD GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan=Intel
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_vulkan.desc=Intel GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv=Intel (ANV)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_anv.desc=Intel GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk=Intel (HASVK)
+settings.advanced.renderer.intel_hasvk.desc=Intel 旧 GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm=高通
+settings.advanced.renderer.qualcomm.desc=高通 Adreno GPU 的官方 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip=高通 (Turnip)
+settings.advanced.renderer.turnip.desc=高通 Adreno GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk=MoltenVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.moltenvk.desc=基于 Metal 的 Vulkan 渲染器
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp=KosmicKrisp
+settings.advanced.renderer.kosmickrisp.desc=基于 Metal 4 的 Vulkan 渲染器 (实验性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr=PowerVR
+settings.advanced.renderer.powervr.desc=PowerVR GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动 (实验性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk=PanVK
+settings.advanced.renderer.panvk.desc=Arm Mali GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动 (实验性)
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv=V3DV
+settings.advanced.renderer.v3dv.desc=树莓派 4/5 GPU 的开源 Vulkan 驱动 (实验性)
+# OpenGL Renderers
 settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe=Mesa LLVMpipe
-settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=软渲染器 (性能较差，兼容性最好)
+settings.advanced.renderer.llvmpipe.desc=软件 OpenGL 渲染器
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12=Mesa D3D12
+settings.advanced.renderer.d3d12.desc=基于 DirectX 12 的 OpenGL 渲染器
 settings.advanced.renderer.zink=Mesa Zink
-settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=Vulkan (性能最好，兼容性较差)
+settings.advanced.renderer.zink.desc=基于 Vulkan 的 OpenGL 渲染器
 settings.advanced.server_ip=服务器地址
 settings.advanced.server_ip.prompt=默认，启动游戏后可以直接进入对应服务器
 settings.advanced.unsupported_system_options=不适用于当前系统的选项

HMCL/src/main/resources/assets/natives.json

@@ -781,17 +781,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl/3.4.1/lwjgl-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl/3.4.1/lwjgl-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "6105690714874b995aa7812e4f7732a21109276c",
-          "size": 1157957
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -803,17 +792,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-jemalloc:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-jemalloc:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-jemalloc/3.4.1/lwjgl-jemalloc-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-jemalloc/3.4.1/lwjgl-jemalloc-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "16b663092854fc6adfe0a941e61cae2bb2e437b6",
-          "size": 47872
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-jemalloc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-jemalloc:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -825,17 +803,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-openal:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-openal:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-openal/3.4.1/lwjgl-openal-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-openal/3.4.1/lwjgl-openal-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "8508bd60589de0539aa465b78fcf838efd07ae9a",
-          "size": 153919
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-openal:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-openal:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -847,17 +814,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-opengl:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-opengl:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-opengl/3.4.1/lwjgl-opengl-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-opengl/3.4.1/lwjgl-opengl-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "830412cab823c029cda6b9729f9d2ed36cf79959",
-          "size": 937660
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-opengl:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-opengl:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -869,17 +825,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-glfw:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-glfw:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-glfw/3.4.1/lwjgl-glfw-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-glfw/3.4.1/lwjgl-glfw-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "a782b1ddd175c9107bf300fd92920579ea65e2a4",
-          "size": 151893
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-glfw:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-glfw:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -891,17 +836,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-stb:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-stb:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-stb/3.4.1/lwjgl-stb-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-stb/3.4.1/lwjgl-stb-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "f077c3dafc31924fbe8acb0b913f08977ba27f8e",
-          "size": 142927
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-stb:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-stb:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -913,17 +847,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-tinyfd:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-tinyfd:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-tinyfd/3.4.1/lwjgl-tinyfd-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-tinyfd/3.4.1/lwjgl-tinyfd-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "562697d40dbd2ed0424bf24dcf65d51170f81adf",
-          "size": 15931
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-tinyfd:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-tinyfd:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -935,17 +858,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-freetype:3.4.1": {
-      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-freetype:3.4.1",
-      "downloads": {
-        "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-freetype/3.4.1/lwjgl-freetype-3.4.1.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-freetype/3.4.1/lwjgl-freetype-3.4.1.jar",
-          "sha1": "caa75a37e857efc9b0686e434d708d6420c5b6ea",
-          "size": 464342
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-freetype:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
       "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-freetype:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
       "downloads": {
@@ -957,6 +869,39 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "sha1": "bc5c99b2eb7e2109c6db21cfced15a6851f8111b",
+          "size": 3397476
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "sha1": "e2eaa8f516d43fe11b8253e6243b3d8e1315c9c8",
+          "size": 1139919
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux-arm64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-linux-arm64.jar",
+          "sha1": "de40d43c5947c4a4f91376af8f2c00e5396cc109",
+          "size": 59715
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "org.lwjgl.lwjgl:lwjgl-platform:2.9.0:natives": {
       "name": "org.glavo.hmcl:lwjgl2-natives:2.9.3",
       "downloads": {
@@ -2689,6 +2634,9 @@
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-stb:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-tinyfd:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
     "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-freetype:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux": null,
     "net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.8.0": {
       "name": "net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.13.0",
       "downloads": {
@@ -4359,6 +4307,83 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "5c02c88f0d879529014c78463b76f43fdecfd272",
+          "size": 153051
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux-riscv64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "sha1": "5598b0b86d4b3ca0ae78817719d5814efb9c7a77",
+          "size": 3147886
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "188553592e97b5ab2dba54a1b403ee80b48dad4c",
+          "size": 148285
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux-riscv64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "sha1": "ea09f614c961b14962e4cc55a05c6767f9440f3f",
+          "size": 1215586
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "2c54ce10154feb1ede4d23c5947438cdbfdcc003",
+          "size": 109209
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux-riscv64",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-linux-riscv64.jar",
+          "sha1": "9616440ee3cb2cfeacd99a61eefded856b5d7efe",
+          "size": 57091
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vulkan:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vulkan:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vulkan/3.4.1/lwjgl-vulkan-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vulkan/3.4.1/lwjgl-vulkan-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "d0601fdc38890755e5638048c14cc0f7b990964b",
+          "size": 8356700
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "com.github.oshi:oshi-core:6.6.5": {
       "name": "com.github.oshi:oshi-core:6.8.0",
       "downloads": {
@@ -4378,13 +4403,13 @@
   },
   "windows-x86_64": {
     "mesa-loader": {
-      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:25.0.3:x64",
+      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:26.0.4:x64",
       "downloads": {
         "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-x64.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-x64.jar",
-          "sha1": "b2552fcc8c98e95b4559c39f2ff87cdb3aaaa513",
-          "size": 27971214
+          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-x64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-x64.jar",
+          "sha1": "f8da709c59ef61f531c91434ca0e3b4f39202981",
+          "size": 49873846
         }
       }
     },
@@ -4402,13 +4427,13 @@
   },
   "windows-x86": {
     "mesa-loader": {
-      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:25.0.3:x86",
+      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:26.0.4:x86",
       "downloads": {
         "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-x86.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-x86.jar",
-          "sha1": "6fd0fd7da88ca6636f735e1e0f6feb7f62f59715",
-          "size": 23311299
+          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-x86.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-x86.jar",
+          "sha1": "ac6afaa8baa7c17468267c09e77e1296ee92d5ed",
+          "size": 41742113
         }
       }
     }
@@ -4791,13 +4816,13 @@
     "com.mojang:text2speech:1.12.4:natives": null,
     "com.mojang:text2speech:1.13.9:natives-windows": null,
     "mesa-loader": {
-      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:25.0.3:arm64",
+      "name": "org.glavo:mesa-loader-windows:26.0.4:arm64",
       "downloads": {
         "artifact": {
-          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-arm64.jar",
-          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/25.0.3/mesa-loader-windows-25.0.3-arm64.jar",
-          "sha1": "40ca5de3351bf48b7b9efa5d2598d5b6b4d1ab8e",
-          "size": 24905270
+          "path": "org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-arm64.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/glavo/mesa-loader-windows/26.0.4/mesa-loader-windows-26.0.4-arm64.jar",
+          "sha1": "5c761a344700a07eaded51c5cf0cde36ee614706",
+          "size": 43504189
         }
       }
     }
@@ -6325,6 +6350,83 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "5c02c88f0d879529014c78463b76f43fdecfd272",
+          "size": 153051
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-shaderc:3.4.1:natives-freebsd",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-shaderc/3.4.1/lwjgl-shaderc-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "sha1": "872460f4b007ed3a13a2d311e90bda5370406fc8",
+          "size": 2953522
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "188553592e97b5ab2dba54a1b403ee80b48dad4c",
+          "size": 148285
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-spvc:3.4.1:natives-freebsd",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-spvc/3.4.1/lwjgl-spvc-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "sha1": "7a3d0e4a74f022b3196ecd33d9ebffafec7767f4",
+          "size": 1094646
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "2c54ce10154feb1ede4d23c5947438cdbfdcc003",
+          "size": 109209
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-linux": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vma:3.4.1:natives-freebsd",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vma/3.4.1/lwjgl-vma-3.4.1-natives-freebsd.jar",
+          "sha1": "85851480bef99188bf9a84b36cbe862cb4a52016",
+          "size": 62862
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vulkan:3.4.1": {
+      "name": "org.lwjgl:lwjgl-vulkan:3.4.1",
+      "downloads": {
+        "artifact": {
+          "path": "org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vulkan/3.4.1/lwjgl-vulkan-3.4.1.jar",
+          "url": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/lwjgl/lwjgl-vulkan/3.4.1/lwjgl-vulkan-3.4.1.jar",
+          "sha1": "d0601fdc38890755e5638048c14cc0f7b990964b",
+          "size": 8356700
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "net.java.jinput:jinput-platform:2.0.5:natives": null,
     "com.mojang:text2speech:1.10.3:natives": null,
     "com.mojang:text2speech:1.11.3:natives": null,

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/OAuth.java

@@ -80,37 +80,37 @@ public class OAuth {
     }
 
     private Result authenticateAuthorizationCode(Options options) throws IOException, InterruptedException, JsonParseException, ExecutionException, AuthenticationException {
-        Session session = options.callback.startServer();
+        try (Session session = options.callback.startServer()) {
+            String codeVerifier = session.getCodeVerifier();
+            String state = session.getState();
+            String codeChallenge = generateCodeChallenge(codeVerifier);
 
-        String codeVerifier = session.getCodeVerifier();
-        String state = session.getState();
-        String codeChallenge = generateCodeChallenge(codeVerifier);
+            options.callback.openBrowser(GrantFlow.AUTHORIZATION_CODE, NetworkUtils.withQuery(authorizationURL,
+                    mapOf(pair("client_id", options.callback.getClientId()),
+                            pair("response_type", "code"),
+                            pair("redirect_uri", session.getRedirectURI()),
+                            pair("scope", options.scope),
+                            pair("prompt", "select_account"),
+                            pair("code_challenge", codeChallenge),
+                            pair("state", state),
+                            pair("code_challenge_method", "S256")
+                    )));
+            String code = session.waitFor();
 
-        options.callback.openBrowser(GrantFlow.AUTHORIZATION_CODE, NetworkUtils.withQuery(authorizationURL,
-                mapOf(pair("client_id", options.callback.getClientId()),
-                        pair("response_type", "code"),
-                        pair("redirect_uri", session.getRedirectURI()),
-                        pair("scope", options.scope),
-                        pair("prompt", "select_account"),
-                        pair("code_challenge", codeChallenge),
-                        pair("state", state),
-                        pair("code_challenge_method", "S256")
-                )));
-        String code = session.waitFor();
-
-        // Authorization Code -> Token
-        AuthorizationResponse response = HttpRequest.POST(accessTokenURL)
-                .form(pair("client_id", options.callback.getClientId()),
-                        pair("code", code),
-                        pair("grant_type", "authorization_code"),
-                        pair("code_verifier", codeVerifier),
-                        pair("redirect_uri", session.getRedirectURI()),
-                        pair("scope", options.scope))
-                .ignoreHttpCode()
-                .retry(5)
-                .getJson(AuthorizationResponse.class);
-        handleErrorResponse(response);
-        return new Result(response.accessToken, response.refreshToken);
+            // Authorization Code -> Token
+            AuthorizationResponse response = HttpRequest.POST(accessTokenURL)
+                    .form(pair("client_id", options.callback.getClientId()),
+                            pair("code", code),
+                            pair("grant_type", "authorization_code"),
+                            pair("code_verifier", codeVerifier),
+                            pair("redirect_uri", session.getRedirectURI()),
+                            pair("scope", options.scope))
+                    .ignoreHttpCode()
+                    .retry(5)
+                    .getJson(AuthorizationResponse.class);
+            handleErrorResponse(response);
+            return new Result(response.accessToken, response.refreshToken);
+        }
     }
 
     private Result authenticateDevice(Options options) throws IOException, InterruptedException, JsonParseException, AuthenticationException {
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public class OAuth {
         }
     }
 
-    public interface Session {
+    public interface Session extends AutoCloseable {
         String getState();
 
         String getCodeVerifier();
@@ -253,6 +253,9 @@ public class OAuth {
         default String getIdToken() {
             return null;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        void close();
     }
 
     public interface Callback {

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/java/mojang/MojangJavaDownloadTask.java

@@ -37,40 +37,45 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
 import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.security.DigestInputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.util.*;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 
 public final class MojangJavaDownloadTask extends Task<MojangJavaDownloadTask.Result> {
 
+    private static final String JAVA_LIST_URL = "https://piston-meta.mojang.com/v1/products/java-runtime/2ec0cc96c44e5a76b9c8b7c39df7210883d12871/all.json";
+
     private final DownloadProvider downloadProvider;
     private final Path target;
+    private final Path tempDir;
     private final Task<MojangJavaRemoteFiles> javaDownloadsTask;
     private final List<Task<?>> dependencies = new ArrayList<>();
 
     private volatile MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download;
 
-    public MojangJavaDownloadTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Path target, GameJavaVersion javaVersion, String platform) {
+    public MojangJavaDownloadTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Path target, Path tempDir, GameJavaVersion javaVersion, String platform) {
         this.target = target;
+        this.tempDir = tempDir;
         this.downloadProvider = downloadProvider;
-        this.javaDownloadsTask = new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(
-                "https://piston-meta.mojang.com/v1/products/java-runtime/2ec0cc96c44e5a76b9c8b7c39df7210883d12871/all.json"))
-        .thenComposeAsync(javaDownloadsJson -> {
-            MojangJavaDownloads allDownloads = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(javaDownloadsJson, MojangJavaDownloads.class);
+        this.javaDownloadsTask = new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(JAVA_LIST_URL))
+                .thenComposeAsync(javaDownloadsJson -> {
+                    MojangJavaDownloads allDownloads = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(javaDownloadsJson, MojangJavaDownloads.class);
 
-            Map<String, List<MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload>> osDownloads = allDownloads.getDownloads().get(platform);
-            if (osDownloads == null || !osDownloads.containsKey(javaVersion.component()))
-                throw new UnsupportedPlatformException("Unsupported platform: " + platform);
-            List<MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload> candidates = osDownloads.get(javaVersion.component());
-            for (MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download : candidates) {
-                if (JavaInfo.parseVersion(download.getVersion().getName()) >= javaVersion.majorVersion()) {
-                    this.download = download;
-                    return new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(download.getManifest().getUrl()));
-                }
-            }
-            throw new UnsupportedPlatformException("Candidates: " + JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(candidates));
-        })
-        .thenApplyAsync(javaDownloadJson -> JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(javaDownloadJson, MojangJavaRemoteFiles.class));
+                    Map<String, List<MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload>> osDownloads = allDownloads.downloads().get(platform);
+                    if (osDownloads == null || !osDownloads.containsKey(javaVersion.component()))
+                        throw new UnsupportedPlatformException("Unsupported platform: " + platform);
+                    List<MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload> candidates = osDownloads.get(javaVersion.component());
+                    for (MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download : candidates) {
+                        if (JavaInfo.parseVersion(download.version().name()) >= javaVersion.majorVersion()) {
+                            this.download = download;
+                            return new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(download.manifest().getUrl()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    throw new UnsupportedPlatformException("Candidates: " + JsonUtils.GSON.toJson(candidates));
+                })
+                .thenApplyAsync(javaDownloadJson -> JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(javaDownloadJson, MojangJavaRemoteFiles.class));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -81,10 +86,8 @@ public final class MojangJavaDownloadTask extends Task<MojangJavaDownloadTask.Re
     @Override
     public void execute() throws Exception {
         for (Map.Entry<String, MojangJavaRemoteFiles.Remote> entry : javaDownloadsTask.getResult().getFiles().entrySet()) {
-            Path dest = target.resolve(entry.getKey());
-            if (entry.getValue() instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) {
-                MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile file = ((MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) entry.getValue());
-
+            Path dest = tempDir.resolve(entry.getKey());
+            if (entry.getValue() instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile file) {
                 // Use local file if it already exists
                 try {
                     BasicFileAttributes localFileAttributes = Files.readAttributes(dest, BasicFileAttributes.class);
@@ -101,17 +104,34 @@ public final class MojangJavaDownloadTask extends Task<MojangJavaDownloadTask.Re
 
                 if (file.getDownloads().containsKey("lzma")) {
                     DownloadInfo download = file.getDownloads().get("lzma");
-                    Path tempFile = target.resolve(entry.getKey() + ".lzma");
-                    var task = new FileDownloadTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(download.getUrl()), tempFile, new FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck("SHA-1", download.getSha1()));
+                    DownloadInfo raw = file.getDownloads().get("raw");
+
+                    String rawSha1;
+                    if (raw != null && raw.getSha1() != null) {
+                        rawSha1 = raw.getSha1();
+                    } else {
+                        rawSha1 = null;
+                    }
+
+                    Path tempFile = tempDir.resolve(entry.getKey() + ".lzma");
+                    var task = new FileDownloadTask(downloadProvider.injectURLWithCandidates(download.getUrl()), tempFile,
+                            new FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck("SHA-1", download.getSha1()));
                     task.setName(entry.getKey());
                     dependencies.add(task.thenRunAsync(() -> {
-                        Path decompressed = target.resolve(entry.getKey() + ".tmp");
-                        try (LZMAInputStream input = new LZMAInputStream(Files.newInputStream(tempFile))) {
+                        Path decompressed = tempDir.resolve(entry.getKey() + ".tmp");
+                        var digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+                        try (var input = new DigestInputStream(new LZMAInputStream(Files.newInputStream(tempFile)), digest)) {
                             Files.copy(input, decompressed, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
                         } catch (IOException e) {
                             throw new ArtifactMalformedException("File " + entry.getKey() + " is malformed", e);
                         }
 
+                        String actualSha1 = HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest());
+
+                        if (rawSha1 != null && !actualSha1.equalsIgnoreCase(rawSha1)) {
+                            throw new ArtifactMalformedException("File " + entry.getKey() + " has incorrect SHA-1 hash: expected " + rawSha1 + ", got " + actualSha1);
+                        }
+
                         try {
                             Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);
                         } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -137,8 +157,7 @@ public final class MojangJavaDownloadTask extends Task<MojangJavaDownloadTask.Re
                 }
             } else if (entry.getValue() instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteDirectory) {
                 Files.createDirectories(dest);
-            } else if (entry.getValue() instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteLink) {
-                MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteLink link = ((MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteLink) entry.getValue());
+            } else if (entry.getValue() instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteLink link) {
                 Files.deleteIfExists(dest);
                 Files.createSymbolicLink(dest, Paths.get(link.getTarget()));
             }
@@ -157,16 +176,19 @@ public final class MojangJavaDownloadTask extends Task<MojangJavaDownloadTask.Re
 
     @Override
     public void postExecute() throws Exception {
-        setResult(new Result(download, javaDownloadsTask.getResult()));
-    }
+        if (isDependenciesSucceeded()) {
+            FileUtils.cleanDirectory(target);
 
-    public static final class Result {
-        public final MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download;
-        public final MojangJavaRemoteFiles remoteFiles;
-
-        public Result(MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download, MojangJavaRemoteFiles remoteFiles) {
-            this.download = download;
-            this.remoteFiles = remoteFiles;
+            if (Files.getFileStore(target).equals(Files.getFileStore(tempDir))) {
+                Files.move(tempDir, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            } else {
+                FileUtils.copyDirectory(tempDir, target);
+                FileUtils.deleteDirectory(tempDir);
+            }
+            setResult(new Result(download, javaDownloadsTask.getResult()));
         }
     }
+
+    public record Result(MojangJavaDownloads.JavaDownload download, MojangJavaRemoteFiles remoteFiles) {
+    }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/java/mojang/MojangJavaDownloads.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.java.mojang;
 import com.google.gson.*;
 import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.DownloadInfo;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Immutable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -29,21 +29,10 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.listTypeOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.mapTypeOf;
 
+@JsonSerializable
 @JsonAdapter(MojangJavaDownloads.Adapter.class)
-public class MojangJavaDownloads {
-
-    private final Map<String, Map<String, List<JavaDownload>>> downloads;
-
-    public MojangJavaDownloads(Map<String, Map<String, List<JavaDownload>>> downloads) {
-        this.downloads = downloads;
-    }
-
-    public Map<String, Map<String, List<JavaDownload>>> getDownloads() {
-        return downloads;
-    }
-
+public record MojangJavaDownloads(Map<String, Map<String, List<JavaDownload>>> downloads) {
     public static class Adapter implements JsonSerializer<MojangJavaDownloads>, JsonDeserializer<MojangJavaDownloads> {
-
         @Override
         public JsonElement serialize(MojangJavaDownloads src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
             return context.serialize(src.downloads);
@@ -55,78 +44,15 @@ public class MojangJavaDownloads {
         }
     }
 
-    @Immutable
-    public static class JavaDownload {
-        private final Availability availability;
-        private final DownloadInfo manifest;
-        private final Version version;
-
-        public JavaDownload() {
-            this(new Availability(), new DownloadInfo(), new Version());
-        }
-
-        public JavaDownload(Availability availability, DownloadInfo manifest, Version version) {
-            this.availability = availability;
-            this.manifest = manifest;
-            this.version = version;
-        }
-
-        public Availability getAvailability() {
-            return availability;
-        }
-
-        public DownloadInfo getManifest() {
-            return manifest;
-        }
-
-        public Version getVersion() {
-            return version;
-        }
+    @JsonSerializable
+    public record JavaDownload(Availability availability, DownloadInfo manifest, Version version) {
     }
 
-    @Immutable
-    public static class Availability {
-        private final int group;
-        private final int progress;
-
-        public Availability() {
-            this(0, 0);
-        }
-
-        public Availability(int group, int progress) {
-            this.group = group;
-            this.progress = progress;
-        }
-
-        public int getGroup() {
-            return group;
-        }
-
-        public int getProgress() {
-            return progress;
-        }
+    @JsonSerializable
+    public record Availability(int group, int progress) {
     }
 
-    @Immutable
-    public static class Version {
-        private final String name;
-        private final String released;
-
-        public Version() {
-            this("", "");
-        }
-
-        public Version(String name, String released) {
-            this.name = name;
-            this.released = released;
-        }
-
-        public String getName() {
-            return name;
-        }
-
-        public String getReleased() {
-            return released;
-        }
+    @JsonSerializable
+    public record Version(String name, String released) {
     }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeOfficialVersionList.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.VersionList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.GetTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -75,16 +76,38 @@ public final class NeoForgeOfficialVersionList extends VersionList<NeoForgeRemot
                     String mcVersion;
 
                     try {
-                        int si1 = version.indexOf('.'), si2 = version.indexOf('.', version.indexOf('.') + 1);
+                        int si1 = version.indexOf('.');
+                        int si2 = version.indexOf('.', si1 + 1);
+                        if (si1 < 0 || si2 < 0) {
+                            LOG.warning("Unsupported NeoForge version: " + version);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
                         int majorVersion = Integer.parseInt(version.substring(0, si1));
                         if (majorVersion == 0) { // Snapshot version.
                             mcVersion = version.substring(si1 + 1, si2);
                         } else {
-                            String ver = version.substring(0, Integer.parseInt(version.substring(si1 + 1, si2)) == 0 ? si1 : si2);
                             if (majorVersion >= 26) {
+                                int si3 = version.indexOf('.', si2 + 1);
+
+                                if (si3 < 0) {
+                                    LOG.warning("Unsupported NeoForge version: " + version);
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                String ver = Integer.parseInt(version.substring(si2 + 1, si3)) == 0
+                                        ? version.substring(0, si2)
+                                        : version.substring(0, si3);
+
                                 int separator = version.indexOf('+');
-                                mcVersion = separator < 0 ? ver : ver + "-" + version.substring(separator + 1);
+                                if (separator < 0)
+                                    mcVersion = ver;
+                                else
+                                    mcVersion = ver + "-" + version.substring(separator + 1);
                             } else {
+                                String ver = Integer.parseInt(version.substring(si1 + 1, si2)) == 0
+                                        ? version.substring(0, si1)
+                                        : version.substring(0, si2);
                                 mcVersion = "1." + ver;
                             }
                         }
@@ -106,14 +129,7 @@ public final class NeoForgeOfficialVersionList extends VersionList<NeoForgeRemot
         });
     }
 
-    private static final class OfficialAPIResult {
-        private final boolean isSnapshot;
-
-        private final List<String> versions;
-
-        public OfficialAPIResult(boolean isSnapshot, List<String> versions) {
-            this.isSnapshot = isSnapshot;
-            this.versions = versions;
-        }
+    @JsonSerializable
+    private record OfficialAPIResult(boolean isSnapshot, List<String> versions) {
     }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/GraphicsAPI.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/// The Graphics API.
+public enum GraphicsAPI {
+    DEFAULT,
+    OPENGL,
+    VULKAN;
+
+    private final String minecraftArg = name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+
+    public String getMinecraftArg() {
+        return minecraftArg;
+    }
+}

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LaunchOptions.java

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ public class LaunchOptions implements Serializable {
     private NativesDirectoryType nativesDirType;
     private String nativesDir;
     private ProcessPriority processPriority = ProcessPriority.NORMAL;
+    private GraphicsAPI graphicsBackend = GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT;
     private Renderer renderer = Renderer.DEFAULT;
     private boolean useNativeGLFW;
     private boolean useNativeOpenAL;
@@ -244,7 +245,11 @@ public class LaunchOptions implements Serializable {
         return processPriority;
     }
 
-    public Renderer getRenderer() {
+    public @NotNull GraphicsAPI getGraphicsBackend() {
+        return graphicsBackend;
+    }
+
+    public @NotNull Renderer getRenderer() {
         return renderer;
     }
 
@@ -435,8 +440,13 @@ public class LaunchOptions implements Serializable {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public Builder setRenderer(@NotNull Renderer renderer) {
-            options.renderer = renderer;
+        public Builder setGraphicsBackend(GraphicsAPI backend) {
+            options.graphicsBackend = Objects.requireNonNullElse(backend, GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder setRenderer(Renderer renderer) {
+            options.renderer = Objects.requireNonNullElse(renderer, Renderer.DEFAULT);
             return this;
         }
 

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/Renderer.java

@@ -17,9 +17,529 @@
  */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 
-public enum Renderer {
-    DEFAULT,
-    ZINK,
-    LLVMPIPE,
-    D3D12
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.hardware.GraphicsCard;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.hardware.HardwareVendor;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.macos.HomebrewUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Contract;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+public sealed interface Renderer permits Renderer.Default, Renderer.Driver, Renderer.Unknown {
+
+    /// Default renderer.
+    Default DEFAULT = new Default();
+
+    /// Parse a renderer from a string.
+    static Renderer of(String name) {
+        if ("DEFAULT".equalsIgnoreCase(name) || name.isBlank())
+            return DEFAULT;
+
+        String upper = name.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT).trim();
+
+        try {
+            return OpenGL.valueOf(upper);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return Vulkan.valueOf(upper);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+        }
+
+        return new Unknown(name);
+    }
+
+    /// Get all supported renderers for a given graphics API.
+    static @Unmodifiable List<Renderer> getSupported(GraphicsAPI api) {
+        return switch (api) {
+            case DEFAULT -> List.of(DEFAULT);
+            case VULKAN -> Vulkan.Holder.SUPPORTED;
+            case OPENGL -> OpenGL.SUPPORTED;
+        };
+    }
+
+    String name();
+
+    final class Default implements Renderer {
+        private Default() {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String name() {
+            return "DEFAULT";
+        }
+    }
+
+    sealed interface Driver extends Renderer permits Vulkan, OpenGL {
+
+        /// The graphics API that this driver belongs to.
+        GraphicsAPI api();
+
+        /// If this driver can be loaded via [mesa-loader-windows](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/mesa-loader-windows),
+        /// return the driver name, otherwise return `null`.
+        @Contract(pure = true)
+        default @Nullable String mesaDriverName() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum Vulkan implements Driver {
+        /// Mesa Lavapipe driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a software rasterizer.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/llvmpipe.html">LLVMpipe - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        LAVAPIPE("lvp") {
+            @Override
+            public String mesaDriverName() {
+                return "lavapipe";
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa Dozen driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver based on DirectX 12.
+        ///
+        /// ## Note
+        /// Currently, Dozen does not support the VK_KHR_push_descriptor feature, so it cannot launch Minecraft 26.2
+        /// Using Dozen can run Minecraft 1.21.11 + VulkanMod, but it will cause the game to crash after playing for a while
+        DOZEN("dzn") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String mesaDriverName() {
+                return "dzn";
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// NVIDIA Vulkan driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for NVIDIA GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan">Vulkan Open Standard Modern GPU API | NVIDIA Developer</a>
+        NVIDIA_VULKAN("nvidia") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.NVIDIA);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa NVK driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for NVIDIA GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/nvk.html">NVK - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        NVIDIA_NVK("nouveau") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.NVIDIA);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for AMD GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://github.com/GPUOpen-Drivers/AMDVLK">GPUOpen-Drivers/AMDVLK - GitHub</a>
+        AMDVLK("amd") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.AMD);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa RADV driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for AMD GCN/RDNA GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/radv.html">RADV - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        AMD_RADV("radeon") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.AMD);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Intel Vulkan driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Intel GPUs.
+        INTEL_VULKAN("ig") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.INTEL);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa ANV driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Intel GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/anv.html">ANV - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        INTEL_ANV("intel") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.INTEL);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Intel HASVK driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Intel Gen7 (Ivy Bridge / Haswell) and Gen8 (Broadwell) graphics.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/18208">intel: split vulkan driver between gfx7/8 and above</a>
+        INTEL_HASVK("intel_hasvk") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                        && cards != null
+                        && cards.stream().anyMatch(card -> card.getVendor() == HardwareVendor.INTEL && card.getName().startsWith("Intel HD Graphics "));
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Qualcomm Vulkan driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Qualcomm Adreno GPUs.
+        QUALCOMM("qc") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.equals(Platform.WINDOWS_ARM64);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa Turnip driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Qualcomm Adreno GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/freedreno.html">Freedreno - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        TURNIP("freedreno") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && platform.arch().isArm();
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// MoltenVK driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for macOS, iOS, tvOS, and visionOS.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK">KhronosGroup/MoltenVK - GitHub</a>
+        MOLTENVK("MoltenVK") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.MACOS;
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa KosmicKrisp driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Apple Silicon hardware.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/kosmickrisp.html">KosmicKrisp - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        KOSMICKRISP("kosmickrisp_mesa") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.MACOS && platform.arch() == Architecture.ARM64;
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa PowerVR driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for Imagination Technologies PowerVR GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/powervr.html">PowerVR - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        POWERVR("powervr") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.IMG);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa PanVK driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for ARM Mali GPUs.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/panfrost.html">Panfrost - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        PANVK("panfrost") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.LINUX && platform.arch().isArm();
+            }
+        },
+
+        /// Mesa V3DV driver.
+        ///
+        /// It is a Vulkan driver for the Raspberry Pi 4 and Raspberry Pi 5.
+        ///
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3dv.html">V3DV - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        V3DV("broadcom") {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.LINUX && platform.arch().isArm()
+                        && Vulkan.hasCard(cards, HardwareVendor.BROADCOM);
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final class Holder {
+            static final List<Renderer> SUPPORTED;
+            static final Map<Vulkan, Path> DRIVER_TO_ICD_FILE;
+
+            static {
+                var driverToIcdFile = new EnumMap<Vulkan, Path>(Vulkan.class);
+                var supported = new LinkedHashSet<Renderer>();
+
+
+                // Helper
+                String archName = switch (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH) {
+                    case X86 -> "i686";
+                    case X86_64 -> "x86_64";
+                    case ARM64 -> "aarch64";
+                    default -> Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getCheckedName();
+                };
+
+                var icdFileNamePattern = Pattern.compile("(?<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)_icd(?:\\." + Pattern.quote(archName) + ")?\\.json");
+                Map<String, Vulkan> icdNameToDriver = Stream.of(values()).collect(Collectors.toMap(Vulkan::icdName, Function.identity()));
+
+                supported.add(DEFAULT);
+
+                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                    supported.addAll(List.of(LAVAPIPE, DOZEN));
+
+                    List<GraphicsCard> graphicsCards = SystemInfo.getGraphicsCards();
+                    if (graphicsCards != null) {
+                        EnumSet<Vulkan> foundSupported = EnumSet.noneOf(Vulkan.class);
+                        for (GraphicsCard card : graphicsCards) {
+                            if (!card.getVulkanDriverFiles().isEmpty()) {
+                                for (Path icdFile : card.getVulkanDriverFiles()) {
+                                    String fileName = FileUtils.getName(icdFile);
+                                    if (!fileName.endsWith(".json"))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                    Vulkan driver;
+
+                                    Matcher matcher = icdFileNamePattern.matcher(fileName);
+                                    if (matcher.matches()) {
+                                        String icdName = matcher.group("name");
+                                        driver = icdNameToDriver.get(icdName);
+                                    } else {
+                                        switch (fileName.substring(0, fileName.length() - ".json".length())) {
+                                            case "igvk64" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_64)
+                                                    driver = INTEL_VULKAN;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "igvk32" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32)
+                                                    driver = INTEL_VULKAN;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "nv-vk64" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_64)
+                                                    driver = NVIDIA_VULKAN;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "nv-vk32" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32)
+                                                    driver = NVIDIA_VULKAN;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "amd-vulkan64" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_64)
+                                                    driver = AMDVLK;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "amd-vulkan32" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32)
+                                                    driver = AMDVLK;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            case "qcvk_icd_arm64x" -> {
+                                                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
+                                                    driver = QUALCOMM;
+                                                else
+                                                    continue;
+                                            }
+                                            default -> {
+                                                continue;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    driverToIcdFile.putIfAbsent(driver, icdFile);
+                                    foundSupported.add(driver);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        supported.addAll(foundSupported);
+                    }
+
+                } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                    // LWJGL integrates MoltenVK, so it is always available
+                    supported.add(MOLTENVK);
+
+                    // We need libvulkan.1.dylib to load custom Vulkan drivers
+                    if (Files.isRegularFile(HomebrewUtils.LIB_VULKAN)) {
+                        Path kosmickrispIcd = HomebrewUtils.HOMEBREW_PREFIX.resolve("share/vulkan/icd.d/kosmickrisp_mesa_icd." + archName + ".json");
+                        if (Files.isRegularFile(kosmickrispIcd)) {
+                            driverToIcdFile.put(KOSMICKRISP, kosmickrispIcd);
+                            supported.add(KOSMICKRISP);
+                        }
+
+                        Path lvpIcd = HomebrewUtils.HOMEBREW_PREFIX.resolve("share/vulkan/icd.d/lvp_icd." + archName + ".json");
+                        if (Files.isRegularFile(lvpIcd)) {
+                            driverToIcdFile.put(LAVAPIPE, lvpIcd);
+                            supported.add(LAVAPIPE);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    List<Path> icdDirs = switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
+                        case LINUX -> List.of(
+                                Path.of("/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d"),
+                                Path.of("/etc/vulkan/icd.d")
+                        );
+                        case FREEBSD -> List.of(Path.of("/usr/local/share/vulkan/icd.d"));
+                        default -> List.of();
+                    };
+
+                    EnumSet<Vulkan> foundSupported = EnumSet.noneOf(Vulkan.class);
+                    for (Path icdDir : icdDirs) {
+                        if (!Files.isDirectory(icdDir))
+                            continue;
+                        try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.list(icdDir)) {
+                            for (Path icdFile : Lang.toIterable(stream)) {
+                                String fileName = icdFile.getFileName().toString();
+
+                                Matcher matcher = icdFileNamePattern.matcher(fileName);
+                                if (matcher.matches()) {
+                                    String icdName = matcher.group("name");
+
+                                    Vulkan driver = icdNameToDriver.get(icdName);
+                                    if (driver != null) {
+                                        driverToIcdFile.put(driver, icdFile);
+
+                                        if (driver.isSupported(Platform.CURRENT_PLATFORM, SystemInfo.getGraphicsCards())) {
+                                            foundSupported.add(driver);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            LOG.warning("Failed to read Vulkan ICD files in " + icdDir, e);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    supported.addAll(foundSupported);
+                }
+
+                SUPPORTED = List.copyOf(supported);
+                DRIVER_TO_ICD_FILE = Collections.unmodifiableMap(driverToIcdFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final String icdName;
+
+        Vulkan(String icdName) {
+            this.icdName = icdName;
+        }
+
+        private static boolean hasCard(@Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards, HardwareVendor vendor) {
+            return cards != null && cards.stream().anyMatch(card -> card.getVendor() == vendor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public GraphicsAPI api() {
+            return GraphicsAPI.VULKAN;
+        }
+
+        @Contract(pure = true)
+        public String icdName() {
+            return icdName;
+        }
+
+        /// Get the path to the ICD file for this driver.
+        ///
+        /// If the ICD file does not exist, return `null`.
+        @Contract(pure = true)
+        public @Nullable Path icdFile() {
+            return Holder.DRIVER_TO_ICD_FILE.get(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum OpenGL implements Driver {
+        /// @see <a href="https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/llvmpipe.html">LLVMpipe - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</a>
+        LLVMPIPE {
+            @Override
+            public String mesaDriverName() {
+                return "llvmpipe";
+            }
+        },
+        ZINK {
+            @Override
+            public String mesaDriverName() {
+                return "zink";
+            }
+        },
+        D3D12 {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+                return platform.os() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String mesaDriverName() {
+                return "d3d12";
+            }
+        };
+
+        static final List<Renderer> SUPPORTED =
+                Stream.concat(
+                        Stream.of(DEFAULT),
+                        Stream.of(OpenGL.values()).filter(it -> it.isSupported(
+                                Platform.CURRENT_PLATFORM,
+                                null // We don't need to pass graphics cards for OpenGL yet
+                        ))
+                ).toList();
+
+        @Override
+        public GraphicsAPI api() {
+            return GraphicsAPI.OPENGL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Unknown renderer.
+    record Unknown(String name) implements Renderer {
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this renderer is supported on the given platform and graphics cards.
+    ///
+    /// If `cards` is `null`, it means that the graphics cards are unknown.
+    default boolean isSupported(Platform platform, @Nullable List<GraphicsCard> cards) {
+        return true;
+    }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaInfo.java

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.tree.ArchiveFileTree;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Contract;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ public final class JavaInfo {
         return new JavaInfo(Platform.getPlatform(os, arch), javaVersion, vendor);
     }
 
-    public static JavaInfo fromReleaseFile(Path releaseFile) throws IOException {
-        try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(releaseFile)) {
-            return fromReleaseFile(reader);
-        }
-    }
-
     public static <F, E extends ArchiveEntry> JavaInfo fromArchive(ArchiveFileTree<F, E> tree) throws IOException {
         if (tree.getRoot().getSubDirs().size() != 1 || !tree.getRoot().getFiles().isEmpty())
             throw new IOException();
@@ -116,24 +110,40 @@ public final class JavaInfo {
         if (vendor == null)
             return null;
 
-        switch (vendor) {
-            case "N/A":
-                return null;
-            case "Oracle Corporation":
-                return "Oracle";
-            case "Azul Systems, Inc.":
-                return "Azul";
-            case "IBM Corporation":
-            case "International Business Machines Corporation":
-            case "Eclipse OpenJ9":
-                return "IBM";
-            case "Eclipse Adoptium":
-                return "Adoptium";
-            case "Amazon.com Inc.":
-                return "Amazon";
-            default:
-                return vendor;
+        return switch (vendor) {
+            case "N/A" -> null;
+            case "Oracle Corporation" -> "Oracle";
+            case "Azul Systems, Inc." -> "Azul";
+            case "IBM Corporation", "International Business Machines Corporation", "Eclipse OpenJ9" -> "IBM";
+            case "Eclipse Adoptium" -> "Adoptium";
+            case "Amazon.com Inc." -> "Amazon";
+            default -> vendor;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final Platform platform;
+        private final String version;
+        private @Nullable String vendor;
+
+        public Builder(Platform platform, String version) {
+            this.platform = platform;
+            this.version = version;
         }
+
+        @Contract("_ -> this")
+        public Builder setVendor(@Nullable String vendor) {
+            this.vendor = vendor;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public JavaInfo build() {
+            return new JavaInfo(platform, version, vendor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Builder newBuilder(@NotNull Platform platform, @NotNull String version) {
+        return new Builder(platform, version);
     }
 
     public static final JavaInfo CURRENT_ENVIRONMENT = new JavaInfo(Platform.CURRENT_PLATFORM, System.getProperty("java.version"), System.getProperty("java.vendor"));

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/java/JavaRepository.java

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public interface JavaRepository {
 
     Path getManifestFile(Platform platform, String name);
 
-    Collection<JavaRuntime> getAllJava(Platform platform);
+    Collection<Path> getAllJava(Platform platform);
 
     Task<JavaRuntime> getDownloadJavaTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion);
 

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/launch/DefaultLauncher.java

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.UUIDTypeAdapter;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Unzipper;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.macos.HomebrewUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.*;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
 
         // Executable
         if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(options.getWrapper()))
-            res.addAllWithoutParsing(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getWrapper(), getEnvVars()));
+            res.addAllWithoutParsing(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getWrapper(), getEnvVars(nativeFolder)));
 
         res.add(options.getJava().getBinary().toString());
 
@@ -264,6 +266,21 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             res.addDefault("-Dfml.ignorePatchDiscrepancies=", "true");
         }
 
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                && options.getRenderer() instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer
+                && renderer.mesaDriverName() != null) {
+            res.addDefault("-Dorg.glavo.mesa.loader.nativeDir=", FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(nativeFolder.resolve("mesa-loader")));
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS
+                && options.getJava().getArchitecture() == Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH
+                && options.getRenderer() instanceof Renderer.Vulkan vulkanDriver
+                && vulkanDriver.icdFile() != null) {
+            if (Files.isRegularFile(HomebrewUtils.LIB_VULKAN)) {
+                res.addDefault("-Dorg.lwjgl.vulkan.libname=", FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(HomebrewUtils.LIB_VULKAN));
+            }
+        }
+
         Set<String> classpath = repository.getClasspath(version);
 
         if (analyzer.has(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM)) {
@@ -296,7 +313,36 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
         }
         configuration.put("${natives_directory}", nativeFolderPath);
 
-        res.addAll(Arguments.parseArguments(version.getArguments().map(Arguments::getJvm).orElseGet(this::getDefaultJVMArguments), configuration));
+        Path javaNativeFolder = FileUtils.toAbsolute(nativeFolder);
+        @Nullable List<Argument> jvmArguments = version.getArguments().map(Arguments::getJvm).orElse(null);
+
+        if (jvmArguments != null) {
+            for (Argument jvmArgument : jvmArguments) {
+                if (jvmArgument instanceof StringArgument stringArgument
+                        && stringArgument.getArgument().startsWith("-Djava.library.path=")) {
+
+                    // We conservatively handle parameters like "-Djava.library.path=${natives_directory}/java"
+                    // to avoid extracting native libraries to unexpected locations.
+
+                    String prefix = "-Djava.library.path=${natives_directory}/";
+                    if (stringArgument.getArgument().startsWith(prefix)) {
+                        try {
+                            String subDir = stringArgument.getArgument().substring(prefix.length());
+                            Path actualNativeFolder = FileUtils.toAbsolute(javaNativeFolder.resolve(subDir));
+
+                            if (actualNativeFolder.startsWith(javaNativeFolder)) {
+                                javaNativeFolder = actualNativeFolder;
+                            }
+                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res.addAll(Arguments.parseArguments(Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(jvmArguments, this::getDefaultJVMArguments), configuration));
         Arguments argumentsFromAuthInfo = authInfo.getLaunchArguments(options);
         if (argumentsFromAuthInfo != null && argumentsFromAuthInfo.getJvm() != null && !argumentsFromAuthInfo.getJvm().isEmpty())
             res.addAll(Arguments.parseArguments(argumentsFromAuthInfo.getJvm(), configuration));
@@ -305,6 +351,10 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             res.add("-javaagent:" + javaAgent);
         }
 
+        if (version.getMainClass() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Main class is null for instance " + version.getId());
+        }
+
         res.add(version.getMainClass());
 
         res.addAll(Arguments.parseStringArguments(version.getMinecraftArguments().map(StringUtils::tokenize).orElseGet(ArrayList::new), configuration));
@@ -361,10 +411,16 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             }
         }
 
+        if (options.getGraphicsBackend() != GraphicsAPI.DEFAULT
+                && gameVersion.isPresent() && GameVersionNumber.compare(gameVersion.get(), "26.2-snapshot-2") >= 0) {
+            res.add("--graphicsBackend");
+            res.add(options.getGraphicsBackend().getMinecraftArg());
+        }
+
         res.addAllWithoutParsing(Arguments.parseStringArguments(options.getGameArguments(), configuration));
 
         res.removeIf(it -> getForbiddens().containsKey(it) && getForbiddens().get(it).get());
-        return new Command(res, tempNativeFolder, encoding);
+        return new Command(res, tempNativeFolder, javaNativeFolder, encoding);
     }
 
     public Map<String, Boolean> getFeatures() {
@@ -401,6 +457,8 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
     }
 
     public void decompressNatives(Path destination) throws NotDecompressingNativesException {
+        LOG.info("Decompress native libraries to " + destination);
+
         try {
             FileUtils.cleanDirectoryQuietly(destination);
             for (Library library : version.getLibraries())
@@ -519,7 +577,7 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
         }
 
         if (options.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER) {
-            decompressNatives(nativeFolder);
+            decompressNatives(command.javaNativeFolder);
         }
 
         if (isUsingLog4j())
@@ -528,8 +586,8 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
         Path runDirectory = repository.getRunDirectory(version.getId());
 
         if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(options.getPreLaunchCommand())) {
-            ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getPreLaunchCommand(), getEnvVars())).directory(runDirectory.toFile());
-            builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars());
+            ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getPreLaunchCommand(), getEnvVars(nativeFolder))).directory(runDirectory.toFile());
+            builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars(nativeFolder));
             SystemUtils.callExternalProcess(builder);
         }
 
@@ -542,7 +600,7 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             Path appdata = options.getGameDir().toAbsolutePath().getParent();
             if (appdata != null) builder.environment().put("APPDATA", appdata.toString());
 
-            builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars());
+            builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars(nativeFolder));
             process = builder.start();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new ProcessCreationException(e);
@@ -550,12 +608,13 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
 
         ManagedProcess p = new ManagedProcess(process, rawCommandLine);
         if (listener != null)
-            startMonitors(p, listener, command.encoding, daemon);
+            startMonitors(p, nativeFolder, listener, command.encoding, daemon);
         return p;
     }
 
-    private Map<String, String> getEnvVars() {
+    private Map<String, String> getEnvVars(Path nativeFolder) {
         String versionName = Optional.ofNullable(options.getVersionName()).orElse(version.getId());
+
         Map<String, String> env = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         env.put("INST_NAME", versionName);
         env.put("INST_ID", versionName);
@@ -563,18 +622,32 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
         env.put("INST_MC_DIR", FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(repository.getRunDirectory(version.getId())));
         env.put("INST_JAVA", options.getJava().getBinary().toString());
 
-        Renderer renderer = options.getRenderer();
-        if (renderer != Renderer.DEFAULT) {
+        if (options.getRenderer() instanceof Renderer.Driver driver) {
             if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                if (renderer != Renderer.LLVMPIPE)
-                    env.put("GALLIUM_DRIVER", renderer.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
-            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX) {
-                env.put("__GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME", "mesa");
-                switch (renderer) {
-                    case LLVMPIPE:
+                if (driver.mesaDriverName() != null) {
+                    if (driver instanceof Renderer.OpenGL && driver != Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE)
+                        env.put("GALLIUM_DRIVER", driver.mesaDriverName());
+                    else if (driver instanceof Renderer.Vulkan vulkanDriver) {
+                        String icdFile = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(nativeFolder.resolve("mesa-loader/" + vulkanDriver.icdName() + "_icd.json"));
+
+                        env.put("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", icdFile);
+                        env.put("VK_DRIVER_FILES", icdFile);
+                    }
+                } else if (driver instanceof Renderer.Vulkan vulkanDriver
+                        && vulkanDriver.icdFile() != null
+                        && options.getJava().getArchitecture() == Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH) {
+                    String icdFile = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(vulkanDriver.icdFile());
+
+                    env.put("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", icdFile);
+                    env.put("VK_DRIVER_FILES", icdFile);
+                }
+            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.isLinuxOrBSD()) {
+                if (driver instanceof Renderer.OpenGL oglDriver) {
+                    if (oglDriver == Renderer.OpenGL.LLVMPIPE) {
+                        env.put("__GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME", "mesa");
                         env.put("LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE", "1");
-                        break;
-                    case ZINK:
+                    } else if (oglDriver == Renderer.OpenGL.ZINK) {
+                        env.put("__GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME", "mesa");
                         env.put("MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE", "zink");
                         /*
                          * The amdgpu DDX is missing support for modifiers, causing Zink to fail.
@@ -583,7 +656,23 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
                          * Link: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/issues/10093
                          */
                         env.put("LIBGL_KOPPER_DRI2", "1");
-                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (driver instanceof Renderer.Vulkan vulkanDriver
+                        && options.getJava().getArchitecture() == Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH) {
+                    if (vulkanDriver.icdFile() != null) {
+                        String absolutePath = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(vulkanDriver.icdFile());
+                        env.put("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", absolutePath);
+                        env.put("VK_DRIVER_FILES", absolutePath);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS
+                    && options.getJava().getArchitecture() == Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH) {
+                if (driver instanceof Renderer.Vulkan vulkanDriver
+                        && vulkanDriver != Renderer.Vulkan.MOLTENVK
+                        && vulkanDriver.icdFile() != null) {
+                    String absolutePath = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(vulkanDriver.icdFile());
+                    env.put("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", absolutePath);
+                    env.put("VK_DRIVER_FILES", absolutePath);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -629,13 +718,6 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             nativeFolder = Path.of(options.getNativesDir());
         }
 
-        if (options.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER) {
-            decompressNatives(nativeFolder);
-        }
-
-        if (isUsingLog4j())
-            extractLog4jConfigurationFile();
-
         String scriptExtension = FileUtils.getExtension(scriptFile);
         boolean usePowerShell = "ps1".equals(scriptExtension);
 
@@ -648,7 +730,7 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
 
         final Command commandLine = generateCommandLine(nativeFolder);
         final String command = usePowerShell ? null : commandLine.commandLine.toString();
-        Map<String, String> envVars = getEnvVars();
+        Map<String, String> envVars = getEnvVars(nativeFolder);
 
         if (isWindows && !usePowerShell) {
             // https://stackoverflow.com/a/28452546
@@ -658,6 +740,12 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             }
         }
 
+        if (isUsingLog4j())
+            extractLog4jConfigurationFile();
+
+        if (options.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER)
+            decompressNatives(commandLine.javaNativeFolder);
+
         Files.createDirectories(scriptFile.getParent());
 
         try (OutputStream outputStream = Files.newOutputStream(scriptFile)) {
@@ -785,7 +873,7 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
             throw new ExecutionPolicyLimitException();
     }
 
-    private void startMonitors(ManagedProcess managedProcess, ProcessListener processListener, Charset encoding, boolean isDaemon) {
+    private void startMonitors(ManagedProcess managedProcess, Path nativeFolder, ProcessListener processListener, Charset encoding, boolean isDaemon) {
         processListener.setProcess(managedProcess);
         Thread stdout = Lang.thread(new StreamPump(managedProcess.getProcess().getInputStream(), it -> {
             processListener.onLog(it, false);
@@ -802,8 +890,8 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
 
             if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(options.getPostExitCommand())) {
                 try {
-                    ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getPostExitCommand(), getEnvVars())).directory(options.getGameDir().toFile());
-                    builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars());
+                    ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(StringUtils.tokenize(options.getPostExitCommand(), getEnvVars(nativeFolder))).directory(options.getGameDir().toFile());
+                    builder.environment().putAll(getEnvVars(nativeFolder));
                     SystemUtils.callExternalProcess(builder);
                 } catch (Throwable e) {
                     LOG.warning("An Exception happened while running exit command.", e);
@@ -812,15 +900,10 @@ public class DefaultLauncher extends Launcher {
         }), "exit-waiter", isDaemon));
     }
 
-    private static final class Command {
-        final CommandBuilder commandLine;
-        final Path tempNativeFolder;
-        final Charset encoding;
-
-        Command(CommandBuilder commandBuilder, Path tempNativeFolder, Charset encoding) {
-            this.commandLine = commandBuilder;
-            this.tempNativeFolder = tempNativeFolder;
-            this.encoding = encoding;
-        }
+    private record Command(
+            CommandBuilder commandLine,
+            @Nullable Path tempNativeFolder,
+            Path javaNativeFolder,
+            Charset encoding) {
     }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/curse/CurseAddon.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteModRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Immutable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ public class CurseAddon implements RemoteMod.IMod {
                         }
                         return RemoteMod.Dependency.ofGeneral(RELATION_TYPE.get(dependency.getRelationType()), CurseForgeRemoteModRepository.MODS, Integer.toString(dependency.getModId()));
                     }).distinct().filter(Objects::nonNull).collect(Collectors.toList()),
-                    gameVersions.stream().filter(ver -> ver.startsWith("1.") || ver.contains("w")).collect(Collectors.toList()),
+                    gameVersions.stream().filter(GameVersionNumber::isKnown).toList(),
                     gameVersions.stream().flatMap(version -> {
                         if ("fabric".equalsIgnoreCase(version)) return Stream.of(ModLoaderType.FABRIC);
                         else if ("forge".equalsIgnoreCase(version)) return Stream.of(ModLoaderType.FORGE);

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/modinfo/ForgeNewModMetadata.java

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public final class ForgeNewModMetadata {
         throw new IOException();
     }
 
-    private static ModLoaderType analyzeLoader(Toml toml, String modID, ModLoaderType loader) throws IOException {
+    private static ModLoaderType analyzeLoader(Toml toml, String modID, ModLoaderType loader) {
         List<HashMap<String, Object>> dependencies = null;
         try {
             dependencies = toml.getList("dependencies." + modID);
@@ -332,11 +332,11 @@ public final class ForgeNewModMetadata {
             }
         }
 
-        if (result == loader)
+        if (result != null) {
+            if (result != loader)
+                LOG.warning("Loader mismatch for mod " + modID + ", found " + result + ", expecting " + loader);
             return result;
-        else if (result != null)
-            throw new IOException("Loader mismatch");
-        else {
+        } else {
             LOG.warning("Cannot determine the mod loader for mod " + modID + ", expected " + loader);
             return loader;
         }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/platform/Architecture.java

@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ public enum Architecture {
         return this == X86 || this == X86_64;
     }
 
+    public boolean isArm() {
+        return this == ARM32 || this == ARM64;
+    }
+
     public static final Architecture CURRENT_ARCH;
     public static final Architecture SYSTEM_ARCH;
 

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/platform/hardware/GraphicsCard.java

@@ -18,18 +18,22 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.hardware;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
 
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
-/**
- * @author Glavo
- */
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
 public final class GraphicsCard {
 
-    public static String cleanName(String name) {
+    @UnknownNullability
+    public static String cleanName(@UnknownNullability String name) {
         if (name == null)
             return null;
 
@@ -58,13 +62,15 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
     private final @Nullable Type type;
     private final @Nullable String driver;
     private final @Nullable String driverVersion;
+    private final @Unmodifiable List<Path> vulkanDriverFiles;
 
-    private GraphicsCard(String name, @Nullable HardwareVendor vendor, @Nullable Type type, @Nullable String driver, @Nullable String driverVersion) {
+    private GraphicsCard(String name, @Nullable HardwareVendor vendor, @Nullable Type type, @Nullable String driver, @Nullable String driverVersion, List<Path> vulkanDriverFiles) {
         this.name = Objects.requireNonNull(name);
         this.vendor = vendor;
         this.type = type;
         this.driver = driver;
         this.driverVersion = driverVersion;
+        this.vulkanDriverFiles = vulkanDriverFiles;
     }
 
     public String getName() {
@@ -79,6 +85,10 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
         return driverVersion;
     }
 
+    public List<Path> getVulkanDriverFiles() {
+        return vulkanDriverFiles;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(name);
@@ -96,11 +106,12 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
     }
 
     public static final class Builder {
-        private String name;
-        private HardwareVendor vendor;
-        private Type type;
-        private String driver;
-        private String driverVersion;
+        private @Nullable String name;
+        private @Nullable HardwareVendor vendor;
+        private @Nullable Type type;
+        private @Nullable String driver;
+        private @Nullable String driverVersion;
+        private @Nullable List<Path> vulkanDriverFiles;
 
         public GraphicsCard build() {
             String name = this.name;
@@ -111,10 +122,12 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
                     name = "Unknown";
             }
 
-            return new GraphicsCard(name, vendor, type, driver, driverVersion);
+            List<Path> vulkanDriverFiles = Objects.requireNonNullElse(this.vulkanDriverFiles, List.of());
+
+            return new GraphicsCard(name, vendor, type, driver, driverVersion, List.copyOf(vulkanDriverFiles));
         }
 
-        public String getName() {
+        public @Nullable String getName() {
             return name;
         }
 
@@ -123,7 +136,7 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public HardwareVendor getVendor() {
+        public @Nullable HardwareVendor getVendor() {
             return vendor;
         }
 
@@ -132,7 +145,7 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public Type getType() {
+        public @Nullable Type getType() {
             return type;
         }
 
@@ -141,7 +154,7 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public String getDriver() {
+        public @Nullable String getDriver() {
             return driver;
         }
 
@@ -150,7 +163,7 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public String getDriverVersion() {
+        public @Nullable String getDriverVersion() {
             return driverVersion;
         }
 
@@ -158,5 +171,14 @@ public final class GraphicsCard {
             this.driverVersion = driverVersion;
             return this;
         }
+
+        public @Nullable List<Path> getVulkanDriverFiles() {
+            return vulkanDriverFiles;
+        }
+
+        public Builder setVulkanDriverFiles(@Nullable List<Path> files) {
+            this.vulkanDriverFiles = files;
+            return this;
+        }
     }
 }

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/platform/macos/HomebrewUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.macos;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class HomebrewUtils {
+
+    /// The path to Homebrew prefix.
+    ///
+    /// - For macOS x86_64, it is `/usr/local`;
+    /// - For macOS ARM64, it is `/opt/homebrew`;
+    /// - For other operating systems, it is undefined.
+    public static final Path HOMEBREW_PREFIX;
+
+    /// The path to `libvulkan.1.dylib`.
+    ///
+    /// For non-macOS operating systems, it is undefined.
+    public static final Path LIB_VULKAN;
+
+    static {
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+            // TODO: custom Homebrew prefix for macOS
+            HOMEBREW_PREFIX = Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.isX86()
+                    ? Path.of("/usr/local")
+                    : Path.of("/opt/homebrew");
+
+            LIB_VULKAN = HOMEBREW_PREFIX.resolve("lib/libvulkan.1.dylib");
+        } else {
+            // For other operating systems, we don't need Homebrew.
+            var placeholder = Path.of("");
+            HOMEBREW_PREFIX = placeholder;
+            LIB_VULKAN = placeholder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private HomebrewUtils() {
+    }
+}

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/platform/windows/WindowsGPUDetector.java

@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 
@@ -48,6 +51,25 @@ final class WindowsGPUDetector {
         }
     }
 
+    private static @Nullable List<Path> parseVulkanDriverFiles(Object vulkanDriverFiles) {
+        if (vulkanDriverFiles instanceof String file) {
+            try {
+                return List.of(Path.of(file));
+            } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to parse Vulkan ICD file path: " + file, e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        } else if (vulkanDriverFiles instanceof String[] files) {
+            try {
+                return Stream.of(files).map(Path::of).toList();
+            } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to parse Vulkan ICD file paths: " + Arrays.toString(files), e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        } else
+            return null;
+    }
+
     private static List<GraphicsCard> detectByCim() {
         try {
             String getCimInstance = OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION.getVersion().startsWith("6.1")
@@ -116,6 +138,7 @@ final class WindowsGPUDetector {
             String vendor = regValueToString(reg.queryValue(hkey, subkey, "ProviderName"));
             String driverVersion = regValueToString(reg.queryValue(hkey, subkey, "DriverVersion"));
             String dacType = regValueToString(reg.queryValue(hkey, subkey, "HardwareInformation.DacType"));
+            Object vulkanDriverName = reg.queryValue(hkey, subkey, "VulkanDriverName");
 
             GraphicsCard.Builder builder = GraphicsCard.builder();
             if (name != null)
@@ -126,6 +149,8 @@ final class WindowsGPUDetector {
                 builder.setDriverVersion(driverVersion);
             if (dacType != null)
                 builder.setType(fromDacType(dacType));
+            if (vulkanDriverName != null)
+                builder.setVulkanDriverFiles(parseVulkanDriverFiles(vulkanDriverName));
             result.add(builder.build());
         }
         return result;

HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/versioning/GameVersionNumber.java

@@ -95,6 +95,18 @@ public abstract sealed class GameVersionNumber implements Comparable<GameVersion
         return VersionRange.atMost(asGameVersion(maximum));
     }
 
+    /// Determines whether the given version string corresponds to a known Minecraft version.
+    ///
+    /// If the version string cannot be parsed as any known version type (release, snapshot, pre-release, etc.)
+    /// and is not a known April Fools snapshot, it is considered an unknown version.
+    ///
+    /// @param version the version string to check, e.g. `"1.21.4"`, `"25w14craftmine"`, etc.
+    /// @return {@code true} if the version string corresponds to a known Minecraft version, {@code false} otherwise
+    /// @see #asGameVersion(String)
+    public static boolean isKnown(String version) {
+        return !(asGameVersion(version) instanceof Special special && special.prev == null);
+    }
+
     final String value;
     final String normalized;
 
@@ -151,7 +163,7 @@ public abstract sealed class GameVersionNumber implements Comparable<GameVersion
     ///
     /// ```java
     /// GameVersionNumber.asVersion("...").isAtLeast("1.13", "17w43a");
-    ///```
+    /// ```
     ///
     /// @param strictReleaseVersion When `strictReleaseVersion` is `false`, `releaseVersion` is considered less than
     ///                             its corresponding pre/rc versions.

HMCLCore/src/main/resources/assets/game/versions.txt

@@ -914,4 +914,6 @@
 26.1
 26.1.1-rc-1
 26.1.1
+26.1.2-rc-1
+26.1.2
 26w14a