[release/3.16] Add version entries for 26.3 snapshots and release candidates (#6879 )

https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/6849 https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/6877
[release/3.16] 优化加载模组列表的性能 (#6878 )
2026-09-16 21:48:50 +08:00 · 2026-09-16 21:45:50 +08:00 · 2026-09-16 21:35:00 +08:00 · 2026-09-16 21:29:04 +08:00 · 2026-09-16 21:22:58 +08:00 · 2026-09-16 21:19:57 +08:00
740 changed files with 81954 additions and 25633 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+code_review:
+  pull_request_opened:
+    code_review: false
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Default: normalize all text files to LF in the repository and on checkout.
+# Git auto-detects binary files and leaves them untouched.
+* text=auto eol=lf
+
+# ─── Explicitly text – source & build ────────────────────────────────────────
+*.java        text eol=lf
+*.kt          text eol=lf
+*.kts         text eol=lf
+*.groovy      text eol=lf
+*.gradle      text eol=lf
+
+# ─── Configuration & data ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+*.properties  text eol=lf
+*.toml        text eol=lf
+*.xml         text eol=lf
+*.json        text eol=lf
+*.yaml        text eol=lf
+*.yml         text eol=lf
+*.csv         text eol=lf
+*.html        text eol=lf
+*.css         text eol=lf
+*.txt         text eol=lf
+*.md          text eol=lf
+*.svg         text eol=lf
+*.MF          text eol=lf
+
+# Gradle dependency-lock files
+*.lockfile    text eol=lf
+
+# ─── Scripts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Unix shell scripts must always use LF so they stay executable on Linux/macOS.
+*.sh          text eol=lf
+gradlew       text eol=lf
+
+# CI pipeline scripts
+Jenkinsfile   text eol=lf
+
+# Windows batch files must keep CRLF so cmd.exe can parse them.
+*.bat         text eol=crlf
+
+# ─── Binary files ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Raster / animated images
+*.png         binary
+*.apng        binary
+*.jpg         binary
+*.jpeg        binary
+*.webp        binary
+*.gif         binary
+*.ico         binary
+
+# Archives & compiled artifacts
+*.jar         binary
+*.zip         binary
+*.class       binary
+
+# Cryptographic / certificate files
+*.der         binary
+
+# Minecraft schematic
+*.litematic   binary
+
+# Compiled / intermediate build artefacts
+*.bin         binary
+*.probe       binary
+
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: QQ 群
+    url: https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html
+    about: Hello Minecraft! Launcher 的官方 QQ 交流群。
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ body:
      value: |
        提交前请确认：

-        * 该问题确实是 **HMCL 的错误**，而**不是 Minecraft 非正常退出**，如果你的 Minecraft 非正常退出，请前往 [QQ 群](https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html)/[Discord 服务器](https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U) 获取帮助。
-        * 你的启动器版本是**最新的预览版本**，可以点击 [此处](https://zkitefly.github.io/HMCL-Snapshot-Update/) 下载最新预览版本。
+        * 该问题确实是 **HMCL 的错误**，而**不是 Minecraft 非正常退出**。如果你的 Minecraft 非正常退出，请前往 [QQ 群](https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html)/[Discord 服务器](https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U) 获取帮助。
+        * 你的启动器版本是**最新的预览版本**。你可以从 [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/actions/workflows/gradle.yml?query=branch%3Amain+event%3Apush) 或 [nightly.link](https://nightly.link/HMCL-dev/HMCL/workflows/gradle/main) 下载最新预览版本。

        如果你的问题并不属于上述两类，你可以选取另一种 Issue 类型，或者直接前往 [QQ 群](https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html)/[Discord 服务器](https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U) 获取帮助。

        Before submitting, please confirm:

        * The issue is indeed **a bug of HMCL**, not **Minecraft abnormal exit**. If your Minecraft exits abnormally, please go to the [QQ group](https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html) or [Discord server](https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U) for help.
-        * Your launcher is the **latest nightly build**. You can click [here](https://zkitefly.github.io/HMCL-Snapshot-Update/en) to download the latest nightly build.
+        * Your launcher is the **latest nightly build**. You can download the latest nightly build from [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/actions/workflows/gradle.yml?query=branch%3Amain+event%3Apush) or [nightly.link](https://nightly.link/HMCL-dev/HMCL/workflows/gradle/main).

        If your issue does not fall into the above two categories, you can choose another type of issue or directly go to the [QQ group](https://docs.hmcl.net/groups.html) or [Discord server](https://discord.gg/jVvC7HfM6U) for help.
  - type: textarea
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ body:
    attributes:
      label: 启动器崩溃报告 / 启动器日志文件 | Launcher Crash Report / Launcher Log File
      description: |
-        如果你的启动器崩溃了，请将崩溃报告填入（或将文件拖入）下方。
+        如果你的启动器崩溃了，请将崩溃报告填入 (或将文件拖入) 下方。
        如果你的启动器没有崩溃，请在遇到问题后**不要退出启动器**，在启动器的 “设置 → 通用 → 调试” 一栏中点击 “导出启动器日志”，并将导出的日志拖到下方的输入栏中。
        **请注意：启动器崩溃报告或日志文件是诊断问题的重要依据，请务必上传！**
        
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Set up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
        with:
          distribution: 'zulu'
          java-version: '17'
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
    - name: Set up JDK 17
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
      with:
        distribution: 'zulu'
        java-version: '17'
@@ -27,28 +27,30 @@ jobs:
      run: ./gradlew build --no-daemon --parallel
      env:
        MICROSOFT_AUTH_ID: ${{ secrets.MICROSOFT_AUTH_ID }}
-        MICROSOFT_AUTH_SECRET: ${{ secrets.MICROSOFT_AUTH_SECRET }}
        CURSEFORGE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CURSEFORGE_API_KEY }}
    - name: Get short SHA
      run: echo "SHORT_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA::7}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
    - name: Upload JAR
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-jar
-        path: |
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.jar
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.jar.sha256
+        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.jar
+        archive: false
    - name: Upload EXE
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-exe
-        path: |
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.exe
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.exe.sha256
+        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.exe
+        archive: false
    - name: Upload SH
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-sh
-        path: |
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.sh
-          HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.sh.sha256
+        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.sh
+        archive: false
+    - name: Upload DEB
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with:
+        name: HMCL-${{ env.SHORT_SHA }}-deb
+        path: HMCL/build/libs/HMCL-*.deb
+        archive: false
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
  mirror:
    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        target:
+        include:
          - name: Gitee
            repo: gitee.com/huanghongxun/HMCL
            user: 'hmcl-sync'
@@ -21,12 +22,12 @@ jobs:
            repo: cnb.cool/HMCL-dev/HMCL
            user: 'cnb'
            token: 'CNB_SYNC_TOKEN'
-    name: Mirror to ${{ matrix.target.name }}
+    name: Mirror to ${{ matrix.name }}
    if: ${{ github.repository == 'HMCL-dev/HMCL' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - name: Mirror GitHub to ${{ matrix.target.name }}
+      - name: Mirror GitHub to ${{ matrix.name }}
        run: |
-          git clone --mirror "https://github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY.git" -- repo
+          git clone --mirror "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git" -- repo
          cd repo
-          git push -f --prune "https://${{ matrix.target.user }}:${{ secrets[matrix.target.token] }}@${{ matrix.target.repo }}.git" "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
+          git push -f --prune "https://${{ matrix.user }}:${{ secrets[matrix.token] }}@${{ matrix.repo }}.git" "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
@@ -46,16 +46,20 @@ jobs:
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256"
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256"
+          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
+          wget "$HMCL_CI_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URI/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256"
      - name: Verify artifacts
        if: ${{ env.continue == 'true' }}
        run: |
          export JAR_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          export EXE_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          export SH_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
+          export DEB_SHA256=$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256 | tr -d '\n')
          
          echo "$JAR_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar" | sha256sum -c
          echo "$EXE_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe" | sha256sum -c
          echo "$SH_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh" | sha256sum -c
+          echo "$DEB_SHA256  HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb" | sha256sum -c
      - name: Generate release note
        if: ${{ env.continue == 'true' }}
        run: |
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256)\` |" >> RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256)\` |" >> RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh)   | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256)\` |"  >> RELEASE_NOTE
+          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb]($GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256)\` |"  >> RELEASE_NOTE
          
          # CNB Release Note
          echo "[更新日志](https://docs.hmcl.net/changelog/${{ matrix.channel }}.html#HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION)" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
@@ -76,6 +81,8 @@ jobs:
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.exe.sha256)\` |" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.jar.sha256)\` |" >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh)   | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh.sha256)\` |"  >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
+          echo "| [HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb]($CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL/v$HMCL_VERSION/HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb) | \`$(cat HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb.sha256)\` |"  >> CNB_RELEASE_NOTE
+
        env:
          GH_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/releases/download
          CNB_DOWNLOAD_BASE_URL: https://cnb.cool/HMCL-dev/HMCL/-/releases/download
@@ -86,6 +93,7 @@ jobs:
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.exe" \
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.jar" \
            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.sh" \
+            "HMCL-${{ env.HMCL_VERSION }}.deb" \
            --target "${{ env.HMCL_COMMIT_SHA }}" \
            --title "${{ env.HMCL_TAG_NAME }}" \
            --notes-file RELEASE_NOTE \
@@ -120,6 +128,9 @@ jobs:

           echo "Uploading HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
           ~/go/bin/git-cnb release asset-upload --repo="$CNB_REPO" --tag-name "$HMCL_TAG_NAME" --file-name "HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.sh"
+          
+          echo "Uploading HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
+           ~/go/bin/git-cnb release asset-upload --repo="$CNB_REPO" --tag-name "$HMCL_TAG_NAME" --file-name "HMCL-$HMCL_VERSION.deb"
        env:
          CNB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CNB_SYNC_TOKEN }}
          CNB_REPO: HMCL-dev/HMCL
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ hs_err_pid*
 *.hprof

 .gradle
+gradle.properties

 *.lck
 *.1
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ hs_err_pid*
 NVIDIA
 minecraft-exported-crash-info*
 hmcl-exported-logs-*
+terracotta-log-*
+*.hmcl-theme
 /.java/
 /.local/
 /.cache/
@@ -42,6 +45,7 @@ language-subtag-registry
 # eclipse
 /bin/
 /HMCL/bin/
+/HMCLBoot/bin/
 /HMCLCore/bin/
 /minecraft/libraries/HMCLTransformerDiscoveryService/bin/
 /minecraft/libraries/HMCLMultiMCBootstrap/bin/
@@ -63,4 +67,10 @@ language-subtag-registry
 # test
 /hmcl.json
 /.hmcl.json
-/.hmcl/
+/.hmcl/
+
+# AI
+/.gemini/
+!/.gemini/config.yaml
+.codex
+/.gradle-*/
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="CopyrightManager">
+  <copyright>
+    <option name="notice" value="Hello Minecraft! Launcher&#10;Copyright (C) &amp;#36;today.year huangyuhui &lt;huanghongxun2008@126.com&gt; and contributors&#10;&#10;This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify&#10;it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by&#10;the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or&#10;(at your option) any later version.&#10;&#10;This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,&#10;but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of&#10;MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the&#10;GNU General Public License for more details.&#10;&#10;You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License&#10;along with this program.  If not, see &lt;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;." />
+    <option name="myName" value="HMCL" />
+  </copyright>
+</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<component name="CopyrightManager">
+  <settings default="HMCL">
+    <LanguageOptions name="JAVA">
+      <option name="fileTypeOverride" value="3" />
+      <option name="addBlankAfter" value="false" />
+    </LanguageOptions>
+  </settings>
+</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Java Code Style Requirements
+
+These rules apply to all Java code written or modified in this repository.
+
+## Nullability
+
+- Annotate every class with JetBrains Annotations `@NotNullByDefault`.
+- Any type, field, parameter, return value, local variable, or generic type argument that may be `null` must be explicitly annotated with `@Nullable`.
+- Nullability must never be implicit.
+
+## Immutability
+
+- Immutable arrays and collections must be explicitly annotated with JetBrains Annotations `@Unmodifiable` or `@UnmodifiableView` as appropriate.
+- For arrays, use type-use syntax such as `String @Unmodifiable []`.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- Every class, field, and method must have documentation.
+- Documentation must use `///` Markdown-style Javadoc comments.
+- Keep documentation accurate and specific to the actual behavior, constraints, and side effects.
+- Add concise implementation comments inside complex logic whenever they materially improve readability or explain non-obvious behavior.
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.TerracottaConfigUpgradeTask
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.ci.GitHubActionUtils
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.ci.JenkinsUtils
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CheckTranslations
@@ -5,6 +6,8 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLanguageList
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.CreateLocaleNamesResourceBundle
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.l10n.UpsideDownTranslate
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.mod.ParseModDataTask
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.CreateDeb
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.pack.ReleaseType
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.gradle.utils.PropertiesUtils
 import java.net.URI
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
@@ -27,7 +30,6 @@ val versionType = System.getenv("VERSION_TYPE") ?: if (isOfficial) "nightly" els
 val versionRoot = System.getenv("VERSION_ROOT") ?: projectConfig.getProperty("versionRoot") ?: "3"

 val microsoftAuthId = System.getenv("MICROSOFT_AUTH_ID") ?: ""
-val microsoftAuthSecret = System.getenv("MICROSOFT_AUTH_SECRET") ?: ""
 val curseForgeApiKey = System.getenv("CURSEFORGE_API_KEY") ?: ""

 val launcherExe = System.getenv("HMCL_LAUNCHER_EXE") ?: ""
@@ -56,15 +58,21 @@ dependencies {
    implementation(project(":HMCLCore"))
    implementation(project(":HMCLBoot"))
    implementation("libs:JFoenix")
-    implementation(libs.twelvemonkeys.imageio.webp)
+    implementation(libs.jwebp)
+    implementation(libs.fxsvgimage)
    implementation(libs.java.info)
    implementation(libs.monet.fx)
+    implementation(libs.nayuki.qrcodegen)
+    implementation(libs.uuid.tools)
+
+    testImplementation(libs.jimfs)

    if (launcherExe.isBlank()) {
        implementation(libs.hmclauncher)
    }

    embedResources(libs.authlib.injector)
+    embedResources(libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent)
 }

 fun digest(algorithm: String, bytes: ByteArray): ByteArray = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm).digest(bytes)
@@ -128,6 +136,7 @@ val addOpens = listOf(
    "javafx.base/javafx.beans.property",
    "javafx.graphics/javafx.css",
    "javafx.graphics/javafx.stage",
+    "javafx.graphics/javafx.scene",
    "javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui",
    "javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.stage",
    "javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.util",
@@ -151,9 +160,9 @@ val hmclProperties = buildList {
    }
    add("hmcl.version.type" to versionType)
    add("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id" to microsoftAuthId)
-    add("hmcl.microsoft.auth.secret" to microsoftAuthSecret)
    add("hmcl.curseforge.apikey" to curseForgeApiKey)
    add("hmcl.authlib-injector.version" to libs.authlib.injector.get().version!!)
+    add("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version" to libs.lwjgl.unsafe.agent.get().version!!)
 }

 val hmclPropertiesFile = layout.buildDirectory.file("hmcl.properties")
@@ -191,7 +200,7 @@ tasks.shadowJar {
    exclude("META-INF/services/javax.imageio.spi.ImageInputStreamSpi")

    listOf(
-        "aix-*", "sunos-*", "openbsd-*", "dragonflybsd-*", "freebsd-*", "linux-*", "darwin-*",
+        "aix-*", "sunos-*", "openbsd-*", "dragonflybsd-*", "freebsd-*", "linux-*",
        "*-ppc", "*-ppc64le", "*-s390x", "*-armel",
    ).forEach { exclude("com/sun/jna/$it/**") }

@@ -240,22 +249,29 @@ tasks.processResources {
        from(upsideDownTranslate.map { it.outputFile })
        from(createLocaleNamesResourceBundle.map { it.outputDirectory })
    }
+
+    inputs.property("terracotta_version", libs.versions.terracotta)
+    doLast {
+        upgradeTerracottaConfig.get().checkValid()
+    }
 }

+fun artifactFile(ext: String) = jarPath.resolveSibling(jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + ext)
+
 val makeExecutables by tasks.registering {
    val extensions = listOf("exe", "sh")

    dependsOn(tasks.jar)

    inputs.file(jarPath)
-    outputs.files(extensions.map { File(jarPath.parentFile, jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + it) })
+    outputs.files(extensions.map { artifactFile(it) })

    doLast {
        val jarContent = jarPath.readBytes()

        ZipFile(jarPath).use { zipFile ->
            for (extension in extensions) {
-                val output = File(jarPath.parentFile, jarPath.nameWithoutExtension + '.' + extension)
+                val output = artifactFile(extension)
                val entry = zipFile.getEntry("assets/HMCLauncher.$extension")
                    ?: throw GradleException("HMCLauncher.$extension not found")

@@ -270,8 +286,31 @@ val makeExecutables by tasks.registering {
    }
 }

+val makeDeb by tasks.registering(CreateDeb::class) {
+    dependsOn(makeExecutables)
+
+    val debFile = layout.file(provider { artifactFile("deb") })
+
+    val debChannel = when (versionType) {
+        "stable" -> ReleaseType.STABLE
+        "dev" -> ReleaseType.DEVELOPMENT
+        else -> ReleaseType.NIGHTLY
+    }
+
+    version.set(project.version.toString())
+    releaseType.set(debChannel)
+    appShFile.set(layout.file(provider { artifactFile("sh") }))
+    iconFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file("image/hmcl.png"))
+    outputFile.set(debFile)
+
+    doLast {
+        createChecksum(debFile.get().asFile)
+    }
+}
+
 tasks.build {
    dependsOn(makeExecutables)
+    dependsOn(makeDeb)
 }

 fun parseToolOptions(options: String?): MutableList<String> {
@@ -362,6 +401,28 @@ tasks.register<JavaExec>("run") {
    }
 }

+// terracotta
+
+val upgradeTerracottaConfig = tasks.register<TerracottaConfigUpgradeTask>("upgradeTerracottaConfig") {
+    val destination = layout.projectDirectory.file("src/main/resources/assets/terracotta.json")
+    val source = layout.projectDirectory.file("terracotta-template.json");
+
+    classifiers.set(
+        listOf(
+            "windows-x86_64", "windows-arm64",
+            "macos-x86_64", "macos-arm64",
+            "linux-x86_64", "linux-arm64", "linux-loongarch64", "linux-riscv64",
+            "freebsd-x86_64"
+        )
+    )
+
+    version.set(libs.versions.terracotta)
+    downloadURL.set($$"https://github.com/burningtnt/Terracotta/releases/download/v${version}/terracotta-${version}-${classifier}-pkg.tar.gz")
+
+    templateFile.set(source)
+    outputFile.set(destination)
+}
+
 // Check Translations

 tasks.register<CheckTranslations>("checkTranslations") {
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.converters.ButtonTypeConverter;
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXButtonSkin;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.CssMetaData;
+import javafx.css.SimpleStyleableObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.Styleable;
+import javafx.css.StyleableObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.StyleableProperty;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.Button;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.Labeled;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+
+public class JFXButton extends Button {
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-button";
+
+    private List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> STYLEABLES;
+
+    public JFXButton() {
+        this.initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXButton(String text) {
+        super(text);
+        this.initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXButton(String text, Node graphic) {
+        super(text, graphic);
+        this.initialize();
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXButtonSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<Paint> ripplerFill = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "ripplerFill", null);
+
+    public final ObjectProperty<Paint> ripplerFillProperty() {
+        return this.ripplerFill;
+    }
+
+    public final Paint getRipplerFill() {
+        return this.ripplerFillProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setRipplerFill(Paint ripplerFill) {
+        this.ripplerFillProperty().set(ripplerFill);
+    }
+
+    private final StyleableObjectProperty<ButtonType> buttonType = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
+            JFXButton.StyleableProperties.BUTTON_TYPE, this, "buttonType", JFXButton.ButtonType.FLAT);
+
+    public ButtonType getButtonType() {
+        return this.buttonType == null ? JFXButton.ButtonType.FLAT : this.buttonType.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<ButtonType> buttonTypeProperty() {
+        return this.buttonType;
+    }
+
+    public void setButtonType(ButtonType type) {
+        this.buttonType.set(type);
+    }
+
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        if (this.STYLEABLES == null) {
+            List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(Labeled.getClassCssMetaData());
+            this.STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+
+        return this.STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return JFXButton.StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    protected void layoutChildren() {
+        super.layoutChildren();
+        this.setNeedsLayout(false);
+    }
+
+    public enum ButtonType {
+        FLAT,
+        RAISED;
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXButton, ButtonType> BUTTON_TYPE;
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            BUTTON_TYPE = new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-button-type", ButtonTypeConverter.getInstance(), JFXButton.ButtonType.FLAT) {
+                public boolean isSettable(JFXButton control) {
+                    return control.buttonType == null || !control.buttonType.isBound();
+                }
+
+                public StyleableProperty<ButtonType> getStyleableProperty(JFXButton control) {
+                    return control.buttonTypeProperty();
+                }
+            };
+            List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, BUTTON_TYPE);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXCheckBoxSkin;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.CheckBox;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/// JFXCheckBox is the material design implementation of a checkbox.
+/// it shows ripple effect and a custom selection animation.
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXCheckBox extends CheckBox {
+
+    public JFXCheckBox(String text) {
+        super(text);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXCheckBox() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXCheckBoxSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-check-box'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-check-box";
+
+    /// checkbox color property when selected
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> checkedColor;
+
+    private static final Color DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR = Color.valueOf("#0F9D58");
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> checkedColorProperty() {
+        if (checkedColor == null) {
+            checkedColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.CHECKED_COLOR,
+                    JFXCheckBox.this,
+                    "checkedColor",
+                    DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR);
+        }
+        return this.checkedColor;
+    }
+
+    public Paint getCheckedColor() {
+        return checkedColor == null ? DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR : checkedColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setCheckedColor(Paint color) {
+        this.checkedColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * checkbox color property when not selected
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unCheckedColor;
+
+    private static final Color DEFAULT_UNCHECKED_COLOR = Color.valueOf("#5A5A5A");
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unCheckedColorProperty() {
+        if (unCheckedColor == null) {
+            unCheckedColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNCHECKED_COLOR,
+                    JFXCheckBox.this,
+                    "unCheckedColor",
+                    DEFAULT_UNCHECKED_COLOR);
+        }
+        return this.unCheckedColor;
+    }
+
+    public Paint getUnCheckedColor() {
+        return unCheckedColor == null ? DEFAULT_UNCHECKED_COLOR : unCheckedColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setUnCheckedColor(Paint color) {
+        this.unCheckedColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXCheckBox, Paint> CHECKED_COLOR =
+                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-checked-color",
+                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXCheckBox control) {
+                        return control.checkedColor == null || !control.checkedColor.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXCheckBox control) {
+                        return control.checkedColorProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXCheckBox, Paint> UNCHECKED_COLOR =
+                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-unchecked-color",
+                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_UNCHECKED_COLOR) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXCheckBox control) {
+                        return control.unCheckedColor == null || !control.unCheckedColor.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXCheckBox control) {
+                        return control.unCheckedColorProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables =
+                    new ArrayList<>(CheckBox.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables,
+                    CHECKED_COLOR,
+                    UNCHECKED_COLOR
+            );
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.converters.base.NodeConverter;
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXComboBoxListViewSkin;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
+import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.*;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
+import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import javafx.util.StringConverter;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.useJFXContextMenu;
+
+/**
+ * JFXComboBox is the material design implementation of a combobox.
+ *
+ * @author Shadi Shaheen
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 2016-03-09
+ */
+public class JFXComboBox<T> extends ComboBox<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXComboBox() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXComboBox(ObservableList<T> items) {
+        super(items);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+        this.setCellFactory(listView -> new JFXListCell<T>() {
+            @Override
+            public void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
+                super.updateItem(item, empty);
+                updateDisplayText(this, item, empty);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // had to refactor the code out of the skin class to allow
+        // customization of the button cell
+        this.setButtonCell(new ListCell<T>() {
+            {
+                // fixed clearing the combo box value is causing
+                // java prompt text to be shown because the button cell is not updated
+                JFXComboBox.this.valueProperty().addListener(observable -> {
+                    if (JFXComboBox.this.getValue() == null) {
+                        updateItem(null, true);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
+                updateDisplayText(this, item, empty);
+                this.setVisible(item != null || !empty);
+            }
+
+        });
+
+        useJFXContextMenu(editorProperty().get());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXComboBoxListViewSkin<T>(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-combo-box'.
+     * <p>
+     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+     * this control.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-combo-box";
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Node Converter Property                                                 *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+    /**
+     * Converts the user-typed input (when the ComboBox is
+     * {@link #editableProperty() editable}) to an object of type T, such that
+     * the input may be retrieved via the  {@link #valueProperty() value} property.
+     */
+    public ObjectProperty<NodeConverter<T>> nodeConverterProperty() {
+        return nodeConverter;
+    }
+
+    private ObjectProperty<NodeConverter<T>> nodeConverter = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "nodeConverter",
+            JFXComboBox.<T>defaultNodeConverter());
+
+    public final void setNodeConverter(NodeConverter<T> value) {
+        nodeConverterProperty().set(value);
+    }
+
+    public final NodeConverter<T> getNodeConverter() {
+        return nodeConverterProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    private static <T> NodeConverter<T> defaultNodeConverter() {
+        return new NodeConverter<T>() {
+            @Override
+            public Node toNode(T object) {
+                if (object == null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                StackPane selectedValueContainer = new StackPane();
+                selectedValueContainer.getStyleClass().add("combo-box-selected-value-container");
+                selectedValueContainer.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, null, null)));
+                Label selectedValueLabel = object instanceof Label ? new Label(((Label) object).getText()) : new Label(
+                        object.toString());
+                selectedValueLabel.setTextFill(Color.BLACK);
+                selectedValueContainer.getChildren().add(selectedValueLabel);
+                StackPane.setAlignment(selectedValueLabel, Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+                StackPane.setMargin(selectedValueLabel, new Insets(0, 0, 0, 5));
+                return selectedValueContainer;
+            }
+
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            @Override
+            public T fromNode(Node node) {
+                return (T) node;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString(T object) {
+                if (object == null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (object instanceof Label) {
+                    return ((Label) object).getText();
+                }
+                return object.toString();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private boolean updateDisplayText(ListCell<T> cell, T item, boolean empty) {
+        if (empty) {
+            // create empty cell
+            if (cell == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            cell.setGraphic(null);
+            cell.setText(null);
+            return true;
+        } else if (item instanceof Node) {
+            Node currentNode = cell.getGraphic();
+            Node newNode = (Node) item;
+            //  create a node from the selected node of the listview
+            //  using JFXComboBox {@link #nodeConverterProperty() NodeConverter})
+            NodeConverter<T> nc = this.getNodeConverter();
+            Node node = nc == null ? null : nc.toNode(item);
+            if (currentNode == null || !currentNode.equals(newNode)) {
+                cell.setText(null);
+                cell.setGraphic(node == null ? newNode : node);
+            }
+            return node == null;
+        } else {
+            // run item through StringConverter if it isn't null
+            StringConverter<T> c = this.getConverter();
+            String s = item == null ? this.getPromptText() : (c == null ? item.toString() : c.toString(item));
+            cell.setText(s);
+            cell.setGraphic(null);
+            return s == null || s.isEmpty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * styleable Properties                                                    *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * set true to show a float the prompt text when focusing the field
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloat = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.LABEL_FLOAT,
+            JFXComboBox.this,
+            "lableFloat",
+            false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloatProperty() {
+        return this.labelFloat;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isLabelFloat() {
+        return this.labelFloatProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setLabelFloat(final boolean labelFloat) {
+        this.labelFloatProperty().set(labelFloat);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is unfocused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNFOCUS_COLOR,
+            JFXComboBox.this,
+            "unFocusColor",
+            Color.rgb(77,
+                    77,
+                    77));
+
+    public Paint getUnFocusColor() {
+        return unFocusColor == null ? Color.rgb(77, 77, 77) : unFocusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColorProperty() {
+        return this.unFocusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setUnFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.unFocusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is focused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.FOCUS_COLOR,
+            JFXComboBox.this,
+            "focusColor",
+            Color.valueOf("#4059A9"));
+
+    public Paint getFocusColor() {
+        return focusColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#4059A9") : focusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColorProperty() {
+        return this.focusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.focusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    private final static class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Paint> UNFOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Paint>(
+                "-jfx-unfocus-color",
+                PaintConverter.getInstance(),
+                Color.valueOf("#A6A6A6")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.unFocusColor == null || !control.unFocusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.unFocusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Paint> FOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Paint>(
+                "-jfx-focus-color",
+                PaintConverter.getInstance(),
+                Color.valueOf("#3f51b5")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.focusColor == null || !control.focusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.focusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Boolean> LABEL_FLOAT = new CssMetaData<JFXComboBox<?>, Boolean>(
+                "-jfx-label-float",
+                BooleanConverter.getInstance(),
+                false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.labelFloat == null || !control.labelFloat.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXComboBox<?> control) {
+                return control.labelFloatProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(
+                    Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, UNFOCUS_COLOR, FOCUS_COLOR, LABEL_FLOAT);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // inherit the styleable properties from parent
+    private List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> STYLEABLES;
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        if (STYLEABLES == null) {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(
+                    Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+        return STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+}
+
@@ -23,21 +23,13 @@ import com.jfoenix.controls.events.JFXDialogEvent;
 import com.jfoenix.converters.DialogTransitionConverter;
 import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
 import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
-import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
-import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
-import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
-import javafx.animation.Timeline;
-import javafx.animation.Transition;
+import javafx.animation.*;
 import javafx.beans.DefaultProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.BooleanProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectPropertyBase;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleBooleanProperty;
-import javafx.css.CssMetaData;
-import javafx.css.SimpleStyleableObjectProperty;
-import javafx.css.Styleable;
-import javafx.css.StyleableObjectProperty;
-import javafx.css.StyleableProperty;
+import javafx.css.*;
 import javafx.event.Event;
 import javafx.event.EventHandler;
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
@@ -49,7 +41,6 @@ import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
 import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
 import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
-import javafx.scene.layout.CornerRadii;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
 import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
@@ -155,7 +146,6 @@ public class JFXDialog extends StackPane {
        });

        contentHolder = new StackPane();
-        contentHolder.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.WHITE, new CornerRadii(2), null)));
        JFXDepthManager.setDepth(contentHolder, 4);
        contentHolder.setPickOnBounds(false);
        // ensure stackpane is never resized beyond it's preferred size
@@ -381,6 +371,14 @@ public class JFXDialog extends StackPane {
            setCycleDuration(Duration.seconds(0.4));
            setDelay(Duration.ZERO);
        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void starting() {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void stopping() {
+        }
    }

    /***************************************************************************
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.geometry.Orientation;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
+
+public class JFXDialogLayout extends StackPane {
+    private final StackPane heading = new StackPane();
+    private final StackPane body = new StackPane();
+    private final FlowPane actions = new FlowPane() {
+        protected double computeMinWidth(double height) {
+            if (this.getContentBias() == Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
+                double maxPref = 0.0;
+                for (Node child : this.getChildren()) {
+                    if (child.isManaged()) {
+                        maxPref = Math.max(maxPref, child.minWidth(-1.0));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Insets insets = this.getInsets();
+                return insets.getLeft() + this.snapSizeX(maxPref) + insets.getRight();
+            } else {
+                return this.computePrefWidth(height);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected double computeMinHeight(double width) {
+            if (this.getContentBias() == Orientation.VERTICAL) {
+                double maxPref = 0.0;
+
+                for (Node child : this.getChildren()) {
+                    if (child.isManaged()) {
+                        maxPref = Math.max(maxPref, child.minHeight(-1.0));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Insets insets = this.getInsets();
+                return insets.getTop() + this.snapSizeY(maxPref) + insets.getBottom();
+            } else {
+                return this.computePrefHeight(width);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-dialog-layout";
+
+    public JFXDialogLayout() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+
+        VBox layout = new VBox();
+
+        this.heading.getStyleClass().add("jfx-layout-heading");
+        this.heading.getStyleClass().add("title");
+
+        this.body.getStyleClass().add("jfx-layout-body");
+        this.body.prefHeightProperty().bind(this.prefHeightProperty());
+        this.body.prefWidthProperty().bind(this.prefWidthProperty());
+
+        this.actions.getStyleClass().add("jfx-layout-actions");
+
+        layout.getChildren().setAll(this.heading, this.body, this.actions);
+
+        this.getChildren().add(layout);
+    }
+
+    public ObservableList<Node> getHeading() {
+        return this.heading.getChildren();
+    }
+
+    public void setHeading(Node... titleContent) {
+        this.heading.getChildren().setAll(titleContent);
+    }
+
+    public ObservableList<Node> getBody() {
+        return this.body.getChildren();
+    }
+
+    public void setBody(Node... body) {
+        this.body.getChildren().setAll(body);
+    }
+
+    public ObservableList<Node> getActions() {
+        return this.actions.getChildren();
+    }
+
+    public void setActions(Node... actions) {
+        this.actions.getChildren().setAll(actions);
+    }
+
+    public void setActions(List<? extends Node> actions) {
+        this.actions.getChildren().setAll(actions);
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.utils.JFXNodeUtils;
+import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.Label;
+import javafx.scene.control.ListCell;
+import javafx.scene.control.Tooltip;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Shape;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/// material design implementation of ListCell
+///
+/// By default, JFXListCell will try to create a graphic node for the cell,
+/// to override it you need to set graphic to null in [#updateItem(Object, boolean)] method.
+///
+/// NOTE: passive nodes (Labels and Shapes) will be set to mouse transparent in order to
+/// show the ripple effect upon clicking , to change this behavior you can override the
+/// method {[#makeChildrenTransparent()]
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXListCell<T> extends ListCell<T> {
+
+    protected JFXRippler cellRippler = new JFXRippler(this) {
+        @Override
+        protected Node getMask() {
+            Region clip = new Region();
+            JFXNodeUtils.updateBackground(JFXListCell.this.getBackground(), clip);
+            double width = control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth();
+            double height = control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight();
+            clip.resize(width, height);
+            return clip;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void positionControl(Node control) {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+    };
+
+    protected Node cellContent;
+    private Rectangle clip;
+
+    private Timeline gapAnimation;
+    private boolean playExpandAnimation = false;
+    private boolean selectionChanged = false;
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXListCell() {
+        initialize();
+        initListeners();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * init listeners to update the vertical gap / selection animation
+     */
+    private void initListeners() {
+        listViewProperty().addListener((listObj, oldList, newList) -> {
+            if (newList instanceof JFXListView<?> listView) {
+                listView.currentVerticalGapProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+                    cellRippler.rippler.setClip(null);
+                    if (newVal.doubleValue() != 0) {
+                        playExpandAnimation = true;
+                        getListView().requestLayout();
+                    } else {
+                        // fake expand state
+                        double gap = clip.getY() * 2;
+                        gapAnimation = new Timeline(
+                                new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(240),
+                                        new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(),
+                                                -gap / 2 - (gap * (getIndex())),
+                                                Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)
+                                ));
+                        gapAnimation.play();
+                        gapAnimation.setOnFinished((finish) -> {
+                            requestLayout();
+                            Platform.runLater(() -> getListView().requestLayout());
+                        });
+                    }
+                });
+
+                selectedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+                    if (newVal) {
+                        selectionChanged = true;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren() {
+        super.layoutChildren();
+        cellRippler.resizeRelocate(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
+        double gap = getGap();
+
+        if (clip == null) {
+            clip = new Rectangle(0, gap / 2, getWidth(), getHeight() - gap);
+            setClip(clip);
+        } else {
+            if (gap != 0) {
+                if (playExpandAnimation || selectionChanged) {
+                    // fake list collapse state
+                    if (playExpandAnimation) {
+                        this.setTranslateY(-gap / 2 + (-gap * (getIndex())));
+                        clip.setY(gap / 2);
+                        clip.setHeight(getHeight() - gap);
+                        gapAnimation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(240),
+                                new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(),
+                                        0,
+                                        Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)));
+                        playExpandAnimation = false;
+                    } else if (selectionChanged) {
+                        clip.setY(0);
+                        clip.setHeight(getHeight());
+                        gapAnimation = new Timeline(
+                                new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(240),
+                                        new KeyValue(clip.yProperty(), gap / 2, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                                        new KeyValue(clip.heightProperty(), getHeight() - gap, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)
+                                ));
+                    }
+                    playExpandAnimation = false;
+                    selectionChanged = false;
+                    gapAnimation.play();
+                } else {
+                    if (gapAnimation != null) {
+                        gapAnimation.stop();
+                    }
+                    this.setTranslateY(0);
+                    clip.setY(gap / 2);
+                    clip.setHeight(getHeight() - gap);
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.setTranslateY(0);
+                clip.setY(0);
+                clip.setHeight(getHeight());
+            }
+            clip.setX(0);
+            clip.setWidth(getWidth());
+        }
+        if (!getChildren().contains(cellRippler)) {
+            makeChildrenTransparent();
+            getChildren().add(0, cellRippler);
+            cellRippler.rippler.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * this method is used to set some nodes in cell content as mouse transparent nodes
+     * so clicking on them will trigger the ripple effect.
+     */
+    protected void makeChildrenTransparent() {
+        for (Node child : getChildren()) {
+            if (child instanceof Label) {
+                Set<Node> texts = child.lookupAll("Text");
+                for (Node text : texts) {
+                    text.setMouseTransparent(true);
+                }
+            } else if (child instanceof Shape) {
+                child.setMouseTransparent(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
+        super.updateItem(item, empty);
+        if (empty) {
+            setText(null);
+            setGraphic(null);
+            // remove empty (Trailing cells)
+            setMouseTransparent(true);
+            setStyle("-fx-background-color:TRANSPARENT;");
+        } else {
+            setMouseTransparent(false);
+            setStyle(null);
+            if (item instanceof Node newNode) {
+                setText(null);
+                Node currentNode = getGraphic();
+                if (currentNode == null || !currentNode.equals(newNode)) {
+                    cellContent = newNode;
+                    cellRippler.rippler.cacheRippleClip(false);
+                    // build the Cell node
+                    // RIPPLER ITEM : in case if the list item has its own rippler bind the list rippler and item rippler properties
+                    if (newNode instanceof JFXRippler newRippler) {
+                        // build cell container from exisiting rippler
+                        cellRippler.ripplerFillProperty().bind(newRippler.ripplerFillProperty());
+                        cellRippler.maskTypeProperty().bind(newRippler.maskTypeProperty());
+                        cellRippler.positionProperty().bind(newRippler.positionProperty());
+                        cellContent = newRippler.getControl();
+                    }
+                    ((Region) cellContent).setMaxHeight(cellContent.prefHeight(-1));
+                    setGraphic(cellContent);
+                }
+            } else {
+                setText(item == null ? "null" : item.toString());
+                setGraphic(null);
+            }
+            // show cell tooltip if it's toggled in JFXListView
+            if (getListView() instanceof JFXListView<?> listView && listView.isShowTooltip()) {
+                if (item instanceof Label label) {
+                    setTooltip(new Tooltip(label.getText()));
+                } else if (getText() != null) {
+                    setTooltip(new Tooltip(getText()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-list-cell'.
+     * <p>
+     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+     * this control.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-list-cell";
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+        this.setPadding(new Insets(8, 12, 8, 12));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefHeight(double width) {
+        double gap = getGap();
+        return super.computePrefHeight(width) + gap;
+    }
+
+    private double getGap() {
+        return (getListView() instanceof JFXListView<?> listView)
+                ? (listView.isExpanded() ? listView.currentVerticalGapProperty().get() : 0)
+                : 0;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXListViewSkin;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
+import javafx.css.converter.SizeConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/// Material design implementation of List View
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXListView<T> extends ListView<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXListView() {
+        this.setCellFactory(listView -> new JFXListCell<>());
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXListViewSkin<>(this);
+    }
+
+    private IntegerProperty depth;
+
+    public IntegerProperty depthProperty() {
+        if (depth == null) {
+            depth = new SimpleIntegerProperty(this, "depth", 0);
+        }
+        return depth;
+    }
+
+    public int getDepth() {
+        return depth != null ? depth.get() : 0;
+    }
+
+    public void setDepth(int depth) {
+        depthProperty().set(depth);
+    }
+
+    private DoubleProperty currentVerticalGap;
+
+    DoubleProperty currentVerticalGapProperty() {
+        if (currentVerticalGap == null) {
+            currentVerticalGap = new SimpleDoubleProperty(this, "currentVerticalGap");
+        }
+        return currentVerticalGap;
+    }
+
+    private void updateVerticalGap() {
+        if (isExpanded()) {
+            currentVerticalGapProperty().set(verticalGap.get());
+        } else {
+            currentVerticalGapProperty().set(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * this only works if the items were labels / strings
+     */
+    private BooleanProperty showTooltip;
+
+    public final BooleanProperty showTooltipProperty() {
+        if (showTooltip == null) {
+            showTooltip = new SimpleBooleanProperty(this, "showTooltip", false);
+        }
+        return this.showTooltip;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isShowTooltip() {
+        return showTooltip != null && showTooltip.get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setShowTooltip(final boolean showTooltip) {
+        this.showTooltipProperty().set(showTooltip);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-list-view'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-list-view";
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * propagate mouse events to the parent node ( e.g. to allow dragging while clicking on the list)
+     */
+    public void propagateMouseEventsToParent() {
+        this.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.ANY, e -> {
+            e.consume();
+            this.getParent().fireEvent(e);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private StyleableDoubleProperty verticalGap;
+
+    public StyleableDoubleProperty verticalGapProperty() {
+        if (this.verticalGap == null) {
+            this.verticalGap = new StyleableDoubleProperty(0.0) {
+                @Override
+                public Object getBean() {
+                    return JFXListView.this;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public String getName() {
+                    return "verticalGap";
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, Number> getCssMetaData() {
+                    return StyleableProperties.VERTICAL_GAP;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                protected void invalidated() {
+                    updateVerticalGap();
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        return this.verticalGap;
+    }
+
+    public Double getVerticalGap() {
+        return verticalGap == null ? 0.0 : verticalGap.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setVerticalGap(Double gap) {
+        verticalGapProperty().set(gap);
+    }
+
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty expanded;
+
+    public StyleableBooleanProperty expandedProperty() {
+        if (expanded == null) {
+            expanded = new StyleableBooleanProperty(false) {
+                @Override
+                public Object getBean() {
+                    return JFXListView.this;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public String getName() {
+                    return "expanded";
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, Boolean> getCssMetaData() {
+                    return StyleableProperties.EXPANDED;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                protected void invalidated() {
+                    updateVerticalGap();
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        return this.expanded;
+    }
+
+    public Boolean isExpanded() {
+        return expanded != null && expanded.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setExpanded(Boolean expanded) {
+        expandedProperty().set(expanded);
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXListView<?>, Number> VERTICAL_GAP =
+                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-vertical-gap",
+                        SizeConverter.getInstance(), 0) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXListView<?> control) {
+                        return control.verticalGap == null || !control.verticalGap.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableDoubleProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXListView<?> control) {
+                        return control.verticalGapProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXListView<?>, Boolean> EXPANDED =
+                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-expanded",
+                        BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXListView<?> control) {
+                        // it's only settable if the List is not shown yet
+                        return control.getHeight() == 0 && (control.expanded == null || !control.expanded.isBound());
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXListView<?> control) {
+                        return control.expandedProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables =
+                    new ArrayList<>(ListView.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, VERTICAL_GAP, EXPANDED);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXPasswordFieldSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.validation.base.ValidatorBase;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectWrapper;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
+import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.PasswordField;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.useJFXContextMenu;
+
+/**
+ * JFXPasswordField is the material design implementation of a password Field.
+ *
+ * @author Shadi Shaheen
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 2016-03-09
+ */
+public class JFXPasswordField extends PasswordField {
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXPasswordField() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXPasswordFieldSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+        useJFXContextMenu(this);
+    }
+
+    /// Prevents the legacy JFoenix skin from continuously requesting another layout pass.
+    // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/5822
+    // TODO: This method may no longer be needed after we update JFXTextFieldSkin
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren() {
+        super.layoutChildren();
+        this.setNeedsLayout(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-password-field'.
+     * <p>
+     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+     * this control.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-password-field";
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Properties                                                              *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * holds the current active validator on the password field in case of validation error
+     */
+    private ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<ValidatorBase> activeValidator = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>();
+
+    public ValidatorBase getActiveValidator() {
+        return activeValidator == null ? null : activeValidator.get();
+    }
+
+    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<ValidatorBase> activeValidatorProperty() {
+        return this.activeValidator.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * list of validators that will validate the password value upon calling
+     * {{@link #validate()}
+     */
+    private ObservableList<ValidatorBase> validators = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    public ObservableList<ValidatorBase> getValidators() {
+        return validators;
+    }
+
+    public void setValidators(ValidatorBase... validators) {
+        this.validators.addAll(validators);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * validates the password value using the list of validators provided by the user
+     * {{@link #setValidators(ValidatorBase...)}
+     *
+     * @return true if the value is valid else false
+     */
+    public boolean validate() {
+        for (ValidatorBase validator : validators) {
+            if (validator.getSrcControl() == null) {
+                validator.setSrcControl(this);
+            }
+            validator.validate();
+            if (validator.getHasErrors()) {
+                activeValidator.set(validator);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void resetValidation() {
+        pseudoClassStateChanged(ValidatorBase.PSEUDO_CLASS_ERROR, false);
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * styleable Properties                                                    *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * set true to show a float the prompt text when focusing the field
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloat = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.LABEL_FLOAT, JFXPasswordField.this, "lableFloat", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloatProperty() {
+        return this.labelFloat;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isLabelFloat() {
+        return this.labelFloatProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setLabelFloat(final boolean labelFloat) {
+        this.labelFloatProperty().set(labelFloat);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is unfocused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNFOCUS_COLOR, JFXPasswordField.this, "unFocusColor", Color.rgb(77, 77, 77));
+
+    public Paint getUnFocusColor() {
+        return unFocusColor == null ? Color.rgb(77, 77, 77) : unFocusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColorProperty() {
+        return this.unFocusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setUnFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.unFocusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is focused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.FOCUS_COLOR, JFXPasswordField.this, "focusColor", Color.valueOf("#4059A9"));
+
+    public Paint getFocusColor() {
+        return focusColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#4059A9") : focusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColorProperty() {
+        return this.focusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.focusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * disable animation on validation
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimation = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.DISABLE_ANIMATION, JFXPasswordField.this, "disableAnimation", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimationProperty() {
+        return this.disableAnimation;
+    }
+
+    public final Boolean isDisableAnimation() {
+        return disableAnimation != null && this.disableAnimationProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setDisableAnimation(final Boolean disabled) {
+        this.disableAnimationProperty().set(disabled);
+    }
+
+    private final static class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Paint> UNFOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Paint>("-jfx-unfocus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#A6A6A6")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.unFocusColor == null || !control.unFocusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.unFocusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Paint> FOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Paint>("-jfx-focus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#3f51b5")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.focusColor == null || !control.focusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.focusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Boolean> LABEL_FLOAT = new CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Boolean>("-jfx-label-float", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.labelFloat == null || !control.labelFloat.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.labelFloatProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Boolean> DISABLE_ANIMATION = new CssMetaData<JFXPasswordField, Boolean>("-fx-disable-animation", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.disableAnimation == null || !control.disableAnimation.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXPasswordField control) {
+                return control.disableAnimationProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, UNFOCUS_COLOR, FOCUS_COLOR, LABEL_FLOAT, DISABLE_ANIMATION);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // inherit the styleable properties from parent
+    private List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> STYLEABLES;
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        if (STYLEABLES == null) {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(TextField.getClassCssMetaData());
+            STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+        return STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXPopupSkin;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.DefaultProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.geometry.NodeOrientation;
+import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.Scene;
+import javafx.scene.control.PopupControl;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
+import javafx.stage.Window;
+
+/// JFXPopup is the material design implementation of a popup.
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 2.0
+/// @since 2017-03-01
+@DefaultProperty(value = "popupContent")
+public class JFXPopup extends PopupControl {
+
+    public enum PopupHPosition {
+        RIGHT,
+        LEFT;
+
+        public PopupHPosition getOpposite() {
+            return (this == RIGHT) ? LEFT : RIGHT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum PopupVPosition {
+        TOP, BOTTOM
+    }
+
+    /// Creates empty popup.
+    public JFXPopup() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    /// creates popup with a specified container and content
+    ///
+    /// @param content the node that will be shown in the popup
+    public JFXPopup(Region content) {
+        setPopupContent(content);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.setAutoFix(false);
+        this.setAutoHide(true);
+        this.setHideOnEscape(true);
+        this.setConsumeAutoHidingEvents(false);
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXPopupSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Setters / Getters                                                       *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<Region> popupContent = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(new Pane());
+
+    public final ObjectProperty<Region> popupContentProperty() {
+        return this.popupContent;
+    }
+
+    public final Region getPopupContent() {
+        return this.popupContentProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setPopupContent(final Region popupContent) {
+        this.popupContentProperty().set(popupContent);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Public API                                                              *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// show the popup using the default position
+    public void show(Node node) {
+        this.show(node, PopupVPosition.TOP, PopupHPosition.LEFT, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    /// show the popup according to the specified position
+    ///
+    /// @param vAlign can be TOP/BOTTOM
+    /// @param hAlign can be LEFT/RIGHT
+    public void show(Node node, PopupVPosition vAlign, PopupHPosition hAlign) {
+        this.show(node, vAlign, hAlign, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    /// show the popup according to the specified position with a certain offset
+    ///
+    /// @param vAlign      can be TOP/BOTTOM
+    /// @param hAlign      can be LEFT/RIGHT
+    /// @param initOffsetX on the x-axis
+    /// @param initOffsetY on the y-axis
+    public void show(Node node, PopupVPosition vAlign, PopupHPosition hAlign, double initOffsetX, double initOffsetY) {
+        show(node, vAlign, hAlign, initOffsetX, initOffsetY, false);
+    }
+
+    public void show(Node node, PopupVPosition vAlign, PopupHPosition hAlign, double initOffsetX, double initOffsetY, boolean attachToNode) {
+        if (!isShowing()) {
+            Scene scene = node.getScene();
+            if (scene == null || scene.getWindow() == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Can not show popup. The node must be attached to a scene/window.");
+            }
+            Window parent = scene.getWindow();
+            final Point2D origin = node.localToScene(0, 0);
+
+            boolean isRTL = node.getEffectiveNodeOrientation() == NodeOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT;
+
+            double anchorX = parent.getX() + scene.getX() + origin.getX() + (hAlign == PopupHPosition.RIGHT ? ((Region) node).getWidth() : 0);
+            double anchorY = parent.getY() + origin.getY() + scene.getY() + (vAlign == PopupVPosition.BOTTOM ? ((Region) node).getHeight() : 0);
+
+            if (attachToNode)
+                this.show(node, anchorX, anchorY);
+            else
+                this.show(parent, anchorX, anchorY);
+
+            ((JFXPopupSkin) getSkin()).reset(vAlign, isRTL ? hAlign.getOpposite() : hAlign, isRTL ? -initOffsetX : initOffsetX, initOffsetY);
+            Platform.runLater(() -> ((JFXPopupSkin) getSkin()).animate());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void show(Window window, double x, double y, PopupVPosition vAlign, PopupHPosition hAlign, double initOffsetX, double initOffsetY) {
+        if (!isShowing()) {
+            if (window == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Can not show popup. The node must be attached to a scene/window.");
+            }
+            Window parent = window;
+            final double anchorX = parent.getX() + x + initOffsetX;
+            final double anchorY = parent.getY() + y + initOffsetY;
+            this.show(parent, anchorX, anchorY);
+            ((JFXPopupSkin) getSkin()).reset(vAlign, hAlign, initOffsetX, initOffsetY);
+            Platform.runLater(() -> ((JFXPopupSkin) getSkin()).animate());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void hide() {
+        super.hide();
+        ((JFXPopupSkin) getSkin()).init();
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-popup'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-popup";
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXProgressBarSkin;
+import javafx.scene.control.ProgressBar;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+
+/// JFXProgressBar is the material design implementation of a progress bar.
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXProgressBar extends ProgressBar {
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-progress-bar'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-progress-bar";
+
+    public JFXProgressBar() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXProgressBar(double progress) {
+        super(progress);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXProgressBarSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private boolean smoothProgress = true;
+
+    public boolean isSmoothProgress() {
+        return smoothProgress;
+    }
+
+    public void setSmoothProgress(boolean smoothProgress) {
+        this.smoothProgress = smoothProgress;
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        setPrefWidth(200);
+        getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXRadioButtonSkin;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.ColorConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/// JFXRadioButton is the material design implementation of a radio button.
+///
+/// @author Bashir Elias & Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXRadioButton extends RadioButton {
+
+    public JFXRadioButton(String text) {
+        super(text);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXRadioButton() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXRadioButtonSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-radio-button'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-radio-button";
+
+    /// default color used when the radio button is selected
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Color> selectedColor;
+
+    private static final Color DEFAULT_SELECTED_COLOR = Color.valueOf("#0F9D58");
+
+    public final StyleableObjectProperty<Color> selectedColorProperty() {
+        if (selectedColor == null) {
+            selectedColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.SELECTED_COLOR,
+                    JFXRadioButton.this,
+                    "selectedColor",
+                    DEFAULT_SELECTED_COLOR);
+        }
+        return this.selectedColor;
+    }
+
+    public final Color getSelectedColor() {
+        return selectedColor == null ? DEFAULT_SELECTED_COLOR : this.selectedColorProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setSelectedColor(final Color selectedColor) {
+        this.selectedColorProperty().set(selectedColor);
+    }
+
+    /// default color used when the radio button is not selected
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Color> unSelectedColor;
+
+    private static final Color DEFAULT_UNSELECTED_COLOR = Color.valueOf("#5A5A5A");
+
+    public final StyleableObjectProperty<Color> unSelectedColorProperty() {
+        if (unSelectedColor == null) {
+            unSelectedColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
+                    StyleableProperties.UNSELECTED_COLOR,
+                    JFXRadioButton.this,
+                    "unSelectedColor",
+                    DEFAULT_UNSELECTED_COLOR);
+        }
+        return this.unSelectedColor;
+    }
+
+    public final Color getUnSelectedColor() {
+        return unSelectedColor == null ? DEFAULT_UNSELECTED_COLOR : this.unSelectedColorProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setUnSelectedColor(final Color unSelectedColor) {
+        this.unSelectedColorProperty().set(unSelectedColor);
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXRadioButton, Color> SELECTED_COLOR =
+                new CssMetaData<JFXRadioButton, Color>("-jfx-selected-color",
+                        ColorConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_SELECTED_COLOR) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXRadioButton control) {
+                        return control.selectedColor == null || !control.selectedColor.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableProperty<Color> getStyleableProperty(JFXRadioButton control) {
+                        return control.selectedColorProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXRadioButton, Color> UNSELECTED_COLOR =
+                new CssMetaData<JFXRadioButton, Color>("-jfx-unselected-color",
+                        ColorConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_UNSELECTED_COLOR) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXRadioButton control) {
+                        return control.unSelectedColor == null || !control.unSelectedColor.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableProperty<Color> getStyleableProperty(JFXRadioButton control) {
+                        return control.unSelectedColorProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables =
+                    new ArrayList<>(RadioButton.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables,
+                    SELECTED_COLOR,
+                    UNSELECTED_COLOR
+            );
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+}
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import javafx.geometry.Bounds;
 import javafx.scene.CacheHint;
 import javafx.scene.Group;
 import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseButton;
 import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
@@ -77,14 +78,13 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
    protected Node control;

    protected static final double RIPPLE_MAX_RADIUS = 300;
-
-    private boolean enabled = true;
-    private boolean forceOverlay = false;
-    private final Interpolator rippleInterpolator = Interpolator.SPLINE(0.0825,
+    private static final Interpolator RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR = Interpolator.SPLINE(0.0825,
            0.3025,
            0.0875,
            0.9975); //0.1, 0.54, 0.28, 0.95);

+    private boolean forceOverlay = false;
+
    /// creates empty rippler node
    public JFXRippler() {
        this(null, RipplerMask.RECT, RipplerPos.FRONT);
@@ -176,10 +176,6 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
        return control;
    }

-    public void setEnabled(boolean enable) {
-        this.enabled = enable;
-    }
-
    // methods that can be changed by extending the rippler class

    /// generate the clipping mask
@@ -235,10 +231,11 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
     *
     * @return the ripple radius size
     */
-    protected double computeRippleRadius() {
-        double width2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() * control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth();
-        double height2 = control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() * control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight();
-        return Math.min(Math.sqrt(width2 + height2), RIPPLE_MAX_RADIUS) * 1.1 + 5;
+    protected double computeRippleRadius(double centerX, double centerY) {
+        double dx = Math.max(centerX, control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() - centerX);
+        double dy = Math.max(centerY, control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight() - centerY);
+
+        return (Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) / 0.9) + 2;
    }

    protected void setOverLayBounds(Rectangle overlay) {
@@ -255,10 +252,15 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
        if (getChildren().contains(control)) {
            control.boundsInParentProperty().addListener(observable -> resetRippler());
        }
-        control.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED,
-                (event) -> createRipple(event.getX(), event.getY()));
+        control.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED, event -> {
+            if (event.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY)
+                createRipple(event.getX(), event.getY());
+        });
        // create fade out transition for the ripple
-        control.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, e -> releaseRipple());
+        control.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, event -> {
+            if (event.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY)
+                releaseRipple();
+        });
    }

    /**
@@ -363,25 +365,23 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
        }

        void createRipple() {
-            if (enabled) {
-                if (!generating.getAndSet(true)) {
-                    // create overlay once then change its color later
-                    createOverlay();
-                    if (this.getClip() == null || (getChildren().size() == 1 && !cacheRipplerClip) || resetClip) {
-                        this.setClip(getMask());
-                    }
-                    this.resetClip = false;
-
-                    // create the ripple effect
-                    final Ripple ripple = new Ripple(generatorCenterX, generatorCenterY);
-                    getChildren().add(ripple);
-                    ripplesQueue.add(ripple);
-
-                    // animate the ripple
-                    overlayRect.outAnimation.stop();
-                    overlayRect.inAnimation.play();
-                    ripple.inAnimation.play();
+            if (!generating.getAndSet(true)) {
+                // create overlay once then change its color later
+                createOverlay();
+                if (this.getClip() == null || (getChildren().size() == 1 && !cacheRipplerClip) || resetClip) {
+                    this.setClip(getMask());
                }
+                this.resetClip = false;
+
+                // create the ripple effect
+                final Ripple ripple = new Ripple(generatorCenterX, generatorCenterY);
+                getChildren().add(ripple);
+                ripplesQueue.add(ripple);
+
+                // animate the ripple
+                overlayRect.outAnimation.stop();
+                overlayRect.inAnimation.play();
+                ripple.inAnimation.play();
            }
        }

@@ -415,15 +415,15 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                overlayRect.setClip(getMask());
                getChildren().add(0, overlayRect);
                overlayRect.fillProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
-                    if (ripplerFill.get() instanceof Color) {
-                        return new Color(((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getRed(),
-                                ((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getGreen(),
-                                ((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getBlue(),
+                    if (getRipplerFill() instanceof Color fill) {
+                        return new Color(fill.getRed(),
+                                fill.getGreen(),
+                                fill.getBlue(),
                                0.2);
                    } else {
                        return Color.TRANSPARENT;
                    }
-                }, ripplerFill));
+                }, ripplerFillProperty()));
            }
        }

@@ -473,8 +473,8 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
            private Ripple(double centerX, double centerY) {
                super(centerX,
                        centerY,
-                        ripplerRadius.get().doubleValue() == Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE ?
-                                computeRippleRadius() : ripplerRadius.get().doubleValue(), null);
+                        getRipplerRadius() == Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE ?
+                                computeRippleRadius(centerX, centerY) : getRipplerRadius(), null);
                setCache(true);
                setCacheHint(CacheHint.SPEED);
                setCacheShape(true);
@@ -484,12 +484,12 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                KeyValue[] inKeyValues = new KeyValue[isRipplerRecenter() ? 4 : 2];
                outKeyValues = new KeyValue[isRipplerRecenter() ? 5 : 3];

-                inKeyValues[0] = new KeyValue(scaleXProperty(), 0.9, rippleInterpolator);
-                inKeyValues[1] = new KeyValue(scaleYProperty(), 0.9, rippleInterpolator);
+                inKeyValues[0] = new KeyValue(scaleXProperty(), 0.9, RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);
+                inKeyValues[1] = new KeyValue(scaleYProperty(), 0.9, RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);

-                outKeyValues[0] = new KeyValue(this.scaleXProperty(), 1, rippleInterpolator);
-                outKeyValues[1] = new KeyValue(this.scaleYProperty(), 1, rippleInterpolator);
-                outKeyValues[2] = new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 0, rippleInterpolator);
+                outKeyValues[0] = new KeyValue(this.scaleXProperty(), 1, RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);
+                outKeyValues[1] = new KeyValue(this.scaleYProperty(), 1, RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);
+                outKeyValues[2] = new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 0, RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);

                if (isRipplerRecenter()) {
                    double dx = (control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth() / 2 - centerX) / 1.55;
@@ -497,42 +497,42 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                    inKeyValues[2] = outKeyValues[3] = new KeyValue(translateXProperty(),
                            Math.signum(dx) * Math.min(Math.abs(dx),
                                    this.getRadius() / 2),
-                            rippleInterpolator);
+                            RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);
                    inKeyValues[3] = outKeyValues[4] = new KeyValue(translateYProperty(),
                            Math.signum(dy) * Math.min(Math.abs(dy),
                                    this.getRadius() / 2),
-                            rippleInterpolator);
+                            RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR);
                }
                inAnimation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
                        new KeyValue(scaleXProperty(),
                                0,
-                                rippleInterpolator),
+                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR),
                        new KeyValue(scaleYProperty(),
                                0,
-                                rippleInterpolator),
+                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR),
                        new KeyValue(translateXProperty(),
                                0,
-                                rippleInterpolator),
+                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR),
                        new KeyValue(translateYProperty(),
                                0,
-                                rippleInterpolator),
+                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR),
                        new KeyValue(opacityProperty(),
                                1,
-                                rippleInterpolator)
-                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(900), inKeyValues));
+                                RIPPLE_INTERPOLATOR)
+                ), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(600), inKeyValues));

                setScaleX(0);
                setScaleY(0);
-                if (ripplerFill.get() instanceof Color) {
-                    Color circleColor = new Color(((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getRed(),
-                            ((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getGreen(),
-                            ((Color) ripplerFill.get()).getBlue(),
+                if (getRipplerFill() instanceof Color fill) {
+                    Color circleColor = new Color(fill.getRed(),
+                            fill.getGreen(),
+                            fill.getBlue(),
                            0.3);
                    setStroke(circleColor);
                    setFill(circleColor);
                } else {
-                    setStroke(ripplerFill.get());
-                    setFill(ripplerFill.get());
+                    setStroke(getRipplerFill());
+                    setFill(getRipplerFill());
                }
            }
        }
@@ -585,110 +585,125 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
     * the ripple recenter property, by default it's false.
     * if true the ripple effect will show gravitational pull to the center of its control
     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Boolean> ripplerRecenter = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
-            StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_RECENTER,
-            JFXRippler.this,
-            "ripplerRecenter",
-            false);
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty ripplerRecenter;

-    public Boolean isRipplerRecenter() {
+    public boolean isRipplerRecenter() {
        return ripplerRecenter != null && ripplerRecenter.get();
    }

-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Boolean> ripplerRecenterProperty() {
+    public StyleableBooleanProperty ripplerRecenterProperty() {
+        if (this.ripplerRecenter == null) {
+            this.ripplerRecenter = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(
+                    StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_RECENTER,
+                    JFXRippler.this,
+                    "ripplerRecenter",
+                    false);
+        }
        return this.ripplerRecenter;
    }

-    public void setRipplerRecenter(Boolean radius) {
-        this.ripplerRecenter.set(radius);
+    public void setRipplerRecenter(boolean recenter) {
+        ripplerRecenterProperty().set(recenter);
    }

    /**
     * the ripple radius size, by default it will be automatically computed.
     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Number> ripplerRadius = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
-            StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_RADIUS,
-            JFXRippler.this,
-            "ripplerRadius",
-            Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE);
+    private StyleableDoubleProperty ripplerRadius;

-    public Number getRipplerRadius() {
+    public double getRipplerRadius() {
        return ripplerRadius == null ? Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE : ripplerRadius.get();
    }

-    public StyleableObjectProperty<Number> ripplerRadiusProperty() {
+    public StyleableDoubleProperty ripplerRadiusProperty() {
+        if (this.ripplerRadius == null) {
+            this.ripplerRadius = new SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty(
+                    StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_RADIUS,
+                    JFXRippler.this,
+                    "ripplerRadius",
+                    Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE);
+        }
        return this.ripplerRadius;
    }

-    public void setRipplerRadius(Number radius) {
-        this.ripplerRadius.set(radius);
+    public void setRipplerRadius(double radius) {
+        ripplerRadiusProperty().set(radius);
    }

+    private static final Color DEFAULT_RIPPLER_FILL = Color.rgb(0, 200, 255);
+
    /**
     * the default color of the ripple effect
     */
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> ripplerFill = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_FILL,
-            JFXRippler.this,
-            "ripplerFill",
-            Color.rgb(0,
-                    200,
-                    255));
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> ripplerFill;

    public Paint getRipplerFill() {
-        return ripplerFill == null ? Color.rgb(0, 200, 255) : ripplerFill.get();
+        return ripplerFill == null ? DEFAULT_RIPPLER_FILL : ripplerFill.get();
    }

    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> ripplerFillProperty() {
+        if (this.ripplerFill == null) {
+            this.ripplerFill = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_FILL,
+                    JFXRippler.this,
+                    "ripplerFill",
+                    DEFAULT_RIPPLER_FILL);
+        }
        return this.ripplerFill;
    }

    public void setRipplerFill(Paint color) {
-        this.ripplerFill.set(color);
+        ripplerFillProperty().set(color);
    }

    /// mask property used for clipping the rippler.
    /// can be either CIRCLE/RECT
-    private final StyleableObjectProperty<RipplerMask> maskType = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
-            StyleableProperties.MASK_TYPE,
-            JFXRippler.this,
-            "maskType",
-            RipplerMask.RECT);
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<RipplerMask> maskType;

    public RipplerMask getMaskType() {
        return maskType == null ? RipplerMask.RECT : maskType.get();
    }

    public StyleableObjectProperty<RipplerMask> maskTypeProperty() {
+        if (this.maskType == null) {
+            this.maskType = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
+                    StyleableProperties.MASK_TYPE,
+                    JFXRippler.this,
+                    "maskType",
+                    RipplerMask.RECT);
+        }
        return this.maskType;
    }

    public void setMaskType(RipplerMask type) {
-        this.maskType.set(type);
+        if (this.maskType != null || type != RipplerMask.RECT)
+            maskTypeProperty().set(type);
    }

    /**
     * the ripple disable, by default it's false.
     * if true the ripple effect will be hidden
     */
-    private final StyleableBooleanProperty ripplerDisabled = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(
-            StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_DISABLED,
-            JFXRippler.this,
-            "ripplerDisabled",
-            false);
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty ripplerDisabled;

-    public Boolean isRipplerDisabled() {
+    public boolean isRipplerDisabled() {
        return ripplerDisabled != null && ripplerDisabled.get();
    }

    public StyleableBooleanProperty ripplerDisabledProperty() {
+        if (this.ripplerDisabled == null) {
+            this.ripplerDisabled = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(
+                    StyleableProperties.RIPPLER_DISABLED,
+                    JFXRippler.this,
+                    "ripplerDisabled",
+                    false);
+        }
        return this.ripplerDisabled;
    }

-    public void setRipplerDisabled(Boolean disabled) {
-        this.ripplerDisabled.set(disabled);
+    public void setRipplerDisabled(boolean disabled) {
+        ripplerDisabledProperty().set(disabled);
    }

-
    /**
     * indicates whether the ripple effect is infront of or behind the node
     */
@@ -735,7 +750,7 @@ public class JFXRippler extends StackPane {
                };
        private static final CssMetaData<JFXRippler, Paint> RIPPLER_FILL =
                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-rippler-fill",
-                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.rgb(0, 200, 255)) {
+                        PaintConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_RIPPLER_FILL) {
                    @Override
                    public boolean isSettable(JFXRippler control) {
                        return control.ripplerFill == null || !control.ripplerFill.isBound();
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.converters.IndicatorPositionConverter;
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXSliderSkin;
+import javafx.beans.binding.StringBinding;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.control.Slider;
+import javafx.util.Callback;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/// JFXSlider is the material design implementation of a slider.
+///
+/// @author Bashir Elias & Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXSlider extends Slider {
+
+    public JFXSlider() {
+        super(0, 100, 50);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    public JFXSlider(double min, double max, double value) {
+        super(min, max, value);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXSliderSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    public enum IndicatorPosition {
+        LEFT, RIGHT
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Properties                                                              *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// String binding factory for the slider value.
+    /// Sets a custom string for the value text (by default, it shows the value rounded to the nearest whole number).
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// For example, to have the value displayed as a percentage (assuming the slider has a range of (0, 100)):
+    /// ```java
+    /// JFXSlider mySlider = ...
+    /// mySlider.setValueFactory(slider ->
+    ///        Bindings.createStringBinding(
+    ///            () -> ((int) slider.getValue()) + "%",
+    ///            slider.valueProperty()
+    ///        )
+    /// );
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: might be replaced later with a call back to create the animated thumb node
+    ///
+    /// @param callback a callback to create the string value binding
+    private ObjectProperty<Callback<JFXSlider, StringBinding>> valueFactory;
+
+    public final ObjectProperty<Callback<JFXSlider, StringBinding>> valueFactoryProperty() {
+        if (valueFactory == null) {
+            valueFactory = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "valueFactory");
+        }
+        return valueFactory;
+    }
+
+    /// @return the current slider value factory
+    public final Callback<JFXSlider, StringBinding> getValueFactory() {
+        return valueFactory == null ? null : valueFactory.get();
+    }
+
+    /// sets custom string binding for the slider text value
+    ///
+    /// @param valueFactory a callback to create the string value binding
+    public final void setValueFactory(final Callback<JFXSlider, StringBinding> valueFactory) {
+        this.valueFactoryProperty().set(valueFactory);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-slider'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-slider";
+
+    /// indicates the position of the slider indicator, can be
+    /// either LEFT or RIGHT
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<IndicatorPosition> indicatorPosition;
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<IndicatorPosition> indicatorPositionProperty() {
+        if (indicatorPosition == null) {
+            indicatorPosition = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(
+                    StyleableProperties.INDICATOR_POSITION,
+                    JFXSlider.this,
+                    "indicatorPosition",
+                    IndicatorPosition.LEFT);
+        }
+        return this.indicatorPosition;
+    }
+
+    public IndicatorPosition getIndicatorPosition() {
+        return indicatorPosition == null ? IndicatorPosition.LEFT : indicatorPosition.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setIndicatorPosition(IndicatorPosition pos) {
+        indicatorPositionProperty().set(pos);
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXSlider, IndicatorPosition> INDICATOR_POSITION = new CssMetaData<>(
+                "-jfx-indicator-position",
+                IndicatorPositionConverter.getInstance(),
+                IndicatorPosition.LEFT) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXSlider control) {
+                return control.indicatorPosition == null || !control.indicatorPosition.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<IndicatorPosition> getStyleableProperty(JFXSlider control) {
+                return control.indicatorPositionProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(
+                    Slider.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, INDICATOR_POSITION);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.PauseTransition;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
+import javafx.beans.value.WeakChangeListener;
+import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
+import javafx.event.Event;
+import javafx.event.EventType;
+import javafx.geometry.Bounds;
+import javafx.scene.Group;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.Motion;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+/// "Snackbars provide brief messages about app processes at the bottom of the screen"
+/// (<a href="https://material.io/design/components/snackbars.html#">Material Design Guidelines</a>).
+///
+/// To show a snackbar you need to
+/// <ol>
+///   - Have a [Pane] (snackbarContainer) to show the snackbar on top of. Register it in
+///     [the JFXSnackbar constructor][#JFXSnackbar(Pane)] or using the [#registerSnackbarContainer(Pane)] method.
+///   - Have or create a [JFXSnackbar].  - Having one snackbar where you pass all your
+///     [SnackbarEvents][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] will ensure that the [enqueuemethod][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)] works as intended.
+///
+///   - Have something to show in the snackbar. A [JFXSnackbarLayout] is nice and pretty,
+///     but any arbitrary [Node] will do.
+///   - Create a [SnackbarEvent][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] specifying the contents and the
+///     duration.
+/// </ol>
+///
+/// Finally, with all those things prepared, show your snackbar using
+/// [snackbar.enqueue(snackbarEvent);][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)].
+///
+/// It's most convenient to create functions to do most of this (creating the layout and event) with the default
+/// settings; that way all you need to do to show a snackbar is specify the message or just the message and the duration.
+///
+/// @see <a href="https://material.io/design/components/snackbars.html#"> The Material Design Snackbar</a>
+public class JFXSnackbar extends Group {
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-snackbar";
+
+    private Pane snackbarContainer;
+    private final ChangeListener<? super Number> sizeListener = (o, oldVal, newVal) -> refreshPopup();
+    private final WeakChangeListener<? super Number> weakSizeListener = new WeakChangeListener<>(sizeListener);
+
+    private final AtomicBoolean processingQueue = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<SnackbarEvent> eventQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap.KeySetView<Object, Boolean> eventsSet = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+
+    private final Pane content;
+    private PseudoClass activePseudoClass = null;
+    private PauseTransition pauseTransition;
+
+    /// This constructor assumes that you will eventually call the [#registerSnackbarContainer(Pane)] method before
+    /// calling the [#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)] method. Otherwise, how will the snackbar know where to show itself?
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// "Snackbars provide brief messages about app processes at the bottom of the screen"
+    /// (<a href="https://material.io/design/components/snackbars.html#">Material Design Guidelines</a>).
+    ///
+    /// To show a snackbar you need to
+    ///
+    /// - Have a [Pane] (snackbarContainer) to show the snackbar on top of. Register it in
+    ///   [the JFXSnackbar constructor][#JFXSnackbar(Pane)] or using the [#registerSnackbarContainer(Pane)] method.
+    /// - Have or create a [JFXSnackbar].  - Having one snackbar where you pass all your
+    ///   [SnackbarEvents][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] will ensure that the [enqueuemethod][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)] works as intended.
+    /// - Have something to show in the snackbar. A [JFXSnackbarLayout] is nice and pretty,
+    ///   but any arbitrary [Node] will do.
+    /// - Create a [SnackbarEvent][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] specifying the contents and the
+    ///   duration.
+    ///
+    /// Finally, with all those things prepared, show your snackbar using
+    /// [snackbar.enqueue(snackbarEvent);][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)].
+    ///
+    public JFXSnackbar() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    /// "Snackbars provide brief messages about app processes at the bottom of the screen"
+    /// (<a href="https://material.io/design/components/snackbars.html#">Material Design Guidelines</a>).
+    ///
+    /// To show a snackbar you need to
+    ///
+    /// - Have a [Pane] (snackbarContainer) to show the snackbar on top of. Register it in
+    ///   [the JFXSnackbar constructor][#JFXSnackbar(Pane)] or using the [#registerSnackbarContainer(Pane)] method.
+    /// - Have or create a [JFXSnackbar].  - Having one snackbar where you pass all your
+    ///   [SnackbarEvents][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] will ensure that the [enqueuemethod][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)] works as intended.
+    /// - Have something to show in the snackbar. A [JFXSnackbarLayout] is nice and pretty,
+    ///   but any arbitrary [Node] will do.
+    /// - Create a [SnackbarEvent][JFXSnackbar.SnackbarEvent] specifying the contents and the
+    ///   duration.
+    ///
+    /// Finally, with all those things prepared, show your snackbar using
+    /// [snackbar.enqueue(snackbarEvent);][JFXSnackbar#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)].
+    ///
+    /// @param snackbarContainer where the snackbar will appear. Using a single snackbar instead of many, will ensure that
+    ///                                                                                                                              the [#enqueue(SnackbarEvent)] method works correctly.
+    public JFXSnackbar(Pane snackbarContainer) {
+        initialize();
+        content = new StackPane();
+        content.getStyleClass().add("jfx-snackbar-content");
+        //wrap the content in a group so that the content is managed inside its own container
+        //but the group is not managed in the snackbarContainer so it does not affect any layout calculations
+        getChildren().add(content);
+        setManaged(false);
+        setVisible(false);
+
+        // register the container before resizing it
+        registerSnackbarContainer(snackbarContainer);
+
+        // resize the popup if its layout has been changed
+        layoutBoundsProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> refreshPopup());
+
+        addEventHandler(SnackbarEvent.SNACKBAR, this::enqueue);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    // Setters / Getters
+
+    public Pane getPopupContainer() {
+        return snackbarContainer;
+    }
+
+    public void setPrefWidth(double width) {
+        content.setPrefWidth(width);
+    }
+
+    public double getPrefWidth() {
+        return content.getPrefWidth();
+    }
+
+    // Public API
+
+    public void registerSnackbarContainer(Pane snackbarContainer) {
+        if (snackbarContainer != null) {
+            if (this.snackbarContainer != null) {
+                //since listeners are added the container should be properly registered/unregistered
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Snackbar Container already set");
+            }
+            this.snackbarContainer = snackbarContainer;
+            this.snackbarContainer.getChildren().add(this);
+            this.snackbarContainer.heightProperty().addListener(weakSizeListener);
+            this.snackbarContainer.widthProperty().addListener(weakSizeListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unregisterSnackbarContainer(Pane snackbarContainer) {
+        if (snackbarContainer != null) {
+            if (this.snackbarContainer == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Snackbar Container not set");
+            }
+            this.snackbarContainer.getChildren().remove(this);
+            this.snackbarContainer.heightProperty().removeListener(weakSizeListener);
+            this.snackbarContainer.widthProperty().removeListener(weakSizeListener);
+            this.snackbarContainer = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void show(SnackbarEvent event) {
+        content.getChildren().setAll(event.getContent());
+        openAnimation = getTimeline(event.getTimeout());
+        if (event.getPseudoClass() != null) {
+            activePseudoClass = event.getPseudoClass();
+            content.pseudoClassStateChanged(activePseudoClass, true);
+        }
+        openAnimation.play();
+    }
+
+    private Timeline openAnimation = null;
+
+    private Timeline getTimeline(Duration timeout) {
+        Timeline animation;
+        animation = new Timeline(
+                new KeyFrame(
+                        Duration.ZERO,
+                        e -> {
+                            this.toBack();
+                            this.setVisible(false);
+                        },
+                        new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(), this.getLayoutBounds().getHeight(), Motion.EASE),
+                        new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 0, Motion.EASE)
+                ),
+                new KeyFrame(
+                        Duration.millis(10),
+                        e -> {
+                            this.toFront();
+                            this.setVisible(true);
+                        }
+                ),
+                new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(300),
+                        new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 1, Motion.EASE),
+                        new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(), 0, Motion.EASE)
+                )
+        );
+        animation.setCycleCount(1);
+        pauseTransition = Duration.INDEFINITE.equals(timeout) ? null : new PauseTransition(timeout);
+        if (pauseTransition != null) {
+            animation.setOnFinished(finish -> {
+                pauseTransition.setOnFinished(done -> {
+                    pauseTransition = null;
+                    eventsSet.remove(currentEvent);
+                    currentEvent = eventQueue.peek();
+                    close();
+                });
+                pauseTransition.play();
+            });
+        }
+        return animation;
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        if (openAnimation != null) {
+            openAnimation.stop();
+        }
+        if (this.isVisible()) {
+            Timeline closeAnimation = new Timeline(
+                    new KeyFrame(
+                            Duration.ZERO,
+                            e -> this.toFront(),
+                            new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 1, Motion.EASE),
+                            new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(), 0, Motion.EASE)
+                    ),
+                    new KeyFrame(
+                            Duration.millis(290),
+                            e -> this.setVisible(true)
+                    ),
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(300),
+                            e -> {
+                                this.toBack();
+                                this.setVisible(false);
+                            },
+                            new KeyValue(this.translateYProperty(), this.getLayoutBounds().getHeight(), Motion.EASE),
+                            new KeyValue(this.opacityProperty(), 0, Motion.EASE)
+                    )
+            );
+            closeAnimation.setCycleCount(1);
+            closeAnimation.setOnFinished(e -> {
+                resetPseudoClass();
+                processSnackbar();
+            });
+            closeAnimation.play();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private SnackbarEvent currentEvent = null;
+
+    public SnackbarEvent getCurrentEvent() {
+        return currentEvent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shows {@link SnackbarEvent SnackbarEvents} one by one. The next event will be shown after the current event's duration.
+     *
+     * @param event the {@link SnackbarEvent event} to put in the queue.
+     */
+    public void enqueue(SnackbarEvent event) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!eventsSet.contains(event)) {
+                eventsSet.add(event);
+                eventQueue.offer(event);
+            } else if (currentEvent == event && pauseTransition != null) {
+                pauseTransition.playFromStart();
+            }
+        }
+        if (processingQueue.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            Platform.runLater(() -> {
+                currentEvent = eventQueue.poll();
+                if (currentEvent != null) {
+                    show(currentEvent);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resetPseudoClass() {
+        if (activePseudoClass != null) {
+            content.pseudoClassStateChanged(activePseudoClass, false);
+            activePseudoClass = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processSnackbar() {
+        currentEvent = eventQueue.poll();
+        if (currentEvent != null) {
+            eventsSet.remove(currentEvent);
+            show(currentEvent);
+        } else {
+            //The enqueue method and this listener should be executed sequentially on the FX Thread so there
+            //should not be a race condition
+            processingQueue.getAndSet(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void refreshPopup() {
+        if (snackbarContainer == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Bounds contentBound = this.getLayoutBounds();
+        double offsetX = Math.ceil(snackbarContainer.getWidth() / 2) - Math.ceil(contentBound.getWidth() / 2);
+        double offsetY = snackbarContainer.getHeight() - contentBound.getHeight();
+        this.setLayoutX(offsetX);
+        this.setLayoutY(offsetY);
+
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Event API
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Specifies _what_ and _how long_ to show a [JFXSnackbar].
+    ///
+    /// The _what_ can be any arbitrary [Node]; the [JFXSnackbarLayout] is a great choice.
+    ///
+    /// The _how long_ is specified in the form of a [javafx.util.Duration][javafx.util.Duration], not to be
+    /// confused with the [java.time.Duration].
+    public static class SnackbarEvent extends Event {
+
+        public static final EventType<SnackbarEvent> SNACKBAR = new EventType<>(Event.ANY, "SNACKBAR");
+
+        /// The amount of time the snackbar will show for, if not otherwise specified.
+        ///
+        /// It's 1.5 seconds.
+        public static Duration DEFAULT_DURATION = Duration.seconds(1.5);
+
+        private final Node content;
+        private final PseudoClass pseudoClass;
+        private final Duration timeout;
+
+        /// Creates a [SnackbarEvent] with the [default duration][#DEFAULT_DURATION] and no pseudoClass.
+        ///
+        /// @param content what you want shown in the snackbar; a [JFXSnackbarLayout] is a great choice.
+        public SnackbarEvent(Node content) {
+            this(content, DEFAULT_DURATION, null);
+        }
+
+        /// Creates a [SnackbarEvent] with the [default duration][#DEFAULT_DURATION]; you specify the contents and
+        /// pseudoClass.
+        ///
+        /// @param content what you want shown in the snackbar; a [JFXSnackbarLayout] is a great choice.
+        public SnackbarEvent(Node content, PseudoClass pseudoClass) {
+            this(content, DEFAULT_DURATION, pseudoClass);
+        }
+
+        /// Creates a SnackbarEvent with no pseudoClass; you specify the contents and duration.
+        /// pseudoClass.
+        ///
+        /// @param content what you want shown in the snackbar; a [JFXSnackbarLayout] is a great choice.
+        /// @param timeout the amount of time you want the snackbar to show for.
+        public SnackbarEvent(Node content, Duration timeout) {
+            this(content, timeout, null);
+        }
+
+        /// Creates a SnackbarEvent; you specify the contents, duration and pseudoClass.
+        ///
+        /// If you don't need so much customization, try one of the other constructors.
+        ///
+        /// @param content what you want shown in the snackbar; a [JFXSnackbarLayout] is a great choice.
+        /// @param timeout the amount of time you want the snackbar to show for.
+        public SnackbarEvent(Node content, Duration timeout, PseudoClass pseudoClass) {
+            super(SNACKBAR);
+            this.content = content;
+            this.pseudoClass = pseudoClass;
+            this.timeout = timeout;
+        }
+
+        public Node getContent() {
+            return content;
+        }
+
+        public PseudoClass getPseudoClass() {
+            return pseudoClass;
+        }
+
+        public Duration getTimeout() {
+            return timeout;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public EventType<? extends SnackbarEvent> getEventType() {
+            return (EventType<? extends SnackbarEvent>) super.getEventType();
+        }
+
+        public boolean isPersistent() {
+            return Duration.INDEFINITE.equals(getTimeout());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
+import javafx.event.EventHandler;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.Label;
+import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+
+/// JFXSnackbarLayout default layout for snackbar content
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2018-11-16
+public class JFXSnackbarLayout extends BorderPane {
+
+    private final Label toast;
+    private JFXButton action;
+    private final StackPane actionContainer;
+
+    public JFXSnackbarLayout(String message) {
+        this(message, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public JFXSnackbarLayout(String message, String actionText, EventHandler<ActionEvent> actionHandler) {
+        initialize();
+
+        toast = new Label();
+        toast.setMinWidth(Control.USE_PREF_SIZE);
+        toast.getStyleClass().add("jfx-snackbar-toast");
+        toast.setWrapText(true);
+        toast.setText(message);
+        StackPane toastContainer = new StackPane(toast);
+        toastContainer.setPadding(new Insets(20));
+        actionContainer = new StackPane();
+        actionContainer.setVisible(false);
+        actionContainer.setManaged(false);
+
+        toast.prefWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.createDoubleBinding(() -> {
+            if (getPrefWidth() == -1) {
+                return getPrefWidth();
+            }
+            double actionWidth = actionContainer.isVisible() ? actionContainer.getWidth() : 0.0;
+            return prefWidthProperty().get() - actionWidth;
+        }, prefWidthProperty(), actionContainer.widthProperty(), actionContainer.visibleProperty()));
+
+        setLeft(toastContainer);
+        setRight(actionContainer);
+
+        if (actionText != null) {
+            action = new JFXButton();
+            action.setText(actionText);
+            action.setOnAction(actionHandler);
+            action.setMinWidth(Control.USE_PREF_SIZE);
+            action.setButtonType(JFXButton.ButtonType.FLAT);
+            action.getStyleClass().add("jfx-snackbar-action");
+            // actions will be added upon showing the snackbar if needed
+            actionContainer.getChildren().add(action);
+
+            if (!actionText.isEmpty()) {
+                actionContainer.setPadding(new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0));
+                action.setVisible(true);
+                actionContainer.setVisible(true);
+                actionContainer.setManaged(true);
+                // to force updating the layout bounds
+                action.setText("");
+                action.setText(actionText);
+                action.setOnAction(actionHandler);
+            } else {
+                actionContainer.setVisible(false);
+                actionContainer.setManaged(false);
+                action.setVisible(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-snackbar-layout";
+
+    public String getToast() {
+        return toast.getText();
+    }
+
+    public void setToast(String toast) {
+        this.toast.setText(toast);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXSpinnerSkin;
+import javafx.css.CssMetaData;
+import javafx.css.SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.css.Styleable;
+import javafx.css.StyleableDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.css.converter.SizeConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.ProgressIndicator;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+
+/// JFXSpinner is the material design implementation of a loading spinner.
+///
+/// @author Bashir Elias & Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXSpinner extends ProgressIndicator {
+
+    public static final double INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS = ProgressIndicator.INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS;
+
+    public JFXSpinner() {
+        this(INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS);
+    }
+
+    public JFXSpinner(double progress) {
+        super(progress);
+        init();
+    }
+
+    private void init() {
+        getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXSpinnerSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Stylesheet Handling                                                     *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /// Initialize the style class to 'jfx-spinner'.
+    ///
+    /// This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+    /// this control.
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-spinner";
+
+    private static final double DEFAULT_RADIUS = 16.0;
+
+    /**
+     * specifies the radius of the spinner node, by default it's set to `16.0`
+     */
+    private StyleableDoubleProperty radius;
+
+    public final StyleableDoubleProperty radiusProperty() {
+        if (this.radius == null) {
+            this.radius = new SimpleStyleableDoubleProperty(StyleableProperties.RADIUS,
+                    JFXSpinner.this,
+                    "radius",
+                    DEFAULT_RADIUS);
+        }
+        return this.radius;
+    }
+
+    public final double getRadius() {
+        return radius != null ? radius.get() : DEFAULT_RADIUS;
+    }
+
+    public final void setRadius(final double radius) {
+        this.radiusProperty().set(radius);
+    }
+
+    public double getStartingAngle() {
+        return 360 - ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextDouble() * 720;
+    }
+
+    private static final class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXSpinner, Number> RADIUS =
+                new CssMetaData<>("-jfx-radius",
+                        SizeConverter.getInstance(), DEFAULT_RADIUS) {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isSettable(JFXSpinner control) {
+                        return control.radius == null || !control.radius.isBound();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public StyleableDoubleProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXSpinner control) {
+                        return control.radiusProperty();
+                    }
+                };
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables =
+                    new ArrayList<>(ProgressIndicator.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, RADIUS);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = List.copyOf(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        return getClassCssMetaData();
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXTextAreaSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.validation.base.ValidatorBase;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectWrapper;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
+import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.useJFXContextMenu;
+
+/**
+ * JFXTextArea is the material design implementation of a text area.
+ *
+ * @author Shadi Shaheen
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 2016-03-09
+ */
+public class JFXTextArea extends TextArea {
+    /**
+     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-text-field'.
+     * <p>
+     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+     * this control.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-text-area";
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXTextArea() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXTextArea(String text) {
+        super(text);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXTextAreaSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+        if ("dalvik".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("java.vm.name"))) {
+            this.setStyle("-fx-skin: \"com.jfoenix.android.skins.JFXTextAreaSkinAndroid\";");
+        }
+
+        useJFXContextMenu(this);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Properties                                                              *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * holds the current active validator on the text area in case of validation error
+     */
+    private ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<ValidatorBase> activeValidator = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>();
+
+    public ValidatorBase getActiveValidator() {
+        return activeValidator == null ? null : activeValidator.get();
+    }
+
+    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<ValidatorBase> activeValidatorProperty() {
+        return this.activeValidator.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * list of validators that will validate the text value upon calling
+     * {{@link #validate()}
+     */
+    private ObservableList<ValidatorBase> validators = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    public ObservableList<ValidatorBase> getValidators() {
+        return validators;
+    }
+
+    public void setValidators(ValidatorBase... validators) {
+        this.validators.addAll(validators);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * validates the text value using the list of validators provided by the user
+     * {{@link #setValidators(ValidatorBase...)}
+     *
+     * @return true if the value is valid else false
+     */
+    public boolean validate() {
+        for (ValidatorBase validator : validators) {
+            if (validator.getSrcControl() == null) {
+                validator.setSrcControl(this);
+            }
+            validator.validate();
+            if (validator.getHasErrors()) {
+                activeValidator.set(validator);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void resetValidation() {
+        pseudoClassStateChanged(ValidatorBase.PSEUDO_CLASS_ERROR, false);
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * styleable Properties                                                    *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * set true to show a float the prompt text when focusing the field
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloat = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.LABEL_FLOAT, JFXTextArea.this, "lableFloat", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloatProperty() {
+        return this.labelFloat;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isLabelFloat() {
+        return this.labelFloatProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setLabelFloat(final boolean labelFloat) {
+        this.labelFloatProperty().set(labelFloat);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the text area is unfocused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNFOCUS_COLOR, JFXTextArea.this, "unFocusColor", Color.rgb(77, 77, 77));
+
+    public Paint getUnFocusColor() {
+        return unFocusColor == null ? Color.rgb(77, 77, 77) : unFocusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColorProperty() {
+        return this.unFocusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setUnFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.unFocusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the text area is focused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.FOCUS_COLOR, JFXTextArea.this, "focusColor", Color.valueOf("#4059A9"));
+
+    public Paint getFocusColor() {
+        return focusColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#4059A9") : focusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColorProperty() {
+        return this.focusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.focusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * disable animation on validation
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimation = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.DISABLE_ANIMATION, JFXTextArea.this, "disableAnimation", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimationProperty() {
+        return this.disableAnimation;
+    }
+
+    public final Boolean isDisableAnimation() {
+        return disableAnimation != null && this.disableAnimationProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setDisableAnimation(final Boolean disabled) {
+        this.disableAnimationProperty().set(disabled);
+    }
+
+    private final static class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Paint> UNFOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Paint>("-jfx-unfocus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.rgb(77, 77, 77)) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.unFocusColor == null || !control.unFocusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.unFocusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Paint> FOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Paint>("-jfx-focus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#4059A9")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.focusColor == null || !control.focusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.focusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Boolean> LABEL_FLOAT = new CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Boolean>("-jfx-label-float", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.labelFloat == null || !control.labelFloat.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.labelFloatProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Boolean> DISABLE_ANIMATION = new CssMetaData<JFXTextArea, Boolean>("-jfx-disable-animation", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.disableAnimation == null || !control.disableAnimation.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXTextArea control) {
+                return control.disableAnimationProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, UNFOCUS_COLOR, FOCUS_COLOR, LABEL_FLOAT, DISABLE_ANIMATION);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // inherit the styleable properties from parent
+    private List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> STYLEABLES;
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        if (STYLEABLES == null) {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(TextArea.getClassCssMetaData());
+            STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+        return STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.skins.JFXTextFieldSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.validation.base.ValidatorBase;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectWrapper;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.css.*;
+import javafx.css.converter.BooleanConverter;
+import javafx.css.converter.PaintConverter;
+import javafx.scene.control.Control;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.useJFXContextMenu;
+
+/**
+ * JFXTextField is the material design implementation of a text Field.
+ *
+ * @author Shadi Shaheen
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 2016-03-09
+ */
+public class JFXTextField extends TextField {
+    /**
+     * Initialize the style class to 'jfx-text-field'.
+     * <p>
+     * This is the selector class from which CSS can be used to style
+     * this control.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-text-field";
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXTextField() {
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public JFXTextField(String text) {
+        super(text);
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Skin<?> createDefaultSkin() {
+        return new JFXTextFieldSkin(this);
+    }
+
+    private void initialize() {
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+        if ("dalvik".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("java.vm.name"))) {
+            this.setStyle("-fx-skin: \"com.jfoenix.android.skins.JFXTextFieldSkinAndroid\";");
+        }
+
+        useJFXContextMenu(this);
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/5822
+    // TODO: This method may no longer be needed after we update JFXTextFieldSkin
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren() {
+        super.layoutChildren();
+        this.setNeedsLayout(false);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * Properties                                                              *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * holds the current active validator on the text field in case of validation error
+     */
+    private ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<ValidatorBase> activeValidator = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>();
+
+    public ValidatorBase getActiveValidator() {
+        return activeValidator == null ? null : activeValidator.get();
+    }
+
+    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<ValidatorBase> activeValidatorProperty() {
+        return this.activeValidator.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * list of validators that will validate the text value upon calling
+     * {{@link #validate()}
+     */
+    private ObservableList<ValidatorBase> validators = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    public ObservableList<ValidatorBase> getValidators() {
+        return validators;
+    }
+
+    public void setValidators(ValidatorBase... validators) {
+        this.validators.addAll(validators);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * validates the text value using the list of validators provided by the user
+     * {{@link #setValidators(ValidatorBase...)}
+     *
+     * @return true if the value is valid else false
+     */
+    public boolean validate() {
+        for (ValidatorBase validator : validators) {
+            if (validator.getSrcControl() == null) {
+                validator.setSrcControl(this);
+            }
+            validator.validate();
+            if (validator.getHasErrors()) {
+                activeValidator.set(validator);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void resetValidation() {
+        pseudoClassStateChanged(ValidatorBase.PSEUDO_CLASS_ERROR, false);
+        activeValidator.set(null);
+    }
+
+    /***************************************************************************
+     *                                                                         *
+     * styleable Properties                                                    *
+     *                                                                         *
+     **************************************************************************/
+
+    /**
+     * set true to show a float the prompt text when focusing the field
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloat = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.LABEL_FLOAT, JFXTextField.this, "lableFloat", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty labelFloatProperty() {
+        return this.labelFloat;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isLabelFloat() {
+        return this.labelFloatProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setLabelFloat(final boolean labelFloat) {
+        this.labelFloatProperty().set(labelFloat);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is unfocused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.UNFOCUS_COLOR, JFXTextField.this, "unFocusColor", Color.rgb(77, 77, 77));
+
+    public Paint getUnFocusColor() {
+        return unFocusColor == null ? Color.rgb(77, 77, 77) : unFocusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> unFocusColorProperty() {
+        return this.unFocusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setUnFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.unFocusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default color used when the field is focused
+     */
+    private StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColor = new SimpleStyleableObjectProperty<>(StyleableProperties.FOCUS_COLOR, JFXTextField.this, "focusColor", Color.valueOf("#4059A9"));
+
+    public Paint getFocusColor() {
+        return focusColor == null ? Color.valueOf("#4059A9") : focusColor.get();
+    }
+
+    public StyleableObjectProperty<Paint> focusColorProperty() {
+        return this.focusColor;
+    }
+
+    public void setFocusColor(Paint color) {
+        this.focusColor.set(color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * disable animation on validation
+     */
+    private StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimation = new SimpleStyleableBooleanProperty(StyleableProperties.DISABLE_ANIMATION, JFXTextField.this, "disableAnimation", false);
+
+    public final StyleableBooleanProperty disableAnimationProperty() {
+        return this.disableAnimation;
+    }
+
+    public final Boolean isDisableAnimation() {
+        return disableAnimation != null && this.disableAnimationProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setDisableAnimation(final Boolean disabled) {
+        this.disableAnimationProperty().set(disabled);
+    }
+
+    private final static class StyleableProperties {
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Paint> UNFOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Paint>("-jfx-unfocus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#A6A6A6")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.unFocusColor == null || !control.unFocusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.unFocusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Paint> FOCUS_COLOR = new CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Paint>("-jfx-focus-color", PaintConverter.getInstance(), Color.valueOf("#3f51b5")) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.focusColor == null || !control.focusColor.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableProperty<Paint> getStyleableProperty(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.focusColorProperty();
+            }
+        };
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Boolean> LABEL_FLOAT = new CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Boolean>("-jfx-label-float", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.labelFloat == null || !control.labelFloat.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.labelFloatProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        private static final CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Boolean> DISABLE_ANIMATION = new CssMetaData<JFXTextField, Boolean>("-jfx-disable-animation", BooleanConverter.getInstance(), false) {
+            @Override
+            public boolean isSettable(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.disableAnimation == null || !control.disableAnimation.isBound();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public StyleableBooleanProperty getStyleableProperty(JFXTextField control) {
+                return control.disableAnimationProperty();
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        private static final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+
+        static {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            Collections.addAll(styleables, UNFOCUS_COLOR, FOCUS_COLOR, LABEL_FLOAT, DISABLE_ANIMATION);
+            CHILD_STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // inherit the styleable properties from parent
+    private List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> STYLEABLES;
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getControlCssMetaData() {
+        if (STYLEABLES == null) {
+            final List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> styleables = new ArrayList<>(Control.getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(getClassCssMetaData());
+            styleables.addAll(TextField.getClassCssMetaData());
+            STYLEABLES = Collections.unmodifiableList(styleables);
+        }
+        return STYLEABLES;
+    }
+
+    public static List<CssMetaData<? extends Styleable, ?>> getClassCssMetaData() {
+        return StyleableProperties.CHILD_STYLEABLES;
+    }
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import com.jfoenix.utils.JFXNodeUtils;
+import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
+import javafx.beans.WeakInvalidationListener;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.TreeCell;
+import javafx.scene.control.TreeItem;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+
+/// JFXTreeCell is simple material design implementation of a tree cell.
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2017-02-15
+public class JFXTreeCell<T> extends TreeCell<T> {
+
+    protected JFXRippler cellRippler = new JFXRippler(this) {
+        @Override
+        protected Node getMask() {
+            Region clip = new Region();
+            JFXNodeUtils.updateBackground(JFXTreeCell.this.getBackground(), clip);
+            double width = control.getLayoutBounds().getWidth();
+            double height = control.getLayoutBounds().getHeight();
+            clip.resize(width, height);
+            return clip;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void positionControl(Node control) {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+    };
+    private HBox hbox;
+    private final StackPane selectedPane = new StackPane();
+
+    private final InvalidationListener treeItemGraphicInvalidationListener = observable -> updateDisplay(getItem(),
+            isEmpty());
+    private final WeakInvalidationListener weakTreeItemGraphicListener = new WeakInvalidationListener(
+            treeItemGraphicInvalidationListener);
+
+    private WeakReference<TreeItem<T>> treeItemRef;
+
+    public JFXTreeCell() {
+        selectedPane.getStyleClass().add("selection-bar");
+        selectedPane.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.RED, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        selectedPane.setPrefWidth(3);
+        selectedPane.setMouseTransparent(true);
+        selectedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> selectedPane.setVisible(newVal ? true : false));
+
+        final InvalidationListener treeItemInvalidationListener = observable -> {
+            TreeItem<T> oldTreeItem = treeItemRef == null ? null : treeItemRef.get();
+            if (oldTreeItem != null) {
+                oldTreeItem.graphicProperty().removeListener(weakTreeItemGraphicListener);
+            }
+
+            TreeItem<T> newTreeItem = getTreeItem();
+            if (newTreeItem != null) {
+                newTreeItem.graphicProperty().addListener(weakTreeItemGraphicListener);
+                treeItemRef = new WeakReference<>(newTreeItem);
+            }
+        };
+        final WeakInvalidationListener weakTreeItemListener = new WeakInvalidationListener(treeItemInvalidationListener);
+        treeItemProperty().addListener(weakTreeItemListener);
+        if (getTreeItem() != null) {
+            getTreeItem().graphicProperty().addListener(weakTreeItemGraphicListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren() {
+        super.layoutChildren();
+        if (!getChildren().contains(selectedPane)) {
+            getChildren().add(0, cellRippler);
+            cellRippler.rippler.clear();
+            getChildren().add(0, selectedPane);
+        }
+        cellRippler.resizeRelocate(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
+        cellRippler.releaseRipple();
+        selectedPane.resizeRelocate(0, 0, selectedPane.prefWidth(-1), getHeight());
+        selectedPane.setVisible(isSelected());
+    }
+
+    private void updateDisplay(T item, boolean empty) {
+        if (item == null || empty) {
+            hbox = null;
+            setText(null);
+            setGraphic(null);
+        } else {
+            TreeItem<T> treeItem = getTreeItem();
+            if (treeItem != null && treeItem.getGraphic() != null) {
+                if (item instanceof Node) {
+                    setText(null);
+                    if (hbox == null) {
+                        hbox = new HBox(3);
+                    }
+                    hbox.getChildren().setAll(treeItem.getGraphic(), (Node) item);
+                    setGraphic(hbox);
+                } else {
+                    hbox = null;
+                    setText(item.toString());
+                    setGraphic(treeItem.getGraphic());
+                }
+            } else {
+                hbox = null;
+                if (item instanceof Node) {
+                    setText(null);
+                    setGraphic((Node) item);
+                } else {
+                    setText(item.toString());
+                    setGraphic(null);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
+        super.updateItem(item, empty);
+        updateDisplay(item, empty);
+        setMouseTransparent(item == null || empty);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls;
+
+import javafx.scene.control.TreeItem;
+import javafx.scene.control.TreeView;
+
+/// JFXTreeView is the material design implementation of a TreeView
+/// with expand/collapse animation and selection indicator.
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2017-02-15
+public class JFXTreeView<T> extends TreeView<T> {
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS = "jfx-tree-view";
+
+    public JFXTreeView() {
+        init();
+    }
+
+    public JFXTreeView(TreeItem<T> root) {
+        super(root);
+        init();
+    }
+
+    private void init() {
+        this.setCellFactory((view) -> new JFXTreeCell<>());
+        this.getStyleClass().add(DEFAULT_STYLE_CLASS);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls.datamodels.treetable;
+
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.scene.control.TreeTableColumn;
+
+/// data model that is used in JFXTreeTableView, it's used to implement
+/// the grouping feature.
+///
+/// **Note:** the data object used in JFXTreeTableView **must** extends this class
+///
+/// @param <T> is the concrete object of the Tree table
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class RecursiveTreeObject<T> {
+
+    /// grouped children objects
+    private ObservableList<T> children = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    public ObservableList<T> getChildren() {
+        return children;
+    }
+
+    public void setChildren(ObservableList<T> children) {
+        this.children = children;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether or not the object is grouped by a specified tree table column
+    ObjectProperty<TreeTableColumn<T, ?>> groupedColumn = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    public final ObjectProperty<TreeTableColumn<T, ?>> groupedColumnProperty() {
+        return this.groupedColumn;
+    }
+
+    public final TreeTableColumn<T, ?> getGroupedColumn() {
+        return this.groupedColumnProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setGroupedColumn(final TreeTableColumn<T, ?> groupedColumn) {
+        this.groupedColumnProperty().set(groupedColumn);
+    }
+
+    /// the value that must be shown when grouped
+    ObjectProperty<Object> groupedValue = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    public final ObjectProperty<Object> groupedValueProperty() {
+        return this.groupedValue;
+    }
+
+    public final Object getGroupedValue() {
+        return this.groupedValueProperty().get();
+    }
+
+    public final void setGroupedValue(final Object groupedValue) {
+        this.groupedValueProperty().set(groupedValue);
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.controls.events;
+
+import javafx.event.Event;
+import javafx.event.EventType;
+
+import java.io.Serial;
+
+/// JFXDialog events, used exclusively by the following methods:
+///
+///   - [com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDialog#show()]
+///   - [com.jfoenix.controls.JFXDialog#close()]
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXDialogEvent extends Event {
+
+    @Serial
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /// This event occurs when a JFXDialog is closed, no longer visible to the user
+    /// ( after the exit animation ends )
+    public static final EventType<JFXDialogEvent> CLOSED = new EventType<>(Event.ANY, "JFX_DIALOG_CLOSED");
+
+    /// This event occurs when a JFXDialog is opened, visible to the user
+    /// ( after the entrance animation ends )
+    public static final EventType<JFXDialogEvent> OPENED = new EventType<>(Event.ANY, "JFX_DIALOG_OPENED");
+
+    /// Construct a new JFXDialog `Event` with the specified event type
+    ///
+    /// @param eventType the event type
+    public JFXDialogEvent(EventType<? extends Event> eventType) {
+        super(eventType);
+    }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 JFoenix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+ * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.effects;
+
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.effect.BlurType;
+import javafx.scene.effect.DropShadow;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+
+/**
+ * it will create a shadow effect for a given node and a specified depth level.
+ * depth levels are {0,1,2,3,4,5}
+ *
+ * @author Shadi Shaheen
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 2016-03-09
+ */
+public final class JFXDepthManager {
+    private JFXDepthManager() {
+        throw new AssertionError();
+    }
+
+    private static final DropShadow[] depth = new DropShadow[] {
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.TRANSPARENT, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 4, 0, 0, 0),
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.16), 8, 0, 0, 4),
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.20), 12, 0, 0, 4),
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.24), 16, 0, 0, 4),
+            new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.28), 20, 0, 0, 8)
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * this method is used to add shadow effect to the node,
+     * however the shadow is not real ( gets affected with node transformations)
+     * <p>
+     * use {@link #createMaterialNode(Node, int)} instead to generate a real shadow
+     */
+    public static void setDepth(Node control, int level) {
+        level = level < 0 ? 0 : level;
+        level = level > 5 ? 5 : level;
+        control.setEffect(new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN,
+                depth[level].getColor(),
+                depth[level].getRadius(),
+                depth[level].getSpread(),
+                depth[level].getOffsetX(),
+                depth[level].getOffsetY()));
+    }
+
+    public static int getLevels() {
+        return depth.length;
+    }
+
+    public static DropShadow getShadowAt(int level) {
+        return depth[level];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * this method will generate a new container node that prevent
+     * control transformation to be applied to the shadow effect
+     * (which makes it looks as a real shadow)
+     */
+    public static Node createMaterialNode(Node control, int level) {
+        Node container = new Pane(control) {
+            @Override
+            protected double computeMaxWidth(double height) {
+                return computePrefWidth(height);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected double computeMaxHeight(double width) {
+                return computePrefHeight(width);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected double computePrefWidth(double height) {
+                return control.prefWidth(height);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected double computePrefHeight(double width) {
+                return control.prefHeight(width);
+            }
+        };
+        container.getStyleClass().add("depth-container");
+        container.setPickOnBounds(false);
+        level = level < 0 ? 0 : level;
+        level = level > 5 ? 5 : level;
+        container.setEffect(new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN,
+                depth[level].getColor(),
+                depth[level].getRadius(),
+                depth[level].getSpread(),
+                depth[level].getOffsetX(),
+                depth[level].getOffsetY()));
+        return container;
+    }
+
+    public static void pop(Node control) {
+        control.setEffect(new DropShadow(BlurType.GAUSSIAN, Color.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.26), 5, 0.05, 0, 1));
+    }
+
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.adapters.skins.ButtonSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXButton;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXRippler;
+import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
+import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
+import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.animation.Transition;
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.Label;
+import javafx.scene.effect.DropShadow;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
+import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
+import javafx.scene.layout.CornerRadii;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Shape;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+
+public class JFXButtonSkin extends ButtonSkin {
+    private final StackPane buttonContainer = new StackPane();
+    private final JFXRippler buttonRippler = new JFXRippler(new StackPane()) {
+        protected Node getMask() {
+            StackPane mask = new StackPane();
+            mask.shapeProperty().bind(JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.shapeProperty());
+            mask.backgroundProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> new Background(
+                    new BackgroundFill(Color.WHITE,
+                            JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.backgroundProperty().get() != null && !JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getBackground().getFills().isEmpty()
+                                    ? JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getRadii()
+                                    : JFXButtonSkin.this.defaultRadii, JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.backgroundProperty().get() != null && !JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getBackground().getFills().isEmpty() ? JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getInsets() : Insets.EMPTY)),
+                    JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.backgroundProperty()));
+            mask.resize(JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getWidth() - JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.snappedRightInset() - JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.snappedLeftInset(), JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getHeight() - JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.snappedBottomInset() - JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.snappedTopInset());
+            return mask;
+        }
+
+        private void initListeners() {
+            this.ripplerPane.setOnMousePressed((event) -> {
+                if (JFXButtonSkin.this.releaseManualRippler != null) {
+                    JFXButtonSkin.this.releaseManualRippler.run();
+                }
+
+                JFXButtonSkin.this.releaseManualRippler = null;
+                this.createRipple(event.getX(), event.getY());
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    private Transition clickedAnimation;
+    private final CornerRadii defaultRadii = new CornerRadii(3.0);
+    private boolean invalid = true;
+    private Runnable releaseManualRippler = null;
+
+    public JFXButtonSkin(JFXButton button) {
+        super(button);
+        this.getSkinnable().armedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal) {
+                this.releaseManualRippler = this.buttonRippler.createManualRipple();
+                if (this.clickedAnimation != null) {
+                    this.clickedAnimation.setRate(1.0);
+                    this.clickedAnimation.play();
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (this.releaseManualRippler != null) {
+                    this.releaseManualRippler.run();
+                }
+
+                if (this.clickedAnimation != null) {
+                    this.clickedAnimation.setRate(-1.0);
+                    this.clickedAnimation.play();
+                }
+            }
+
+        });
+        this.buttonContainer.getChildren().add(this.buttonRippler);
+        button.buttonTypeProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.updateButtonType(newVal));
+        button.setOnMousePressed((e) -> {
+            if (this.clickedAnimation != null) {
+                this.clickedAnimation.setRate(1.0F);
+                this.clickedAnimation.play();
+            }
+        });
+        button.setOnMouseReleased((e) -> {
+            if (this.clickedAnimation != null) {
+                this.clickedAnimation.setRate(-1.0F);
+                this.clickedAnimation.play();
+            }
+        });
+
+        ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusVisibleProperty = FXUtils.focusVisibleProperty(button);
+        if (focusVisibleProperty == null) {
+            focusVisibleProperty = button.focusedProperty();
+        }
+        focusVisibleProperty.addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal) {
+                if (!this.getSkinnable().isPressed()) {
+                    this.buttonRippler.showOverlay();
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.buttonRippler.hideOverlay();
+            }
+        });
+        button.pressedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.buttonRippler.hideOverlay());
+        button.setPickOnBounds(false);
+        this.buttonContainer.setPickOnBounds(false);
+        this.buttonContainer.shapeProperty().bind(this.getSkinnable().shapeProperty());
+        this.buttonContainer.borderProperty().bind(this.getSkinnable().borderProperty());
+        this.buttonContainer.backgroundProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
+            if (button.getBackground() == null || this.isJavaDefaultBackground(button.getBackground()) || this.isJavaDefaultClickedBackground(button.getBackground())) {
+                button.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, this.defaultRadii, null)));
+            }
+
+            try {
+                return new Background(new BackgroundFill(this.getSkinnable().getBackground() != null ? this.getSkinnable().getBackground().getFills().get(0).getFill() : Color.TRANSPARENT, this.getSkinnable().getBackground() != null ? this.getSkinnable().getBackground().getFills().get(0).getRadii() : this.defaultRadii, Insets.EMPTY));
+            } catch (Exception var3) {
+                return this.getSkinnable().getBackground();
+            }
+        }, this.getSkinnable().backgroundProperty()));
+        button.ripplerFillProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(newVal));
+        if (button.getBackground() == null || this.isJavaDefaultBackground(button.getBackground())) {
+            button.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, this.defaultRadii, null)));
+        }
+
+        this.updateButtonType(button.getButtonType());
+        this.updateChildren();
+    }
+
+    protected void updateChildren() {
+        super.updateChildren();
+        if (this.buttonContainer != null) {
+            this.getChildren().add(0, this.buttonContainer);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < this.getChildren().size(); ++i) {
+            this.getChildren().get(i).setMouseTransparent(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
+        if (this.invalid) {
+            if (((JFXButton) this.getSkinnable()).getRipplerFill() == null) {
+                for (int i = this.getChildren().size() - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
+                    if (this.getChildren().get(i) instanceof Shape shape) {
+                        this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(shape.getFill());
+                        shape.fillProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(newVal));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (this.getChildren().get(i) instanceof Label label) {
+                        this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(label.getTextFill());
+                        label.textFillProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(newVal));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.buttonRippler.setRipplerFill(((JFXButton) this.getSkinnable()).getRipplerFill());
+            }
+
+            this.invalid = false;
+        }
+
+        double shift = 1.0F;
+        this.buttonContainer.resizeRelocate(this.getSkinnable().getLayoutBounds().getMinX() - shift, this.getSkinnable().getLayoutBounds().getMinY() - shift, this.getSkinnable().getWidth() + (double) 2.0F * shift, this.getSkinnable().getHeight() + (double) 2.0F * shift);
+        this.layoutLabelInArea(x, y, w, h);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isJavaDefaultBackground(Background background) {
+        try {
+            String firstFill = background.getFills().get(0).getFill().toString();
+            return "0xffffffba".equals(firstFill) || "0xffffffbf".equals(firstFill) || "0xffffff12".equals(firstFill) || "0xffffffbd".equals(firstFill);
+        } catch (Exception var3) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isJavaDefaultClickedBackground(Background background) {
+        try {
+            return "0x039ed3ff".equals(background.getFills().get(0).getFill().toString());
+        } catch (Exception var3) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateButtonType(JFXButton.ButtonType type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case RAISED -> {
+                JFXDepthManager.setDepth(this.buttonContainer, 2);
+                this.clickedAnimation = new ButtonClickTransition();
+            }
+            case FLAT -> this.buttonContainer.setEffect(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ButtonClickTransition extends CachedTransition {
+        public ButtonClickTransition() {
+            super(JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer, new Timeline(
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).radiusProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(2).radiusProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).spreadProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(2).spreadProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).offsetXProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(2).offsetXProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).offsetYProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(2).offsetYProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)),
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1000.0F),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).radiusProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(5).radiusProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).spreadProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(5).spreadProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).offsetXProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(5).offsetXProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                            new KeyValue(((DropShadow) JFXButtonSkin.this.buttonContainer.getEffect()).offsetYProperty(), JFXDepthManager.getShadowAt(5).offsetYProperty().get(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH))));
+            this.setCycleDuration(Duration.seconds(0.2));
+            this.setDelay(Duration.seconds(0.0F));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
 import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
 import javafx.animation.Timeline;
 import javafx.animation.Transition;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
 import javafx.geometry.HPos;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.VPos;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.shape.SVGPath;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;

 public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
    private final StackPane box = new StackPane();
@@ -75,7 +77,11 @@ public class JFXCheckBoxSkin extends CheckBoxSkin {
            this.updateRippleColor();
            this.playSelectAnimation(newVal);
        });
-        control.focusedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+
+        ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusVisibleProperty = FXUtils.focusVisibleProperty(control);
+        if (focusVisibleProperty == null)
+            focusVisibleProperty = control.focusedProperty();
+        focusVisibleProperty.addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
            if (newVal) {
                if (!this.getSkinnable().isPressed()) {
                    this.rippler.showOverlay();
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+//
+// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
+// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
+//
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.adapters.skins.ComboBoxListViewSkin;
+import com.jfoenix.concurrency.JFXUtilities;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXComboBox;
+import com.jfoenix.transitions.CachedTransition;
+import javafx.animation.*;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import javafx.beans.binding.BooleanBinding;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.event.EventTarget;
+import javafx.geometry.Insets;
+import javafx.geometry.Pos;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.ComboBoxBase;
+import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import javafx.scene.text.Text;
+import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class JFXComboBoxListViewSkin<T> extends ComboBoxListViewSkin<T> {
+    protected final ObjectProperty<Paint> promptTextFill;
+    private boolean invalid = true;
+    private final StackPane customPane;
+    private final StackPane line = new StackPane();
+    private final StackPane focusedLine = new StackPane();
+    private final Text promptText = new Text();
+    private final double initScale = 0.05;
+    private final Scale scale;
+    private final Timeline linesAnimation;
+    private ParallelTransition transition;
+    private CachedTransition promptTextUpTransition;
+    private CachedTransition promptTextDownTransition;
+    private CachedTransition promptTextColorTransition;
+    private final Scale promptTextScale;
+    private Paint oldPromptTextFill;
+    private final BooleanBinding usePromptText;
+
+    public JFXComboBoxListViewSkin(JFXComboBox<T> comboBox) {
+        super(comboBox);
+        this.scale = new Scale(this.initScale, 1.0F);
+        this.linesAnimation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO, new KeyValue(this.scale.xProperty(), this.initScale, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.focusedLine.opacityProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1.0F), new KeyValue(this.focusedLine.opacityProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)), new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(160.0F), new KeyValue(this.scale.xProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)));
+        this.promptTextScale = new Scale(1.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
+        this.promptTextFill = new SimpleObjectProperty(Color.valueOf("#B2B2B2"));
+        this.usePromptText = Bindings.createBooleanBinding(this::usePromptText, ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).valueProperty(), this.getSkinnable().promptTextProperty());
+        this.getArrowButton().setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, null, null)));
+        this.promptText.textProperty().bind(comboBox.promptTextProperty());
+        this.promptText.fillProperty().bind(this.promptTextFill);
+        this.promptText.getStyleClass().addAll("text", "prompt-text");
+        this.promptText.getTransforms().add(this.promptTextScale);
+        if (!comboBox.isLabelFloat()) {
+            this.promptText.visibleProperty().bind(this.usePromptText);
+        }
+
+        this.customPane = new StackPane();
+        this.customPane.setMouseTransparent(true);
+        this.customPane.getStyleClass().add("combo-box-button-container");
+        this.customPane.backgroundProperty().bindBidirectional(this.getSkinnable().backgroundProperty());
+        this.customPane.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, null, null)));
+        this.customPane.getChildren().add(this.promptText);
+        this.getChildren().add(0, this.customPane);
+        StackPane.setAlignment(this.promptText, Pos.CENTER_LEFT);
+        this.line.getStyleClass().add("input-line");
+        this.focusedLine.getStyleClass().add("input-focused-line");
+        this.getChildren().add(this.line);
+        this.getChildren().add(this.focusedLine);
+        this.line.setPrefHeight(1.0F);
+        this.line.setTranslateY(1.0F);
+        this.line.setManaged(false);
+        this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        if (this.getSkinnable().isDisabled()) {
+            this.line.setBorder(new Border(new BorderStroke(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), BorderStrokeStyle.DASHED, CornerRadii.EMPTY, new BorderWidths(1.0F))));
+            this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.TRANSPARENT, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        }
+
+        this.focusedLine.setPrefHeight(2.0F);
+        this.focusedLine.setTranslateY(0.0F);
+        this.focusedLine.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        this.focusedLine.setOpacity(0.0F);
+        this.focusedLine.getTransforms().add(this.scale);
+        this.focusedLine.setManaged(false);
+        if (comboBox.isEditable()) {
+            comboBox.getEditor().setStyle("-fx-background-color:TRANSPARENT;-fx-padding: 4 8 4 8");
+            comboBox.getEditor().promptTextProperty().unbind();
+            comboBox.getEditor().setPromptText(null);
+            comboBox.getEditor().textProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+                this.usePromptText.invalidate();
+                comboBox.setValue(this.getConverter().fromString(newVal));
+            });
+        }
+
+        comboBox.labelFloatProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal) {
+                this.promptText.visibleProperty().unbind();
+                JFXUtilities.runInFX(() -> this.createFloatingAnimation());
+            } else {
+                this.promptText.visibleProperty().bind(this.usePromptText);
+            }
+
+            this.createFocusTransition();
+        });
+        comboBox.focusColorProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal != null) {
+                this.focusedLine.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+                if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
+                    this.promptTextColorTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptTextFill, newVal, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+                        {
+                            this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
+                            this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(160.0F));
+                        }
+
+                        protected void starting() {
+                            super.starting();
+                            JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.oldPromptTextFill = JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.promptTextFill.get();
+                        }
+                    };
+                    this.transition = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+        });
+        comboBox.unFocusColorProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal != null) {
+                this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal, CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+            }
+
+        });
+        comboBox.disabledProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            this.line.setBorder(newVal ? new Border(new BorderStroke(((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), BorderStrokeStyle.DASHED, CornerRadii.EMPTY, new BorderWidths(this.line.getHeight()))) : Border.EMPTY);
+            this.line.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(newVal ? Color.TRANSPARENT : ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getUnFocusColor(), CornerRadii.EMPTY, Insets.EMPTY)));
+        });
+        comboBox.focusedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (newVal) {
+                this.focus();
+            } else {
+                this.unFocus();
+            }
+
+        });
+        comboBox.valueProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+            if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
+                this.animateFloatingLabel(newVal != null && !newVal.toString().isEmpty());
+            }
+
+        });
+
+        for (Node child : getChildren()) {
+            if (child instanceof ListView<?> listView && "list-view".equals(listView.getId())) {
+                // The default hideOnClick logic of ComboBoxListViewSkin doesn't work well with FloatScrollBarSkin.
+                // We implement hideOnClick ourselves to prevent the popup from
+                // hiding when releasing the mouse on the scrollbar.
+
+                this.setHideOnClick(false);
+                listView.addEventFilter(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, t -> {
+                    EventTarget target = t.getTarget();
+                    if (target instanceof Node targetNode) {
+                        List<String> s = targetNode.getStyleClass();
+                        if (s.contains("thumb")
+                                || s.contains("track")
+                                || s.contains("decrement-arrow")
+                                || s.contains("increment-arrow")) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    comboBox.hide();
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
+        super.layoutChildren(x, y, w, h);
+        this.customPane.resizeRelocate(x, y, w, h);
+        if (this.invalid) {
+            this.invalid = false;
+            if (!this.getSkinnable().isEditable()) {
+                Text javaPromptText = (Text) super.getDisplayNode().lookup(".text");
+                if (javaPromptText != null) {
+                    this.promptTextFill.set(javaPromptText.getFill());
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.createFloatingAnimation();
+            if (((ComboBoxBase) this.getSkinnable()).getValue() != null) {
+                this.animateFloatingLabel(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.focusedLine.resizeRelocate(x, this.getSkinnable().getHeight(), w, this.focusedLine.prefHeight(-1.0F));
+        this.line.resizeRelocate(x, this.getSkinnable().getHeight(), w, this.line.prefHeight(-1.0F));
+        this.scale.setPivotX(w / (double) 2.0F);
+    }
+
+    private void createFloatingAnimation() {
+        this.promptTextUpTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptText.translateYProperty(), -this.customPane.getHeight() + 6.05, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.xProperty(), 0.85, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.yProperty(), 0.85, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+            {
+                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
+                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(240.0F));
+            }
+        };
+        this.promptTextColorTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptTextFill, ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getFocusColor(), Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+            {
+                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
+                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(160.0F));
+            }
+
+            protected void starting() {
+                super.starting();
+                JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.oldPromptTextFill = JFXComboBoxListViewSkin.this.promptTextFill.get();
+            }
+        };
+        this.promptTextDownTransition = new CachedTransition(this.customPane, new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1300.0F), new KeyValue(this.promptText.translateYProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.xProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH), new KeyValue(this.promptTextScale.yProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)))) {
+            {
+                this.setDelay(Duration.millis(0.0F));
+                this.setCycleDuration(Duration.millis(240.0F));
+            }
+        };
+        this.promptTextDownTransition.setOnFinished((finish) -> {
+            this.promptText.setTranslateY(0.0F);
+            this.promptTextScale.setX(1.0F);
+            this.promptTextScale.setY(1.0F);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void focus() {
+        if (this.transition == null) {
+            this.createFocusTransition();
+        }
+
+        this.transition.play();
+    }
+
+    private void animateFloatingLabel(boolean up) {
+        if (this.promptText == null) {
+            Platform.runLater(() -> this.animateFloatingLabel(up));
+        } else {
+            if (this.transition != null) {
+                this.transition.stop();
+                this.transition.getChildren().remove(this.promptTextUpTransition);
+                this.transition.getChildren().remove(this.promptTextColorTransition);
+                this.transition = null;
+            }
+
+            if (up && this.promptText.getTranslateY() == (double) 0.0F) {
+                this.promptTextDownTransition.stop();
+                this.promptTextUpTransition.play();
+                if (this.getSkinnable().isFocused()) {
+                    this.promptTextColorTransition.play();
+                }
+            } else if (!up) {
+                this.promptTextUpTransition.stop();
+                if (this.getSkinnable().isFocused()) {
+                    this.promptTextFill.set(this.oldPromptTextFill);
+                }
+
+                this.promptTextDownTransition.play();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void createFocusTransition() {
+        this.transition = new ParallelTransition();
+        if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat()) {
+            this.transition.getChildren().add(this.promptTextUpTransition);
+            this.transition.getChildren().add(this.promptTextColorTransition);
+        }
+
+        this.transition.getChildren().add(this.linesAnimation);
+    }
+
+    private void unFocus() {
+        if (this.transition != null) {
+            this.transition.stop();
+        }
+
+        this.scale.setX(this.initScale);
+        this.focusedLine.setOpacity(0.0F);
+        if (((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).isLabelFloat() && this.oldPromptTextFill != null) {
+            this.promptTextFill.set(this.oldPromptTextFill);
+            if (this.usePromptText()) {
+                this.promptTextDownTransition.play();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private boolean usePromptText() {
+        Object txt = ((JFXComboBox) this.getSkinnable()).getValue();
+        String promptTxt = this.getSkinnable().getPromptText();
+        return (txt == null || txt.toString().isEmpty()) && promptTxt != null && !promptTxt.isEmpty() && !this.promptTextFill.get().equals(Color.TRANSPARENT);
+    }
+}
@@ -34,14 +34,21 @@ import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
 import javafx.scene.Scene;
 import javafx.scene.control.Tab;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextFormatter;
 import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.stage.*;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorScheme;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.StyleSheets;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;

 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;

 /**
 * @author Shadi Shaheen
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {

        // create JFX Decorator
        pickerDecorator = new JFXDecorator(dialog, this, false, false, false);
-        pickerDecorator.setOnCloseButtonAction(this::updateColor);
+        pickerDecorator.setOnCloseButtonAction(this::close);
        pickerDecorator.setPickOnBounds(false);
        customScene = new Scene(pickerDecorator, Color.TRANSPARENT);
        StyleSheets.init(customScene);
@@ -95,14 +102,17 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {

        rgbField.getStyleClass().add("custom-color-field");
        rgbField.setPromptText("RGB Color");
+        rgbField.setTextFormatter(colorCharFormatter());
        rgbField.textProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> updateColorFromUserInput(newVal));

        hsbField.getStyleClass().add("custom-color-field");
        hsbField.setPromptText("HSB Color");
+        hsbField.setTextFormatter(colorCharFormatter());
        hsbField.textProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> updateColorFromUserInput(newVal));

        hexField.getStyleClass().add("custom-color-field");
        hexField.setPromptText("#HEX Color");
+        hexField.setTextFormatter(colorCharFormatter());
        hexField.textProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> updateColorFromUserInput(newVal));

        StackPane tabContent = new StackPane();
@@ -147,6 +157,22 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
            paraTransition.play();
        });

+        container.getChildren().add(tabs);
+
+        HBox actionsHBox = new HBox();
+        actionsHBox.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-actions");
+
+        JFXButton acceptButton = new JFXButton(i18n("button.ok"));
+        acceptButton.setOnAction(event -> updateColor());
+        acceptButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-accept");
+
+        JFXButton cancelButton = new JFXButton(i18n("button.cancel"));
+        cancelButton.setOnAction(event -> close());
+        cancelButton.getStyleClass().add("jfx-color-dialog-cancel");
+
+        actionsHBox.getChildren().addAll(acceptButton, cancelButton);
+        container.getChildren().add(actionsHBox);
+
        initRun = () -> {
            // change tabs labels font color according to the selected color
            pane.backgroundProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
@@ -173,7 +199,7 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
                            (int) (newColor.getRed() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getGreen() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getBlue() * 255));
-                    String rgb = String.format("rgba(%d, %d, %d, 1)",
+                    String rgb = String.format("rgb(%d, %d, %d)",
                            (int) (newColor.getRed() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getGreen() * 255),
                            (int) (newColor.getBlue() * 255));
@@ -226,7 +252,13 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
                hexField.focusColorProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
                    return pane.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getFill();
                }, pane.backgroundProperty()));
-
+                acceptButton.textFillProperty().bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
+                    Color fill = (Color) pane.getBackground().getFills().get(0).getFill();
+                    return ColorScheme.newBuilder(Themes.getColorScheme())
+                            .setPrimaryColorSeed(fill)
+                            .build()
+                            .getPrimary();
+                }, pane.backgroundProperty()));

                ((Pane) pickerDecorator.lookup(".jfx-decorator-buttons-container")).backgroundProperty()
                        .bind(Bindings.createObjectBinding(() -> {
@@ -256,9 +288,6 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
            });
        };

-
-        container.getChildren().add(tabs);
-
        this.getChildren().add(container);
        this.setPadding(new Insets(0));

@@ -288,7 +317,11 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
        if (!systemChange) {
            userChange = true;
            try {
-                curvedColorPicker.setColor(Color.valueOf(colorWebString));
+                Color color = Color.valueOf(colorWebString);
+                if (color.getOpacity() != 1.0) {
+                    color = Color.color(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue());
+                }
+                curvedColorPicker.setColor(color);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
                // if color is not valid then do nothing
            }
@@ -303,6 +336,9 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {

    public void setCurrentColor(Color currentColor) {
        this.currentColorProperty.set(currentColor);
+        if (curvedColorPicker != null && currentColor != null) {
+            curvedColorPicker.setColor(currentColor);
+        }
    }

    Color getCurrentColor() {
@@ -404,4 +440,20 @@ public class JFXCustomColorPickerDialog extends StackPane {
        dialog.setMinWidth(minWidth);
        dialog.setMinHeight(minHeight);
    }
+
+    private static final Pattern COLOR_CHAR_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[0-9a-zA-Z#(),%.\\s]*");
+
+    private static TextFormatter<String> colorCharFormatter() {
+        return new TextFormatter<>(change -> {
+            if (!change.isContentChange()) return change;
+
+            String ins = StringUtils.toHalfWidth(change.getText());
+            if (!COLOR_CHAR_PATTERN.matcher(ins).matches()) return null;
+            String full = StringUtils.toHalfWidth(change.getControlNewText());
+            long h = full.chars().filter(c -> c == '#').count();
+            if (h > 1 || (h == 1 && full.indexOf('#') != 0)) return null;
+            change.setText(ins);
+            return change;
+        });
+    }
 }
@@ -20,26 +20,23 @@
 */
 package com.jfoenix.skins;

-import com.jfoenix.adapters.skins.ListViewSkin;
 import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXListView;
 import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
 import javafx.scene.control.ListCell;
+import javafx.scene.control.skin.ListViewSkin;
 import javafx.scene.control.skin.VirtualFlow;
-import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;

-// https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/4720
 public class JFXListViewSkin<T> extends ListViewSkin<T> {

-    private final VirtualFlow<ListCell<T>> flow;
-
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public JFXListViewSkin(final JFXListView<T> listView) {
        super(listView);
-        flow = (VirtualFlow<ListCell<T>>) getChildren().get(0);
-        JFXDepthManager.setDepth(flow, listView.depthProperty().get());
-        listView.depthProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> JFXDepthManager.setDepth(flow, newVal));
-        FXUtils.smoothScrolling(flow);
+        VirtualFlow<ListCell<T>> flow = getVirtualFlow();
+        FXUtils.onChangeAndOperate(listView.depthProperty(), depth -> JFXDepthManager.setDepth(flow, depth.intValue()));
+
+        if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(listView.getProperties().get("no-smooth-scrolling"))) {
+            FXUtils.smoothScrolling(flow);
+        }
    }

    @Override
@@ -47,47 +44,4 @@ public class JFXListViewSkin<T> extends ListViewSkin<T> {
        return 200;
    }

-    @Override
-    protected double computePrefHeight(double width, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
-        final int itemsCount = getSkinnable().getItems().size();
-        if (getSkinnable().maxHeightProperty().isBound() || itemsCount <= 0) {
-            return super.computePrefHeight(width, topInset, rightInset, bottomInset, leftInset);
-        }
-
-        final double fixedCellSize = getSkinnable().getFixedCellSize();
-        double computedHeight = fixedCellSize != Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE ?
-                fixedCellSize * itemsCount + snapVerticalInsets() : estimateHeight();
-        double height = super.computePrefHeight(width, topInset, rightInset, bottomInset, leftInset);
-        if (height > computedHeight) {
-            height = computedHeight;
-        }
-
-        if (getSkinnable().getMaxHeight() > 0 && computedHeight > getSkinnable().getMaxHeight()) {
-            return getSkinnable().getMaxHeight();
-        }
-
-        return height;
-    }
-
-    private double estimateHeight() {
-        // compute the border/padding for the list
-        double borderWidth = snapVerticalInsets();
-        // compute the gap between list cells
-
-        JFXListView<T> listview = (JFXListView<T>) getSkinnable();
-        double gap = listview.isExpanded() ? ((JFXListView<T>) getSkinnable()).getVerticalGap() * (getSkinnable().getItems()
-                .size()) : 0;
-        // compute the height of each list cell
-        double cellsHeight = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < flow.getCellCount(); i++) {
-            ListCell<T> cell = flow.getCell(i);
-            cellsHeight += cell.getHeight();
-        }
-        return cellsHeight + gap + borderWidth;
-    }
-
-    private double snapVerticalInsets() {
-        return getSkinnable().snappedBottomInset() + getSkinnable().snappedTopInset();
-    }
-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 JFoenix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+ * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXPopup;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXPopup.PopupHPosition;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXPopup.PopupVPosition;
+import com.jfoenix.effects.JFXDepthManager;
+import javafx.animation.*;
+import javafx.animation.Animation.Status;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.Skin;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.Motion;
+
+/// # Material Design Popup Skin
+/// TODO: REWORK
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 2.0
+/// @since 2017-03-01
+public class JFXPopupSkin implements Skin<JFXPopup> {
+
+    protected JFXPopup control;
+    protected StackPane container = new StackPane();
+    protected Region popupContent;
+    protected Node root;
+
+    private Animation animation;
+    protected Scale scale;
+
+    public JFXPopupSkin(JFXPopup control) {
+        this.control = control;
+        // set scale y to 0.01 instead of 0 to allow layout of the content,
+        // otherwise it will cause exception in traverse engine, when focusing the 1st node
+        scale = new Scale(1.0, 0.01, 0, 0);
+        popupContent = control.getPopupContent();
+        container.getStyleClass().add("jfx-popup-container");
+        container.getChildren().add(popupContent);
+        container.getTransforms().add(scale);
+        container.setOpacity(0);
+        root = JFXDepthManager.createMaterialNode(container, 4);
+        animation = AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled() ? getAnimation() : null;
+    }
+
+    public void reset(PopupVPosition vAlign, PopupHPosition hAlign, double offsetX, double offsetY) {
+        // postion the popup according to its animation
+        scale.setPivotX(hAlign == PopupHPosition.RIGHT ? container.getWidth() : 0);
+        scale.setPivotY(vAlign == PopupVPosition.BOTTOM ? container.getHeight() : 0);
+        control.setX(control.getX() + (hAlign == PopupHPosition.RIGHT ? -container.getWidth() + offsetX : offsetX));
+        control.setY(control.getY() + (vAlign == PopupVPosition.BOTTOM ? -container.getHeight() + offsetY : offsetY));
+    }
+
+    public final void animate() {
+        if (animation != null) {
+            if (animation.getStatus() == Status.STOPPED) {
+                container.setOpacity(1);
+                animation.playFromStart();
+            }
+        } else {
+            container.setOpacity(1);
+            popupContent.setOpacity(1);
+            scale.setX(1.0);
+            scale.setY(1.0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JFXPopup getSkinnable() {
+        return control;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Node getNode() {
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dispose() {
+        if (animation != null) {
+            animation.stop();
+            animation = null;
+        }
+        container = null;
+        control = null;
+        popupContent = null;
+        root = null;
+    }
+
+    protected Animation getAnimation() {
+        Interpolator interpolator = Motion.EASE;
+        return new Timeline(
+                new KeyFrame(
+                        Duration.ZERO,
+                        new KeyValue(popupContent.opacityProperty(), 0, interpolator),
+                        new KeyValue(scale.xProperty(), 0, interpolator),
+                        new KeyValue(scale.yProperty(), 0, interpolator)
+                ),
+                new KeyFrame(Motion.SHORT4,
+                        new KeyValue(popupContent.opacityProperty(), 0, interpolator),
+                        new KeyValue(scale.xProperty(), 1, interpolator)
+                ),
+                new KeyFrame(Motion.MEDIUM2,
+                        new KeyValue(popupContent.opacityProperty(), 1, interpolator),
+                        new KeyValue(scale.yProperty(), 1, interpolator)
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void init() {
+        if (animation != null)
+            animation.stop();
+        container.setOpacity(0);
+        scale.setX(1.0);
+        scale.setY(0.01);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXProgressBar;
+import com.jfoenix.utils.TreeShowingProperty;
+import javafx.animation.*;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.control.SkinBase;
+import javafx.scene.layout.*;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
+
+/// # Material Design ProgressBar Skin
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 2.0
+/// @since 2017-10-06
+public class JFXProgressBarSkin extends SkinBase<JFXProgressBar> {
+
+    private static final double DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 4;
+
+    private final StackPane track;
+    private final StackPane bar;
+    private final Rectangle clip;
+    private Animation transition;
+    private final TreeShowingProperty treeShowingProperty;
+    private double fullWidth;
+
+    public JFXProgressBarSkin(JFXProgressBar control) {
+        super(control);
+
+        this.treeShowingProperty = new TreeShowingProperty(control);
+
+        registerChangeListener(treeShowingProperty, obs -> updateProgress(false));
+        registerChangeListener(control.progressProperty(), obs -> updateProgress(true));
+
+        track = new StackPane();
+        track.getStyleClass().setAll("track");
+
+        bar = new StackPane();
+        bar.getStyleClass().setAll("bar");
+
+        clip = new Rectangle();
+        clip.setArcWidth(DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
+        clip.setArcHeight(DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
+        bar.setClip(clip);
+
+        getChildren().setAll(track, bar);
+
+        getSkinnable().requestLayout();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double computeBaselineOffset(double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        return Node.BASELINE_OFFSET_SAME_AS_HEIGHT;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefWidth(double height, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        return Math.max(100, leftInset + bar.prefWidth(getSkinnable().getWidth()) + rightInset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefHeight(double width, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        return topInset + DEFAULT_HEIGHT + bottomInset;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxWidth(double height, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        return getSkinnable().prefWidth(height);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxHeight(double width, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        return getSkinnable().prefHeight(width);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
+        track.resizeRelocate(x, y, w, h);
+        bar.resizeRelocate(x, y, w, h);
+
+        clip.relocate(0, 0);
+        clip.setWidth(0);
+        clip.setHeight(h);
+        clip.setTranslateX(0);
+
+        fullWidth = w;
+
+        clearAnimation();
+        updateProgress(false);
+    }
+
+    private boolean wasIndeterminate = false;
+
+    private void updateProgress(boolean playProgressAnimation) {
+        double progress = Math.min(getSkinnable().getProgress(), 1.0);
+        boolean isIndeterminate = progress < 0.0;
+        boolean isTreeShowing = treeShowingProperty.get();
+
+        if (isIndeterminate != wasIndeterminate) {
+            wasIndeterminate = isIndeterminate;
+            clearAnimation();
+            clip.setTranslateX(0);
+        }
+
+        if (isIndeterminate) { // indeterminate
+            if (isTreeShowing) {
+                if (transition == null) {
+                    transition = createIndeterminateTransition();
+                    transition.playFromStart();
+                } else {
+                    transition.play();
+                }
+            } else if (transition != null) {
+                transition.pause();
+            }
+        } else { // determinate
+            clearAnimation();
+            if (isTreeShowing && playProgressAnimation
+                    && AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled()
+                    && getSkinnable().isSmoothProgress()) {
+                transition = createDeterminateTransition(progress);
+                transition.playFromStart();
+            } else {
+                clip.setWidth(computeBarWidth(progress));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final Duration INDETERMINATE_DURATION = Duration.seconds(1);
+
+    private Transition createIndeterminateTransition() {
+        double minWidth = 0;
+        double maxWidth = fullWidth * 0.4;
+        Transition transition = new Transition() {
+            {
+                setInterpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR);
+                setCycleDuration(INDETERMINATE_DURATION);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void interpolate(double frac) {
+                double currentWidth;
+
+                if (frac <= 0.5) {
+                    currentWidth = Interpolator.EASE_IN.interpolate(minWidth, maxWidth, frac / 0.5);
+                } else {
+                    currentWidth = Interpolator.EASE_OUT.interpolate(maxWidth, minWidth, (frac - 0.5) / 0.5);
+                }
+
+                double targetCenter;
+                if (frac <= 0.1) {
+                    targetCenter = 0.0;
+                } else if (frac >= 0.9) {
+                    targetCenter = fullWidth;
+                } else {
+                    targetCenter = ((frac - 0.1) / 0.8) * fullWidth;
+                }
+
+                clip.setWidth(currentWidth);
+                clip.setTranslateX(targetCenter - currentWidth / 2.0);
+            }
+        };
+
+        transition.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
+        return transition;
+    }
+
+    private static final Duration DETERMINATE_DURATION = Duration.seconds(0.2);
+
+    private Timeline createDeterminateTransition(double targetProgress) {
+        Timeline timeline = new Timeline(
+                new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
+                        new KeyValue(clip.widthProperty(), clip.getWidth(), Interpolator.EASE_OUT)),
+                new KeyFrame(DETERMINATE_DURATION,
+                        new KeyValue(clip.widthProperty(), computeBarWidth(targetProgress), Interpolator.EASE_OUT))
+        );
+        timeline.setOnFinished(e -> {
+            if (transition == timeline) {
+                transition = null;
+            }
+        });
+        return timeline;
+    }
+
+    private void clearAnimation() {
+        if (transition != null) {
+            transition.stop();
+            transition = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+        treeShowingProperty.dispose();
+        clearAnimation();
+    }
+
+    private double computeBarWidth(double progress) {
+        assert progress >= 0 && progress <= 1;
+        double barWidth = ((int) fullWidth * 2 * progress) / 2.0;
+        return progress > 0 ? Math.max(barWidth, DEFAULT_HEIGHT) : barWidth;
+    }
+}
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
 import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
 import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
 import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
 import javafx.geometry.HPos;
 import javafx.geometry.Insets;
 import javafx.geometry.VPos;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
 import javafx.scene.text.Text;
 import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;

 public class JFXRadioButtonSkin extends RadioButtonSkin {
@@ -58,7 +60,12 @@ public class JFXRadioButtonSkin extends RadioButtonSkin {
        AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(this.rippler, this.labelOffset);

        this.updateChildren();
-        control.focusedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
+        ReadOnlyBooleanProperty focusVisibleProperty = FXUtils.focusVisibleProperty(control);
+        if (focusVisibleProperty == null) {
+            focusVisibleProperty = control.focusedProperty();
+        }
+
+        focusVisibleProperty.addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> {
            if (newVal) {
                if (!this.getSkinnable().isPressed()) {
                    this.rippler.showOverlay();
@@ -66,7 +73,6 @@ public class JFXRadioButtonSkin extends RadioButtonSkin {
            } else {
                this.rippler.hideOverlay();
            }
-
        });
        control.pressedProperty().addListener((o, oldVal, newVal) -> this.rippler.hideOverlay());
        this.registerChangeListener(control.selectedColorProperty(), ignored -> updateColors());
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXSlider;
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXSlider.IndicatorPosition;
+import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
+import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.css.PseudoClass;
+import javafx.geometry.Orientation;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis;
+import javafx.scene.control.Slider;
+import javafx.scene.control.skin.SliderSkin;
+import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.text.Text;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+
+/// # Material Design Slider Skin
+///
+/// rework of JFXSliderSkin by extending Java SliderSkin
+/// this solves padding and resizing issues
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2016-03-09
+public class JFXSliderSkin extends SliderSkin {
+
+    private static final PseudoClass MIN_VALUE = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("min");
+    private static final PseudoClass MAX_VALUE = PseudoClass.getPseudoClass("max");
+
+    private final Pane mouseHandlerPane = new Pane();
+    private final Text sliderValue;
+    private final StackPane coloredTrack;
+    private final StackPane thumb;
+    private final StackPane track;
+    private final StackPane animatedThumb;
+    private NumberAxis tickLine;
+
+    private Timeline timeline;
+
+    private double indicatorRotation;
+    private double horizontalRotation;
+    private double shifting;
+
+    public JFXSliderSkin(JFXSlider slider) {
+        super(slider);
+
+        track = (StackPane) getSkinnable().lookup(".track");
+        thumb = (StackPane) getSkinnable().lookup(".thumb");
+        tickLine = (NumberAxis) getSkinnable().lookup(".axis");
+        if (tickLine != null) tickLine.setAnimated(false);
+
+        coloredTrack = new StackPane();
+        coloredTrack.getStyleClass().add("colored-track");
+        coloredTrack.setMouseTransparent(true);
+
+        sliderValue = new Text();
+        sliderValue.getStyleClass().setAll("slider-value");
+
+        animatedThumb = new StackPane();
+        animatedThumb.getStyleClass().add("animated-thumb");
+        animatedThumb.getChildren().add(sliderValue);
+        animatedThumb.setMouseTransparent(true);
+        animatedThumb.setScaleX(0);
+        animatedThumb.setScaleY(0);
+
+        thumb.layoutXProperty().addListener(x -> {
+            if (slider.getOrientation() == Orientation.VERTICAL) initAnimation(Orientation.VERTICAL);
+        });
+        thumb.layoutYProperty().addListener(y -> {
+            if (slider.getOrientation() == Orientation.HORIZONTAL) initAnimation(Orientation.HORIZONTAL);
+        });
+
+        addJFXChildren();
+        getChildren().addListener((ListChangeListener<Node>) c -> {
+            while (c.next()) {
+                if (c.wasAdded()) {
+                    c.getAddedSubList().forEach(added -> {
+                        if (added instanceof NumberAxis) {
+                            tickLine = (NumberAxis) added;
+                            tickLine.setAnimated(false);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        registerChangeListener(slider.showTickMarksProperty(), e -> addJFXChildren());
+        registerChangeListener(slider.showTickLabelsProperty(), e -> addJFXChildren());
+        registerChangeListener(slider.valueFactoryProperty(), obs -> refreshSliderValueBinding());
+
+        initListeners();
+    }
+
+    private void addJFXChildren() {
+        ObservableList<Node> children = getChildren();
+        Slider slider = getSkinnable();
+        if ((slider.isShowTickMarks() || slider.isShowTickLabels()) && tickLine != null && !children.contains(tickLine)) {
+            children.add(0, tickLine);
+        }
+        if (children.contains(coloredTrack)) return;
+        children.add(children.indexOf(thumb), coloredTrack);
+        children.add(children.indexOf(thumb), animatedThumb);
+        children.add(0, mouseHandlerPane);
+    }
+
+    private void refreshSliderValueBinding() {
+        sliderValue.textProperty().unbind();
+        if (((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()).getValueFactory() != null) {
+            sliderValue.textProperty()
+                    .bind(((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()).getValueFactory().call((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()));
+        } else {
+            sliderValue.textProperty().bind(Bindings.createStringBinding(() -> {
+                if (getSkinnable().getLabelFormatter() != null) {
+                    return getSkinnable().getLabelFormatter().toString(getSkinnable().getValue());
+                } else {
+                    return String.valueOf(Math.round(getSkinnable().getValue()));
+                }
+            }, getSkinnable().valueProperty()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
+        super.layoutChildren(x, y, w, h);
+
+        if (timeline == null) {
+            initAnimation(getSkinnable().getOrientation());
+        }
+
+        double prefWidth = animatedThumb.prefWidth(-1);
+        animatedThumb.resize(prefWidth, animatedThumb.prefHeight(prefWidth));
+
+        boolean horizontal = getSkinnable().getOrientation() == Orientation.HORIZONTAL;
+        double width, height, layoutX, layoutY;
+        if (horizontal) {
+            width = thumb.getLayoutX() - snappedLeftInset();
+            height = track.getHeight();
+            layoutX = track.getLayoutX();
+            layoutY = track.getLayoutY();
+            animatedThumb.setLayoutX(thumb.getLayoutX() + thumb.getWidth() / 2 - animatedThumb.getWidth() / 2);
+        } else {
+            height = track.getLayoutBounds().getMaxY() + track.getLayoutY() - thumb.getLayoutY() - snappedBottomInset();
+            width = track.getWidth();
+            layoutX = track.getLayoutX();
+            layoutY = thumb.getLayoutY();
+            animatedThumb.setLayoutY(thumb.getLayoutY() + thumb.getHeight() / 2 - animatedThumb.getHeight() / 2);
+        }
+
+        coloredTrack.resizeRelocate(layoutX, layoutY, width, height);
+        mouseHandlerPane.resizeRelocate(x, y, w, h);
+    }
+
+    private void initializeVariables() {
+        shifting = 30 + thumb.getWidth();
+        if (getSkinnable().getOrientation() != Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
+            horizontalRotation = -90;
+        }
+        if (((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()).getIndicatorPosition() != IndicatorPosition.LEFT) {
+            indicatorRotation = 180;
+            shifting = -shifting;
+        }
+        final double rotationAngle = 45;
+        sliderValue.setRotate(rotationAngle + indicatorRotation + 3 * horizontalRotation);
+        animatedThumb.setRotate(-rotationAngle + indicatorRotation + horizontalRotation);
+    }
+
+    private void initListeners() {
+        // delegate slider mouse events to track node
+        mouseHandlerPane.setOnMousePressed(this::delegateToTrack);
+        mouseHandlerPane.setOnMouseReleased(this::delegateToTrack);
+        mouseHandlerPane.setOnMouseDragged(this::delegateToTrack);
+
+        // animate value node
+        track.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED, (event) -> {
+            timeline.setRate(1);
+            timeline.play();
+        });
+        track.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, (event) -> {
+            timeline.setRate(-1);
+            timeline.play();
+        });
+        thumb.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED, (event) -> {
+            timeline.setRate(1);
+            timeline.play();
+        });
+        thumb.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, (event) -> {
+            timeline.setRate(-1);
+            timeline.play();
+        });
+
+        refreshSliderValueBinding();
+        updateValueStyleClass();
+
+        getSkinnable().valueProperty().addListener(observable -> updateValueStyleClass());
+    }
+
+    private void delegateToTrack(MouseEvent event) {
+        if (!event.isConsumed()) {
+            event.consume();
+            track.fireEvent(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateValueStyleClass() {
+        getSkinnable().pseudoClassStateChanged(MIN_VALUE, getSkinnable().getMin() == getSkinnable().getValue());
+        getSkinnable().pseudoClassStateChanged(MAX_VALUE, getSkinnable().getMax() == getSkinnable().getValue());
+    }
+
+    private void initAnimation(Orientation orientation) {
+        initializeVariables();
+
+        double thumbPos, thumbNewPos;
+        DoubleProperty layoutProperty;
+
+        if (orientation == Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
+            if (((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()).getIndicatorPosition() == IndicatorPosition.RIGHT) {
+                thumbPos = thumb.getLayoutY() - thumb.getHeight();
+                thumbNewPos = thumbPos - shifting;
+            } else {
+                double height = animatedThumb.prefHeight(animatedThumb.prefWidth(-1));
+                thumbPos = thumb.getLayoutY() - height / 2;
+                thumbNewPos = thumb.getLayoutY() - height - thumb.getHeight();
+            }
+            layoutProperty = animatedThumb.translateYProperty();
+        } else {
+            if (((JFXSlider) getSkinnable()).getIndicatorPosition() == IndicatorPosition.RIGHT) {
+                thumbPos = thumb.getLayoutX() - thumb.getWidth();
+                thumbNewPos = thumbPos - shifting;
+            } else {
+                double width = animatedThumb.prefWidth(-1);
+                thumbPos = thumb.getLayoutX() - width / 2;
+                thumbNewPos = thumb.getLayoutX() - width - thumb.getWidth();
+            }
+            layoutProperty = animatedThumb.translateXProperty();
+        }
+
+        clearAnimation();
+
+        timeline = new Timeline(
+                new KeyFrame(
+                        Duration.ZERO,
+                        new KeyValue(animatedThumb.scaleXProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                        new KeyValue(animatedThumb.scaleYProperty(), 0, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                        new KeyValue(layoutProperty, thumbPos, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)),
+                new KeyFrame(
+                        Duration.seconds(0.2),
+                        new KeyValue(animatedThumb.scaleXProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                        new KeyValue(animatedThumb.scaleYProperty(), 1, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH),
+                        new KeyValue(layoutProperty, thumbNewPos, Interpolator.EASE_BOTH)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+        clearAnimation();
+    }
+
+    private void clearAnimation() {
+        if (timeline != null) {
+            timeline.stop();
+            timeline.getKeyFrames().clear();
+            timeline = null;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.skins;
+
+import com.jfoenix.controls.JFXSpinner;
+import com.jfoenix.utils.TreeShowingProperty;
+import javafx.animation.Interpolator;
+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
+import javafx.scene.Group;
+import javafx.scene.control.SkinBase;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
+import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Arc;
+import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
+import javafx.scene.shape.StrokeLineCap;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/// JFXSpinner material design skin
+///
+/// @author Shadi Shaheen & Gerard Moubarak
+/// @version 1.0
+/// @since 2017-09-25
+public class JFXSpinnerSkin extends SkinBase<JFXSpinner> {
+
+    private static final double DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4;
+
+    private JFXSpinner control;
+    private final TreeShowingProperty treeShowingProperty;
+    private boolean isValid = false;
+
+    private Timeline timeline;
+    private Arc arc;
+    private Arc track;
+    private final StackPane arcPane;
+    private final Rectangle fillRect;
+
+    private final double startingAngle;
+
+    public JFXSpinnerSkin(JFXSpinner control) {
+        super(control);
+
+        this.control = control;
+        this.treeShowingProperty = new TreeShowingProperty(control);
+        this.startingAngle = control.getStartingAngle();
+
+        arc = new Arc();
+        arc.setManaged(false);
+        arc.setLength(180);
+        arc.getStyleClass().setAll("arc");
+        arc.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
+        arc.setStrokeWidth(DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH);
+        arc.setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.ROUND);
+
+        track = new Arc();
+        track.setManaged(false);
+        track.setLength(360);
+        track.setStrokeWidth(DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH);
+        track.getStyleClass().setAll("track");
+        track.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
+
+        fillRect = new Rectangle();
+        fillRect.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
+        final Group group = new Group(fillRect, track, arc);
+        group.setManaged(false);
+        arcPane = new StackPane(group);
+        arcPane.setPrefSize(50, 50);
+        getChildren().setAll(arcPane);
+
+        // register listeners
+        registerChangeListener(control.progressProperty(), obs -> updateProgress());
+        registerChangeListener(treeShowingProperty, obs -> updateProgress());
+    }
+
+    private void updateProgress() {
+        double progress = Double.min(getSkinnable().getProgress(), 1.0);
+        if (progress < 0) { // indeterminate
+            boolean treeShowing = treeShowingProperty.get();
+            if (treeShowing) {
+                if (timeline == null) {
+                    timeline = createTransition();
+                    timeline.playFromStart();
+                } else {
+                    timeline.play();
+                }
+            } else if (timeline != null) {
+                timeline.pause();
+            }
+        } else { // determinate
+            clearAnimation();
+            arc.setStartAngle(90);
+            arc.setLength(-360 * progress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private double computeSize() {
+        return control.getRadius() * 2 + arc.getStrokeWidth() * 2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxHeight(double width, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        if (Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE == control.getRadius()) {
+            return super.computeMaxHeight(width, topInset, rightInset, bottomInset, leftInset);
+        } else {
+            return computeSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computeMaxWidth(double height, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        if (Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE == control.getRadius()) {
+            return super.computeMaxWidth(height, topInset, rightInset, bottomInset, leftInset);
+        } else {
+            return computeSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefWidth(double height, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        if (Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE == control.getRadius()) {
+            return arcPane.prefWidth(-1);
+        } else {
+            return computeSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double computePrefHeight(double width, double topInset, double rightInset, double bottomInset, double leftInset) {
+        if (Region.USE_COMPUTED_SIZE == control.getRadius()) {
+            return arcPane.prefHeight(-1);
+        } else {
+            return computeSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void layoutChildren(double contentX, double contentY, double contentWidth, double contentHeight) {
+        final double strokeWidth = arc.getStrokeWidth();
+        double radius = control.getRadius();
+        final double arcSize = snapSizeX(radius * 2 + strokeWidth);
+
+        arcPane.resizeRelocate((contentWidth - arcSize) / 2 + 1, (contentHeight - arcSize) / 2 + 1, arcSize, arcSize);
+        updateArcLayout(radius, arcSize);
+
+        fillRect.setWidth(arcSize);
+        fillRect.setHeight(arcSize);
+
+        if (!isValid) {
+            updateProgress();
+            isValid = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateArcLayout(double radius, double arcSize) {
+        arc.setRadiusX(radius);
+        arc.setRadiusY(radius);
+        arc.setCenterX(arcSize / 2);
+        arc.setCenterY(arcSize / 2);
+
+        track.setRadiusX(radius);
+        track.setRadiusY(radius);
+        track.setCenterX(arcSize / 2);
+        track.setCenterY(arcSize / 2);
+        track.setStrokeWidth(arc.getStrokeWidth());
+    }
+
+    private void addKeyFrames(List<KeyFrame> frames, double angle, double duration) {
+        frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
+                        angle + 45 + startingAngle,
+                        Interpolator.LINEAR)));
+        frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 0.4),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
+                        angle + 90 + startingAngle,
+                        Interpolator.LINEAR)));
+        frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 0.7),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 250, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
+                        angle + 135 + startingAngle,
+                        Interpolator.LINEAR)));
+        frames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(duration + 1.1),
+                new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
+                        angle + 435 + startingAngle,
+                        Interpolator.LINEAR)));
+    }
+
+    private Timeline createTransition() {
+        Timeline timeline;
+        if (AnimationUtils.isAnimationEnabled()) {
+            var keyFrames = new ArrayList<KeyFrame>(17);
+            addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 0, 0);
+            addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 450, 1.4);
+            addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 900, 2.8);
+            addKeyFrames(keyFrames, 1350, 4.2);
+            keyFrames.add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(5.6),
+                    new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), 5, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                    new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(),
+                            1845 + startingAngle,
+                            Interpolator.LINEAR)));
+
+            timeline = new Timeline();
+            timeline.getKeyFrames().setAll(keyFrames);
+        } else {
+            final double arcLength = 250;
+            timeline = new Timeline(
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.ZERO,
+                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), 45 + startingAngle, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                            new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), arcLength, Interpolator.DISCRETE)),
+                    new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(1.2),
+                            new KeyValue(arc.startAngleProperty(), 45 + 360 + startingAngle, Interpolator.LINEAR),
+                            new KeyValue(arc.lengthProperty(), arcLength, Interpolator.DISCRETE))
+            );
+        }
+
+        timeline.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
+        return timeline;
+    }
+
+    private void clearAnimation() {
+        if (timeline != null) {
+            timeline.stop();
+            timeline = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dispose() {
+        super.dispose();
+        treeShowingProperty.dispose();
+        clearAnimation();
+        arc = null;
+        track = null;
+        control = null;
+    }
+}
@@ -19,13 +19,25 @@

 package com.jfoenix.utils;

+import javafx.beans.value.ObservableBooleanValue;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.Scene;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Background;
 import javafx.scene.layout.BackgroundFill;
 import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
 import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import javafx.stage.Window;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 /// @author Shadi Shaheen
 /// @version 1.0
@@ -58,6 +70,70 @@ public final class JFXNodeUtils {
        }
    }

+    private static final @NotNull Function<Node, ObservableBooleanValue> treeVisiblePropertyGetter = initTreeVisiblePropertyGetter();
+
+    private static @NotNull Function<Node, ObservableBooleanValue> initTreeVisiblePropertyGetter() {
+
+        MethodHandles.Lookup lookup;
+        try {
+            lookup = MethodHandles.privateLookupIn(Node.class, MethodHandles.lookup());
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to get private lookup for Node", e);
+            return JFXNodeUtils::defaultTreeVisibleProperty;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Method treeVisiblePropertyMethod = Node.class.getDeclaredMethod("treeVisibleProperty");
+            if (!ObservableBooleanValue.class.isAssignableFrom(treeVisiblePropertyMethod.getReturnType())) {
+                LOG.warning("Node.treeVisibleProperty() does not return ObservableBooleanValue: " + treeVisiblePropertyMethod.getReturnType());
+                return JFXNodeUtils::defaultTreeVisibleProperty;
+            }
+
+            MethodHandle handle = lookup.unreflect(treeVisiblePropertyMethod)
+                    .asType(MethodType.methodType(ObservableBooleanValue.class, Node.class));
+            return item -> {
+                try {
+                    return (ObservableBooleanValue) handle.invokeExact((Node) item);
+                } catch (RuntimeException | Error e) {
+                    throw e;
+                } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    throw new AssertionError("Unreachable", e);
+                }
+            };
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to get method handle for Node.treeVisibleProperty()", e);
+            return JFXNodeUtils::defaultTreeVisibleProperty;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If `Node.treeVisibleProperty()` does not exist, use `Node.visibleProperty()` as a fallback
+    private static @NotNull ObservableBooleanValue defaultTreeVisibleProperty(Node item) {
+        return item.visibleProperty();
+    }
+
+    public static @NotNull ObservableBooleanValue treeVisibleProperty(Node item) {
+        return treeVisiblePropertyGetter.apply(item);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isTreeVisible(Node item) {
+        return treeVisibleProperty(item).getValue();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isTreeShowing(Node node) {
+        if (node == null)
+            return false;
+
+        Scene scene = node.getScene();
+        if (scene == null)
+            return false;
+
+        Window window = scene.getWindow();
+        if (window == null || !window.isShowing())
+            return false;
+
+        return isTreeVisible(node);
+    }
+
    private JFXNodeUtils() {
    }

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package com.jfoenix.utils;
+
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanPropertyBase;
+import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
+import javafx.beans.value.ObservableBooleanValue;
+import javafx.scene.Node;
+import javafx.scene.Scene;
+import javafx.stage.Window;
+
+/**
+ * Used to observe changes in tree showing status for a {@link Node}.  For a Node's tree to be showing
+ * it must be visible, its ancestors must be visible, the node must be part of a {@link Scene} and
+ * the scene must have a {@link Window} which is currently showing.<p>
+ *
+ * This class provides the exact same functionality as {@link JFXNodeUtils#isTreeShowing(Node)} in
+ * an observable form.
+ */
+public class TreeShowingProperty extends ReadOnlyBooleanPropertyBase {
+    private final ChangeListener<Boolean> windowShowingChangedListener = (obs, old, current) -> updateTreeShowing();
+    private final ChangeListener<Window> sceneWindowChangedListener = (obs, old, current) -> windowChanged(old, current);
+    private final ChangeListener<Scene> nodeSceneChangedListener = (obs, old, current) -> sceneChanged(old, current);
+
+    private final Node node;
+    private final ObservableBooleanValue treeVisibleProperty;
+
+    private boolean valid;
+    private boolean treeShowing;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new instance.
+     *
+     * @param node a {@link Node} for which the tree showing status should be observed, cannot be null
+     */
+    public TreeShowingProperty(Node node) {
+        this.node = node;
+        this.treeVisibleProperty = JFXNodeUtils.treeVisibleProperty(node);
+
+        this.node.sceneProperty().addListener(nodeSceneChangedListener);
+        this.treeVisibleProperty.addListener(windowShowingChangedListener);
+
+        sceneChanged(null, node.getScene());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getBean() {
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return "treeShowing";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cleans up any listeners that this class may have registered on the {@link Node}
+     * that was supplied at construction.
+     */
+    public void dispose() {
+        node.sceneProperty().removeListener(nodeSceneChangedListener);
+
+        if (treeVisibleProperty != null)
+            treeVisibleProperty.removeListener(windowShowingChangedListener);
+
+        valid = false;  // prevents unregistration from triggering an invalidation notification
+        sceneChanged(node.getScene(), null);
+    }
+
+    protected void invalidate() {
+        if (valid) {
+            valid = false;
+            fireValueChangedEvent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean get() {
+        if (!valid) {
+            updateTreeShowing();
+            valid = true;
+        }
+
+        return treeShowing;
+    }
+
+    private void sceneChanged(Scene oldScene, Scene newScene) {
+        if (oldScene != null) {
+            oldScene.windowProperty().removeListener(sceneWindowChangedListener);
+        }
+        if (newScene != null) {
+            newScene.windowProperty().addListener(sceneWindowChangedListener);
+        }
+
+        windowChanged(
+                oldScene == null ? null : oldScene.getWindow(),
+                newScene == null ? null : newScene.getWindow()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void windowChanged(Window oldWindow, Window newWindow) {
+        if (oldWindow != null) {
+            oldWindow.showingProperty().removeListener(windowShowingChangedListener);
+        }
+        if (newWindow != null) {
+            newWindow.showingProperty().addListener(windowShowingChangedListener);
+        }
+
+        updateTreeShowing();
+    }
+
+    private void updateTreeShowing() {
+        boolean newValue = JFXNodeUtils.isTreeShowing(node);
+
+        if (newValue != treeShowing) {
+            treeShowing = newValue;
+            invalidate();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;

+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
@@ -47,13 +48,17 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("http.agent", "HMCL/" + Metadata.VERSION);

        createHMCLDirectories();
-        LOG.start(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("logs"));
+        LOG.start(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("logs"));
+
+        checkWine();

        setupJavaFXVMOptions();
-        checkDirectoryPath();

-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS && !isInsideMacAppBundle())
-            initIcon();
+        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+            System.getProperties().putIfAbsent("apple.awt.application.appearance", "system");
+            if (!isInsideMacAppBundle())
+                initIcon();
+        }

        checkJavaFX();
        verifyJavaFX();
@@ -135,29 +140,29 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
    }

    private static void createHMCLDirectories() {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY)) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME)) {
            try {
-                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
+                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
                    try {
-                        Files.setAttribute(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY, "dos:hidden", true);
+                        Files.setAttribute(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME, "dos:hidden", true);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        LOG.warning("Failed to set hidden attribute of " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY, e);
+                        LOG.warning("Failed to set hidden attribute of " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME, e);
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Logger has not been started yet, so print directly to System.err
-                System.err.println("Failed to create HMCL directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
+                System.err.println("Failed to create HMCL directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
-                showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.create_hmcl_current_directory_failure", Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY));
+                showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.create_hmcl_current_directory_failure", Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME));
            }
        }

-        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY)) {
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME)) {
            try {
-                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
+                Files.createDirectories(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to create HMCL global directory " + Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY, e);
+                LOG.warning("Failed to create HMCL user home " + Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME, e);
            }
        }
    }
@@ -192,25 +197,12 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        }
    }

-    private static void checkDirectoryPath() {
-        String currentDir = System.getProperty("user.dir", "");
-        if (currentDir.contains("!")) {
-            LOG.error("The current working path contains an exclamation mark: " + currentDir);
-            // No Chinese translation because both Swing and JavaFX cannot render Chinese character properly when exclamation mark exists in the path.
-            showErrorAndExit("Exclamation mark(!) is not allowed in the path where HMCL is in.\n"
-                    + "The path is " + currentDir);
-        }
-    }
-
    private static void checkJavaFX() {
        try {
            SelfDependencyPatcher.patch();
        } catch (SelfDependencyPatcher.PatchException e) {
            LOG.error("Unable to patch JVM", e);
            showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.javafx.missing"));
-        } catch (SelfDependencyPatcher.IncompatibleVersionException e) {
-            LOG.error("Unable to patch JVM", e);
-            showErrorAndExit(i18n("fatal.javafx.incompatible"));
        } catch (CancellationException e) {
            LOG.error("User cancels downloading JavaFX", e);
            exit(0);
@@ -231,6 +223,20 @@ public final class EntryPoint {
        }
    }

+    private static void checkWine() {
+        if (OperatingSystem.isRunningUnderWine()) {
+            SwingUtils.initLookAndFeel();
+            LOG.warning("HMCL is running under Wine or its distributions!");
+
+            int result = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, i18n("fatal.wine_warning"), i18n("message.warning"), JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
+                    JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE, null, null, null);
+
+            if (result == JOptionPane.CANCEL_OPTION || result == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION) {
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
    private static void addEnableNativeAccess() {
        if (JavaRuntime.CURRENT_VERSION > 21) {
            try {
@@ -17,35 +17,37 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl;

+import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
+import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
+import javafx.animation.Timeline;
 import javafx.application.Application;
 import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
 import javafx.beans.value.ObservableBooleanValue;
 import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
 import javafx.scene.control.Alert;
 import javafx.scene.control.Alert.AlertType;
+import javafx.scene.control.Button;
 import javafx.scene.control.ButtonType;
 import javafx.scene.input.Clipboard;
 import javafx.scene.input.DataFormat;
 import javafx.stage.Screen;
 import javafx.stage.Stage;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SambaException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLCacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.Controllers;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.animation.AnimationUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateChecker;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.upgrade.UpdateHandler;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CrashReporter;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.CommandBuilder;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.NativeUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;

 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -63,10 +65,11 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 public final class Launcher extends Application {
    public static final CookieManager COOKIE_MANAGER = new CookieManager();
@@ -96,47 +99,51 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {

        try {
            try {
-                ConfigHolder.init();
+                SettingsManager.init();
+                initializeSettingsRuntime();
            } catch (SambaException e) {
                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.samba"));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOG.error("Failed to load config", e);
                checkConfigInTempDir();
                checkConfigOwner();
-                showAlert(AlertType.ERROR, i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", ConfigHolder.configLocation().getParent()));
+                showAlert(AlertType.ERROR, i18n("fatal.config_loading_failure", SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory()));
                EntryPoint.exit(1);
            }

            // https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/app-translocation.html
            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS
-                    && ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated()
+                    && SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated()
                    && System.getProperty("user.dir").startsWith("/private/var/folders/")) {
-                if (showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.mac_app_translocation"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO)
+                if (!confirmWithCountdown(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.mac_app_translocation"), 5))
                    return;
            } else {
                checkConfigInTempDir();
            }

-            if (ConfigHolder.isOwnerChanged()) {
+            if (SettingsManager.isOwnerChanged()) {
                if (showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_change_owner_root"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO)
                    return;
            }

-            if (ConfigHolder.isUnsupportedVersion()) {
+            if (SettingsManager.hasReadOnlyCoreSettings()) {
                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_unsupported_version"));
            }

-            if (Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
+            if (Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
                showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.illegal_char"));
            }

-            // runLater to ensure ConfigHolder.init() finished initialization
+            // runLater to ensure SettingsManager.init() finished initialization
            Platform.runLater(() -> {
                // When launcher visibility is set to "hide and reopen" without Platform.implicitExit = false,
                // Stage.show() cannot work again because JavaFX Toolkit have already shut down.
                Platform.setImplicitExit(false);
                Controllers.initialize(primaryStage);

+                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS)
+                    Themes.applyNativeDarkMode(primaryStage);
+
                UpdateChecker.init();

                primaryStage.show();
@@ -146,6 +153,26 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        }
    }

+    /// Initializes modules and runtime services that depend on loaded settings.
+    private static void initializeSettingsRuntime() {
+        DownloadProviders.init();
+        ProxyManager.init();
+        Accounts.init();
+        GameDirectoryManager.init();
+        AuthlibInjectorServers.init();
+        AnimationUtils.init();
+
+        CacheRepository.setInstance(HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
+        HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY.directoryProperty().bind(Bindings.createStringBinding(() -> {
+            String commonDirectory = settings().getResolvedCommonDirectory();
+            if (commonDirectory != null && FileUtils.canCreateDirectory(commonDirectory)) {
+                return commonDirectory;
+            } else {
+                return LauncherSettings.getDefaultCommonDirectory();
+            }
+        }, settings().commonDirectoryProperty(), settings().commonDirectoryTypeProperty()));
+    }
+
    private static void appendScreen(StringBuilder builder, Screen screen) {
        Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getBounds();
        double scale = screen.getOutputScaleX();
@@ -182,8 +209,29 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
        return new Alert(alertType, contentText, buttons).showAndWait().orElse(null);
    }

+    private static boolean confirmWithCountdown(Alert.AlertType alertType, String contentText, int seconds) {
+        Alert alert = new Alert(alertType, contentText, ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO);
+        Button okButton = (Button) alert.getDialogPane().lookupButton(ButtonType.YES);
+
+        okButton.setDisable(true);
+
+        KeyFrame[] keyFrames = new KeyFrame[seconds + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++) {
+            keyFrames[i] = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(i),
+                    new KeyValue(okButton.textProperty(), i18n("button.ok.countdown", seconds - i)));
+        }
+        keyFrames[seconds] = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(seconds),
+                new KeyValue(okButton.textProperty(), i18n("button.ok")),
+                new KeyValue(okButton.disableProperty(), false));
+
+        Timeline timeline = new Timeline(keyFrames);
+        alert.setOnShown(e -> timeline.play());
+        alert.setOnCloseRequest(e -> timeline.stop());
+        return alert.showAndWait().orElse(null) == ButtonType.YES;
+    }
+
    private static boolean isConfigInTempDir() {
-        String configPath = ConfigHolder.configLocation().toString();
+        String configPath = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory().toString();

        String tmpdir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tmpdir) && configPath.startsWith(tmpdir))
@@ -220,8 +268,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
    }

    private static void checkConfigInTempDir() {
-        if (ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated() && isConfigInTempDir()
-                && showAlert(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_in_temp_dir"), ButtonType.YES, ButtonType.NO) == ButtonType.NO) {
+        if (SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated() && isConfigInTempDir()
+                && !confirmWithCountdown(AlertType.WARNING, i18n("fatal.config_in_temp_dir"), 5)) {
            EntryPoint.exit(0);
        }
    }
@@ -231,29 +279,32 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
            return;

        String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
+        Path configDirectory = SettingsManager.localConfigDirectory();
+        if (!Files.exists(configDirectory)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
        String owner;
        try {
-            owner = Files.getOwner(ConfigHolder.configLocation()).getName();
+            owner = Files.getOwner(configDirectory).getName();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            LOG.warning("Failed to get file owner", ioe);
            return;
        }

-        if (Files.isWritable(ConfigHolder.configLocation()) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
+        if (Files.isWritable(configDirectory) || userName.equals("root") || userName.equals(owner))
            return;

        ArrayList<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
-        files.add(ConfigHolder.configLocation().toString());
-        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY))
-            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.toString());
-        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY))
-            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.toString());
+        files.add(configDirectory.toString());
+        if (Files.exists(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME))
+            files.add(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.toString());

        Path mcDir = Paths.get(".minecraft").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
        if (Files.exists(mcDir))
            files.add(mcDir.toString());

-        String command = new CommandBuilder().add("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
+        String command = new CommandBuilder().addAll("sudo", "chown", "-R", userName).addAll(files).toString();
        ButtonType copyAndExit = new ButtonType(i18n("button.copy_and_exit"));

        if (showAlert(AlertType.ERROR,
@@ -300,8 +351,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
            LOG.info("Java VM Version: " + System.getProperty("java.vm.name") + " (" + System.getProperty("java.vm.info") + "), " + System.getProperty("java.vm.vendor"));
            LOG.info("Java Home: " + System.getProperty("java.home"));
            LOG.info("Current Directory: " + Metadata.CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
-            LOG.info("HMCL Global Directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
-            LOG.info("HMCL Current Directory: " + Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
+            LOG.info("HMCL User Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
+            LOG.info("HMCL Local Home: " + Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
            LOG.info("HMCL Jar Path: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(JarUtils.thisJarPath(), "Not Found"));
            LOG.info("HMCL Log File: " + Lang.requireNonNullElse(LOG.getLogFile(), "In Memory"));
            LOG.info("JVM Max Memory: " + MEGABYTES.formatBytes(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()));
@@ -321,6 +372,8 @@ public final class Launcher extends Application {
                LOG.info("XDG Current Desktop: " + System.getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"));
            }

+            LOG.info("Zlib Compatible: " + ZlibUtils.IS_ZLIB_COMPATIBLE);
+
            Lang.thread(SystemInfo::initialize, "Detection System Information", true);

            launch(Launcher.class, args);
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.EnumSet;

 /**
@@ -46,9 +45,9 @@ public final class Metadata {
    public static final int RECOMMENDED_JAVA_VERSION = 21;

    public static final String PUBLISH_URL = "https://hmcl.huangyuhui.net";
-    public static final String ABOUT_URL = PUBLISH_URL + "/about";
    public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL = PUBLISH_URL + "/download";
    public static final String HMCL_UPDATE_URL = System.getProperty("hmcl.update_source.override", PUBLISH_URL + "/api/update_link");
+    public static final String MANUAL_UPDATE_URL = "https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/releases";

    public static final String DOCS_URL = "https://docs.hmcl.net";
    public static final String CONTACT_URL = DOCS_URL + "/help.html";
@@ -59,34 +58,38 @@ public final class Metadata {
    public static final String BUILD_CHANNEL = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.type", "nightly");
    public static final String GITHUB_SHA = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.version.hash", null);

-    public static final Path CURRENT_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.dir")).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+    public static final Path CURRENT_DIRECTORY = Path.of(System.getProperty("user.dir")).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
    public static final Path MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("minecraft");
-    public static final Path HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY;
-    public static final Path HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY;
+    public static final Path HMCL_USER_HOME;
+    public static final Path HMCL_LOCAL_HOME;
    public static final Path DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY;

    static {
-        String hmclHome = System.getProperty("hmcl.home");
-        if (hmclHome == null) {
+        String hmclHome = System.getProperty("hmcl.home", System.getenv("HMCL_USER_HOME"));
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(hmclHome)) {
            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.isLinuxOrBSD()) {
                String xdgData = System.getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(xdgData)) {
-                    HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(xdgData, "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                    HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(xdgData, "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
                } else {
-                    HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".local", "share", "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+                    HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".local", "share", "hmcl").toAbsolutePath().normalize();
                }
            } else {
-                HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("hmcl");
+                HMCL_USER_HOME = OperatingSystem.getWorkingDirectory("hmcl");
            }
        } else {
-            HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY = Paths.get(hmclHome).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+            HMCL_USER_HOME = Path.of(hmclHome).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
        }

-        String hmclCurrentDir = System.getProperty("hmcl.dir");
-        HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY = hmclCurrentDir != null
-                ? Paths.get(hmclCurrentDir).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
+        String hmclCurrentDir = System.getProperty("hmcl.dir", System.getenv("HMCL_LOCAL_HOME"));
+        HMCL_LOCAL_HOME = StringUtils.isNotBlank(hmclCurrentDir)
+                ? Path.of(hmclCurrentDir).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
                : CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve(".hmcl");
-        DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY = HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("dependencies");
+
+        String hmclDependencies = System.getProperty("hmcl.dependencies.dir", System.getenv("HMCL_DEPENDENCIES_DIR"));
+        DEPENDENCIES_DIRECTORY = StringUtils.isNotBlank(hmclDependencies)
+                ? Path.of(hmclDependencies).toAbsolutePath().normalize()
+                : HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("dependencies");
    }

    public static boolean isStable() {
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.countly;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -21,17 +21,20 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AuthInfo;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.DefaultLauncher;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.ProcessListener;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.NativePatcher;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.CommandBuilder;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.ManagedProcess;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;

 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.*;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 /**
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
    }

    private void generateOptionsTxt() {
-        if (config().isDisableAutoGameOptions())
+        if (options.isDisableAutoGameOptions())
            return;

        Path runDir = repository.getRunDirectory(version.getId());
@@ -150,4 +153,60 @@ public final class HMCLGameLauncher extends DefaultLauncher {
        generateOptionsTxt();
        super.makeLaunchScript(scriptFile);
    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void appendJvmArgs(CommandBuilder result) {
+        super.appendJvmArgs(result);
+
+        if (options.isAllowAutoAgent()
+                && !options.isNoGeneratedJVMArgs()
+                && !options.isNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs()
+                && NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version, options.getJava().getParsedVersion())) {
+            LOG.info("Attempting to patch game with lwjgl-unsafe-agent");
+            try {
+                result.add("-javaagent:" + extractLwjglUnsafeAgent());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to extract lwjgl-unsafe-agent", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Path extractLwjglUnsafeAgent() throws IOException {
+        String agentVersion = JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version", null);
+        if (agentVersion == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Missing hmcl.lwjgl-unsafe-agent.version attribute");
+        }
+
+        Library library = new Library(new Artifact("org.glavo", "lwjgl-unsafe-agent", agentVersion));
+        String fileName = library.getArtifact().getFileName();
+
+        Path agentPath = repository.getLibraryFile(version, library).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        if (agentPath.toString().contains("=")) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid library path: " + agentPath);
+        }
+
+        byte[] bytes;
+        try (InputStream input = DefaultLauncher.class.getResourceAsStream("/assets/" + fileName)) {
+            if (input == null) {
+                throw new IOException("/assets/" + fileName + " not found");
+            }
+
+            bytes = input.readAllBytes();
+        }
+
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(agentPath)) {
+            try {
+                if (Files.size(agentPath) == bytes.length) {
+                    return agentPath;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to check size of " + agentPath, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Files.createDirectories(agentPath.getParent());
+        FileUtils.saveSafely(agentPath, output -> output.write(bytes));
+        return agentPath;
+    }
+
 }
@@ -17,25 +17,39 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import com.google.gson.Gson;
-import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;
+import javafx.beans.binding.StringBinding;
 import javafx.scene.image.Image;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.Event;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModAdviser;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModAdviser;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LauncherSettings;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DefaultIsolationType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameWindowType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LegacyGameSettingsMigrator;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectory;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ProxyType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingFileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettingsPresetID;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionIconType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionSetting;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
@@ -43,6 +57,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemInfo;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -54,53 +69,136 @@ import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

+/// HMCL game repository implementation backed by a GameDirectory and per-instance game settings.
+@NotNullByDefault
 public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
-    private final Profile profile;
+    /// References an optional game instance in a repository.
+    ///
+    /// @param repository the owning game repository
+    /// @param instanceId the game instance ID, or `null` when only repository context is available
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    public record InstanceReference(HMCLGameRepository repository, @Nullable String instanceId) {
+    }

-    // local version settings
-    private final Map<String, VersionSetting> localVersionSettings = new HashMap<>();
+    /// Directory under the version root that stores HMCL-managed instance metadata.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY = ".hmcl";
+
+    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance configuration files.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY = "config";
+
+    /// Directory under the instance metadata directory that stores instance state files.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY = "state";
+
+    /// Current file name for instance-specific game settings.
+    private static final String INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME = "instance-game-settings.json";
+
+    /// The persistent game directory for this repository.
+    private final GameDirectory gameDirectory;
+
+    /// The selected instance ID persisted for this repository's game directory.
+    private final StringBinding selectedInstance;
+
+    // instance game settings
+    private final Map<String, GameSettings.Instance> instanceGameSettings = new HashMap<>();
+    /// Instance IDs whose local game settings file has already been checked.
+    private final Set<String> loadedInstanceGameSettings = new HashSet<>();
+    private final Set<String> readOnlyInstanceGameSettings = new HashSet<>();
    private final Set<String> beingModpackVersions = new HashSet<>();

    public final EventManager<Event> onVersionIconChanged = new EventManager<>();

-    public HMCLGameRepository(Profile profile, Path baseDirectory) {
-        super(baseDirectory);
-        this.profile = profile;
+    /// Creates a repository backed by the given game directory.
+    public HMCLGameRepository(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        super(gameDirectory.getPath().toPath());
+        this.gameDirectory = gameDirectory;
+        this.selectedInstance = Bindings.stringValueAt(settings().getSelectedInstance(), gameDirectory.getId());
+        gameDirectory.pathProperty().addListener((a, b, newValue) -> changeDirectory(newValue.toPath()));
    }

-    public Profile getProfile() {
-        return profile;
+    /// Returns the persistent game directory for this repository.
+    public GameDirectory getGameDirectory() {
+        return gameDirectory;
    }

-    @Override
-    public GameDirectoryType getGameDirectoryType(String id) {
-        if (beingModpackVersions.contains(id) || isModpack(id)) {
-            return GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER;
-        } else {
-            return getVersionSetting(id).getGameDirType();
+    /// Returns the selected instance ID property for this repository's game directory.
+    public StringBinding selectedInstanceProperty() {
+        return selectedInstance;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected instance ID for this repository's game directory.
+    public @Nullable String getSelectedInstance() {
+        return selectedInstance.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the selected instance ID for this repository's game directory.
+    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable String instance) {
+        settings().setSelectedInstance(gameDirectory.getId(), instance);
+    }
+
+    /// Refreshes the selected instance ID after versions are loaded.
+    public void refreshSelectedInstance() {
+        @Nullable String selectedInstance = settings().getSelectedInstance(gameDirectory.getId());
+        @Nullable String refreshedInstance = selectedInstance;
+        if (!hasVersion(refreshedInstance)) {
+            refreshedInstance = getVersions().isEmpty() ? null : getVersions().iterator().next().getId();
        }
+        if (!Objects.equals(selectedInstance, refreshedInstance)) {
+            setSelectedInstance(refreshedInstance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a dependency manager using the currently selected download provider.
+    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency() {
+        return getDependency(DownloadProviders.getDownloadProvider());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a dependency manager using the given download provider.
+    public DefaultDependencyManager getDependency(DownloadProvider downloadProvider) {
+        return new DefaultDependencyManager(this, downloadProvider, HMCLCacheRepository.REPOSITORY);
    }

    @Override
    public Path getRunDirectory(String id) {
-        switch (getGameDirectoryType(id)) {
-            case VERSION_FOLDER:
-                return getVersionRoot(id);
-            case ROOT_FOLDER:
-                return super.getRunDirectory(id);
-            case CUSTOM:
-                try {
-                    return Path.of(getVersionSetting(id).getGameDir());
-                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
-                    return getVersionRoot(id);
-                }
-            default:
-                throw new AssertionError("Unreachable");
+        if (beingModpackVersions.contains(id) || isModpack(id)) {
+            return getVersionRoot(id);
        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance localSetting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        boolean useInstanceRunningDirectory =
+                localSetting != null && localSetting.getOverrideProperties().contains(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+
+        String runningDirectory = getSelectedRunningDirectory(localSetting, useInstanceRunningDirectory);
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(runningDirectory)) {
+            return useInstanceRunningDirectory ? getVersionRoot(id) : super.getRunDirectory(id);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return Path.of(runningDirectory);
+        } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
+            return getVersionRoot(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the running directory string selected by the current source.
+    private String getSelectedRunningDirectory(
+            @Nullable GameSettings.Instance localSetting,
+            boolean useInstanceRunningDirectory) {
+        if (useInstanceRunningDirectory) {
+            if (localSetting == null) {
+                return "";
+            }
+
+            //noinspection DataFlowIssue
+            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(localSetting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue(), "");
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Preset parent = getParentGameSettings(localSetting);
+        //noinspection DataFlowIssue
+        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(parent.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue(), "");
    }

    public Stream<Version> getDisplayVersions() {
@@ -112,14 +210,11 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {

    @Override
    protected void refreshVersionsImpl() {
-        localVersionSettings.clear();
+        instanceGameSettings.clear();
+        loadedInstanceGameSettings.clear();
+        readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.clear();
        super.refreshVersionsImpl();
-        versions.keySet().forEach(this::loadLocalVersionSetting);
-        versions.keySet().forEach(version -> {
-            if (isModpack(version)) {
-                specializeVersionSetting(version);
-            }
-        });
+        versions.keySet().forEach(this::loadInstanceGameSettings);

        try {
            Path file = getBaseDirectory().resolve("launcher_profiles.json");
@@ -147,6 +242,19 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        clean(getRunDirectory(id));
    }

+    /// Removes a version from disk and drops any cached instance settings for that version.
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeVersionFromDisk(String id) {
+        boolean removed = super.removeVersionFromDisk(id);
+        if (removed) {
+            instanceGameSettings.remove(id);
+            loadedInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
+            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
+            beingModpackVersions.remove(id);
+        }
+        return removed;
+    }
+
    public void duplicateVersion(String srcId, String dstId, boolean copySaves) throws IOException {
        Path srcDir = getVersionRoot(srcId);
        Path dstDir = getVersionRoot(dstId);
@@ -174,91 +282,287 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
        Files.copy(fromJson, toJson);

-        JsonUtils.writeToJsonFile(toJson, fromVersion.setId(dstId));
+        JsonUtils.writeToJsonFile(toJson, fromVersion.setId(dstId).setJar(dstId));

-        VersionSetting oldVersionSetting = getVersionSetting(srcId).clone();
-        GameDirectoryType originalGameDirType = oldVersionSetting.getGameDirType();
-        oldVersionSetting.setUsesGlobal(false);
-        oldVersionSetting.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
-        VersionSetting newVersionSetting = initLocalVersionSetting(dstId, oldVersionSetting);
-        saveVersionSetting(dstId);
+        boolean copyOriginalGameDir;
+        try {
+            copyOriginalGameDir = !Files.isSameFile(getRunDirectory(srcId), getVersionRoot(srcId));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            copyOriginalGameDir = true;
+        }

        Path srcGameDir = getRunDirectory(srcId);
+
+        GameSettings.Instance newGameSettings = copyInstanceGameSettings(srcId);
+        newGameSettings.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+        newGameSettings.runningDirectoryProperty().setValue("");
+        initInstanceGameSettings(dstId, newGameSettings);
+        saveGameSettingsSync(dstId);
+
        Path dstGameDir = getRunDirectory(dstId);

-        if (originalGameDirType != GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER)
+        if (copyOriginalGameDir)
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcGameDir, dstGameDir, path -> Modpack.acceptFile(path, blackList, null));
    }

-    private Path getLocalVersionSettingFile(String id) {
-        return getVersionRoot(id).resolve("hmclversion.cfg");
+    private GameSettings.Instance copyInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        if (setting != null) {
+            return JsonUtils.clone(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, setting, TypeToken.get(GameSettings.Instance.class));
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance copied = new GameSettings.Instance();
+        copied.parentProperty().setValue(getEffectiveGameSettings(id).getPreset().idProperty().getValue());
+        return copied;
    }

-    private void loadLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
-        Path file = getLocalVersionSettingFile(id);
-        if (Files.exists(file))
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed metadata directory under the version root.
+    ///
+    /// This directory stores instance-scoped files owned by HMCL.
+    public Path getInstanceMetadataDirectory(String id) {
+        return getVersionRoot(id).resolve(INSTANCE_METADATA_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed configuration directory under the instance metadata directory.
+    public Path getInstanceConfigDirectory(String id) {
+        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the HMCL-managed state directory under the instance metadata directory.
+    public Path getInstanceStateDirectory(String id) {
+        return getInstanceMetadataDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_STATE_DIRECTORY);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current local game settings path under the instance configuration directory.
+    private Path getInstanceGameSettingsFile(String id) {
+        return getInstanceConfigDirectory(id).resolve(INSTANCE_GAME_SETTINGS_FILENAME);
+    }
+
+    private void loadInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
+        loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
+        InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult result = loadGameSettingsFile(getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id));
+        if (result.setting() != null) {
+            initInstanceGameSettings(id, result.setting(), result.allowSave());
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!result.allowSave()) {
+            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyParent = gameDirectory.getLegacyGameSettings();
+        if (SettingsManager.getGameSettings(legacyParent) == null) {
+            legacyParent = null;
+        }
+
+        LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.InstanceMigrationResult migrationResult =
+                LegacyGameSettingsMigrator.migrateInstanceGameSettings(
+                        this, id,
+                        legacyParent);
+        if (migrationResult != null) {
+            initInstanceGameSettings(id, migrationResult.setting());
            try {
-                VersionSetting versionSetting = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, VersionSetting.class);
-                initLocalVersionSetting(id, versionSetting);
-            } catch (Exception ex) {
-                // If [JsonParseException], [IOException] or [NullPointerException] happens, the json file is malformed and needed to be recreated.
-                initLocalVersionSetting(id, new VersionSetting());
+                saveGameSettingsSync(id);
+                migrationResult.saveReceipt();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to save migrated instance game settings for " + id, e);
            }
+            return;
+        }
    }

-    /**
-     * Create new version setting if version id has no version setting.
-     *
-     * @param id the version id.
-     * @return new version setting, null if given version does not exist.
-     */
-    public VersionSetting createLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
-        if (!hasVersion(id))
+    /// Loads a new-format instance game settings file.
+    private InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult loadGameSettingsFile(Path file) {
+        if (!Files.exists(file)) {
+            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(null, true);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON, file, JsonObject.class);
+            if (jsonObject == null) {
+                LOG.warning("Instance game settings are empty: " + file);
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
+            }
+
+            JsonSchema.CompatibilityResult schemaResult =
+                    JsonSchema.check(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+            switch (schemaResult.status()) {
+                case MISSING -> LOG.warning("Missing schema in instance game settings: " + file);
+                case INVALID -> LOG.warning("Invalid schema in instance game settings: "
+                        + file + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.invalidValue());
+                case UNPARSEABLE -> LOG.warning("Unparseable schema in instance game settings: "
+                        + file + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                case UNEXPECTED_ID -> LOG.warning("Unexpected instance game settings schema. Expected: "
+                        + GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                case UNSUPPORTED_MAJOR, READ_ONLY_PRESERVE_SCHEMA ->
+                    LOG.warning("Unsupported instance game settings schema. Expected: "
+                                + GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                case READ_WRITE, READ_WRITE_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> {
+                }
+            }
+            if (!schemaResult.readable()) {
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                fallback.setSavable(false);
+                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, false);
+            }
+
+            GameSettings.Instance setting =
+                    LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.fromJson(jsonObject, GameSettings.Instance.class);
+            if (setting == null) {
+                LOG.warning("Instance game settings deserialized to null: " + file);
+                GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+                fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
+                return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
+            }
+            if (!schemaResult.preserveSchema() && !GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA.equals(setting.getSchema())) {
+                setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+            }
+            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(setting, schemaResult.allowSave());
+        } catch (JsonParseException ex) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to parse game setting " + file, ex);
+            GameSettings.Instance fallback = new GameSettings.Instance();
+            fallback.setBackupOnNextSave(true);
+            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(fallback, true);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to load game setting " + file, ex);
+            return new InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(null, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable GameSettings.Instance createInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
+        if (!hasVersion(id)) {
            return null;
-        if (localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
-            return getLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        else
-            return initLocalVersionSetting(id, new VersionSetting());
+        }
+        if (readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id)) {
+            return getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = new GameSettings.Instance();
+        return initInstanceGameSettings(id, setting);
    }

-    private VersionSetting initLocalVersionSetting(String id, VersionSetting vs) {
-        localVersionSettings.put(id, vs);
-        vs.addListener(a -> saveVersionSetting(id));
-        return vs;
+    private GameSettings.Instance initInstanceGameSettings(String id, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
+        return initInstanceGameSettings(id, setting, true);
    }

-    /**
-     * Get the version setting for version id.
-     *
-     * @param id version id
-     * @return corresponding version setting, null if the version has no its own version setting.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public VersionSetting getLocalVersionSetting(String id) {
-        if (!localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
-            loadLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        VersionSetting setting = localVersionSettings.get(id);
-        if (setting != null && isModpack(id))
-            setting.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+    private GameSettings.Instance initInstanceGameSettings(String id, GameSettings.Instance setting, boolean allowSave) {
+        normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(setting);
+        setting.setSavable(allowSave);
+        loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
+        instanceGameSettings.put(id, setting);
+        if (allowSave) {
+            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
+            setting.addListener(a -> saveGameSettings(id));
+        } else {
+            readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
+        }
        return setting;
    }

-    @Nullable
-    public VersionSetting getLocalVersionSettingOrCreate(String id) {
-        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        if (vs == null) {
-            vs = createLocalVersionSetting(id);
+    /// Keeps old local custom running directories effective under the new source-selection model.
+    private void normalizeRunningDirectoryOverride(GameSettings.Instance setting) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(setting.runningDirectoryProperty().getValue())) {
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
        }
-        return vs;
    }

-    public VersionSetting getVersionSetting(String id) {
-        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        if (vs == null || vs.isUsesGlobal()) {
-            profile.getGlobal().setUsesGlobal(true);
-            return profile.getGlobal();
-        } else
-            return vs;
+    @Nullable
+    public GameSettings.Instance getInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
+        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        }
+        return instanceGameSettings.get(id);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public GameSettings.Instance getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(String id) {
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        if (setting == null) {
+            setting = createInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        }
+        return setting;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the instance-specific game settings file cannot be overwritten safely.
+    ///
+    /// @param id the instance ID
+    /// @return whether the instance settings are loaded in read-only mode
+    public boolean isInstanceGameSettingsReadOnly(String id) {
+        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        }
+
+        return readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id);
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites the instance-specific game settings file with the currently loaded settings.
+    ///
+    /// @param id the instance ID
+    public void forceOverwriteInstanceGameSettings(String id) {
+        if (!loadedInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            loadInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
+        if (setting == null) {
+            setting = new GameSettings.Instance();
+            instanceGameSettings.put(id, setting);
+            loadedInstanceGameSettings.add(id);
+        }
+
+        boolean installAutoSave = !setting.isSavable();
+        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
+        setting.setSchema(GameSettings.Instance.CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+        setting.setSavable(true);
+        setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+        readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.remove(id);
+        saveGameSettings(id);
+        if (installAutoSave) {
+            setting.addListener(a -> saveGameSettings(id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the explicit parent preset of the instance, falling back to the default preset.
+    public GameSettings.Preset getParentGameSettings(@Nullable GameSettings.Instance instance) {
+        @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID parent = instance != null ? instance.parentProperty().getValue() : null;
+        GameSettings.Preset parentSetting = SettingsManager.getGameSettings(parent);
+        return parentSetting != null ? parentSetting : SettingsManager.getDefaultGameSettingsPresetOrCreate();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether a new instance should use an isolated running directory under the default isolation settings.
+    public boolean shouldIsolateNewInstance(boolean modded) {
+        GameSettings.Preset preset = getParentGameSettings(null);
+        DefaultIsolationType type = Lang.requireNonNullElse(preset.defaultIsolationTypeProperty().getValue(), DefaultIsolationType.MODDED);
+        return switch (type) {
+            case NEVER -> false;
+            case ALWAYS -> true;
+            case MODDED -> modded;
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Applies default isolation to a new instance before the version metadata is saved.
+    public void applyDefaultIsolationSettingForNewInstance(String id, boolean modded) {
+        if (!shouldIsolateNewInstance(modded) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        if (setting == null) {
+            setting = initInstanceGameSettings(id, new GameSettings.Instance());
+        }
+        if (setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY)) {
+            saveGameSettings(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public GameSettings.Effective getEffectiveGameSettings(String id) {
+        GameSettings.Instance instance = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        return GameSettings.resolve(getParentGameSettings(instance), instance);
    }

    public Optional<Path> getVersionIconFile(String id) {
@@ -297,19 +601,19 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public Image getVersionIconImage(String id) {
+    public Image getVersionIconImage(@Nullable String id) {
        if (id == null || !isLoaded())
            return VersionIconType.DEFAULT.getIcon();

-        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSettingOrCreate(id);
-        VersionIconType iconType = vs != null ? Lang.requireNonNullElse(vs.getVersionIcon(), VersionIconType.DEFAULT) : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = getInstanceGameSettings(id);
+        VersionIconType iconType = setting != null ? Lang.requireNonNullElse(setting.iconProperty().getValue(), VersionIconType.DEFAULT) : VersionIconType.DEFAULT;

        if (iconType == VersionIconType.DEFAULT) {
            Version version = getVersion(id).resolve(this);
            Optional<Path> iconFile = getVersionIconFile(id);
            if (iconFile.isPresent()) {
                try {
-                    return FXUtils.loadImage(iconFile.get());
+                    return FXUtils.loadImage(iconFile.get(), 64, 64, true, true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to load version icon of " + id, e);
                }
@@ -321,6 +625,8 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                    return VersionIconType.FABRIC.getIcon();
                else if (libraryAnalyzer.has(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.QUILT))
                    return VersionIconType.QUILT.getIcon();
+                else if (libraryAnalyzer.has(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.LEGACY_FABRIC))
+                    return VersionIconType.LEGACY_FABRIC.getIcon();
                else if (libraryAnalyzer.has(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.NEO_FORGE))
                    return VersionIconType.NEO_FORGE.getIcon();
                else if (libraryAnalyzer.has(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.FORGE))
@@ -350,45 +656,73 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public void saveVersionSetting(String id) {
-        if (!localVersionSettings.containsKey(id))
+    public void saveGameSettings(String id) {
+        if (!instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id))
            return;
-        Path file = getLocalVersionSettingFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
+        if (setting == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
        try {
            Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.warning("Failed to create directory: " + file.getParent(), e);
        }

-        FileSaver.save(file, GSON.toJson(localVersionSettings.get(id)));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Make version use self version settings instead of the global one.
-     *
-     * @param id the version id.
-     * @return specialized version setting, null if given version does not exist.
-     */
-    public VersionSetting specializeVersionSetting(String id) {
-        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        if (vs == null)
-            vs = createLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        if (vs == null)
-            return null;
-        if (vs.isUsesGlobal()) {
-            vs.setUsesGlobal(false);
+        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
        }
-        return vs;
+        FileSaver.save(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
    }

-    public void globalizeVersionSetting(String id) {
-        VersionSetting vs = getLocalVersionSetting(id);
-        if (vs != null)
-            vs.setUsesGlobal(true);
+    /// Saves instance-specific game settings synchronously.
+    ///
+    /// @param id the instance ID
+    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
+    private void saveGameSettingsSync(String id) throws IOException {
+        if (!instanceGameSettings.containsKey(id) || readOnlyInstanceGameSettings.contains(id)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GameSettings.Instance setting = instanceGameSettings.get(id);
+        if (setting == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Path file = getInstanceGameSettingsFile(id).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
+        Files.createDirectories(file.getParent());
+        if (setting.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            setting.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(file);
+        }
+        FileUtils.saveSafely(file, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(setting));
+    }
+
+    /// Result of loading an instance-specific game settings file.
+    ///
+    /// @param setting   the loaded instance settings, or `null` when unavailable
+    /// @param allowSave whether the file may be overwritten
+    private record InstanceGameSettingsLoadResult(
+            @Nullable GameSettings.Instance setting,
+            boolean allowSave) {
    }

    public LaunchOptions.Builder getLaunchOptions(String version, JavaRuntime javaVersion, Path gameDir, List<String> javaAgents, List<String> javaArguments, boolean makeLaunchScript) {
-        VersionSetting vs = getVersionSetting(version);
+        GameSettings.Effective vs = getEffectiveGameSettings(version);
+        boolean noJVMOptions = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty);
+        boolean autoMemory = vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty);
+        GameVersionNumber gameVersionNumber = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(getGameVersion(version));
+
+        @Nullable Integer maxMemory;
+        if (autoMemory) {
+            maxMemory = noJVMOptions
+                    ? null
+                    : Math.toIntExact(getAutoAllocatedMemory(SystemInfo.getPhysicalMemoryStatus().available()) / 1024L / 1024L);
+        } else {
+            maxMemory = vs.getMaxMemory();
+        }

        LaunchOptions.Builder builder = new LaunchOptions.Builder()
                .setGameDir(gameDir)
@@ -396,17 +730,13 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                .setVersionType(Metadata.TITLE)
                .setVersionName(version)
                .setProfileName(Metadata.TITLE)
-                .setGameArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getMinecraftArgs()))
-                .setOverrideJavaArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getJavaArgs()))
-                .setMaxMemory(vs.isNoJVMArgs() && vs.isAutoMemory() ? null : (int) (getAllocatedMemory(
-                        vs.getMaxMemory() * 1024L * 1024L,
-                        SystemInfo.getPhysicalMemoryStatus().getAvailable(),
-                        vs.isAutoMemory()
-                ) / 1024 / 1024))
-                .setMinMemory(vs.getMinMemory())
-                .setMetaspace(Lang.toIntOrNull(vs.getPermSize()))
+                .setGameArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::gameArgumentsProperty)))
+                .setOverrideJavaArguments(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::jvmOptionsProperty)))
+                .setMaxMemory(maxMemory)
+                .setMinMemory(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::minMemoryProperty))
+                .setMetaspace(Lang.toIntOrNull(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::permSizeProperty)))
                .setEnvironmentVariables(
-                        Lang.mapOf(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getEnvironmentVariables())
+                        Lang.mapOf(StringUtils.tokenize(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::environmentVariablesProperty))
                                .stream()
                                .map(it -> {
                                    int idx = it.indexOf('=');
@@ -417,36 +747,30 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                )
                .setWidth(vs.getWidth())
                .setHeight(vs.getHeight())
-                .setFullscreen(vs.isFullscreen())
-                .setWrapper(vs.getWrapper())
-                .setPreLaunchCommand(vs.getPreLaunchCommand())
-                .setPostExitCommand(vs.getPostExitCommand())
-                .setNoGeneratedJVMArgs(vs.isNoJVMArgs())
-                .setNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs(vs.isNoOptimizingJVMArgs())
-                .setNativesDirType(vs.getNativesDirType())
-                .setNativesDir(vs.getNativesDir())
-                .setProcessPriority(vs.getProcessPriority())
-                .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer())
-                .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.isEnableDebugLogOutput())
-                .setUseNativeGLFW(vs.isUseNativeGLFW())
-                .setUseNativeOpenAL(vs.isUseNativeOpenAL())
-                .setDaemon(!makeLaunchScript && vs.getLauncherVisibility().isDaemon())
+                .setFullscreen(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::windowTypeProperty) == GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN)
+                .setWrapper(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::commandWrapperProperty))
+                .setProxyOption(getProxyOption())
+                .setPreLaunchCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::preLaunchCommandProperty))
+                .setPostExitCommand(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::postExitCommandProperty))
+                .setNoGeneratedJVMArgs(noJVMOptions)
+                .setNoGeneratedOptimizingJVMArgs(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty))
+                .setUseCustomNatives(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty))
+                .setNativesDir(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::nativesDirectoryProperty))
+                .setProcessPriority(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::processPriorityProperty))
+                .setGraphicsBackend(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::graphicsBackendProperty))
+                .setRenderer(vs.getRenderer(gameVersionNumber))
+                .setEnableDebugLogOutput(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::enableDebugLogOutputProperty))
+                .setAllowAutoAgent(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty))
+                .setDisableAutoGameOptions(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::disableAutoGameOptionsProperty))
+                .setUseNativeGLFW(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeGLFWProperty))
+                .setUseNativeOpenAL(vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::useNativeOpenALProperty))
+                .setDaemon(!makeLaunchScript && vs.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty).isDaemon())
                .setJavaAgents(javaAgents)
                .setJavaArguments(javaArguments);

-        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(vs.getServerIp())) {
-            builder.setQuickPlayOption(new QuickPlayOption.MultiPlayer(vs.getServerIp()));
-        }
-
-        if (config().hasProxy()) {
-            builder.setProxyType(config().getProxyType());
-            builder.setProxyHost(config().getProxyHost());
-            builder.setProxyPort(config().getProxyPort());
-
-            if (config().hasProxyAuth()) {
-                builder.setProxyUser(config().getProxyUser());
-                builder.setProxyPass(config().getProxyPass());
-            }
+        QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption = vs.getQuickPlayOption();
+        if (quickPlayOption != null) {
+            builder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
        }

        Path json = getModpackConfiguration(version);
@@ -461,7 +785,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
            }
        }

-        if (vs.isAutoMemory() && builder.getJavaArguments().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.startsWith("-Xmx")))
+        if (autoMemory && builder.getJavaArguments().stream().anyMatch(it -> it.startsWith("-Xmx")))
            builder.setMaxMemory(null);

        return builder;
@@ -502,10 +826,6 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    private static final Gson GSON = new GsonBuilder()
-            .setPrettyPrinting()
-            .create();
-
    private static final String PROFILE = "{\"selectedProfile\": \"(Default)\",\"profiles\": {\"(Default)\": {\"name\": \"(Default)\"}},\"clientToken\": \"88888888-8888-8888-8888-888888888888\"}";


@@ -521,7 +841,7 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
                FORBIDDEN_VERSION_IDS.contains(id.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)))
            return false;

-        return FileUtils.isNameValid(id);
+        return FileUtils.isNameValidForJar(id);
    }

    /**
@@ -541,21 +861,51 @@ public final class HMCLGameRepository extends DefaultGameRepository {
        }
    }

-    public static long getAllocatedMemory(long minimum, long available, boolean auto) {
-        if (auto) {
-            available -= 512 * 1024 * 1024; // Reserve 512 MiB memory for off-heap memory and HMCL itself
-            if (available <= 0) {
-                return minimum;
-            }
-
-            final long threshold = 8L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 GiB
-            final long suggested = Math.min(available <= threshold
-                            ? (long) (available * 0.8)
-                            : (long) (threshold * 0.8 + (available - threshold) * 0.2),
-                    16L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);
-            return Math.max(minimum, suggested);
-        } else {
-            return minimum;
+    public static long getAutoAllocatedMemory(long available) {
+        long usable = available - 512 * 1024 * 1024; // Reserve 512 MiB memory for off-heap memory and HMCL itself
+        if (usable <= 0) {
+            return available;
        }
+
+        final long threshold = 8L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 GiB
+        final long suggested;
+        if (usable <= threshold)
+            suggested = (long) (usable * 0.8);
+        else
+            suggested = Math.min(
+                    (long) (threshold * 0.8 + (usable - threshold) * 0.2),
+                    16L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+        return suggested;
+    }
+
+    public static ProxyOption getProxyOption() {
+        return switch (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get()) {
+            case SYSTEM -> ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+            case DIRECT -> ProxyOption.Direct.INSTANCE;
+            case HTTP, SOCKS -> {
+                String proxyHost = settings().proxyHostProperty().get();
+                int proxyPort = settings().proxyPortProperty().get();
+
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyHost) || proxyPort < 0 || proxyPort > 0xFFFF) {
+                    yield ProxyOption.Default.INSTANCE;
+                }
+
+                String proxyUser = settings().proxyUserProperty().get();
+                String proxyPass = settings().proxyPasswordProperty().get();
+
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(proxyUser)) {
+                    proxyUser = null;
+                    proxyPass = null;
+                } else if (proxyPass == null) {
+                    proxyPass = "";
+                }
+
+                if (settings().proxyTypeProperty().get() == ProxyType.HTTP) {
+                    yield new ProxyOption.Http(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
+                } else {
+                    yield new ProxyOption.Socks(proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyUser, proxyPass);
+                }
+            }
+        };
    }
 }
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.MinecraftInstanceTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackInstallTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.MinecraftInstanceTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackInstallTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
@@ -45,9 +44,9 @@ public final class HMCLModpackInstallTask extends Task<Void> {
    private final List<Task<?>> dependencies = new ArrayList<>(1);
    private final List<Task<?>> dependents = new ArrayList<>(4);

-    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack, String name) {
-        dependency = profile.getDependency();
-        repository = profile.getRepository();
+    public HMCLModpackInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Modpack modpack, String name) {
+        this.repository = repository;
+        this.dependency = repository.getDependency();
        this.zipFile = zipFile;
        this.name = name;
        this.modpack = modpack;
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;

 public final class HMCLModpackManifest implements ModpackManifest {
    public static final HMCLModpackManifest INSTANCE = new HMCLModpackManifest();
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import kala.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveReader;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DefaultDependencyManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.MismatchedModpackTypeException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.Modpack;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackUpdateTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.MismatchedModpackTypeException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.Modpack;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackUpdateTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
@@ -56,9 +55,7 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HMCLModpackProvider requires HMCLGameRepository");
        }

-        Profile profile = repository.getProfile();
-
-        return new ModpackUpdateTask(dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), name, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(profile, zipFile, modpack, name));
+        return new ModpackUpdateTask(dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), name, new HMCLModpackInstallTask(repository, zipFile, modpack, name));
    }

    @Override
@@ -79,8 +76,8 @@ public final class HMCLModpackProvider implements ModpackProvider {

    private final static class HMCLModpack extends Modpack {
        @Override
-        public Task<?> getInstallTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, Path zipFile, String name) {
-            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask(((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository()).getProfile(), zipFile, this, name);
+        public Task<?> getInstallTask(DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager, Path zipFile, String name, String iconUrl) {
+            return new HMCLModpackInstallTask((HMCLGameRepository) dependencyManager.getGameRepository(), zipFile, this, name);
        }
    }

@@ -31,10 +31,13 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.launch.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackCompletionException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackCompletionException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.ModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.DownloadProviders;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.LauncherVisibility;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.DialogCloseEvent;
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -65,33 +69,36 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;

 import static javafx.application.Platform.runLater;
 import static javafx.application.Platform.setImplicitExit;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.state;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DataSizeUnit.MEGABYTES;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.resolveException;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.TIME_FORMATTER;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform.isCompatibleWithX86Java;

 public final class LauncherHelper {

-    private final Profile profile;
+    private static final String LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP = "lwjgl3.4.1-ffm";
+
+    private final HMCLGameRepository repository;
    private Account account;
    private final String selectedVersion;
    private Path scriptFile;
-    private final VersionSetting setting;
+    private final GameSettings.Effective setting;
    private LauncherVisibility launcherVisibility;
    private boolean showLogs;
    private QuickPlayOption quickPlayOption;
    private boolean disableOfflineSkin = false;

-    public LauncherHelper(Profile profile, Account account, String selectedVersion) {
-        this.profile = Objects.requireNonNull(profile);
+    public LauncherHelper(HMCLGameRepository repository, Account account, String selectedVersion) {
+        this.repository = Objects.requireNonNull(repository);
        this.account = Objects.requireNonNull(account);
        this.selectedVersion = Objects.requireNonNull(selectedVersion);
-        this.setting = profile.getVersionSetting(selectedVersion);
-        this.launcherVisibility = setting.getLauncherVisibility();
-        this.showLogs = setting.isShowLogs();
+        this.setting = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(selectedVersion);
+        this.launcherVisibility = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::launcherVisibilityProperty);
+        this.showLogs = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::showLogsProperty);
        this.launchingStepsPane.setTitle(i18n("version.launch"));
    }

@@ -140,8 +147,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/pull/4121
        PROCESSES.removeIf(it -> it.get() == null);

-        HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
-        DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = profile.getDependency();
+        DefaultDependencyManager dependencyManager = repository.getDependency();
        AtomicReference<Version> version = new AtomicReference<>(MaintainTask.maintain(repository, repository.getResolvedVersion(selectedVersion)));
        Optional<String> gameVersion = repository.getGameVersion(version.get());
        boolean integrityCheck = repository.unmarkVersionLaunchedAbnormally(selectedVersion);
@@ -151,11 +157,11 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {

        AtomicReference<JavaRuntime> javaVersionRef = new AtomicReference<>();

-        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(profile, setting, version.get())
+        TaskExecutor executor = checkGameState(repository, setting, version.get())
                .thenComposeAsync(java -> {
                    javaVersionRef.set(Objects.requireNonNull(java));
                    version.set(NativePatcher.patchNative(repository, version.get(), gameVersion.orElse(null), java, setting, javaArguments));
-                    if (setting.isNotCheckGame())
+                    if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notCheckGameProperty))
                        return null;
                    return Task.allOf(
                            dependencyManager.checkGameCompletionAsync(version.get(), integrityCheck),
@@ -170,43 +176,66 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                }
                            }),
                            Task.composeAsync(() -> {
-                                Renderer renderer = setting.getRenderer();
-                                if (renderer != Renderer.DEFAULT && OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-                                    Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
-                                    if (lib == null)
-                                        return null;
-                                    Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
-                                    if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
-                                        LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
-                                        return null;
-                                    }
+                                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
+                                        || !(setting.getRenderer(GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(gameVersion)) instanceof Renderer.Driver renderer)
+                                        || renderer.mesaDriverName() == null)
+                                    return null;

-                                    String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+                                Library lib = NativePatcher.getWindowsMesaLoader(java, renderer, OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_VERSION);
+                                if (lib == null)
+                                    return null;
+                                Path file = dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getLibraryFile(version.get(), lib);
+                                if (file.toAbsolutePath().toString().indexOf('=') >= 0) {
+                                    LOG.warning("Invalid character '=' in the libraries directory path, unable to attach software renderer loader");
+                                    return null;
+                                }

-                                    if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
-                                        return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
-                                                .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
-                                    } else {
-                                        javaAgents.add(agent);
-                                        return null;
-                                    }
+                                String agent = FileUtils.getAbsolutePath(file) + "=" + renderer.mesaDriverName();
+
+                                if (GameLibrariesTask.shouldDownloadLibrary(repository, version.get(), lib, integrityCheck)) {
+                                    return new LibraryDownloadTask(dependencyManager, file, lib)
+                                            .thenRunAsync(() -> javaAgents.add(agent));
                                } else {
+                                    javaAgents.add(agent);
                                    return null;
                                }
                            })
                    );
                }).withStage("launch.state.dependencies")
                .thenComposeAsync(() -> gameVersion.map(s -> new GameVerificationFixTask(dependencyManager, s, version.get())).orElse(null))
+                .thenComposeAsync(() -> {
+                    if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::allowAutoAgentProperty)
+                            || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noJVMOptionsProperty)
+                            || setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::noOptimizingJVMOptionsProperty)
+                            || Boolean.TRUE.equals(state().getShownTips().get(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP))
+                            || !NativePatcher.needPatchMemoryUtil(version.get(), javaVersionRef.get().getParsedVersion())) {
+                        return Task.completed(null);
+                    } else {
+                        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+                        runInFX(() -> {
+                            Controllers.confirm(i18n("launch.advice.lwjgl_3_4_1"), i18n("launch.advice.lwjgl_3_4_1.title"), MessageType.QUESTION, () -> {
+                                state().getShownTips().put(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP, true);
+                                enableAutoAgentForCurrentSetting();
+                                future.complete(null);
+                            }, () -> {
+                                state().getShownTips().put(LWJGL_3_4_1_TIP, true);
+                                future.complete(null);
+                            });
+                        });
+                        return Task.fromCompletableFuture(future);
+                    }
+                })
                .thenComposeAsync(() -> logIn(account).withStage("launch.state.logging_in"))
                .thenComposeAsync(authInfo -> Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
                    LaunchOptions.Builder launchOptionsBuilder = repository.getLaunchOptions(
-                            selectedVersion, javaVersionRef.get(), profile.getGameDir(), javaAgents, javaArguments, scriptFile != null);
+                            selectedVersion, javaVersionRef.get(), repository.getBaseDirectory(), javaAgents, javaArguments, scriptFile != null);
                    if (disableOfflineSkin) {
                        launchOptionsBuilder.setDaemon(false);
                    }
                    if (quickPlayOption != null) {
                        launchOptionsBuilder.setQuickPlayOption(quickPlayOption);
                    }
+
                    LaunchOptions launchOptions = launchOptionsBuilder.create();

                    LOG.info("Here's the structure of game mod directory:\n" + FileUtils.printFileStructure(repository.getModsDirectory(selectedVersion), 10));
@@ -249,11 +278,11 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        i18n("message.doing"),
                        () -> launchingLatch.getCount() == 0, 6.95
                ).withStage("launch.state.waiting_launching"))
-                .withStagesHint(Lang.immutableListOf(
-                        "launch.state.java",
-                        "launch.state.dependencies",
-                        "launch.state.logging_in",
-                        "launch.state.waiting_launching"))
+                .withStagesHints(
+                        new Task.StagesHint("launch.state.java"),
+                        new Task.StagesHint("launch.state.dependencies", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries", "hmcl.modpack.download")),
+                        new Task.StagesHint("launch.state.logging_in"),
+                        new Task.StagesHint("launch.state.waiting_launching"))
                .executor();
        launchingStepsPane.setExecutor(executor, false);
        executor.addTaskListener(new TaskListener() {
@@ -325,13 +354,13 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                    message = i18n("launch.failed.command_too_long");
                                } else if (ex instanceof ExecutionPolicyLimitException) {
                                    Controllers.prompt(new PromptDialogPane.Builder(i18n("launch.failed.execution_policy"),
-                                            (result, resolve, reject) -> {
+                                            (result, handler) -> {
                                                if (CommandBuilder.setExecutionPolicy()) {
                                                    LOG.info("Set the ExecutionPolicy for the scope 'CurrentUser' to 'RemoteSigned'");
-                                                    resolve.run();
+                                                    handler.resolve();
                                                } else {
                                                    LOG.warning("Failed to set ExecutionPolicy");
-                                                    reject.accept(i18n("launch.failed.execution_policy.failed_to_set"));
+                                                    handler.reject(i18n("launch.failed.execution_policy.failed_to_set"));
                                                }
                                            })
                                            .addQuestion(new PromptDialogPane.Builder.HintQuestion(i18n("launch.failed.execution_policy.hint")))
@@ -357,8 +386,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        executor.start();
    }

-    private static Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(Profile profile, VersionSetting setting, Version version) {
-        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, profile.getRepository().getGameVersion(version).orElse(null));
+    private static Task<JavaRuntime> checkGameState(HMCLGameRepository repository, GameSettings.Effective setting, Version version) {
+        LibraryAnalyzer analyzer = LibraryAnalyzer.analyze(version, repository.getGameVersion(version).orElse(null));
        GameVersionNumber gameVersion = GameVersionNumber.asGameVersion(analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.MINECRAFT));

        Task<JavaRuntime> getJavaTask = Task.supplyAsync(() -> {
@@ -369,9 +398,10 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
            }
        });
        Task<JavaRuntime> task;
-        if (setting.isNotCheckJVM()) {
+        JavaVersionType javaVersionType = setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::javaTypeProperty);
+        if (setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::notCheckJVMProperty)) {
            task = getJavaTask.thenApplyAsync(java -> Lang.requireNonNullElse(java, JavaRuntime.getDefault()));
-        } else if (setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.AUTO || setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
+        } else if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.AUTO || javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
            task = getJavaTask.thenComposeAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), java -> {
                if (java != null) {
                    return Task.completed(java);
@@ -384,12 +414,21 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                List<GameJavaVersion> supportedVersions = GameJavaVersion.getSupportedVersions(SYSTEM_PLATFORM);

                GameJavaVersion targetJavaVersion = null;
-                if (setting.getJavaVersionType() == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
+                if (javaVersionType == JavaVersionType.VERSION) {
                    try {
-                        int targetJavaVersionMajor = Integer.parseInt(setting.getJavaVersion());
-                        GameJavaVersion minimumJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getMinimumJavaVersion(gameVersion);
+                        int targetJavaVersionMajor = Integer.parseInt(setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::customJavaVersionProperty));
+                        GameJavaVersion minimumJavaVersion = null;
+                        if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
+                            Optional<String> cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM);
+                            if (cleanroomVersion.isPresent()) {
+                                minimumJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion.get());
+                            }
+                        }

-                        if (minimumJavaVersion != null && targetJavaVersionMajor < minimumJavaVersion.getMajorVersion()) {
+                        if (minimumJavaVersion == null)
+                            minimumJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getMinimumJavaVersion(gameVersion);
+
+                        if (minimumJavaVersion != null && targetJavaVersionMajor < minimumJavaVersion.majorVersion()) {
                            Controllers.dialog(
                                    i18n("launch.failed.java_version_too_low"),
                                    i18n("message.error"),
@@ -402,11 +441,20 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        targetJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.get(targetJavaVersionMajor);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
                    }
-                } else
-                    targetJavaVersion = version.getJavaVersion();
+                } else {
+                    if (gameVersion.compareTo("1.12.2") == 0) {
+                        Optional<String> cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM);
+                        if (cleanroomVersion.isPresent()) {
+                            targetJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion.get());
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (targetJavaVersion == null)
+                        targetJavaVersion = version.getJavaVersion();
+                }

                if (targetJavaVersion != null && supportedVersions.contains(targetJavaVersion)) {
-                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, profile)
+                    downloadJava(targetJavaVersion, repository)
                            .whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, exception) -> {
                                if (exception == null) {
                                    future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -433,7 +481,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                if (java != null) {
                    for (JavaVersionConstraint constraint : JavaVersionConstraint.ALL) {
                        if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
-                            if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java)) {
+                            if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
                                if (constraint.isMandatory()) {
                                    violatedMandatoryConstraints.add(constraint);
                                } else {
@@ -468,9 +516,14 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        return result;
                    } else {
                        GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion;
-                        if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.CLEANROOM_JAVA_21))
-                            gameJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.JAVA_21;
-                        else if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.GAME_JSON))
+                        if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.CLEANROOM)) {
+                            String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM)
+                                    .orElse("");
+
+                            gameJavaVersion = !cleanroomVersion.isEmpty()
+                                    ? GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion)
+                                    : GameJavaVersion.JAVA_21;
+                        } else if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.GAME_JSON))
                            gameJavaVersion = version.getJavaVersion();
                        else if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.VANILLA))
                            gameJavaVersion = GameJavaVersion.getMinimumJavaVersion(gameVersion);
@@ -478,7 +531,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                            gameJavaVersion = null;

                        if (gameJavaVersion != null) {
-                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, profile).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
+                            FXUtils.runInFX(() -> downloadJava(gameJavaVersion, repository).whenCompleteAsync((downloadedJava, throwable) -> {
                                if (throwable == null) {
                                    setting.setJavaAutoSelected();
                                    future.complete(downloadedJava);
@@ -491,7 +544,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        }

                        if (violatedMandatoryConstraints.contains(JavaVersionConstraint.VANILLA_LINUX_JAVA_8)) {
-                            if (setting.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER) {
+                            if (!setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty)) {
                                FXUtils.runInFX(() -> Controllers.dialog(i18n("launch.advice.vanilla_linux_java_8"), i18n("message.error"), MessageType.ERROR, breakAction));
                                return result;
                            } else {
@@ -528,7 +581,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                }

                // 32-bit JVM cannot make use of too much memory.
-                if (java.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32 && setting.getMaxMemory() > 1.5 * 1024) {
+                if (java.getBits() == Bits.BIT_32 && !setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty) && setting.getMaxMemory() > 1.5 * 1024) {
                    // 1.5 * 1024 is an inaccurate number.
                    // Actual memory limit depends on operating system and memory.
                    suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.too_large_memory_for_32bit"));
@@ -560,9 +613,14 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                        case MODDED_JAVA_21:
                            suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.modded_java", 21, gameVersion));
                            break;
-                        case CLEANROOM_JAVA_21:
-                            suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.cleanroom"));
+                        case CLEANROOM: {
+                            String cleanroomVersion = analyzer.getVersion(LibraryAnalyzer.LibraryType.CLEANROOM).orElse("");
+                            if (!cleanroomVersion.isEmpty())
+                                suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.cleanroom", GameJavaVersion.getCleanroomJavaVersion(cleanroomVersion).majorVersion(), cleanroomVersion));
+                            else
+                                suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.cleanroom", 21, ""));
                            break;
+                        }
                        case VANILLA_JAVA_8_51:
                            suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.java8_51_1_13"));
                            break;
@@ -570,8 +628,8 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                            suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.modlauncher8"));
                            break;
                        case VANILLA_X86:
-                            if (setting.getNativesDirType() == NativesDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER
-                                    && isCompatibleWithX86Java()) {
+                            if (!setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::useCustomNativesProperty)
+                                    && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
                                suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.vanilla_x86.translation"));
                            }
                            break;
@@ -582,7 +640,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {

                // Cannot allocate too much memory exceeding free space.
                long totalMemorySizeMB = (long) MEGABYTES.convertFromBytes(SystemInfo.getTotalMemorySize());
-                if (totalMemorySizeMB > 0 && totalMemorySizeMB < setting.getMaxMemory()) {
+                if (totalMemorySizeMB > 0 && !setting.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty) && totalMemorySizeMB < setting.getMaxMemory()) {
                    suggestions.add(i18n("launch.advice.not_enough_space", totalMemorySizeMB));
                }

@@ -631,14 +689,14 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        return task.withStage("launch.state.java");
    }

-    private static CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, Profile profile) {
+    private static CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> downloadJava(GameJavaVersion javaVersion, HMCLGameRepository repository) {
        CompletableFuture<JavaRuntime> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
        Controllers.dialog(new MessageDialogPane.Builder(
-                i18n("launch.advice.require_newer_java_version", javaVersion.getMajorVersion()),
+                i18n("launch.advice.require_newer_java_version", javaVersion.majorVersion()),
                i18n("message.warning"),
                MessageType.QUESTION)
                .yesOrNo(() -> {
-                    DownloadProvider downloadProvider = profile.getDependency().getDownloadProvider();
+                    DownloadProvider downloadProvider = repository.getDependency().getDownloadProvider();
                    Controllers.taskDialog(JavaManager.getDownloadJavaTask(downloadProvider, SYSTEM_PLATFORM, javaVersion)
                            .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
                                if (exception == null) {
@@ -721,6 +779,16 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        }
    }

+    private void enableAutoAgentForCurrentSetting() {
+        GameSettings.Instance instance = setting.getInstance();
+        if (instance != null
+                && instance.getOverrideProperties().contains(GameSettings.PROPERTY_ALLOW_AUTO_AGENT)) {
+            instance.allowAutoAgentProperty().setValue(true);
+        } else {
+            setting.getPreset().allowAutoAgentProperty().setValue(true);
+        }
+    }
+
    /**
     * The managed process listener.
     * Guarantee that one [JavaProcess], one [HMCLProcessListener].
@@ -901,7 +969,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
        @Override
        public void onExit(int exitCode, ExitType exitType) {
            if (showLogs) {
-                logBuffer.add(new Log(String.format("[HMCL ProcessListener] Minecraft exit with code %d(0x%x), type is %s.", exitCode, exitCode, exitType), Log4jLevel.INFO));
+                logBuffer.add(new Log(String.format("[%s] [HMCL ProcessListener] Minecraft exit with code %d(0x%x), type is %s.", TIME_FORMATTER.format(Instant.now()), exitCode, exitCode, exitType), Log4jLevel.INFO));
                submitLogThread.interrupt();
                try {
                    submitLogThread.join();
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.DownloadProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.LocalModFile;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteMod;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.RemoteModRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddon;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.addon.RemoteAddonRepository;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.versions.ModTranslations;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
@@ -32,12 +31,12 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

-public abstract class LocalizedRemoteModRepository implements RemoteModRepository {
+public abstract class LocalizedRemoteAddonRepository implements RemoteAddonRepository {
    private static final int CONTAIN_CHINESE_WEIGHT = 10;

    private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

-    protected abstract RemoteModRepository getBackedRemoteModRepository();
+    protected abstract RemoteAddonRepository getBackedRemoteModRepository();

    protected abstract SortType getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder();

@@ -47,38 +46,47 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteModRepository implements RemoteModRepositor
            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
        }

-        Set<String> englishSearchFiltersSet = new HashSet<>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+        Set<String> englishSearchFiltersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);

        int count = 0;
        for (ModTranslations.Mod mod : ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).searchMod(searchFilter)) {
-            for (String englishWord : StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.getSubname()) ? mod.getSubname() : mod.getName())) {
-                if (englishSearchFiltersSet.contains(englishWord)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                englishSearchFiltersSet.add(englishWord);
+            String englishSearchFilter = String.join(" ", StringUtils.tokenize(StringUtils.isNotBlank(mod.getSubname()) ? mod.getSubname() : mod.getName()));
+            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(englishSearchFilter)) {
+                englishSearchFiltersSet.add(englishSearchFilter);
            }

            count++;
            if (count >= 3) break;
        }

-        RemoteMod[] searchResultArray = new RemoteMod[pageSize];
+        if (englishSearchFiltersSet.isEmpty()) {
+            return getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, searchFilter, sort, sortOrder);
+        }
+
+        RemoteAddon[] searchResultArray = new RemoteAddon[pageSize];
        int totalPages, chineseIndex = 0, englishIndex = pageSize - 1;
        {
-            SearchResult searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, String.join(" ", englishSearchFiltersSet), getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder(), sortOrder);
-            for (Iterator<RemoteMod> iterator = searchResult.getUnsortedResults().iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            SearchResult searchResult = null;
+            List<RemoteAddon> remoteAddons = List.of();
+            for (String englishSearchFilter : englishSearchFiltersSet) {
+                searchResult = getBackedRemoteModRepository().search(downloadProvider, gameVersion, category, pageOffset, pageSize, englishSearchFilter, getBackedRemoteModRepositorySortOrder(), sortOrder);
+                remoteAddons = searchResult.getUnsortedResults().toList();
+                if (!remoteAddons.isEmpty()) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (RemoteAddon remoteAddon : remoteAddons) {
                if (chineseIndex > englishIndex) {
                    LOG.warning("Too many search results! Are the backed remote mod repository broken? Or are the API broken?");
                    continue;
                }

-                RemoteMod remoteMod = iterator.next();
-                ModTranslations.Mod chineseTranslation = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.getSlug());
+                ModTranslations.Mod chineseTranslation = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteAddon.slug());
                if (chineseTranslation != null && !StringUtils.isBlank(chineseTranslation.getName()) && StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseTranslation.getName())) {
-                    searchResultArray[chineseIndex++] = remoteMod;
+                    searchResultArray[chineseIndex++] = remoteAddon;
                } else {
-                    searchResultArray[englishIndex--] = remoteMod;
+                    searchResultArray[englishIndex--] = remoteAddon;
                }
            }
            totalPages = searchResult.getTotalPages();
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteModRepository implements RemoteModRepositor

        StringUtils.LevCalculator levCalculator = new StringUtils.LevCalculator();
        return new SearchResult(Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(searchResultArray, 0, chineseIndex).map(remoteMod -> {
-            ModTranslations.Mod chineseRemoteMod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.getSlug());
+            ModTranslations.Mod chineseRemoteMod = ModTranslations.getTranslationsByRepositoryType(getType()).getModByCurseForgeId(remoteMod.slug());
            if (chineseRemoteMod == null || StringUtils.isBlank(chineseRemoteMod.getName()) || !StringUtils.containsChinese(chineseRemoteMod.getName())) {
                return Pair.pair(remoteMod, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            }
@@ -110,22 +118,22 @@ public abstract class LocalizedRemoteModRepository implements RemoteModRepositor
    }

    @Override
-    public Optional<RemoteMod.Version> getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(LocalModFile localModFile, Path file) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(localModFile, file);
+    public Optional<RemoteAddon.Version> getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(Path file) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionByLocalFile(file);
    }

    @Override
-    public RemoteMod getModById(String id) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModById(id);
+    public RemoteAddon getModById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModById(downloadProvider, id);
    }

    @Override
-    public RemoteMod.File getModFile(String modId, String fileId) throws IOException {
+    public RemoteAddon.File getModFile(String modId, String fileId) throws IOException {
        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getModFile(modId, fileId);
    }

    @Override
-    public Stream<RemoteMod.Version> getRemoteVersionsById(String id) throws IOException {
-        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionsById(id);
+    public Stream<RemoteAddon.Version> getRemoteVersionsById(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, String id) throws IOException {
+        return getBackedRemoteModRepository().getRemoteVersionsById(downloadProvider, id);
    }
 }
@@ -19,19 +19,18 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Log4jLevel;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;

 public final class Log {
    public static final int DEFAULT_LOG_LINES = 2000;

    public static int getLogLines() {
-        Integer lines = config().getLogLines();
+        Integer lines = settings().logLinesProperty().get();
        return lines != null && lines > 0 ? lines : DEFAULT_LOG_LINES;
    }

    private final String log;
    private Log4jLevel level;
-    private boolean selected = false;

    public Log(String log) {
        this.log = log;
@@ -57,14 +56,6 @@ public final class Log {
        return level;
    }

-    public boolean isSelected() {
-        return selected;
-    }
-
-    public void setSelected(boolean selected) {
-        this.selected = selected;
-    }
-
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return log;
@@ -17,21 +17,19 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Zipper;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
-import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
 import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
-import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;
+import java.nio.file.PathMatcher;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -43,7 +41,9 @@ public final class LogExporter {
    private LogExporter() {
    }

-    public static CompletableFuture<Void> exportLogs(Path zipFile, DefaultGameRepository gameRepository, String versionId, String logs, String launchScript) {
+    public static CompletableFuture<Void> exportLogs(
+            Path zipFile, DefaultGameRepository gameRepository, String versionId, String logs, String launchScript,
+            PathMatcher logMatcher) {
        Path runDirectory = gameRepository.getRunDirectory(versionId);
        Path baseDirectory = gameRepository.getBaseDirectory();
        List<String> versions = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ public final class LogExporter {
        }

        return CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
-            try (Zipper zipper = new Zipper(zipFile)) {
-                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("liteconfig"), "*.log", "liteconfig", zipper);
-                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("logs"), "*.log", "logs", zipper);
-                processLogs(runDirectory, "*.log", "runDirectory", zipper);
-                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("crash-reports"), "*.txt", "crash-reports", zipper);
+            try (Zipper zipper = new Zipper(zipFile, true)) {
+                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("liteconfig"), "*.log", "liteconfig", zipper, logMatcher);
+                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("logs"), "*.log", "logs", zipper, logMatcher);
+                processLogs(runDirectory, "*.log", "runDirectory", zipper, logMatcher);
+                processLogs(runDirectory.resolve("crash-reports"), "*.txt", "crash-reports", zipper, logMatcher);

                zipper.putTextFile(LOG.getLogs(), "hmcl.log");
                zipper.putTextFile(logs, "minecraft.log");
@@ -86,14 +86,11 @@ public final class LogExporter {
        });
    }

-    private static void processLogs(Path directory, String fileExtension, String logDirectory, Zipper zipper) {
+    private static void processLogs(Path directory, String fileExtension, String logDirectory, Zipper zipper, PathMatcher logMatcher) {
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory, fileExtension)) {
-            long processStartTime = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getStartTime();
-
            for (Path file : stream) {
                if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
-                    FileTime time = Files.readAttributes(file, BasicFileAttributes.class).lastModifiedTime();
-                    if (time.toMillis() >= processStartTime) {
+                    if (logMatcher == null || logMatcher.matches(file)) {
                        try (BufferedReader reader = IOUtils.newBufferedReaderMaybeNativeEncoding(file)) {
                            zipper.putLines(reader.lines().map(Logger::filterForbiddenToken), file.getFileName().toString());
                        } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;

-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.Unzipper;
@@ -27,18 +26,20 @@ import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;

+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+
 public class ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask extends Task<Path> {

-    private final Profile profile;
    private final Path zipFile;
    private final Charset charset;
    private final String name;

-    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name) {
-        this.profile = profile;
+    public ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name) {
        this.zipFile = zipFile;
        this.charset = charset;
        this.name = name;
+
+        setName(i18n("modpack.installing"));
    }

    @Override
@@ -20,28 +20,33 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.game;
 import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import kala.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveReader;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.curse.CurseModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.mcbbs.McbbsModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.mcbbs.McbbsModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.modrinth.ModrinthModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCComponents;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCInstanceConfiguration;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc.MultiMCModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackManifest;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackProvider;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.server.ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profile;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.Profiles;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.VersionSetting;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.curse.CurseModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.mcbbs.McbbsModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.mcbbs.McbbsModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.modrinth.ModrinthModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCComponents;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCInstanceConfiguration;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.multimc.MultiMCModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackManifest;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackProvider;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.modpack.server.ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameSettings;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameWindowType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.JavaVersionType;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectory;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.GameDirectoryManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalConsumer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.function.ExceptionalRunnable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@@ -51,13 +56,18 @@ import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.toIterable;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;

+/// Utilities for reading, installing, and applying modpack-specific game settings.
+@NotNullByDefault
 public final class ModpackHelper {
    private ModpackHelper() {
    }
@@ -146,16 +156,16 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
        }
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(Profile profile, ServerModpackManifest manifest, String name, Modpack modpack) {
-        profile.getRepository().markVersionAsModpack(name);
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, String name, Modpack modpack) {
+        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);

        ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
-            HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
            repository.refreshVersions();
-            VersionSetting vs = repository.specializeVersionSetting(name);
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (vs != null)
-                vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+            if (setting != null) {
+                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+            }
        };

        ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -165,39 +175,41 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
            }
        };

-        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name)
+        return new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name)
                .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                .withStagesHint(Arrays.asList("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download"));
+                .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
    }

    public static boolean isExternalGameNameConflicts(String name) {
        return Files.exists(Paths.get("externalgames").resolve(name));
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, String name, Charset charset) {
+    public static Task<?> getInstallManuallyCreatedModpackTask(Path zipFile, String name, Charset charset) {
        if (isExternalGameNameConflicts(name)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("name existing");
        }

-        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(profile, zipFile, charset, name)
+        return new ManuallyCreatedModpackInstallTask(zipFile, charset, name)
                .thenAcceptAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), location -> {
-                    Profile newProfile = new Profile(name, location);
-                    newProfile.setUseRelativePath(true);
-                    Profiles.getProfiles().add(newProfile);
-                    Profiles.setSelectedProfile(newProfile);
+                    GameDirectory newGameDirectory = new GameDirectory(
+                            GameDirectoryManager.newGameDirectoryId(),
+                            LocalizedText.plain(name),
+                            PortablePath.fromPath(location));
+                    GameDirectoryManager.addLocalGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
+                    GameDirectoryManager.setSelectedGameDirectory(newGameDirectory);
                });
    }

-    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, String name, Modpack modpack) {
-        profile.getRepository().markVersionAsModpack(name);
+    public static Task<?> getInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, String name, Modpack modpack, String iconUrl) {
+        repository.markVersionAsModpack(name);

        ExceptionalRunnable<?> success = () -> {
-            HMCLGameRepository repository = profile.getRepository();
            repository.refreshVersions();
-            VersionSetting vs = repository.specializeVersionSetting(name);
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(name);
            repository.undoMark(name);
-            if (vs != null)
-                vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+            if (setting != null) {
+                setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);
+            }
        };

        ExceptionalConsumer<Exception, ?> failure = ex -> {
@@ -208,111 +220,149 @@ public final class ModpackHelper {
        };

        if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(profile, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHint(List.of("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download"));
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMultiMCPostInstallTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
        else if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof McbbsModpackManifest)
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.defaultScheduler(), success, failure)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(profile, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
-                    .withStagesHint(List.of("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download"));
+                    .thenComposeAsync(createMcbbsPostInstallTask(repository, (McbbsModpackManifest) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
        else
-            return modpack.getInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), zipFile, name)
+            return modpack.getInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), zipFile, name, iconUrl)
                    .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), success, failure)
-                    .withStagesHint(List.of("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download"));
+                    .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
    }

-    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(Profile profile, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
+    public static Task<Void> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, ServerModpackManifest manifest, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException {
        switch (configuration.getType()) {
            case ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask.MODPACK_TYPE:
-                return new ModpackUpdateTask(profile.getRepository(), name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(profile.getDependency(), manifest, name))
-                        .withStagesHint(Arrays.asList("hmcl.modpack", "hmcl.modpack.download"));
+                return new ModpackUpdateTask(repository, name, new ServerModpackRemoteInstallTask(repository.getDependency(), manifest, name))
+                        .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync())
+                        .withStagesHints(new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack"), new Task.StagesHint("hmcl.modpack.download", List.of("hmcl.install.assets", "hmcl.install.libraries")));
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
        }
    }

-    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(Profile profile, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
+    public static Task<?> getUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, Path zipFile, Charset charset, String name, ModpackConfiguration<?> configuration) throws UnsupportedModpackException, ManuallyCreatedModpackException, MismatchedModpackTypeException {
        Modpack modpack = ModpackHelper.readModpackManifest(zipFile, charset);
        ModpackProvider provider = getProviderByType(configuration.getType());
        if (provider == null) {
            throw new UnsupportedModpackException();
        }
        if (modpack.getManifest() instanceof MultiMCInstanceConfiguration)
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(profile.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
-                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(profile, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name));
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(() -> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(repository, (MultiMCInstanceConfiguration) modpack.getManifest(), name))
+                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
        else
-            return provider.createUpdateTask(profile.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack);
+            return provider.createUpdateTask(repository.getDependency(), name, zipFile, modpack)
+                    .thenComposeAsync(repository.refreshVersionsAsync());
    }

-    public static void toVersionSetting(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, VersionSetting vs) {
-        vs.setUsesGlobal(false);
-        vs.setGameDirType(GameDirectoryType.VERSION_FOLDER);
+    public static void toGameSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
+        setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_RUNNING_DIRECTORY);

        if (c.isOverrideJavaLocation()) {
-            vs.setJavaDir(Lang.nonNull(c.getJavaPath(), ""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JAVA_TYPE);
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_CUSTOM_JAVA_PATH);
+            setting.javaTypeProperty().setValue(JavaVersionType.CUSTOM);
+            setting.customJavaPathProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getJavaPath(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideMemory()) {
-            vs.setPermSize(Optional.ofNullable(c.getPermGen()).map(Object::toString).orElse(""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PERM_SIZE,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MAX_MEMORY,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY
+            ));
+            setting.permSizeProperty().setValue(Optional.ofNullable(c.getPermGen()).map(Object::toString).orElse(""));
            if (c.getMaxMemory() != null)
-                vs.setMaxMemory(c.getMaxMemory());
-            vs.setMinMemory(c.getMinMemory());
+                setting.maxMemoryProperty().setValue(c.getMaxMemory());
+            setting.minMemoryProperty().setValue(c.getMinMemory());
        }

        if (c.isOverrideCommands()) {
-            vs.setWrapper(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
-            vs.setPreLaunchCommand(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_COMMAND_WRAPPER,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PRE_LAUNCH_COMMAND
+            ));
+            setting.commandWrapperProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
+            setting.preLaunchCommandProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideJavaArgs()) {
-            vs.setJavaArgs(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS);
+            setting.jvmOptionsProperty().setValue(Objects.requireNonNullElse(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideConsole()) {
-            vs.setShowLogs(c.isShowConsole());
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_SHOW_LOGS);
+            setting.showLogsProperty().setValue(c.isShowConsole());
        }

        if (c.isOverrideWindow()) {
-            vs.setFullscreen(c.isFullscreen());
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WINDOW_TYPE,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_WIDTH,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_HEIGHT
+            ));
+            setting.windowTypeProperty().setValue(c.isFullscreen() ? GameWindowType.FULLSCREEN : GameWindowType.WINDOWED);
            if (c.getWidth() != null)
-                vs.setWidth(c.getWidth());
+                setting.widthProperty().setValue(c.getWidth().doubleValue());
            if (c.getHeight() != null)
-                vs.setHeight(c.getHeight());
+                setting.heightProperty().setValue(c.getHeight().doubleValue());
        }
    }

-    private static void applyCommandAndJvmSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, VersionSetting vs) {
+    private static void applyCommandAndJvmSettings(MultiMCInstanceConfiguration c, GameSettings.Instance setting) {
        if (c.isOverrideCommands()) {
-            vs.setWrapper(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
-            vs.setPreLaunchCommand(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_COMMAND_WRAPPER,
+                    GameSettings.PROPERTY_PRE_LAUNCH_COMMAND
+            ));
+            setting.commandWrapperProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getWrapperCommand(), ""));
+            setting.preLaunchCommandProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getPreLaunchCommand(), ""));
        }

        if (c.isOverrideJavaArgs()) {
-            vs.setJavaArgs(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
+            setting.getOverrideProperties().add(GameSettings.PROPERTY_JVM_OPTIONS);
+            setting.jvmOptionsProperty().setValue(Lang.nonNull(c.getJvmArgs(), ""));
        }
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(Profile profile, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostUpdateTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
-            ModpackHelper.applyCommandAndJvmSettings(manifest, vs);
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+            ModpackHelper.applyCommandAndJvmSettings(manifest, setting);
        });
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(Profile profile, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMultiMCPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, MultiMCInstanceConfiguration manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
-            ModpackHelper.toVersionSetting(manifest, vs);
+            GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+            ModpackHelper.toGameSettings(manifest, setting);
        });
    }

-    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(Profile profile, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, String version) {
+    private static Task<Void> createMcbbsPostInstallTask(HMCLGameRepository repository, McbbsModpackManifest manifest, String version) {
        return Task.runAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), () -> {
-            VersionSetting vs = Objects.requireNonNull(profile.getRepository().specializeVersionSetting(version));
-            if (manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory() > vs.getMaxMemory())
-                vs.setMaxMemory(manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory());
+            GameSettings.Effective effective = repository.getEffectiveGameSettings(version);
+            if (manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory() > effective.getMaxMemory()) {
+                GameSettings.Instance setting = Objects.requireNonNull(repository.getInstanceGameSettingsOrCreate(version));
+                setting.getOverrideProperties().addAll(List.of(
+                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_AUTO_MEMORY,
+                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_MIN_MEMORY,
+                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_MAX_MEMORY,
+                        GameSettings.PROPERTY_PERM_SIZE
+                ));
+                setting.autoMemoryProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::autoMemoryProperty));
+                setting.minMemoryProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::minMemoryProperty));
+                setting.maxMemoryProperty().setValue(manifest.getLaunchInfo().getMinMemory());
+                setting.permSizeProperty().setValue(effective.getInheritable(GameSettings::permSizeProperty));
+            }
        });
    }
 }
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AuthenticationException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.OAuth;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.Event;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventManager;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.Themes;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.IOUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;

 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Base64;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -37,12 +39,14 @@ import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.thread;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
    private final int port;
    private final CompletableFuture<String> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+    private final String codeVerifier;
+    private final String state;

    public static String lastlyOpenedURL;

@@ -52,6 +56,34 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        super(port);

        this.port = port;
+
+        var encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding();
+        var random = new SecureRandom();
+
+        {
+            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1
+            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.12
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[32];
+            random.nextBytes(bytes);
+            this.state = encoder.encodeToString(bytes);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-4.1
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[64];
+            random.nextBytes(bytes);
+            this.codeVerifier = encoder.encodeToString(bytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getCodeVerifier() {
+        return codeVerifier;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getState() {
+        return state;
    }

    @Override
@@ -93,19 +125,32 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        String parameters = session.getQueryParameterString();

        Map<String, String> query = mapOf(NetworkUtils.parseQuery(parameters));
-        if (query.containsKey("code")) {
-            idToken = query.get("id_token");
-            future.complete(query.get("code"));
+
+        String code = query.get("code");
+        if (code != null) {
+            if (this.state.equals(query.get("state"))) {
+                idToken = query.get("id_token");
+                future.complete(code);
+            } else if (query.containsKey("state")) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to authenticate: invalid state in parameters");
+                future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("Failed to authenticate: invalid state"));
+            } else {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to authenticate: missing state in parameters");
+                future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("Failed to authenticate: missing state"));
+            }
        } else {
-            LOG.warning("Error: " + parameters);
-            future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("failed to authenticate"));
+            LOG.warning("Failed to authenticate: missing authorization code in parameters");
+            future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("Failed to authenticate: missing authorization code"));
        }

        String html;
        try {
            html = IOUtils.readFullyAsString(OAuthServer.class.getResourceAsStream("/assets/microsoft_auth.html"))
+                    .replace("%style%", Themes.getTheme().toColorScheme().toStyleSheet().replace("-monet", "--monet"))
                    .replace("%lang%", Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag())
-                    .replace("%close-page%", i18n("account.methods.microsoft.close_page"));
+                    .replace("%success%", i18n("message.success"))
+                    .replace("%ok%", i18n("button.ok"))
+                    .replace("%close_page%", i18n("account.methods.microsoft.close_page"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.error("Failed to load html", e);
            return newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR, MIME_HTML, "");
@@ -121,9 +166,18 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        return newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.OK, "text/html; charset=UTF-8", html);
    }

+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (!future.isDone())
+            future.completeExceptionally(new AuthenticationException("OAuth server is closing"));
+        stop();
+    }
+
    public static class Factory implements OAuth.Callback {
        public final EventManager<GrantDeviceCodeEvent> onGrantDeviceCode = new EventManager<>();
-        public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowser = new EventManager<>();
+        public final EventManager<LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent> onLoginCompletedDeviceCode = new EventManager<>();
+        public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowserAuthorizationCode = new EventManager<>();
+        public final EventManager<OpenBrowserEvent> onOpenBrowserDevice = new EventManager<>();

        @Override
        public OAuth.Session startServer() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
@@ -150,11 +204,18 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        }

        @Override
-        public void openBrowser(String url) throws IOException {
-            lastlyOpenedURL = url;
-            FXUtils.openLink(url);
+        public void loginCompletedDeviceCode() {
+            onLoginCompletedDeviceCode.fireEvent(new LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent(this));
+        }

-            onOpenBrowser.fireEvent(new OpenBrowserEvent(this, url));
+        @Override
+        public void openBrowser(OAuth.GrantFlow grantFlow, String url) throws IOException {
+            lastlyOpenedURL = url;
+
+            switch (grantFlow) {
+                case AUTHORIZATION_CODE -> onOpenBrowserAuthorizationCode.fireEvent(new OpenBrowserEvent(this, url));
+                case DEVICE -> onOpenBrowserDevice.fireEvent(new OpenBrowserEvent(this, url));
+            }
        }

        @Override
@@ -162,17 +223,6 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
            return System.getProperty("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id",
                    JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.microsoft.auth.id", ""));
        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String getClientSecret() {
-            return System.getProperty("hmcl.microsoft.auth.secret",
-                    JarUtils.getAttribute("hmcl.microsoft.auth.secret", ""));
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isPublicClient() {
-            return true; // We have turned on the device auth flow.
-        }
    }

    public static class GrantDeviceCodeEvent extends Event {
@@ -194,6 +244,12 @@ public final class OAuthServer extends NanoHTTPD implements OAuth.Session {
        }
    }

+    public static class LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent extends Event {
+        public LoginCompletedDeviceCodeEvent(Object source) {
+            super(source);
+        }
+    }
+
    public static class OpenBrowserEvent extends Event {
        private final String url;

@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -65,29 +68,18 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    // ==== Texture Loading ====
-    public static class LoadedTexture {
-        private final Image image;
-        private final Map<String, String> metadata;
-
-        public LoadedTexture(Image image, Map<String, String> metadata) {
-            this.image = requireNonNull(image);
-            this.metadata = requireNonNull(metadata);
-        }
-
-        public Image getImage() {
-            return image;
-        }
-
-        public Map<String, String> getMetadata() {
-            return metadata;
+    public record LoadedTexture(Image image, Map<String, String> metadata) {
+        public LoadedTexture {
+            requireNonNull(image);
+            requireNonNull(metadata);
        }
    }

    private static final ThreadPoolExecutor POOL = threadPool("TexturesDownload", true, 2, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-    private static final Path TEXTURES_DIR = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("skins");
+    private static final Path TEXTURES_DIR = Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("skins");

    private static Path getTexturePath(Texture texture) {
-        String url = texture.getUrl();
+        String url = texture.url();
        int slash = url.lastIndexOf('/');
        int dot = url.lastIndexOf('.');
        if (dot < slash) {
@@ -99,7 +91,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static LoadedTexture loadTexture(Texture texture) throws Throwable {
-        if (StringUtils.isBlank(texture.getUrl())) {
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(texture.url())) {
            throw new IOException("Texture url is empty");
        }

@@ -107,14 +99,14 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
        if (!Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
            // download it
            try {
-                new FileDownloadTask(texture.getUrl(), file).run();
-                LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.getUrl());
+                new FileDownloadTask(texture.url(), file).run();
+                LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.url());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
                    // concurrency conflict?
-                    LOG.warning("Failed to download texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", but the file is available", e);
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to download texture " + texture.url() + ", but the file is available", e);
                } else {
-                    throw new IOException("Failed to download texture " + texture.getUrl());
+                    throw new IOException("Failed to download texture " + texture.url());
                }
            }
        }
@@ -127,7 +119,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
        if (img.isError())
            throw img.getException();

-        Map<String, String> metadata = texture.getMetadata();
+        Map<String, String> metadata = texture.metadata();
        if (metadata == null) {
            metadata = emptyMap();
        }
@@ -158,7 +150,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static TextureModel getDefaultModel(UUID uuid) {
-        return TextureModel.WIDE.modelName.equals(getDefaultSkin(uuid).getMetadata().get("model"))
+        return TextureModel.WIDE.modelName.equals(getDefaultSkin(uuid).metadata().get("model"))
                ? TextureModel.WIDE
                : TextureModel.SLIM;
    }
@@ -176,7 +168,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                            }
                        })
                        .flatMap(it -> Optional.ofNullable(it.get(TextureType.SKIN)))
-                        .filter(it -> StringUtils.isNotBlank(it.getUrl())))
+                        .filter(it -> StringUtils.isNotBlank(it.url())))
                .asyncMap(it -> {
                    if (it.isPresent()) {
                        Texture texture = it.get();
@@ -184,7 +176,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                            try {
                                return loadTexture(texture);
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                                LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", using fallback texture", e);
+                                LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.url() + ", using fallback texture", e);
                                return uuidFallback;
                            }
                        }, POOL);
@@ -195,29 +187,29 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
    }

    public static ObservableValue<LoadedTexture> skinBinding(Account account) {
-        LoadedTexture uuidFallback = getDefaultSkin(account.getUUID());
+        LoadedTexture uuidFallback = getDefaultSkin(account.getProfileID());
        if (account instanceof OfflineAccount) {
            OfflineAccount offlineAccount = (OfflineAccount) account;

            SimpleObjectProperty<LoadedTexture> binding = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
            InvalidationListener listener = o -> {
                Skin skin = offlineAccount.getSkin();
-                String username = offlineAccount.getUsername();
+                String profileName = offlineAccount.getProfileName();

                binding.set(uuidFallback);
                if (skin != null) {
-                    skin.load(username).setExecutor(POOL).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
+                    skin.load(profileName).setExecutor(POOL).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
                        if (exception != null) {
                            LOG.warning("Failed to load texture", exception);
-                        } else if (result != null && result.getSkin() != null && result.getSkin().getImage() != null) {
+                        } else if (result != null && result.skin() != null && result.skin().image() != null) {
                            Map<String, String> metadata;
-                            if (result.getModel() != null) {
-                                metadata = singletonMap("model", result.getModel().modelName);
+                            if (result.model() != null) {
+                                metadata = singletonMap("model", result.model().modelName);
                            } else {
                                metadata = emptyMap();
                            }

-                            binding.set(new LoadedTexture(result.getSkin().getImage(), metadata));
+                            binding.set(new LoadedTexture(result.skin().image(), metadata));
                        }
                    }).start();
                }
@@ -234,12 +226,12 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
                    .asyncMap(textures -> {
                        if (textures.isPresent()) {
                            Texture texture = textures.get().get(TextureType.SKIN);
-                            if (texture != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(texture.getUrl())) {
+                            if (texture != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(texture.url())) {
                                return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
                                    try {
                                        return loadTexture(texture);
                                    } catch (Throwable e) {
-                                        LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.getUrl() + ", using fallback texture", e);
+                                        LOG.warning("Failed to load texture " + texture.url() + ", using fallback texture", e);
                                        return uuidFallback;
                                    }
                                }, POOL);
@@ -318,7 +310,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
            fxAvatarBinding(canvas, skinBinding(account));
        else {
            unbindAvatar(canvas);
-            drawAvatar(canvas, getDefaultSkin(account.getUUID()).image);
+            drawAvatar(canvas, getDefaultSkin(account.getProfileID()).image);
        }
    }

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    public Path getJavaDir(Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
-        return getJavaDir(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.getComponent());
+        return getJavaDir(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
    }

    @Override
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    public Path getManifestFile(Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
-        return getManifestFile(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.getComponent());
+        return getManifestFile(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
    }

    public boolean isInstalled(Platform platform, String name) {
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    public boolean isInstalled(Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
-        return isInstalled(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.getComponent());
+        return isInstalled(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
    }

    public @Nullable Path getJavaExecutable(Platform platform, String name) {
@@ -94,10 +96,10 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    public @Nullable Path getJavaExecutable(Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
-        return getJavaExecutable(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.getComponent());
+        return getJavaExecutable(platform, MOJANG_JAVA_PREFIX + gameJavaVersion.component());
    }

-    private static void getAllJava(List<JavaRuntime> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot, boolean isManaged) {
+    private static void getAllJava(List<Path> list, Platform platform, Path platformRoot) {
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(platformRoot)) {
            for (Path file : stream) {
                try {
@@ -115,8 +117,7 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
                        }

                        if (Files.isDirectory(javaDir)) {
-                            JavaManifest manifest = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(file, JavaManifest.class);
-                            list.add(JavaRuntime.of(executable, manifest.getInfo(), isManaged));
+                            list.add(executable);
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Throwable e) {
@@ -129,28 +130,23 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    }

    @Override
-    public Collection<JavaRuntime> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
+    public Collection<Path> getAllJava(Platform platform) {
        Path platformRoot = getPlatformRoot(platform);
        if (!Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
            return Collections.emptyList();

-        ArrayList<JavaRuntime> list = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, true);
-        if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            platformRoot = root.resolve(platform.getOperatingSystem().getMojangName() + "-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
-            if (Files.isDirectory(platformRoot))
-                getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot, false);
-        }
+        ArrayList<Path> list = new ArrayList<>();

+        getAllJava(list, platform, platformRoot);
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Task<JavaRuntime> getDownloadJavaTask(DownloadProvider downloadProvider, Platform platform, GameJavaVersion gameJavaVersion) {
        Path javaDir = getJavaDir(platform, gameJavaVersion);
+        Path tempDir = getPlatformRoot(platform).resolve(".tmp").resolve(javaDir.getFileName());

-        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
+        return new MojangJavaDownloadTask(downloadProvider, javaDir, tempDir, gameJavaVersion, JavaManager.getMojangJavaPlatform(platform)).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
            Path executable;
            try {
                executable = JavaManager.getExecutable(javaDir).toRealPath();
@@ -163,16 +159,16 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {

            JavaInfo info;
            if (JavaManager.isCompatible(platform))
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
            else
-                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download.getVersion().getName(), null);
+                info = new JavaInfo(platform, result.download().version().name(), null);

            Map<String, Object> update = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            update.put("provider", "mojang");
-            update.put("component", gameJavaVersion.getComponent());
+            update.put("component", gameJavaVersion.component());

            Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-            result.remoteFiles.getFiles().forEach((path, file) -> {
+            result.remoteFiles().files().forEach((path, file) -> {
                if (file instanceof MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) {
                    DownloadInfo downloadInfo = ((MojangJavaRemoteFiles.RemoteFile) file).getDownloads().get("raw");
                    if (downloadInfo != null) {
@@ -194,12 +190,12 @@ public final class HMCLJavaRepository implements JavaRepository {
    public Task<JavaRuntime> getInstallJavaTask(Platform platform, String name, Map<String, Object> update, Path archiveFile) {
        Path javaDir = getJavaDir(platform, name);
        return new JavaInstallTask(javaDir, update, archiveFile).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
-            if (!result.getInfo().getPlatform().equals(platform))
-                throw new IOException("Platform is mismatch: expected " + platform + " but got " + result.getInfo().getPlatform());
+            if (!result.info().getPlatform().equals(platform))
+                throw new IOException("Platform is mismatch: expected " + platform + " but got " + result.info().getPlatform());

            Path executable = javaDir.resolve("bin").resolve(platform.getOperatingSystem().getJavaExecutable()).toRealPath();
            JsonUtils.writeToJsonFile(getManifestFile(platform, name), result);
-            return JavaRuntime.of(executable, result.getInfo(), true);
+            return JavaRuntime.of(executable, result.info(), true);
        });
    }

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;

 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.SystemUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;

 /**
@@ -39,35 +39,10 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
    private JavaInfoUtils() {
    }

-    private static Path tryFindReleaseFile(Path executable) {
-        Path parent = executable.getParent();
-        if (parent != null && parent.getFileName() != null && parent.getFileName().toString().equals("bin")) {
-            Path javaHome = parent.getParent();
-            if (javaHome != null && javaHome.getFileName() != null) {
-                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
-                String javaHomeName = javaHome.getFileName().toString();
-                if ((javaHomeName.contains("jre") || javaHomeName.contains("jdk") || javaHomeName.contains("openj9"))
-                        && Files.isRegularFile(releaseFile)) {
-                    return releaseFile;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable, boolean tryFindReleaseFile) throws IOException {
+    public static @NotNull JavaInfo fromExecutable(Path executable) throws IOException {
        assert executable.isAbsolute();

-        Path releaseFile;
-        if (tryFindReleaseFile && (releaseFile = tryFindReleaseFile(executable)) != null) {
-            try {
-                return JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
-            } catch (IOException ignored) {
-            }
-        }
-
        Path thisPath = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
-
        if (thisPath == null) {
            throw new IOException("Failed to find current HMCL location");
        }
@@ -94,7 +69,6 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
                            ? architecture
                            : Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH);

-
            return new JavaInfo(platform, result.javaVersion, result.javaVendor);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw e;
@@ -103,14 +77,9 @@ public final class JavaInfoUtils {
        }
    }

-    private static final class Result {
-        @SerializedName("os.name")
-        public String osName;
-        @SerializedName("os.arch")
-        public String osArch;
-        @SerializedName("java.version")
-        public String javaVersion;
-        @SerializedName("java.vendor")
-        public String javaVendor;
+    @JsonSerializable
+    private record Result(@SerializedName("os.name") String osName, @SerializedName("os.arch") String osArch,
+                          @SerializedName("java.version") String javaVersion,
+                          @SerializedName("java.vendor") String javaVendor) {
    }
 }
@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.java;

+import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
+import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -25,14 +30,20 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameJavaVersion;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.JavaVersionConstraint;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.Version;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.CacheRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FXThread;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Architecture;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.Platform;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.UnsupportedPlatformException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinReg;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -40,9 +51,14 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;

 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
@@ -55,8 +71,18 @@ public final class JavaManager {
    private JavaManager() {
    }

-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
-    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("java"));
+    private static final String[] KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES = {
+            "Java",
+            "BellSoft",
+            "AdoptOpenJDK",
+            "Zulu",
+            "Microsoft",
+            "Eclipse Foundation",
+            "Semeru"
+    };
+
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("java"));
+    public static final HMCLJavaRepository LOCAL_REPOSITORY = new HMCLJavaRepository(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("java"));

    public static String getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform platform) {
        if (platform.getOperatingSystem() == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
@@ -103,16 +129,27 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
+                    // Windows x86-64 platform is compatible with x86 programs
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86;
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
-                    return OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277 && architecture == Architecture.X86_64 || architecture == Architecture.X86;
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+
+                    // Since Windows 10 Build 21277, Windows Arm64 has been compatible with x86-64 programs via translation
+                    if (architecture == Architecture.X86_64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
+                        return true;
+
+                    // Windows Arm64 is compatible with x86 programs via translation
+                    if (architecture == Architecture.X86)
+                        return true;
+                    return false;
+                }
                break;
            case LINUX:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86;
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
+                // macOS Arm64 compatible with x86-64 programs via Rosetta 2.
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
                    return architecture == Architecture.X86_64;
                break;
        }
@@ -160,12 +197,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
            return javaRuntime;
        }

-        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
+        JavaInfo info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
        return JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false);
    }

    public static void refresh() {
-        Task.supplyAsync(JavaManager::searchPotentialJavaExecutables).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
+        Task.supplyAsync(() -> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(false)).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, exception) -> {
            if (result != null) {
                LATCH.await();
                allJava = result;
@@ -183,9 +220,11 @@ public final class JavaManager {

                    String pathString = javaRuntime.getBinary().toString();

-                    ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().remove(pathString);
-                    if (ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getUserJava().add(pathString)) {
-                        addJava(javaRuntime);
+                    if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()) {
+                        SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().remove(pathString);
+                        if (SettingsManager.userSettings().getUserJava().add(pathString)) {
+                            addJava(javaRuntime);
+                        }
                    }
                    return javaRuntime;
                });
@@ -237,7 +276,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        }
    }

-    // FXThread
+    @FXThread
    public static void addJava(JavaRuntime java) throws InterruptedException {
        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> oldMap = getAllJavaMap();
        if (!oldMap.containsKey(java.getBinary())) {
@@ -248,12 +287,12 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        }
    }

-    // FXThread
+    @FXThread
    public static void removeJava(JavaRuntime java) throws InterruptedException {
        removeJava(java.getBinary());
    }

-    // FXThread
+    @FXThread
    public static void removeJava(Path realPath) throws InterruptedException {
        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> oldMap = getAllJavaMap();
        if (oldMap.containsKey(realPath)) {
@@ -304,7 +343,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {

            for (JavaVersionConstraint constraint : JavaVersionConstraint.ALL) {
                if (constraint.appliesToVersion(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
-                    if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java)) {
+                    if (!constraint.checkJava(gameVersion, version, java, analyzer)) {
                        if (constraint.isMandatory()) {
                            violationMandatory = true;
                        } else {
@@ -326,7 +365,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
    }

    public static void initialize() {
-        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables();
+        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> allJava = searchPotentialJavaExecutables(true);
        JavaManager.allJava = allJava;
        LATCH.countDown();
        FXUtils.runInFX(() -> updateAllJavaProperty(allJava));
@@ -334,56 +373,56 @@ public final class JavaManager {

    // search java

-    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables() {
-        Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
-        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+    private static Map<Path, JavaRuntime> searchPotentialJavaExecutables(boolean useCache) {
+        Searcher searcher = new Searcher(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("javaCache.json"));
+        if (useCache)
+            searcher.loadCache();
+
+        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64)
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                    if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277)
-                        searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
+                    if (Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
+                        searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64);
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.WINDOWS_X86);
                }
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64)
-                    searchAllJavaInRepository(javaRuntimes, Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64())
+                    searcher.searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform.MACOS_X86_64);
                break;
        }

        switch (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS) {
            case WINDOWS:
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
-                queryJavaInRegistryKey(javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Runtime Environment");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\Java Development Kit");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JRE");
+                searcher.queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\JavaSoft\\JDK");

-                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
-                searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
-                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                    searchJavaInProgramFiles(javaRuntimes, "ProgramFiles(ARM)", "C:\\Program Files (ARM)");
-                }
+                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles", "C:\\Program Files");
+                searcher.searchJavaInProgramFiles("ProgramFiles(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)");
                break;
            case LINUX:
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/java"));      // Oracle RPMs
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib/jvm"));   // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib32/jvm")); // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/usr/lib64/jvm")); // General locations
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/.sdkman/candidates/java")); // SDKMAN!
                break;
            case MACOS:
-                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
+                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of("/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                searcher.searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines"));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/bin/java"));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Application Loader.app/Contents/MacOS/itms/java/bin/java"));
                // Homebrew
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
-                searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
-                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Paths.get("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/opt/java/bin/java"));
+                searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk"));
+                try (DirectoryStream<Path> dirs = Files.newDirectoryStream(Path.of("/opt/homebrew/Cellar"), "openjdk@*")) {
                    for (Path dir : dirs) {
-                        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, dir);
+                        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(dir);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    LOG.warning("Failed to get subdirectories of /opt/homebrew/Cellar");
@@ -397,16 +436,16 @@ public final class JavaManager {
        // Search Minecraft bundled runtimes
        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH.isX86()) {
            FileUtils.tryGetPath(System.getenv("localappdata"), "Packages\\Microsoft.4297127D64EC6_8wekyb3d8bbwe\\LocalCache\\Local\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));

            FileUtils.tryGetPath(Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)"), "C:\\Program Files (x86)"), "Minecraft Launcher\\runtime")
-                    .ifPresent(it -> searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, it, false));
+                    .ifPresent(it -> searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(it, false));
        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.LINUX && Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".minecraft/runtime"), false);
        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
+            searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime"), false);
        }
-        searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);
+        searcher.searchAllOfficialJava(CacheRepository.getInstance().getCacheDirectory().resolve("java"), true);

        // Search in PATH.
        if (System.getenv("PATH") != null) {
@@ -420,7 +459,7 @@ public final class JavaManager {
                }

                try {
-                    tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
+                    searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(path, OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS.getJavaExecutable()));
                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                }
            }
@@ -430,16 +469,17 @@ public final class JavaManager {
            String[] paths = System.getenv("HMCL_JRES").split(File.pathSeparator);
            for (String path : paths) {
                try {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(path));
+                    searcher.tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(path));
                } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
                }
            }
        }
-        searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));

-        for (String javaPath : ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getUserJava()) {
+        searcher.searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".jdks"));
+
+        for (String javaPath : SettingsManager.userSettings().getUserJava()) {
            try {
-                tryAddJavaExecutable(javaRuntimes, Paths.get(javaPath));
+                searcher.tryAddJavaExecutable(Path.of(javaPath));
            } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
                LOG.warning("Invalid Java path: " + javaPath);
            }
@@ -447,233 +487,406 @@ public final class JavaManager {

        JavaRuntime currentJava = JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JAVA;
        if (currentJava != null
-                && !javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
-                && !ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(currentJava.getBinary().toString())) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
+                && !searcher.javaRuntimes.containsKey(currentJava.getBinary())
+                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().contains(currentJava.getBinary().toString())) {
+            searcher.addResult(currentJava.getBinary(), currentJava);
        }

-        LOG.trace(javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
+        searcher.saveCache();
+
+        LOG.trace(searcher.javaRuntimes.values().stream().sorted()
                .map(it -> String.format(" - %s %s (%s, %s): %s",
                        it.isJDK() ? "JDK" : "JRE",
                        it.getVersion(),
                        it.getPlatform().getArchitecture().getDisplayName(),
                        Lang.requireNonNullElse(it.getVendor(), "Unknown"),
                        it.getBinary()))
-                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
-
-        return javaRuntimes;
+                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "Finished Java lookup, found " + searcher.javaRuntimes.size() + "\n", "")));
+        return searcher.javaRuntimes;
    }

-    private static void tryAddJavaHome(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path javaHome) {
-        Path executable = getExecutable(javaHome);
-        if (!Files.isRegularFile(executable)) {
-            return;
+    private static final class Searcher {
+        private final Path cacheFile;
+        final Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes = new HashMap<>();
+        private final LinkedHashMap<Path, JavaInfoCache> caches = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        private final Set<Path> failed = new HashSet<>();
+        private boolean needRefreshCache = false;
+
+        Searcher(Path cacheFile) {
+            this.cacheFile = cacheFile;
        }

-        try {
-            executable = executable.toRealPath();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to resolve path " + executable, e);
-            return;
+        private static final Pattern CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?<major>\\d+)(?:\\.(?<minor>\\d+))?");
+        private static final int CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION = 0;
+        private static final int CACHE_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
+
+        private record JavaInfoCache(String key, JavaInfo info) {
        }

-        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
-            return;
-        }
+        void loadCache() {
+            if (Files.notExists(cacheFile))
+                return;

-        JavaInfo info = null;
-
-        Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
-        if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
            try {
-                info = JavaInfo.fromReleaseFile(releaseFile);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to read release file " + releaseFile, e);
+                JsonObject jsonFile = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(cacheFile, JsonObject.class);
+                JsonElement fileVersion = jsonFile.get("version");
+
+                Matcher matcher;
+                if (fileVersion instanceof JsonPrimitive version
+                        && (matcher = CACHE_VERSION_PATTERN.matcher(version.getAsString())).matches()) {
+                    int major = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group("major"));
+
+                    String minorString = matcher.group("minor");
+                    int minor = minorString != null ? Integer.parseInt(minorString) : 0;
+
+                    if (major != CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < CACHE_MINOR_VERSION)
+                        throw new IOException("Unsupported cache file, version: %s".formatted(version.getAsString()));
+                } else
+                    throw new IOException("Invalid version JSON: " + fileVersion);
+
+                JsonArray cachesArray = jsonFile.getAsJsonArray("caches");
+
+                for (JsonElement element : cachesArray) {
+                    try {
+                        var obj = (JsonObject) element;
+
+                        Path realPath = Path.of(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("path").getAsString()).toRealPath();
+                        String key = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("key").getAsString();
+
+                        OperatingSystem osName = OperatingSystem.parseOSName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.name").getAsString());
+                        Architecture osArch = Architecture.parseArchName(obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("os.arch").getAsString());
+                        String javaVersion = obj.getAsJsonPrimitive("java.version").getAsString();
+
+                        JavaInfo.Builder infoBuilder = JavaInfo.newBuilder(Platform.getPlatform(osName, osArch), javaVersion);
+
+                        if (obj.get("java.vendor") instanceof JsonPrimitive vendor)
+                            infoBuilder.setVendor(vendor.getAsString());
+
+                        caches.put(realPath, new JavaInfoCache(key, infoBuilder.build()));
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        LOG.warning("Invalid cache: " + element);
+                        needRefreshCache = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load cache file: " + cacheFile);
+                needRefreshCache = true;
            }
        }

-        if (info == null) {
+        void saveCache() {
+            if (!needRefreshCache)
+                return;
+
+            needRefreshCache = false;
            try {
-                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, false);
+                FileUtils.saveSafely(cacheFile, output -> {
+                    try (var writer = new JsonWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+                        writer.beginObject();
+
+                        writer.name("version").value("%d.%d".formatted(CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION, CACHE_MINOR_VERSION));
+
+                        writer.name("caches");
+                        writer.beginArray();
+                        for (Map.Entry<Path, JavaInfoCache> entry : caches.entrySet()) {
+                            Path path = entry.getKey();
+                            JavaInfoCache cache = entry.getValue();
+                            JavaInfo info = cache.info();
+
+                            writer.beginObject();
+
+                            writer.name("path").value(path.toString());
+                            writer.name("key").value(cache.key());
+
+                            writer.name("os.name").value(info.getPlatform().os().getCheckedName());
+                            writer.name("os.arch").value(info.getPlatform().arch().getCheckedName());
+                            writer.name("java.version").value(info.getVersion());
+                            if (info.getVendor() != null)
+                                writer.name("java.vendor").value(info.getVendor());
+
+                            writer.endObject();
+                        }
+                        writer.endArray();
+
+                        writer.endObject();
+                    }
+                });
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to save cache file: " + cacheFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static @Nullable String createCacheKey(Path realPath) {
+            Path binDir = realPath.getParent();
+            if (binDir == null || !FileUtils.getName(binDir).equals("bin"))
+                return null;
+
+            if (Files.isRegularFile(realPath.resolveSibling("ikvm.properties")))
+                return null;
+
+            Path javaHome = binDir.getParent();
+            if (javaHome == null)
+                return null;
+
+            Path libDir = javaHome.resolve("lib");
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(libDir))
+                return null;
+
+            BasicFileAttributes launcherAttributes;
+            String releaseHash = null;
+            BasicFileAttributes coreLibsAttributes = null;
+
+            try {
+                launcherAttributes = Files.readAttributes(realPath, BasicFileAttributes.class);
+
+                Path releaseFile = javaHome.resolve("release");
+                if (Files.exists(releaseFile)) {
+                    releaseHash = DigestUtils.digestToString("SHA-1", releaseFile);
+                } else {
+                    Path coreLibsFile = libDir.resolve("rt.jar");
+                    if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile)) {
+                        coreLibsFile = javaHome.resolve("jre/lib/rt.jar");
+                        if (!Files.isRegularFile(coreLibsFile))
+                            return null;
+
+                        coreLibsAttributes = Files.readAttributes(coreLibsFile, BasicFileAttributes.class);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to create cache key for " + realPath, e);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+
+            joiner.add("sz:" + launcherAttributes.size());
+            joiner.add("lm:" + launcherAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
+
+            if (releaseHash != null)
+                joiner.add(releaseHash);
+
+            if (coreLibsAttributes != null) {
+                joiner.add("rsz:" + coreLibsAttributes.size());
+                joiner.add("rlm:" + coreLibsAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis());
+            }
+
+            return joiner.toString();
+        }
+
+        void addResult(Path realPath, JavaRuntime javaRuntime) {
+            javaRuntimes.put(realPath, javaRuntime);
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaHome(Path javaHome) {
+            tryAddJavaExecutable(getExecutable(javaHome));
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable) {
+            tryAddJavaExecutable(executable, false);
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaExecutable(Path executable, boolean isManaged) {
+            try {
+                executable = executable.toRealPath();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable)
+                    || failed.contains(executable)
+                    || SettingsManager.userSettings().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            String cacheKey = createCacheKey(executable);
+            if (cacheKey != null) {
+                JavaInfoCache cache = caches.get(executable);
+                if (cache != null) {
+                    if (isCompatible(cache.info().getPlatform()) && cacheKey.equals(cache.key())) {
+                        javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, cache.info(), isManaged));
+                        return;
+                    } else {
+                        caches.remove(executable);
+                        needRefreshCache = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (caches.remove(executable) != null) {
+                needRefreshCache = true;
+            }
+
+            JavaInfo info;
+            try {
+                info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
+                failed.add(executable);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (cacheKey != null) {
+                caches.put(executable, new JavaInfoCache(cacheKey, info));
+                needRefreshCache = true;
+            }
+
+            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, isManaged));
+        }
+
+        void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
+            Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
+            if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
+                return;
+
+            Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
+
+            if (verify) {
+                try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
+                    String line;
+                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
+
+                        int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
+                        if (idx <= 0)
+                            throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
+
+                        Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
+
+                        // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
+                        if (Files.notExists(file))
+                            throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
+                if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(macPath);
+                    return;
+                } else
+                    LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
+            }
+
+            tryAddJavaHome(dir);
+        }
+
+        void searchAllJavaInRepository(Platform platform) {
+            for (Path java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
+            }
+
+            for (Path java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
+                tryAddJavaExecutable(java, true);
+            }
+
+            if (platform.os() == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                // In the past, we used 'osx' as the checked name for macOS
+                Path platformRoot = REPOSITORY.getPlatformRoot(platform).resolveSibling("osx-" + platform.getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(platformRoot);
            }
        }

-        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform()))
-            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
-    }
+        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, boolean verify) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
+                return;
+            // Examples:
+            // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
+            // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta

-    private static void tryAddJavaExecutable(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path executable) {
-        try {
-            executable = executable.toRealPath();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            return;
+            String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
+            if (javaPlatform != null) {
+                searchAllOfficialJava(directory, javaPlatform, verify);
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+                } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
+                    if (Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
+                        searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
+                    }
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+                }
+            } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
+                if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64 && Platform.isSupportedTranslationX86_64()) {
+                    searchAllOfficialJava(directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
+                }
+            }
        }

-        if (javaRuntimes.containsKey(executable) || ConfigHolder.globalConfig().getDisabledJava().contains(executable.toString())) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        JavaInfo info = null;
-        try {
-            info = JavaInfoUtils.fromExecutable(executable, true);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to lookup Java executable at " + executable, e);
-        }
-
-        if (info != null && isCompatible(info.getPlatform())) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(executable, JavaRuntime.of(executable, info, false));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void tryAddJavaInComponentDir(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String platform, Path component, boolean verify) {
-        Path sha1File = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName() + ".sha1");
-        if (!Files.isRegularFile(sha1File))
-            return;
-
-        Path dir = component.resolve(platform).resolve(component.getFileName());
-
-        if (verify) {
-            try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sha1File)) {
-                String line;
-                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-                    if (line.isEmpty()) continue;
-
-                    int idx = line.indexOf(" /#//");
-                    if (idx <= 0)
-                        throw new IOException("Illegal line: " + line);
-
-                    Path file = dir.resolve(line.substring(0, idx));
-
-                    // Should we check the sha1 of files? This will take a lot of time.
-                    if (Files.notExists(file))
-                        throw new NoSuchFileException(file.toAbsolutePath().toString());
+        void searchAllOfficialJava(Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
+                for (Path component : dir) {
+                    tryAddJavaInComponentDir(platform, component, verify);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to verify Java in " + component, e);
-                return;
+                LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
            }
        }

-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS) {
-            Path macPath = dir.resolve("jre.bundle/Contents/Home");
-            if (Files.exists(macPath)) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, macPath);
+        void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Path directory) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
                return;
-            } else
-                LOG.warning("The Java is not in 'jre.bundle/Contents/Home'");
-        }
+            }

-        tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, dir);
-    }
-
-    private static void searchAllJavaInRepository(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Platform platform) {
-        for (JavaRuntime java : REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
-        }
-
-        for (JavaRuntime java : LOCAL_REPOSITORY.getAllJava(platform)) {
-            javaRuntimes.put(java.getBinary(), java);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, boolean verify) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory))
-            return;
-        // Examples:
-        // $HOME/Library/Application Support/minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/mac-os/java-runtime-beta/jre.bundle/Contents/Home
-        // $HOME/.minecraft/runtime/java-runtime-beta/linux/java-runtime-beta
-
-        String javaPlatform = getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.SYSTEM_PLATFORM);
-        if (javaPlatform != null) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, javaPlatform, verify);
-        }
-
-        if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS) {
-            if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.X86_64) {
-                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
-            } else if (Architecture.SYSTEM_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-                if (OperatingSystem.SYSTEM_BUILD_NUMBER >= 21277) {
-                    searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86_64), verify);
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir);
                }
-                searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS_X86), verify);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
            }
-        } else if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.MACOS && Architecture.CURRENT_ARCH == Architecture.ARM64) {
-            searchAllOfficialJava(javaRuntimes, directory, getMojangJavaPlatform(Platform.MACOS_X86_64), verify);
        }
-    }

-    private static void searchAllOfficialJava(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory, String platform, boolean verify) {
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> dir = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            // component can be jre-legacy, java-runtime-alpha, java-runtime-beta, java-runtime-gamma or any other being added in the future.
-            for (Path component : dir) {
-                tryAddJavaInComponentDir(javaRuntimes, platform, component, verify);
+        void searchJavaInProgramFiles(String env, String defaultValue) {
+            String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
+            Path path;
+            try {
+                path = Path.of(programFiles);
+            } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
+                return;
            }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to list java-runtime directory " + directory, e);
-        }
-    }

-    private static void searchAllJavaInDirectory(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir);
+            for (String vendor : KNOWN_VENDOR_DIRECTORIES) {
+                searchAllJavaInDirectory(path.resolve(vendor));
            }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchJavaInProgramFiles(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, String env, String defaultValue) {
-        String programFiles = Lang.requireNonNullElse(System.getenv(env), defaultValue);
-        Path path;
-        try {
-            path = Paths.get(programFiles);
-        } catch (InvalidPathException ignored) {
-            return;
        }

-        for (String vendor : new String[]{"Java", "BellSoft", "AdoptOpenJDK", "Zulu", "Microsoft", "Eclipse Foundation", "Semeru"}) {
-            searchAllJavaInDirectory(javaRuntimes, path.resolve(vendor));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, Path directory) {
-        if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
-            for (Path subDir : stream) {
-                tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
+        void searchJavaInMacJavaVirtualMachines(Path directory) {
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(directory)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory)) {
+                for (Path subDir : stream) {
+                    tryAddJavaHome(subDir.resolve("Contents/Home"));
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
            }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to find Java in " + directory, e);
        }
-    }

-    // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
-    private static void queryJavaInRegistryKey(Map<Path, JavaRuntime> javaRuntimes, WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
-        WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
-        if (reg == null)
-            return;
+        // ==== Windows Registry Support ====
+        void queryJavaInRegistryKey(WinReg.HKEY hkey, String location) {
+            WinReg reg = WinReg.INSTANCE;
+            if (reg == null)
+                return;

-        for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
-            if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
-                continue;
-            Object home = reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome");
-            if (home instanceof String) {
-                try {
-                    tryAddJavaHome(javaRuntimes, Paths.get((String) home));
-                } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
-                    LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
+            for (String java : reg.querySubKeys(hkey, location)) {
+                if (!reg.querySubKeys(hkey, java).contains(java + "\\MSI"))
+                    continue;
+                if (reg.queryValue(hkey, java, "JavaHome") instanceof String home) {
+                    try {
+                        tryAddJavaHome(Path.of(home));
+                    } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
+                        LOG.warning("Invalid Java path in system registry: " + home);
+                    }
                }
            }
        }
+
    }
 }
@@ -34,33 +34,7 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.mapTypeOf;
 * @author Glavo
 */
@JsonAdapter(JavaManifest.Serializer.class)
-public final class JavaManifest {
-
-    private final JavaInfo info;
-
-    @Nullable
-    private final Map<String, Object> update;
-
-    @Nullable
-    private final Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files;
-
-    public JavaManifest(JavaInfo info, @Nullable Map<String, Object> update, @Nullable Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files) {
-        this.info = info;
-        this.update = update;
-        this.files = files;
-    }
-
-    public JavaInfo getInfo() {
-        return info;
-    }
-
-    public Map<String, Object> getUpdate() {
-        return update;
-    }
-
-    public Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> getFiles() {
-        return files;
-    }
+public record JavaManifest(JavaInfo info, @Nullable Map<String, Object> update, @Nullable Map<String, JavaLocalFiles.Local> files) {

    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<JavaManifest>, JsonDeserializer<JavaManifest> {

@@ -69,16 +43,16 @@ public final class JavaManifest {
        @Override
        public JsonElement serialize(JavaManifest src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
            JsonObject res = new JsonObject();
-            res.addProperty("os.name", src.getInfo().getPlatform().getOperatingSystem().getCheckedName());
-            res.addProperty("os.arch", src.getInfo().getPlatform().getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
-            res.addProperty("java.version", src.getInfo().getVersion());
-            res.addProperty("java.vendor", src.getInfo().getVendor());
+            res.addProperty("os.name", src.info().getPlatform().getOperatingSystem().getCheckedName());
+            res.addProperty("os.arch", src.info().getPlatform().getArchitecture().getCheckedName());
+            res.addProperty("java.version", src.info().getVersion());
+            res.addProperty("java.vendor", src.info().getVendor());

-            if (src.getUpdate() != null)
-                res.add("update", context.serialize(src.getUpdate()));
+            if (src.update() != null)
+                res.add("update", context.serialize(src.update()));

-            if (src.getFiles() != null)
-                res.add("files", context.serialize(src.getFiles(), LOCAL_FILES_TYPE));
+            if (src.files() != null)
+                res.add("files", context.serialize(src.files(), LOCAL_FILES_TYPE));

            return res;
        }
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores account metadata records in a detached JSON file.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved under the `config` directory and stores account metadata in the `accounts` list.
+/// Private account data is persisted separately in [AccountPrivateData].
+@JsonAdapter(AccountMetadataStore.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+final class AccountMetadataStore extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this account metadata store.
+    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("accounts", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty account metadata store.
+    AccountMetadataStore() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        tracker.markDirty(accounts);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an account metadata store from already serialized account records.
+    ///
+    /// @param records the serialized account records
+    /// @return an account metadata store containing the given records
+    static AccountMetadataStore fromRecords(List<JsonObject> records) {
+        AccountMetadataStore result = new AccountMetadataStore();
+        result.getAccounts().setAll(records);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a copy of this account metadata store with replacement account records.
+    ///
+    /// @param records the replacement account records
+    /// @return a copy preserving this store's schema and unknown top-level members
+    AccountMetadataStore copyWithRecords(List<JsonObject> records) {
+        AccountMetadataStore result = new AccountMetadataStore();
+        result.setSchema(getSchema());
+        result.getAccounts().setAll(records);
+        result.unknownFields.putAll(unknownFields);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this account metadata store file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this account metadata store file.
+    @Override
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this account metadata store file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this account metadata store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Serialized account records.
+    @SerializedName("accounts")
+    private final ObservableList<JsonObject> accounts = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    /// Returns serialized account records.
+    public ObservableList<JsonObject> getAccounts() {
+        return accounts;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [AccountMetadataStore].
+    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AccountMetadataStore> {
+        /// Creates an empty account metadata store for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected AccountMetadataStore createInstance() {
+            return new AccountMetadataStore();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
+import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AccountID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores private account data in a protected payload.
+@JsonAdapter(AccountPrivateData.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+final class AccountPrivateData extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this account private data store.
+    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("account-private-data", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// JVM system property selecting the account private data protection mode.
+    static final String PROTECTION_PROPERTY = "hmcl.account.privateData.protection";
+
+    /// Creates an empty account private data store.
+    AccountPrivateData() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        tracker.markDirty(privateData);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this account private data store file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Private account data keyed by account ID.
+    private final ObservableMap<AccountID, JsonObject> privateData =
+            FXCollections.observableMap(new LinkedHashMap<>());
+
+    /// Whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this account private data store file.
+    @Override
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this account private data store file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns private account data keyed by account ID.
+    ObservableMap<AccountID, JsonObject> getPrivateData() {
+        return privateData;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the protection mode selected for writing account private data.
+    private static ProtectedPayload.ProtectionMode protectionMode() {
+        return ProtectedPayload.ProtectionMode.fromConfiguredId(System.getProperty(PROTECTION_PROPERTY));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this account private data store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Finds the first private data entry matching an account ID.
+    ///
+    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
+    /// @param privateDataStores private data stores searched in order
+    /// @return the first matching private data object, or `null` if no store contains one
+    static @Nullable JsonObject findPrivateData(
+            AccountID accountID,
+            List<AccountPrivateData> privateDataStores) {
+        for (AccountPrivateData privateDataStore : privateDataStores) {
+            @Nullable JsonObject accountPrivateData = privateDataStore.privateData.get(accountID);
+            if (accountPrivateData != null) {
+                return accountPrivateData;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this store contains private data for the account ID.
+    ///
+    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
+    /// @return whether this store contains private data for the account ID
+    boolean containsPrivateData(AccountID accountID) {
+        return privateData.containsKey(accountID);
+    }
+
+    /// Removes private data for the account ID.
+    ///
+    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
+    /// @return whether private data was removed
+    boolean removePrivateData(AccountID accountID) {
+        return privateData.remove(accountID) != null;
+    }
+
+    /// Stores private data for the account ID, or removes existing private data when the object is empty.
+    ///
+    /// @param accountID the stable account ID
+    /// @param accountPrivateData the private account data
+    void putPrivateData(AccountID accountID, JsonObject accountPrivateData) {
+        if (accountPrivateData.isEmpty()) {
+            privateData.remove(accountID);
+        } else {
+            privateData.put(accountID, accountPrivateData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces this private data store with another store.
+    ///
+    /// @param other the private data store to copy from
+    void replaceWith(AccountPrivateData other) {
+        privateData.clear();
+        for (Map.Entry<AccountID, JsonObject> entry : other.privateData.entrySet()) {
+            putPrivateData(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [AccountPrivateData].
+    static final class Adapter implements JsonSerializer<AccountPrivateData>,
+            com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<AccountPrivateData> {
+        /// Creates the JSON payload protected inside an account private data file.
+        ///
+        /// @param accountPrivateData the private data store to serialize
+        /// @param context the JSON serialization context
+        /// @return the plain payload before protection
+        private static JsonArray createPayload(
+                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
+                JsonSerializationContext context) {
+            JsonArray payload = new JsonArray();
+            for (Map.Entry<AccountID, JsonObject> entry : accountPrivateData.privateData.entrySet()) {
+                JsonObject item = new JsonObject();
+                item.add("accountID", context.serialize(entry.getKey(), AccountID.class));
+                item.add("privateData", entry.getValue());
+                payload.add(item);
+            }
+            return payload;
+        }
+
+        /// Reads an account ID from a private data entry.
+        private static @Nullable AccountID readAccountID(
+                @Nullable JsonElement accountIDElement,
+                JsonDeserializationContext context) {
+            if (accountIDElement == null || accountIDElement.isJsonNull()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                return context.deserialize(accountIDElement, AccountID.class);
+            } catch (JsonParseException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Reads the protected payload into the given private data store.
+        ///
+        /// @param accountPrivateData the private data store to update
+        /// @param payload the revealed payload
+        /// @param context the JSON deserialization context
+        private static void readPayload(
+                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
+                JsonArray payload,
+                JsonDeserializationContext context) {
+            for (JsonElement itemElement : payload) {
+                if (!(itemElement instanceof JsonObject item)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                @Nullable AccountID accountID = readAccountID(item.get("accountID"), context);
+                if (accountID == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                JsonElement privateDataElement = item.get("privateData");
+                if (privateDataElement == null || !privateDataElement.isJsonObject()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                accountPrivateData.putPrivateData(accountID, privateDataElement.getAsJsonObject());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Serializes the private data store as a protected payload envelope.
+        @Override
+        public JsonElement serialize(
+                AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData,
+                Type typeOfSrc,
+                JsonSerializationContext context) {
+            JsonObject result = new JsonObject();
+            result.addProperty(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA, accountPrivateData.getSchema().url());
+            protectionMode().writePayload(result, createPayload(accountPrivateData, context));
+            accountPrivateData.unknownFields.forEach(result::add);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// Deserializes the private data store from a protected payload envelope.
+        @Override
+        public @Nullable AccountPrivateData deserialize(
+                @Nullable JsonElement json,
+                Type typeOfT,
+                JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
+            if (json == null || json.isJsonNull()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject object)) {
+                throw new JsonParseException("Account private data is not an object");
+            }
+
+            AccountPrivateData accountPrivateData = new AccountPrivateData();
+            Map<String, JsonElement> values = new LinkedHashMap<>(object.asMap());
+            JsonElement schema = values.remove(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA);
+            if (schema != null && schema.isJsonPrimitive() && schema.getAsJsonPrimitive().isString()) {
+                accountPrivateData.setSchema(new JsonSchema(schema.getAsString()));
+            }
+            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_PROTECTION);
+            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_NONCE);
+            values.remove(ProtectedPayload.PROPERTY_PAYLOAD);
+            accountPrivateData.unknownFields.putAll(values);
+
+            readPayload(accountPrivateData, ProtectedPayload.read(object, JsonArray.class), context);
+            return accountPrivateData;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
 import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import javafx.beans.Observable;
 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
 import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener;
 import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -35,28 +35,27 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.offline.OfflineAccountFactory;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.RemoteAuthenticationException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.OAuthServer;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Schedulers;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.skin.InvalidSkinException;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

 import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.Reader;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;

 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 import static javafx.collections.FXCollections.observableArrayList;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.globalConfig;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAccountMetadataRecords;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAuthlibInjectorServers;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getUserAccountMetadataRecords;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.userSettings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.immutableListOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.mapOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.listTypeOf;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils.mapTypeOf;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

@@ -120,9 +119,6 @@ public final class Accounts {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to determine account type: " + account);
    }

-    private static final String GLOBAL_PREFIX = "$GLOBAL:";
-    private static final ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> globalAccountStorages = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-
    private static final ObservableList<Account> accounts = observableArrayList(account -> new Observable[]{account});
    private static final ObjectProperty<Account> selectedAccount = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Accounts.class, "selectedAccount");

@@ -131,120 +127,219 @@ public final class Accounts {
     */
    private static boolean initialized = false;

-    private static Map<Object, Object> getAccountStorage(Account account) {
-        Map<Object, Object> storage = account.toStorage();
-        storage.put("type", getLoginType(getAccountFactory(account)));
-        return storage;
+    private static SerializedAccount serializeAccount(Account account) {
+        JsonObject metadata = new JsonObject();
+        metadata.addProperty("type", getLoginType(getAccountFactory(account)));
+        account.writeMetadata(metadata);
+        JsonObject privateData = new JsonObject();
+        account.writePrivateData(privateData);
+        return new SerializedAccount(metadata, privateData);
    }

-    private static void updateAccountStorages() {
-        // don't update the underlying storage before data loading is completed
+    /// Ensures account IDs are unique across local and shared account metadata records before accounts are instantiated.
+    private static AccountIDNormalization ensureUniqueAccountIDs() {
+        Set<String> usedAccountIDs = new HashSet<>();
+        boolean localChanged = LegacyConfigMigrator.assignAccountIDs(
+                SettingsManager.gameAccounts(),
+                usedAccountIDs,
+                false);
+        boolean sharedChanged = LegacyConfigMigrator.assignAccountIDs(
+                SettingsManager.userGameAccounts(),
+                usedAccountIDs,
+                true);
+        return new AccountIDNormalization(localChanged, sharedChanged);
+    }
+
+    /// Result of normalizing account IDs across loaded metadata stores.
+    ///
+    /// @param localChanged whether the per-workspace account metadata changed
+    /// @param sharedChanged whether the shared account metadata changed
+    private record AccountIDNormalization(boolean localChanged, boolean sharedChanged) {
+    }
+
+    /// Returns account IDs from metadata records.
+    ///
+    /// @param first the first metadata record list
+    /// @param second the second metadata record list
+    /// @return account IDs found in the metadata records
+    private static List<AccountID> getAccountIDs(List<JsonObject> first, List<JsonObject> second) {
+        ArrayList<AccountID> accountIDs = new ArrayList<>(first.size() + second.size());
+        addAccountIDs(accountIDs, first);
+        addAccountIDs(accountIDs, second);
+        return accountIDs;
+    }
+
+    /// Adds account IDs from metadata records to a target list.
+    ///
+    /// @param accountIDs the target account ID list
+    /// @param metadataRecords the metadata records to read
+    private static void addAccountIDs(List<AccountID> accountIDs, List<JsonObject> metadataRecords) {
+        for (JsonObject metadata : metadataRecords) {
+            @Nullable AccountID accountID = Account.getAccountID(metadata);
+            if (accountID != null && !accountIDs.contains(accountID)) {
+                accountIDs.add(accountID);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void updateAccountMetadataRecords() {
+        // don't update the underlying account records before data loading is completed
        // otherwise it might cause data loss
        if (!initialized)
            return;
-        // update storage
-
-        ArrayList<Map<Object, Object>> global = new ArrayList<>();
-        ArrayList<Map<Object, Object>> portable = new ArrayList<>();
+        ArrayList<JsonObject> globalMetadata = new ArrayList<>();
+        LinkedHashMap<AccountID, JsonObject> globalPrivateData = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        ArrayList<JsonObject> portableMetadata = new ArrayList<>();
+        LinkedHashMap<AccountID, JsonObject> portablePrivateData = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        for (Account account : accounts) {
-            Map<Object, Object> storage = getAccountStorage(account);
-            if (account.isPortable())
-                portable.add(storage);
-            else
-                global.add(storage);
-        }
-
-        if (!global.equals(globalAccountStorages))
-            globalAccountStorages.setAll(global);
-        if (!portable.equals(config().getAccountStorages()))
-            config().getAccountStorages().setAll(portable);
-    }
-
-    private static void loadGlobalAccountStorages() {
-        Path globalAccountsFile = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("accounts.json");
-        if (Files.exists(globalAccountsFile)) {
-            try (Reader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(globalAccountsFile)) {
-                globalAccountStorages.setAll(Config.CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(reader, listTypeOf(mapTypeOf(Object.class, Object.class))));
-            } catch (Throwable e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to load global accounts", e);
+            SerializedAccount serialized = serializeAccount(account);
+            if (account.isPortable()) {
+                portableMetadata.add(serialized.metadata());
+                if (!serialized.privateData().isEmpty()) {
+                    portablePrivateData.put(account.getAccountID(), serialized.privateData());
+                }
+            } else {
+                globalMetadata.add(serialized.metadata());
+                if (!serialized.privateData().isEmpty()) {
+                    globalPrivateData.put(account.getAccountID(), serialized.privateData());
+                }
            }
        }

-        globalAccountStorages.addListener(onInvalidating(() ->
-                FileSaver.save(globalAccountsFile, Config.CONFIG_GSON.toJson(globalAccountStorages))));
+        List<AccountID> retainedAccountIDs = getAccountIDs(globalMetadata, portableMetadata);
+        if (!SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly())
+            SettingsManager.updateUserGameAccounts(globalMetadata, globalPrivateData, retainedAccountIDs);
+        if (!SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly())
+            SettingsManager.updateGameAccounts(portableMetadata, portablePrivateData, retainedAccountIDs);
    }

-    private static Account parseAccount(Map<Object, Object> storage) {
-        AccountFactory<?> factory = type2factory.get(storage.get("type"));
+    /// Returns whether the account metadata and credential files selected by the portability flag are read-only.
+    ///
+    /// @param portable whether the account is stored in the local account file
+    public static boolean isAccountFilesReadOnly(boolean portable) {
+        return portable ? SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly() : SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the files containing the given account are read-only.
+    public static boolean isAccountFilesReadOnly(Account account) {
+        return isAccountFilesReadOnly(account.isPortable());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the given account may be removed from its current account files.
+    public static boolean canRemoveAccount(Account account) {
+        return !isAccountFilesReadOnly(account);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the given account may be moved between local and user account files.
+    public static boolean canMoveAccount(Account account) {
+        return !SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly() && !SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly();
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites the account metadata and credential files selected by the portability flag.
+    ///
+    /// @param portable whether the target account files are local
+    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
+    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles(boolean portable) throws IOException {
+        if (portable) {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteGameAccounts();
+        } else {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameAccounts();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites the account files containing the given account.
+    ///
+    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
+    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles(Account account) throws IOException {
+        forceOverwriteAccountFiles(account.isPortable());
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites both local and user account metadata and credential files.
+    ///
+    /// @throws IOException if saving either file fails
+    public static void forceOverwriteAccountFiles() throws IOException {
+        if (SettingsManager.isGameAccountsReadOnly()) {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteGameAccounts();
+        }
+        if (SettingsManager.isUserGameAccountsReadOnly()) {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameAccounts();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Account parseAccount(JsonObject record, boolean portable) {
+        AccountFactory<?> factory = type2factory.get(JsonUtils.getString(record, "type"));
        if (factory == null) {
-            LOG.warning("Unrecognized account type: " + storage);
+            LOG.warning("Unrecognized account type: " + describeAccountRecord(record));
            return null;
        }

        try {
-            return factory.fromStorage(storage);
+            AccountID accountID = Account.readAccountID(record);
+            return factory.fromStorage(record, SettingsManager.getAccountPrivateData(accountID, portable));
        } catch (Exception e) {
-            LOG.warning("Failed to load account: " + storage, e);
+            LOG.warning("Failed to load account: " + describeAccountRecord(record), e);
            return null;
        }
    }

-    /**
-     * Called when it's ready to load accounts from {@link ConfigHolder#config()}.
-     */
-    static void init() {
+    /// Serialized account metadata and private data.
+    ///
+    /// @param metadata public metadata stored in `accounts.json`
+    /// @param privateData private account data stored in account private data
+    private record SerializedAccount(JsonObject metadata, JsonObject privateData) {
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a safe account record description for diagnostics.
+    private static String describeAccountRecord(JsonObject record) {
+        AccountID accountID = Account.getAccountID(record);
+        if (accountID != null) {
+            return accountID.toString();
+        }
+
+        String type = JsonUtils.getString(record, "type");
+        return type != null ? "{type=" + type + "}" : "<unknown>";
+    }
+
+    /// Called when it's ready to load accounts from [SettingsManager#settings()].
+    public static void init() {
        if (initialized)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized");

-        if (!config().isAddedLittleSkin()) {
-            AuthlibInjectorServer littleSkin = new AuthlibInjectorServer("https://littleskin.cn/api/yggdrasil/");
-
-            if (config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream().noneMatch(it -> littleSkin.getUrl().equals(it.getUrl()))) {
-                config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(0, littleSkin);
-            }
-
-            config().setAddedLittleSkin(true);
+        AccountIDNormalization accountIDNormalization = ensureUniqueAccountIDs();
+        if (accountIDNormalization.localChanged()) {
+            SettingsManager.saveGameAccountMetadataRecords();
+        }
+        if (accountIDNormalization.sharedChanged()) {
+            SettingsManager.saveUserGameAccountMetadataRecords();
        }
-
-        loadGlobalAccountStorages();

        // load accounts
        Account selected = null;
-        for (Map<Object, Object> storage : config().getAccountStorages()) {
-            Account account = parseAccount(storage);
+        for (JsonObject record : getAccountMetadataRecords()) {
+            Account account = parseAccount(record, true);
            if (account != null) {
                account.setPortable(true);
                accounts.add(account);
-                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(storage.get("selected"))) {
+                if (JsonUtils.getBoolean(record, "selected", false)) {
                    selected = account;
                }
            }
        }

-        for (Map<Object, Object> storage : globalAccountStorages) {
-            Account account = parseAccount(storage);
+        for (JsonObject record : getUserAccountMetadataRecords()) {
+            Account account = parseAccount(record, false);
            if (account != null) {
                accounts.add(account);
            }
        }

-        String selectedAccountIdentifier = config().getSelectedAccount();
-        if (selected == null && selectedAccountIdentifier != null) {
-            boolean portable = true;
-            if (selectedAccountIdentifier.startsWith(GLOBAL_PREFIX)) {
-                portable = false;
-                selectedAccountIdentifier = selectedAccountIdentifier.substring(GLOBAL_PREFIX.length());
-            }
-
+        AccountID selectedAccountID = settings().selectedAccountProperty().get();
+        if (selected == null && selectedAccountID != null) {
            for (Account account : accounts) {
-                if (selectedAccountIdentifier.equals(account.getIdentifier())) {
-                    if (portable == account.isPortable()) {
-                        selected = account;
-                        break;
-                    } else if (selected == null) {
-                        selected = account;
-                    }
+                if (account.getAccountID().equals(selectedAccountID)) {
+                    selected = account;
+                    break;
                }
            }
        }
@@ -253,15 +348,18 @@ public final class Accounts {
            selected = accounts.get(0);
        }

-        if (!globalConfig().isEnableOfflineAccount())
+        if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()
+                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().enableOfflineAccountProperty().get())
            for (Account account : accounts) {
                if (account instanceof MicrosoftAccount) {
-                    globalConfig().setEnableOfflineAccount(true);
+                    UserSettings userSettings = userSettings();
+                    userSettings.enableOfflineAccountProperty().set(true);
                    break;
                }
            }

-        if (!globalConfig().isEnableOfflineAccount())
+        if (!SettingsManager.isUserSettingsReadOnly()
+                && !SettingsManager.userSettings().enableOfflineAccountProperty().get())
            accounts.addListener(new ListChangeListener<Account>() {
                @Override
                public void onChanged(Change<? extends Account> change) {
@@ -269,7 +367,8 @@ public final class Accounts {
                        for (Account account : change.getAddedSubList()) {
                            if (account instanceof MicrosoftAccount) {
                                accounts.removeListener(this);
-                                globalConfig().setEnableOfflineAccount(true);
+                                UserSettings userSettings = userSettings();
+                                userSettings.enableOfflineAccountProperty().set(true);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
@@ -281,7 +380,7 @@ public final class Accounts {

        InvalidationListener listener = o -> {
            // this method first checks whether the current selection is valid
-            // if it's valid, the underlying storage will be updated
+            // if it's valid, the underlying account records will be updated
            // otherwise, the first account will be selected as an alternative(or null if accounts is empty)
            Account account = selectedAccount.get();
            if (accounts.isEmpty()) {
@@ -304,16 +403,16 @@ public final class Accounts {
        selectedAccount.addListener(onInvalidating(() -> {
            Account account = selectedAccount.get();
            if (account != null)
-                config().setSelectedAccount(account.isPortable() ? account.getIdentifier() : GLOBAL_PREFIX + account.getIdentifier());
+                settings().selectedAccountProperty().set(account.getAccountID());
            else
-                config().setSelectedAccount(null);
+                settings().selectedAccountProperty().set(null);
        }));
        accounts.addListener(listener);
-        accounts.addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::updateAccountStorages));
+        accounts.addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::updateAccountMetadataRecords));

        initialized = true;

-        config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::removeDanglingAuthlibInjectorAccounts));
+        getAuthlibInjectorServers().addListener(onInvalidating(Accounts::removeDanglingAuthlibInjectorAccounts));

        if (selected != null) {
            Account finalSelected = selected;
@@ -326,7 +425,7 @@ public final class Accounts {
            });
        }

-        for (AuthlibInjectorServer server : config().getAuthlibInjectorServers()) {
+        for (AuthlibInjectorServer server : getAuthlibInjectorServers()) {
            if (selected instanceof AuthlibInjectorAccount && ((AuthlibInjectorAccount) selected).getServer() == server)
                continue;
            Schedulers.io().execute(() -> {
@@ -373,12 +472,12 @@ public final class Accounts {
    }

    private static AuthlibInjectorServer getOrCreateAuthlibInjectorServer(String url) {
-        return config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream()
+        return getAuthlibInjectorServers().stream()
                .filter(server -> url.equals(server.getUrl()))
                .findFirst()
                .orElseGet(() -> {
                    AuthlibInjectorServer server = new AuthlibInjectorServer(url);
-                    config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
+                    getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
                    return server;
                });
    }
@@ -391,7 +490,8 @@ public final class Accounts {
        accounts.stream()
                .filter(AuthlibInjectorAccount.class::isInstance)
                .map(AuthlibInjectorAccount.class::cast)
-                .filter(it -> !config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().contains(it.getServer()))
+                .filter(it -> !getAuthlibInjectorServers().contains(it.getServer()))
+                .filter(Accounts::canRemoveAccount)
                .collect(toList())
                .forEach(accounts::remove);
    }
@@ -414,6 +514,12 @@ public final class Accounts {
            return i18n("account.failed.no_character");
        } else if (exception instanceof ServerDisconnectException) {
            if (exception.getCause() instanceof SSLException) {
+                if (exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("Remote host terminated")) {
+                    return i18n("account.failed.connect_authentication_server");
+                }
+                if (exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && (exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No name matching") || exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No subject alternative DNS name matching"))) {
+                    return i18n("account.failed.dns");
+                }
                return i18n("account.failed.ssl");
            } else {
                return i18n("account.failed.connect_authentication_server");
@@ -462,10 +568,12 @@ public final class Accounts {
            }
        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.XBox400Exception) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.wrong_verify_method");
-        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.NoMinecraftJavaEditionProfileException) {
+        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.MinecraftJavaEditionLicenseNotFoundException) {
+            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.no_license");
+        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.MinecraftJavaEditionProfileNotFoundException) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.no_character");
        } else if (exception instanceof MicrosoftService.NoXuiException) {
-            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.add_family_probably");
+            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.error.add_family");
        } else if (exception instanceof OAuthServer.MicrosoftAuthenticationNotSupportedException) {
            return i18n("account.methods.microsoft.snapshot");
        } else if (exception instanceof OAuthAccount.WrongAccountException) {
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores per-workspace authlib-injector authentication servers.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved as `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`
+/// under the current HMCL directory.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@JsonAdapter(AuthlibInjectorServerList.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+public final class AuthlibInjectorServerList extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The LittleSkin Yggdrasil API endpoint bundled into newly created server lists.
+    public static final String LITTLE_SKIN_URL = "https://littleskin.cn/api/yggdrasil/";
+
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this authlib-injector server list.
+    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("authlib-injector-servers", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty authlib-injector server list.
+    public AuthlibInjectorServerList() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the default authlib-injector server list for a newly created file.
+    public static AuthlibInjectorServerList createDefault() {
+        AuthlibInjectorServerList result = new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
+        result.addLittleSkinIfAbsent();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Adds the bundled LittleSkin server when it is not already present.
+    public void addLittleSkinIfAbsent() {
+        if (getServers().stream().noneMatch(server -> LITTLE_SKIN_URL.equals(server.getUrl()))) {
+            getServers().add(new AuthlibInjectorServer(LITTLE_SKIN_URL));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
+    @Override
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this authlib-injector server list file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this server list may be saved back to `config/authlib-injector-servers.json`.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/authlib-injector-servers.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Authlib-injector authentication servers available for account login.
+    @SerializedName("servers")
+    private final ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> servers =
+            FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    /// Returns authlib-injector authentication servers available for account login.
+    public ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> getServers() {
+        return servers;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [AuthlibInjectorServerList].
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AuthlibInjectorServerList> {
+        /// Creates an empty authlib-injector server list for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected AuthlibInjectorServerList createInstance() {
+            return new AuthlibInjectorServerList();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// Stores derived authlib-injector server metadata separately from the user-managed server list.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved as `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`
+/// under the current HMCL directory.
+@JsonAdapter(AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+final class AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this metadata cache.
+    static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("authlib-injector-server-metadata", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty metadata cache.
+    AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this metadata cache file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this metadata cache file.
+    @Override
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this metadata cache file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this metadata cache may be saved back to `cache/authlib-injector-server-metadata.json`.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current metadata cache file first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Authlib-injector metadata entries.
+    @SerializedName("servers")
+    private final ObservableList<Entry> servers = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
+
+    /// Returns authlib-injector metadata entries.
+    ObservableList<Entry> getServers() {
+        return servers;
+    }
+
+    /// Initializes metadata for a server that is being connected to this cache.
+    ///
+    /// @param server the server to initialize
+    /// @param storeExistingMetadata whether metadata already present on the server should replace cached metadata
+    void initialize(AuthlibInjectorServer server, boolean storeExistingMetadata) {
+        if (storeExistingMetadata && server.getMetadataResponse().isPresent()) {
+            store(server);
+        } else {
+            restore(server);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Restores cached metadata into the given server when a valid cache entry exists.
+    void restore(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
+        int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
+        if (index < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Entry entry = servers.get(index);
+        String metadataResponse = entry.getMetadataResponse();
+        if (metadataResponse.isEmpty()) {
+            servers.remove(index);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            server.restoreMetadataCache(metadataResponse, entry.getMetadataTimestamp());
+        } catch (JsonParseException e) {
+            LOG.warning("Ignoring malformed authlib-injector server metadata cache: " + server.getUrl(), e);
+            servers.remove(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Stores the current metadata response from the given server when it has one.
+    void store(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
+        server.getMetadataResponse().ifPresent(metadataResponse -> {
+            Entry entry = new Entry(server.getUrl(), metadataResponse, server.getMetadataTimestamp());
+            int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                servers.set(index, entry);
+            } else {
+                servers.add(entry);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Removes cached metadata for the given server.
+    void remove(AuthlibInjectorServer server) {
+        int index = indexOf(server.getUrl());
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            servers.remove(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the index of the cache entry for the given normalized server URL.
+    private int indexOf(String url) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < servers.size(); i++) {
+            if (url.equals(servers.get(i).getUrl())) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /// Metadata cached for one authlib-injector server.
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    @JsonSerializable
+    static final class Entry {
+        /// Normalized authlib-injector server URL.
+        @SerializedName("url")
+        private @Nullable String url = "";
+
+        /// Raw metadata response returned by the authlib-injector endpoint.
+        @SerializedName("metadataResponse")
+        private @Nullable String metadataResponse = "";
+
+        /// Wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched.
+        @SerializedName("metadataTimestamp")
+        private long metadataTimestamp;
+
+        /// Creates an empty metadata entry for deserialization.
+        private Entry() {
+        }
+
+        /// Creates a metadata entry.
+        ///
+        /// @param url normalized authlib-injector server URL
+        /// @param metadataResponse raw metadata response returned by the authlib-injector endpoint
+        /// @param metadataTimestamp wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched
+        Entry(String url, String metadataResponse, long metadataTimestamp) {
+            this.url = Objects.requireNonNull(url);
+            this.metadataResponse = Objects.requireNonNull(metadataResponse);
+            this.metadataTimestamp = metadataTimestamp;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the normalized authlib-injector server URL.
+        String getUrl() {
+            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(url, "");
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the raw metadata response, or an empty string when the cache entry is incomplete.
+        String getMetadataResponse() {
+            return Objects.requireNonNullElse(metadataResponse, "");
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the wall-clock time when the metadata response was fetched.
+        long getMetadataTimestamp() {
+            return metadataTimestamp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache].
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache> {
+        /// Creates an empty metadata cache for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache createInstance() {
+            return new AuthlibInjectorServerMetadataCache();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.getAuthlibInjectorServers;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

@JsonSerializable
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ public final class AuthlibInjectorServers implements Validation {
            configLocation = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME);
        }

-        if (ConfigHolder.isNewlyCreated() && Files.exists(configLocation)) {
+        if (SettingsManager.isNewlyCreated() && Files.exists(configLocation)) {
            AuthlibInjectorServers configInstance;
            try {
                configInstance = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(configLocation, AuthlibInjectorServers.class);
@@ -81,11 +82,11 @@ public final class AuthlibInjectorServers implements Validation {
            }

            if (!configInstance.urls.isEmpty()) {
-                config().setPreferredLoginType(Accounts.getLoginType(Accounts.FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR));
+                settings().preferredLoginTypeProperty().set(Accounts.getLoginType(Accounts.FACTORY_AUTHLIB_INJECTOR));
                for (String url : configInstance.urls) {
                    Task.supplyAsync(Schedulers.io(), () -> AuthlibInjectorServer.locateServer(url))
                            .thenAcceptAsync(Schedulers.javafx(), server -> {
-                                config().getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
+                                getAuthlibInjectorServers().add(server);
                                servers.add(server);
                            })
                            .start();
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+/// Selects the source used to render the launcher background.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public enum BackgroundType {
+    /// Uses the selected theme background when available, otherwise a built-in fallback wallpaper.
+    DEFAULT,
+
+    /// Uses one built-in wallpaper selected by launcher settings.
+    BUILTIN,
+
+    /// Uses a user-selected local image file or a random image from a selected directory.
+    CUSTOM,
+
+    /// Uses an image loaded from a user-provided URL.
+    NETWORK,
+
+    /// Uses the configured paint value as a flat background.
+    PAINT,
+
+    /// Uses the current theme color scheme surface container as a flat background.
+    THEME_COLOR;
+}
@@ -1,756 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.*;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
-import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableListCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableMapCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableSetCreator;
-import org.hildan.fxgson.factories.JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.authlibinjector.AuthlibInjectorServer;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.SupportedLocale;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.net.Proxy;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.*;
-
-@JsonAdapter(value = Config.Adapter.class)
-public final class Config extends ObservableSetting {
-
-    public static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 2;
-    public static final int CURRENT_UI_VERSION = 0;
-
-    public static final Gson CONFIG_GSON = new GsonBuilder()
-            .registerTypeAdapter(Path.class, PathTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableList.class, new ObservableListCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableSet.class, new ObservableSetCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableMap.class, new ObservableMapCreator())
-            .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory(true, true))
-            .registerTypeAdapter(EnumBackgroundImage.class, new EnumOrdinalDeserializer<>(EnumBackgroundImage.class)) // backward compatibility for backgroundType
-            .registerTypeAdapter(Proxy.Type.class, new EnumOrdinalDeserializer<>(Proxy.Type.class)) // backward compatibility for hasProxy
-            .registerTypeAdapter(Paint.class, new PaintAdapter())
-            .setPrettyPrinting()
-            .setObjectToNumberStrategy(ToNumberPolicy.LONG_OR_DOUBLE)
-            .create();
-
-    @Nullable
-    public static Config fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
-        return CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(json, Config.class);
-    }
-
-    public Config() {
-        tracker.markDirty(configVersion);
-        tracker.markDirty(uiVersion);
-        register();
-    }
-
-    public String toJson() {
-        return CONFIG_GSON.toJson(this);
-    }
-
-    // Properties
-
-    @SerializedName("_version")
-    private final IntegerProperty configVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty(CURRENT_VERSION);
-
-    public IntegerProperty configVersionProperty() {
-        return configVersion;
-    }
-
-    public int getConfigVersion() {
-        return configVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setConfigVersion(int configVersion) {
-        this.configVersion.set(configVersion);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The version of UI that the user have last used.
-     * If there is a major change in UI, {@link Config#CURRENT_UI_VERSION} should be increased.
-     * When {@link #CURRENT_UI_VERSION} is higher than the property, the user guide should be shown,
-     * then this property is set to the same value as {@link #CURRENT_UI_VERSION}.
-     * In particular, the property is default to 0, so that whoever open the application for the first time will see the guide.
-     */
-    @SerializedName("uiVersion")
-    private final IntegerProperty uiVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty(CURRENT_UI_VERSION);
-
-    public IntegerProperty uiVersionProperty() {
-        return uiVersion;
-    }
-
-    public int getUiVersion() {
-        return uiVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setUiVersion(int uiVersion) {
-        this.uiVersion.set(uiVersion);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("x")
-    private final DoubleProperty x = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    public DoubleProperty xProperty() {
-        return x;
-    }
-
-    public double getX() {
-        return x.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setX(double x) {
-        this.x.set(x);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("y")
-    private final DoubleProperty y = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    public DoubleProperty yProperty() {
-        return y;
-    }
-
-    public double getY() {
-        return y.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setY(double y) {
-        this.y.set(y);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("width")
-    private final DoubleProperty width = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    public DoubleProperty widthProperty() {
-        return width;
-    }
-
-    public double getWidth() {
-        return width.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setWidth(double width) {
-        this.width.set(width);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("height")
-    private final DoubleProperty height = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
-
-    public DoubleProperty heightProperty() {
-        return height;
-    }
-
-    public double getHeight() {
-        return height.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setHeight(double height) {
-        this.height.set(height);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("localization")
-    private final ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> localization = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(SupportedLocale.DEFAULT);
-
-    public ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> localizationProperty() {
-        return localization;
-    }
-
-    public SupportedLocale getLocalization() {
-        return localization.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setLocalization(SupportedLocale localization) {
-        this.localization.set(localization);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("promptedVersion")
-    private final StringProperty promptedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public String getPromptedVersion() {
-        return promptedVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public StringProperty promptedVersionProperty() {
-        return promptedVersion;
-    }
-
-    public void setPromptedVersion(String promptedVersion) {
-        this.promptedVersion.set(promptedVersion);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("acceptPreviewUpdate")
-    private final BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdate = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    public BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdateProperty() {
-        return acceptPreviewUpdate;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isAcceptPreviewUpdate() {
-        return acceptPreviewUpdate.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setAcceptPreviewUpdate(boolean acceptPreviewUpdate) {
-        this.acceptPreviewUpdate.set(acceptPreviewUpdate);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("shownTips")
-    private final ObservableMap<String, Object> shownTips = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
-
-    public ObservableMap<String, Object> getShownTips() {
-        return shownTips;
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("commonDirType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT);
-
-    public ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirTypeProperty() {
-        return commonDirType;
-    }
-
-    public EnumCommonDirectory getCommonDirType() {
-        return commonDirType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setCommonDirType(EnumCommonDirectory commonDirType) {
-        this.commonDirType.set(commonDirType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("commonpath")
-    private final StringProperty commonDirectory = new SimpleStringProperty(Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY.toString());
-
-    public StringProperty commonDirectoryProperty() {
-        return commonDirectory;
-    }
-
-    public String getCommonDirectory() {
-        return commonDirectory.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setCommonDirectory(String commonDirectory) {
-        this.commonDirectory.set(commonDirectory);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("logLines")
-    private final ObjectProperty<Integer> logLines = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    public ObjectProperty<Integer> logLinesProperty() {
-        return logLines;
-    }
-
-    public Integer getLogLines() {
-        return logLines.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setLogLines(Integer logLines) {
-        this.logLines.set(logLines);
-    }
-
-    // UI
-
-    @SerializedName("themeBrightness")
-    private final StringProperty themeBrightness = new SimpleStringProperty("light");
-
-    public StringProperty themeBrightnessProperty() {
-        return themeBrightness;
-    }
-
-    public String getThemeBrightness() {
-        return themeBrightness.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setThemeBrightness(String themeBrightness) {
-        this.themeBrightness.set(themeBrightness);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("theme")
-    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> themeColor = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ThemeColor.DEFAULT);
-
-    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> themeColorProperty() {
-        return themeColor;
-    }
-
-    public ThemeColor getThemeColor() {
-        return themeColor.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setThemeColor(ThemeColor themeColor) {
-        this.themeColor.set(themeColor);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("fontFamily")
-    private final StringProperty fontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty fontFamilyProperty() {
-        return fontFamily;
-    }
-
-    public String getFontFamily() {
-        return fontFamily.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setFontFamily(String fontFamily) {
-        this.fontFamily.set(fontFamily);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("fontSize")
-    private final DoubleProperty fontSize = new SimpleDoubleProperty(12);
-
-    public DoubleProperty fontSizeProperty() {
-        return fontSize;
-    }
-
-    public double getFontSize() {
-        return fontSize.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setFontSize(double fontSize) {
-        this.fontSize.set(fontSize);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("launcherFontFamily")
-    private final StringProperty launcherFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty launcherFontFamilyProperty() {
-        return launcherFontFamily;
-    }
-
-    public String getLauncherFontFamily() {
-        return launcherFontFamily.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setLauncherFontFamily(String launcherFontFamily) {
-        this.launcherFontFamily.set(launcherFontFamily);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("animationDisabled")
-    private final BooleanProperty animationDisabled = new SimpleBooleanProperty(
-            FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE
-                    || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED
-                    || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED
-    );
-
-    public BooleanProperty animationDisabledProperty() {
-        return animationDisabled;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isAnimationDisabled() {
-        return animationDisabled.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setAnimationDisabled(boolean animationDisabled) {
-        this.animationDisabled.set(animationDisabled);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("titleTransparent")
-    private final BooleanProperty titleTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    public BooleanProperty titleTransparentProperty() {
-        return titleTransparent;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isTitleTransparent() {
-        return titleTransparent.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setTitleTransparent(boolean titleTransparent) {
-        this.titleTransparent.set(titleTransparent);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("backgroundType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<EnumBackgroundImage> backgroundImageType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumBackgroundImage.DEFAULT);
-
-    public ObjectProperty<EnumBackgroundImage> backgroundImageTypeProperty() {
-        return backgroundImageType;
-    }
-
-    public EnumBackgroundImage getBackgroundImageType() {
-        return backgroundImageType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setBackgroundImageType(EnumBackgroundImage backgroundImageType) {
-        this.backgroundImageType.set(backgroundImageType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("bgpath")
-    private final StringProperty backgroundImage = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty backgroundImageProperty() {
-        return backgroundImage;
-    }
-
-    public String getBackgroundImage() {
-        return backgroundImage.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setBackgroundImage(String backgroundImage) {
-        this.backgroundImage.set(backgroundImage);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("bgurl")
-    private final StringProperty backgroundImageUrl = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty backgroundImageUrlProperty() {
-        return backgroundImageUrl;
-    }
-
-    public String getBackgroundImageUrl() {
-        return backgroundImageUrl.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setBackgroundImageUrl(String backgroundImageUrl) {
-        this.backgroundImageUrl.set(backgroundImageUrl);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("bgpaint")
-    private final ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
-
-    public Paint getBackgroundPaint() {
-        return backgroundPaint.get();
-    }
-
-    public ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundPaintProperty() {
-        return backgroundPaint;
-    }
-
-    public void setBackgroundPaint(Paint backgroundPaint) {
-        this.backgroundPaint.set(backgroundPaint);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("bgImageOpacity")
-    private final IntegerProperty backgroundImageOpacity = new SimpleIntegerProperty(100);
-
-    public IntegerProperty backgroundImageOpacityProperty() {
-        return backgroundImageOpacity;
-    }
-
-    public int getBackgroundImageOpacity() {
-        return backgroundImageOpacity.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setBackgroundImageOpacity(int backgroundImageOpacity) {
-        this.backgroundImageOpacity.set(backgroundImageOpacity);
-    }
-
-    // Networks
-
-    @SerializedName("autoDownloadThreads")
-    private final BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreads = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
-
-    public BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreadsProperty() {
-        return autoDownloadThreads;
-    }
-
-    public boolean getAutoDownloadThreads() {
-        return autoDownloadThreads.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setAutoDownloadThreads(boolean autoDownloadThreads) {
-        this.autoDownloadThreads.set(autoDownloadThreads);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("downloadThreads")
-    private final IntegerProperty downloadThreads = new SimpleIntegerProperty(64);
-
-    public IntegerProperty downloadThreadsProperty() {
-        return downloadThreads;
-    }
-
-    public int getDownloadThreads() {
-        return downloadThreads.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setDownloadThreads(int downloadThreads) {
-        this.downloadThreads.set(downloadThreads);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("downloadType")
-    private final StringProperty downloadType = new SimpleStringProperty(DownloadProviders.DEFAULT_DIRECT_PROVIDER_ID);
-
-    public StringProperty downloadTypeProperty() {
-        return downloadType;
-    }
-
-    public String getDownloadType() {
-        return downloadType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setDownloadType(String downloadType) {
-        this.downloadType.set(downloadType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("autoChooseDownloadType")
-    private final BooleanProperty autoChooseDownloadType = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
-
-    public BooleanProperty autoChooseDownloadTypeProperty() {
-        return autoChooseDownloadType;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isAutoChooseDownloadType() {
-        return autoChooseDownloadType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setAutoChooseDownloadType(boolean autoChooseDownloadType) {
-        this.autoChooseDownloadType.set(autoChooseDownloadType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("versionListSource")
-    private final StringProperty versionListSource = new SimpleStringProperty(DownloadProviders.DEFAULT_AUTO_PROVIDER_ID);
-
-    public StringProperty versionListSourceProperty() {
-        return versionListSource;
-    }
-
-    public String getVersionListSource() {
-        return versionListSource.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setVersionListSource(String versionListSource) {
-        this.versionListSource.set(versionListSource);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("hasProxy")
-    private final BooleanProperty hasProxy = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
-
-    public BooleanProperty hasProxyProperty() {
-        return hasProxy;
-    }
-
-    public boolean hasProxy() {
-        return hasProxy.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setHasProxy(boolean hasProxy) {
-        this.hasProxy.set(hasProxy);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("hasProxyAuth")
-    private final BooleanProperty hasProxyAuth = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
-
-    public BooleanProperty hasProxyAuthProperty() {
-        return hasProxyAuth;
-    }
-
-    public boolean hasProxyAuth() {
-        return hasProxyAuth.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setHasProxyAuth(boolean hasProxyAuth) {
-        this.hasProxyAuth.set(hasProxyAuth);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("proxyType")
-    private final ObjectProperty<Proxy.Type> proxyType = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Proxy.Type.HTTP);
-
-    public ObjectProperty<Proxy.Type> proxyTypeProperty() {
-        return proxyType;
-    }
-
-    public Proxy.Type getProxyType() {
-        return proxyType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setProxyType(Proxy.Type proxyType) {
-        this.proxyType.set(proxyType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("proxyHost")
-    private final StringProperty proxyHost = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty proxyHostProperty() {
-        return proxyHost;
-    }
-
-    public String getProxyHost() {
-        return proxyHost.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setProxyHost(String proxyHost) {
-        this.proxyHost.set(proxyHost);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("proxyPort")
-    private final IntegerProperty proxyPort = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    public IntegerProperty proxyPortProperty() {
-        return proxyPort;
-    }
-
-    public int getProxyPort() {
-        return proxyPort.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setProxyPort(int proxyPort) {
-        this.proxyPort.set(proxyPort);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("proxyUserName")
-    private final StringProperty proxyUser = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty proxyUserProperty() {
-        return proxyUser;
-    }
-
-    public String getProxyUser() {
-        return proxyUser.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setProxyUser(String proxyUser) {
-        this.proxyUser.set(proxyUser);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("proxyPassword")
-    private final StringProperty proxyPass = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty proxyPassProperty() {
-        return proxyPass;
-    }
-
-    public String getProxyPass() {
-        return proxyPass.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setProxyPass(String proxyPass) {
-        this.proxyPass.set(proxyPass);
-    }
-
-    // Game
-
-    @SerializedName("disableAutoGameOptions")
-    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoGameOptions = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    public BooleanProperty disableAutoGameOptionsProperty() {
-        return disableAutoGameOptions;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isDisableAutoGameOptions() {
-        return disableAutoGameOptions.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setDisableAutoGameOptions(boolean disableAutoGameOptions) {
-        this.disableAutoGameOptions.set(disableAutoGameOptions);
-    }
-
-    // Accounts
-
-    @SerializedName("authlibInjectorServers")
-    private final ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> authlibInjectorServers = FXCollections.observableArrayList(server -> new Observable[]{server});
-
-    public ObservableList<AuthlibInjectorServer> getAuthlibInjectorServers() {
-        return authlibInjectorServers;
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("addedLittleSkin")
-    private final BooleanProperty addedLittleSkin = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    public BooleanProperty addedLittleSkinProperty() {
-        return addedLittleSkin;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isAddedLittleSkin() {
-        return addedLittleSkin.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setAddedLittleSkin(boolean addedLittleSkin) {
-        this.addedLittleSkin.set(addedLittleSkin);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The preferred login type to use when the user wants to add an account.
-     */
-    @SerializedName("preferredLoginType")
-    private final StringProperty preferredLoginType = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty preferredLoginTypeProperty() {
-        return preferredLoginType;
-    }
-
-    public String getPreferredLoginType() {
-        return preferredLoginType.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setPreferredLoginType(String preferredLoginType) {
-        this.preferredLoginType.set(preferredLoginType);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("selectedAccount")
-    private final StringProperty selectedAccount = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    public StringProperty selectedAccountProperty() {
-        return selectedAccount;
-    }
-
-    public String getSelectedAccount() {
-        return selectedAccount.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setSelectedAccount(String selectedAccount) {
-        this.selectedAccount.set(selectedAccount);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("accounts")
-    private final ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> accountStorages = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-
-    public ObservableList<Map<Object, Object>> getAccountStorages() {
-        return accountStorages;
-    }
-
-    // Configurations
-
-    @SerializedName("last")
-    private final StringProperty selectedProfile = new SimpleStringProperty("");
-
-    public StringProperty selectedProfileProperty() {
-        return selectedProfile;
-    }
-
-    public String getSelectedProfile() {
-        return selectedProfile.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setSelectedProfile(String selectedProfile) {
-        this.selectedProfile.set(selectedProfile);
-    }
-
-    @SerializedName("configurations")
-    private final SimpleMapProperty<String, Profile> configurations = new SimpleMapProperty<>(FXCollections.observableMap(new TreeMap<>()));
-
-    public MapProperty<String, Profile> getConfigurations() {
-        return configurations;
-    }
-
-    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<Config> {
-        @Override
-        protected Config createInstance() {
-            return new Config();
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.JarUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.*;
-import java.util.Locale;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-public final class ConfigHolder {
-
-    private ConfigHolder() {
-    }
-
-    public static final String CONFIG_FILENAME = "hmcl.json";
-    public static final String CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX = ".hmcl.json";
-    public static final Path GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH = Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("config.json");
-
-    private static Path configLocation;
-    private static Config configInstance;
-    private static GlobalConfig globalConfigInstance;
-    private static boolean newlyCreated;
-    private static boolean ownerChanged = false;
-    private static boolean unsupportedVersion = false;
-
-    public static Config config() {
-        if (configInstance == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration hasn't been loaded");
-        }
-        return configInstance;
-    }
-
-    public static GlobalConfig globalConfig() {
-        if (globalConfigInstance == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration hasn't been loaded");
-        }
-        return globalConfigInstance;
-    }
-
-    public static Path configLocation() {
-        return configLocation;
-    }
-
-    public static boolean isNewlyCreated() {
-        return newlyCreated;
-    }
-
-    public static boolean isOwnerChanged() {
-        return ownerChanged;
-    }
-
-    public static boolean isUnsupportedVersion() {
-        return unsupportedVersion;
-    }
-
-    public static void init() throws IOException {
-        if (configInstance != null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Configuration is already loaded");
-        }
-
-        configLocation = locateConfig();
-
-        LOG.info("Config location: " + configLocation);
-
-        configInstance = loadConfig();
-        if (!unsupportedVersion)
-            configInstance.addListener(source -> FileSaver.save(configLocation, configInstance.toJson()));
-
-        globalConfigInstance = loadGlobalConfig();
-        globalConfigInstance.addListener(source -> FileSaver.save(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH, globalConfigInstance.toJson()));
-
-        Locale.setDefault(config().getLocalization().getLocale());
-        I18n.setLocale(configInstance.getLocalization());
-        LOG.setLogRetention(globalConfig().getLogRetention());
-        Settings.init();
-
-        if (newlyCreated) {
-            LOG.info("Creating config file " + configLocation);
-            FileUtils.saveSafely(configLocation, configInstance.toJson());
-        }
-
-        if (!Files.isWritable(configLocation)) {
-            if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS == OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
-                    && configLocation.getFileSystem() == FileSystems.getDefault()
-                    && configLocation.toFile().canWrite()) {
-                LOG.warning("Config at " + configLocation + " is not writable, but it seems to be a Samba share or OpenJDK bug");
-                // There are some serious problems with the implementation of Samba or OpenJDK
-                throw new SambaException();
-            } else {
-                // the config cannot be saved
-                // throw up the error now to prevent further data loss
-                throw new IOException("Config at " + configLocation + " is not writable");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static Path locateConfig() {
-        Path defaultConfigFile = Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME);
-        if (Files.isRegularFile(defaultConfigFile))
-            return defaultConfigFile;
-
-        try {
-            Path jarPath = JarUtils.thisJarPath();
-            if (jarPath != null && Files.isRegularFile(jarPath) && Files.isWritable(jarPath)) {
-                jarPath = jarPath.getParent();
-
-                Path config = jarPath.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME);
-                if (Files.isRegularFile(config))
-                    return config;
-
-                Path dotConfig = jarPath.resolve(CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX);
-                if (Files.isRegularFile(dotConfig))
-                    return dotConfig;
-            }
-
-        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
-        }
-
-        Path config = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME);
-        if (Files.isRegularFile(config))
-            return config;
-
-        Path dotConfig = Paths.get(CONFIG_FILENAME_LINUX);
-        if (Files.isRegularFile(dotConfig))
-            return dotConfig;
-
-        // create new
-        return defaultConfigFile;
-    }
-
-    private static Config loadConfig() throws IOException {
-        if (Files.exists(configLocation)) {
-            try {
-                if (OperatingSystem.CURRENT_OS != OperatingSystem.WINDOWS
-                        && "root".equals(System.getProperty("user.name"))
-                        && !"root".equals(Files.getOwner(configLocation).getName())) {
-                    ownerChanged = true;
-                }
-            } catch (IOException e1) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to get owner");
-            }
-            try {
-                String content = Files.readString(configLocation);
-                Config deserialized = Config.fromJson(content);
-                if (deserialized == null) {
-                    LOG.info("Config is empty");
-                } else {
-                    int configVersion = deserialized.getConfigVersion();
-                    if (configVersion < Config.CURRENT_VERSION) {
-                        ConfigUpgrader.upgradeConfig(deserialized, content);
-                    } else if (configVersion > Config.CURRENT_VERSION) {
-                        unsupportedVersion = true;
-                        LOG.warning(String.format("Current HMCL only support the configuration version up to %d. However, the version now is %d.", Config.CURRENT_VERSION, configVersion));
-                    }
-
-                    return deserialized;
-                }
-            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Malformed config.", e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        newlyCreated = true;
-        return new Config();
-    }
-
-    // Global Config
-
-    private static GlobalConfig loadGlobalConfig() throws IOException {
-        if (Files.exists(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH)) {
-            try {
-                String content = Files.readString(GLOBAL_CONFIG_PATH);
-                GlobalConfig deserialized = GlobalConfig.fromJson(content);
-                if (deserialized == null) {
-                    LOG.info("Config is empty");
-                } else {
-                    return deserialized;
-                }
-            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
-                LOG.warning("Malformed config.", e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        LOG.info("Creating an empty global config");
-        return new GlobalConfig();
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.Gson;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang.tryCast;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
-
-final class ConfigUpgrader {
-    private ConfigUpgrader() {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This method is for the compatibility with old HMCL versions.
-     *
-     * @param deserialized deserialized config settings
-     * @param rawContent   raw json content of the config settings without modification
-     */
-    static void upgradeConfig(Config deserialized, String rawContent) {
-        int configVersion = deserialized.getConfigVersion();
-
-        if (configVersion >= Config.CURRENT_VERSION)
-            return;
-
-        LOG.info(String.format("Updating configuration from %d to %d.", configVersion, Config.CURRENT_VERSION));
-        Map<?, ?> rawJson = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new Gson().<Map<?, ?>>fromJson(rawContent, Map.class));
-
-        if (configVersion < 1) {
-            // Upgrade configuration of HMCL 2.x: Convert OfflineAccounts whose stored uuid is important.
-            tryCast(rawJson.get("auth"), Map.class).ifPresent(auth -> {
-                tryCast(auth.get("offline"), Map.class).ifPresent(offline -> {
-                    String selected = rawJson.containsKey("selectedAccount") ? null
-                            : tryCast(offline.get("IAuthenticator_UserName"), String.class).orElse(null);
-
-                    tryCast(offline.get("uuidMap"), Map.class).ifPresent(uuidMap -> {
-                        ((Map<?, ?>) uuidMap).forEach((key, value) -> {
-                            Map<Object, Object> storage = new HashMap<>();
-                            storage.put("type", "offline");
-                            storage.put("username", key);
-                            storage.put("uuid", value);
-                            if (key.equals(selected)) {
-                                storage.put("selected", true);
-                            }
-                            deserialized.getAccountStorages().add(storage);
-                        });
-                    });
-                });
-            });
-
-            // Upgrade configuration of HMCL earlier than 3.1.70
-            if (!rawJson.containsKey("commonDirType"))
-                deserialized.setCommonDirType(deserialized.getCommonDirectory().equals(Settings.getDefaultCommonDirectory()) ? EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT : EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM);
-            if (!rawJson.containsKey("backgroundType"))
-                deserialized.setBackgroundImageType(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getBackgroundImage()) ? EnumBackgroundImage.CUSTOM : EnumBackgroundImage.DEFAULT);
-            if (!rawJson.containsKey("hasProxy"))
-                deserialized.setHasProxy(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getProxyHost()));
-            if (!rawJson.containsKey("hasProxyAuth"))
-                deserialized.setHasProxyAuth(StringUtils.isNotBlank(deserialized.getProxyUser()));
-
-            if (!rawJson.containsKey("downloadType")) {
-                tryCast(rawJson.get("downloadtype"), Number.class)
-                        .map(Number::intValue)
-                        .ifPresent(id -> {
-                            if (id == 0) {
-                                deserialized.setDownloadType("mojang");
-                            } else if (id == 1) {
-                                deserialized.setDownloadType("bmclapi");
-                            }
-                        });
-            }
-        }
-
-        deserialized.setConfigVersion(Config.CURRENT_VERSION);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -15,21 +15,16 @@
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.wizard;
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

-public enum WizardNavigationResult {
-    PROCEED {
-        @Override
-        public boolean getDeferredComputation() {
-            return true;
-        }
-    },
-    DENY {
-        @Override
-        public boolean getDeferredComputation() {
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
+/// @author Glavo
+public enum DefaultIsolationType {
+    /// Default to isolate all instances.
+    ALWAYS,

-    public abstract boolean getDeferredComputation();
+    /// Default to isolate instances with any modloader.
+    MODDED,
+
+    /// No instances are isolated by default.
+    NEVER,
 }
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.DownloadException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocaleUtils;
@@ -33,82 +32,70 @@ import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FetchTask.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY;
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair.pair;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;

 public final class DownloadProviders {
    private DownloadProviders() {
    }

-    public static final String DEFAULT_AUTO_PROVIDER_ID = "balanced";
-    public static final String DEFAULT_DIRECT_PROVIDER_ID = "mojang";
-
    private static final DownloadProviderWrapper PROVIDER_WRAPPER;

+    private static final DownloadProvider MOJANG_PROVIDER;
+    private static final BMCLAPIDownloadProvider BMCLAPI_PROVIDER;
    private static final DownloadProvider DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
-    public static final Map<String, DownloadProvider> DIRECT_PROVIDERS;
-    public static final Map<String, DownloadProvider> AUTO_PROVIDERS;

    static {
        String bmclapiRoot = System.getProperty("hmcl.bmclapi.override", "https://bmclapi2.bangbang93.com");
-        BMCLAPIDownloadProvider bmclapiRaw = new BMCLAPIDownloadProvider(bmclapiRoot);
-
-        DownloadProvider mojang = new MojangDownloadProvider();
-        DownloadProvider bmclapi = new AutoDownloadProvider(bmclapiRaw, mojang);
-
-        DEFAULT_PROVIDER = mojang;
-        DIRECT_PROVIDERS = Lang.mapOf(
-                pair("mojang", mojang),
-                pair("bmclapi", bmclapi)
-        );
-
-        AUTO_PROVIDERS = Lang.mapOf(
-                pair("balanced", LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND ? bmclapi : mojang),
-                pair("official", LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND ? new AutoDownloadProvider(
-                        List.of(mojang, bmclapiRaw),
-                        List.of(bmclapiRaw, mojang)
-                ) : mojang),
-                pair("mirror", bmclapi)
-        );
-
+        BMCLAPI_PROVIDER = new BMCLAPIDownloadProvider(bmclapiRoot);
+        MOJANG_PROVIDER = new MojangDownloadProvider();
+        DEFAULT_PROVIDER = createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource.DEFAULT, DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
        PROVIDER_WRAPPER = new DownloadProviderWrapper(DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
    }

-    static void init() {
+    /// Initializes download provider settings and synchronizes download thread settings.
+    public static void init() {
        InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadThreads = observable -> {
-            FetchTask.setDownloadExecutorConcurrency(config().getAutoDownloadThreads()
+            FetchTask.setDownloadExecutorConcurrency(settings().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().get()
                    ? DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY
-                    : config().getDownloadThreads());
+                    : settings().downloadThreadsProperty().get());
        };
-        config().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
-        config().downloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
+        settings().autoDownloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
+        settings().downloadThreadsProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadThreads);
        onChangeDownloadThreads.invalidated(null);

        InvalidationListener onChangeDownloadSource = observable -> {
-            if (config().isAutoChooseDownloadType()) {
-                String versionListSource = config().getVersionListSource();
-                DownloadProvider downloadProvider = versionListSource != null
-                        ? AUTO_PROVIDERS.getOrDefault(versionListSource, DEFAULT_PROVIDER)
-                        : DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
-                PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(downloadProvider);
-            } else {
-                String downloadType = config().getDownloadType();
-                PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(downloadType != null
-                        ? DIRECT_PROVIDERS.getOrDefault(downloadType, DEFAULT_PROVIDER)
-                        : DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
-            }
+            PROVIDER_WRAPPER.setProvider(createDownloadProvider(
+                    settings().versionListSourceProperty().get(),
+                    settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().get()));
        };
-        config().versionListSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
-        config().autoChooseDownloadTypeProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
-        config().downloadTypeProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
+        settings().versionListSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
+        settings().fileDownloadSourceProperty().addListener(onChangeDownloadSource);
        onChangeDownloadSource.invalidated(null);
    }

+    /// Creates a download provider with independent version-list and file download preferences.
+    private static DownloadProvider createDownloadProvider(DownloadSource versionListSource, DownloadSource fileDownloadSource) {
+        return new AutoDownloadProvider(
+                getCandidates(versionListSource),
+                getCandidates(fileDownloadSource));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns provider candidates ordered by the given source preference.
+    private static List<DownloadProvider> getCandidates(DownloadSource source) {
+        DownloadSource normalized = source != null ? source : DownloadSource.DEFAULT;
+        return switch (normalized) {
+            case DEFAULT -> LocaleUtils.IS_CHINA_MAINLAND
+                    ? List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER)
+                    : List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER, BMCLAPI_PROVIDER);
+            case OFFICIAL -> List.of(MOJANG_PROVIDER);
+            case MIRROR -> List.of(BMCLAPI_PROVIDER, MOJANG_PROVIDER);
+        };
+    }
+
    /**
     * Get current primary preferred download provider
     */
@@ -134,7 +121,10 @@ public final class DownloadProviders {
                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.access_denied", ((AccessDeniedException) exception.getCause()).getFile());
            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof ArtifactMalformedException) {
                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.artifact_malformed");
-            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
+            } else if (exception.getCause() instanceof SSLHandshakeException && !(exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("Remote host terminated"))) {
+                if (exception.getCause().getMessage() != null && (exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No name matching") || exception.getCause().getMessage().contains("No subject alternative DNS name matching"))) {
+                    return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.dns.pollution");
+                }
                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + i18n("exception.ssl_handshake");
            } else {
                return i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", uri) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(exception.getCause());
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+/// Preferred source selection for download providers.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public enum DownloadSource {
+    /// Automatically chooses the best source for the current environment.
+    DEFAULT,
+
+    /// Prefers official download sources.
+    OFFICIAL,
+
+    /// Prefers mirror download sources.
+    MIRROR,
+}
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

 import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyObjectProperty;
 import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
 import javafx.scene.text.Font;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;

-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.settings;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;

 /**
@@ -55,17 +56,17 @@ public final class FontManager {

        // Recommended

-        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY.resolve("font"));
+        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME.resolve("font"));
        if (font != null)
            return font;

-        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY.resolve("font"));
+        font = tryLoadLocalizedFont(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME.resolve("font"));
        if (font != null)
            return font;

        // Legacy

-        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_CURRENT_DIRECTORY);
+        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_LOCAL_HOME);
        if (font != null)
            return font;

@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public final class FontManager {
        if (font != null)
            return font;

-        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY);
+        font = tryLoadDefaultFont(Metadata.HMCL_USER_HOME);
        if (font != null)
            return font;

@@ -94,31 +95,26 @@ public final class FontManager {
            return null;
    });

-    private static final ObjectProperty<FontReference> fontProperty;
+    private static final ObjectProperty<FontReference> font = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();

    static {
-        String fontFamily = config().getLauncherFontFamily();
+        updateFont();
+        LOG.info("Font: " + (font.get() != null ? font.get().family() : "System"));
+    }
+
+    private static void updateFont() {
+        String fontFamily = settings().launcherFontFamilyProperty().get();
        if (fontFamily == null)
            fontFamily = System.getProperty("hmcl.font.override");
        if (fontFamily == null)
            fontFamily = System.getenv("HMCL_FONT");

-        FontReference fontReference;
        if (fontFamily == null) {
            Font defaultFont = DEFAULT_FONT.get();
-            fontReference = defaultFont != null ? new FontReference(defaultFont) : null;
-        } else
-            fontReference = new FontReference(fontFamily);
-
-        fontProperty = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(fontReference);
-
-        LOG.info("Font: " + (fontReference != null ? fontReference.getFamily() : "System"));
-        fontProperty.addListener((obs, oldValue, newValue) -> {
-            if (newValue != null)
-                config().setLauncherFontFamily(newValue.getFamily());
-            else
-                config().setLauncherFontFamily(null);
-        });
+            font.set(defaultFont != null ? new FontReference(defaultFont) : null);
+        } else {
+            font.set(new FontReference(fontFamily));
+        }
    }

    private static Font tryLoadDefaultFont(Path dir) {
@@ -231,64 +227,35 @@ public final class FontManager {
        }
    }

-    public static ObjectProperty<FontReference> fontProperty() {
-        return fontProperty;
+    public static ReadOnlyObjectProperty<FontReference> fontProperty() {
+        return font;
    }

    public static FontReference getFont() {
-        return fontProperty.get();
-    }
-
-    public static void setFont(FontReference font) {
-        fontProperty.set(font);
+        return font.get();
    }

    public static void setFontFamily(String fontFamily) {
-        setFont(fontFamily != null ? new FontReference(fontFamily) : null);
+        settings().launcherFontFamilyProperty().set(fontFamily);
+        updateFont();
    }

    // https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/issues/4072
-    public static final class FontReference {
-        private final @NotNull String family;
-        private final @Nullable String style;
+    public record FontReference(@NotNull String family, @Nullable String style) {
+        public FontReference {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(family);
+        }

        public FontReference(@NotNull String family) {
-            this.family = Objects.requireNonNull(family);
-            this.style = null;
+            this(family, null);
        }

        public FontReference(@NotNull Font font) {
-            this.family = font.getFamily();
-            this.style = font.getStyle();
-        }
-
-        public @NotNull String getFamily() {
-            return family;
-        }
-
-        public @Nullable String getStyle() {
-            return style;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean equals(Object o) {
-            if (!(o instanceof FontReference))
-                return false;
-            FontReference that = (FontReference) o;
-            return Objects.equals(family, that.family) && Objects.equals(style, that.style);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int hashCode() {
-            return Objects.hash(family, style);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String toString() {
-            return String.format("FontReference[family='%s', style='%s']", family, style);
+            this(font.getFamily(), font.getStyle());
        }
    }

    private FontManager() {
    }
 }
+
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores game directories independently from the main config file.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved under the `config` directory in either the current
+/// HMCL directory or the user HMCL directory.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@JsonAdapter(GameDirectories.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+public final class GameDirectories extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this game directory store.
+    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("game-directories", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty game directory store.
+    public GameDirectories() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this game directory store file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this game directory store file.
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this game directory store file.
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this game directory store may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Game directories stored in this file.
+    @SerializedName("directories")
+    private final ObservableList<GameDirectory> gameDirectories =
+            FXCollections.observableArrayList(profile -> new Observable[] { profile });
+
+    /// Whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
+    private transient boolean userFile;
+
+    /// Returns the game directories stored in this file.
+    public ObservableList<GameDirectory> getGameDirectories() {
+        return gameDirectories;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
+    void setUserFile(boolean userFile) {
+        this.userFile = userFile;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this store represents `HMCL_USER_HOME/config/user-game-directories.json`.
+    boolean isUserFile() {
+        return userFile;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
+    private transient boolean newlyCreated;
+
+    /// Returns whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
+    boolean isNewlyCreated() {
+        return newlyCreated;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this store was created because its JSON file did not exist.
+    void setNewlyCreated(boolean newlyCreated) {
+        this.newlyCreated = newlyCreated;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [GameDirectories].
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<GameDirectories> {
+        /// Creates an empty game directory store for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected GameDirectories createInstance() {
+            return new GameDirectories();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.ToStringBuilder;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableHelper;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onInvalidating;
+
+/// Persistent configuration for a game directory.
+@JsonAdapter(GameDirectory.Serializer.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class GameDirectory implements Observable {
+    /// The stable game directory ID.
+    private final GameDirectoryID id;
+
+    /// Returns the stable game directory ID.
+    public GameDirectoryID getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /// The game directory path.
+    private final ObjectProperty<PortablePath> path;
+
+    /// Returns the game directory path property.
+    public ObjectProperty<PortablePath> pathProperty() {
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the game directory path.
+    public PortablePath getPath() {
+        return path.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the game directory path.
+    public void setPath(PortablePath path) {
+        this.path.set(Objects.requireNonNull(path));
+    }
+
+    /// The custom localized game directory name, or `null` when no name is stored.
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable LocalizedText> name;
+
+    /// Returns the custom localized game directory name property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable LocalizedText> nameProperty() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the custom localized game directory name, or `null` when no name is stored.
+    public @Nullable LocalizedText getName() {
+        return name.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the custom localized game directory name.
+    public void setName(@Nullable LocalizedText name) {
+        this.name.set(name);
+    }
+
+    /// The migrated legacy game settings preset ID, or `null` when this game directory uses the default preset.
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> legacyGameSettings;
+
+    /// Returns the migrated legacy game settings preset ID property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> legacyGameSettingsProperty() {
+        return legacyGameSettings;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the migrated legacy game settings preset ID, or `null` when this game directory uses the default preset.
+    public @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID getLegacyGameSettings() {
+        return legacyGameSettings.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the migrated legacy game settings preset ID.
+    public void setLegacyGameSettings(@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyGameSettings) {
+        this.legacyGameSettings.set(legacyGameSettings);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a game directory.
+    public GameDirectory(GameDirectoryID id, @Nullable LocalizedText name, PortablePath path) {
+        this(id, name, path, null);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a game directory.
+    public GameDirectory(
+            GameDirectoryID id,
+            @Nullable LocalizedText name,
+            PortablePath path,
+            @Nullable GameSettingsPresetID legacyGameSettings) {
+        this.id = Objects.requireNonNull(id);
+        this.name = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "name", name);
+        this.path = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "path", Objects.requireNonNull(path));
+        this.legacyGameSettings = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "legacyGameSettings", legacyGameSettings);
+
+        addPropertyChangedListener(onInvalidating(this::invalidate));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a debug string containing the game directory path and display metadata.
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
+                .append("path", getPath())
+                .append("name", getName())
+                .toString();
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a listener that invalidates this game directory when any stored property changes.
+    private void addPropertyChangedListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        name.addListener(listener);
+        path.addListener(listener);
+        legacyGameSettings.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /// Helper that stores and dispatches invalidation listeners for this game directory.
+    private final ObservableHelper observableHelper = new ObservableHelper(this);
+
+    /// Adds an invalidation listener.
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        observableHelper.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /// Removes an invalidation listener.
+    @Override
+    public void removeListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
+        observableHelper.removeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /// Notifies game directory observers on the JavaFX thread when the toolkit is available.
+    private void invalidate() {
+        try {
+            Platform.runLater(observableHelper::invalidate);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            observableHelper.invalidate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Serializes and deserializes game directories.
+    @NotNullByDefault
+    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<GameDirectory>, JsonDeserializer<GameDirectory> {
+        /// Serializes a game directory to JSON.
+        @Override
+        public JsonElement serialize(@Nullable GameDirectory src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
+            if (src == null)
+                return JsonNull.INSTANCE;
+
+            JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
+            jsonObject.add("id", context.serialize(src.getId(), GameDirectoryID.class));
+            if (src.getName() != null) {
+                JsonElement name = context.serialize(src.getName(), LocalizedText.class);
+                if (name != null && !name.isJsonNull()) {
+                    jsonObject.add("name", name);
+                }
+            }
+            jsonObject.add("path", context.serialize(src.getPath(), PortablePath.class));
+            if (src.getLegacyGameSettings() != null) {
+                jsonObject.add("legacyGameSettings", context.serialize(src.getLegacyGameSettings(), GameSettingsPresetID.class));
+            }
+
+            return jsonObject;
+        }
+
+        /// Deserializes a game directory from JSON.
+        @Override
+        public @Nullable GameDirectory deserialize(@Nullable JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
+            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject obj)) return null;
+            GameDirectoryID id = context.deserialize(obj.get("id"), GameDirectoryID.class);
+            if (id == null) {
+                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory ID cannot be null");
+            } else if (GameDirectoryID.NIL.equals(id)) {
+                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory ID cannot be nil");
+            }
+            PortablePath path = context.deserialize(obj.get("path"), PortablePath.class);
+            if (path == null) {
+                throw new JsonParseException("Game directory path cannot be null");
+            }
+            @Nullable LocalizedText name = context.deserialize(obj.get("name"), LocalizedText.class);
+
+            return new GameDirectory(id,
+                    name,
+                    path,
+                    context.deserialize(obj.get("legacyGameSettings"), GameSettingsPresetID.class));
+        }
+
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import org.glavo.uuid.UUIDs;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TypedID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+/// Stable identifier for a persisted game directory entry.
+///
+/// @param uuid the UUID payload
+@JsonAdapter(GameDirectoryID.Adapter.class)
+@JsonSerializable
+@NotNullByDefault
+public record GameDirectoryID(UUID uuid) implements TypedID {
+    /// The serialized game directory ID prefix.
+    public static final String PREFIX = "game-directory";
+
+    /// The nil identifier value.
+    public static final GameDirectoryID NIL = new GameDirectoryID(UUIDs.NIL);
+
+    /// Creates a game directory ID.
+    public GameDirectoryID {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uuid);
+    }
+
+    /// Parses a game directory ID from a prefixed UUID string.
+    public static GameDirectoryID parse(String value) {
+        return new GameDirectoryID(TypedID.parseUUID(PREFIX, value));
+    }
+
+    /// Generates a new time-ordered game directory ID.
+    public static GameDirectoryID generate() {
+        return new GameDirectoryID(UUIDs.generateV7());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the prefixed game directory ID string.
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return TypedID.format(PREFIX, uuid);
+    }
+
+    /// Gson adapter for [GameDirectoryID].
+    public static final class Adapter extends TypedID.Adapter<GameDirectoryID> {
+        /// Creates a game directory ID adapter.
+        public Adapter() {
+            super(PREFIX, GameDirectoryID::new);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2020  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.EventBus;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.event.RefreshedVersionsEvent;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepository;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.PortablePath;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.LocalizedText;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnknownNullability;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.UnmodifiableView;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.SettingsManager.*;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.runInFX;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
+
+/// Manages the merged runtime view of local and user game directories.
+///
+/// Local game directories take precedence over user game directories with the same ID. This class is
+/// the owner of the currently selected game directory and selected instance bookkeeping;
+/// callers should use this API instead of mutating the game-directory selection fields in
+/// [LauncherSettings] directly.
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class GameDirectoryManager {
+
+    /// The stable ID shared by newly created and migrated current-workspace game directories.
+    static final GameDirectoryID DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID =
+            new GameDirectoryID(new UUID(0x7105bc1f490e5e8cL, 0x878cf5844c3d4bc3L));
+
+    /// The stable ID shared by newly created and migrated user-home game directories.
+    static final GameDirectoryID HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID =
+            new GameDirectoryID(new UUID(0xf3eafde8506e5a77L, 0xbc88f24b4728dfb2L));
+
+    /// The default current-workspace game directory path.
+    private static final PortablePath CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH = PortablePath.of(".minecraft");
+
+    /// The default user-home game directory path.
+    private static final PortablePath HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH = PortablePath.fromPath(Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY);
+
+    /// Prevents instantiation.
+    private GameDirectoryManager() {
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a game directory ID that does not collide with existing game directories.
+    public static GameDirectoryID newGameDirectoryId() {
+        GameDirectoryID id;
+        do {
+            id = GameDirectoryID.generate();
+        } while (hasGameDirectoryId(id));
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether an existing game directory uses the given ID.
+    private static boolean hasGameDirectoryId(GameDirectoryID id) {
+        return localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().stream()
+                .anyMatch(gameDirectory -> gameDirectory.getId().equals(id))
+                || userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().stream()
+                .anyMatch(gameDirectory -> gameDirectory.getId().equals(id));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the display name for the given game directory.
+    public static String getGameDirectoryDisplayName(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        String name = getGameDirectoryCustomName(gameDirectory);
+        if (name != null) {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        if (isGameDirectoryPath(gameDirectory, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH)) {
+            return i18n("game_directory.default");
+        }
+        if (isGameDirectoryPath(gameDirectory, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH)) {
+            return i18n("game_directory.home");
+        }
+
+        return gameDirectory.getId().toString();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the custom game directory name in the current locale.
+    public static @Nullable String getGameDirectoryCustomName(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        @Nullable LocalizedText name = gameDirectory.getName();
+        return name != null ? name.getText(I18n.getLocale().getCandidateLocales()) : null;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the game directory uses the given path.
+    private static boolean isGameDirectoryPath(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath expectedPath) {
+        PortablePath actualPath = gameDirectory.getPath();
+        return actualPath.isAbsolute() == expectedPath.isAbsolute()
+                && actualPath.getPath().equals(expectedPath.getPath());
+    }
+
+    /// True if [#init()] hasn't been called.
+    private static boolean initialized = false;
+
+    /// The mutable merged game directory list used by UI bindings and game directory selection.
+    private static final ObservableList<GameDirectory> mergedGameDirectories =
+            FXCollections.observableArrayList(gameDirectory -> new javafx.beans.Observable[]{gameDirectory});
+
+    /// Read-only view of [#mergedGameDirectories] exposed to callers.
+    private static final @UnmodifiableView ObservableList<GameDirectory> mergedGameDirectoriesUnmodifiable =
+            FXCollections.unmodifiableObservableList(mergedGameDirectories);
+
+    /// Runtime repositories keyed by game directory object identity.
+    private static final Map<GameDirectory, HMCLGameRepository> repositories = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+
+    /// The selected game directory, or `null` before the fallback game directory is resolved.
+    private static final ObjectProperty<@UnknownNullability GameDirectory> selectedGameDirectory = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedGameDirectory");
+
+    /// The selected game repository, or `null` before the fallback game directory is resolved.
+    private static final ObjectProperty<@UnknownNullability HMCLGameRepository> selectedRepository = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedRepository");
+
+    /// The selected instance ID projected from the selected repository.
+    private static final ReadOnlyStringWrapper selectedInstance = new ReadOnlyStringWrapper(GameDirectoryManager.class, "selectedInstance");
+
+    /// Updates [#selectedInstance] when the selected repository changes its selected instance.
+    private static final ChangeListener<String> selectedRepositoryInstanceListener =
+            (observable, oldValue, newValue) -> selectedInstance.set(newValue);
+
+    /// Initializes game directory state from the stores loaded by [SettingsManager].
+    ///
+    /// This method creates the built-in local and user-home game directories when required, rebuilds
+    /// the merged game directory view, and restores the selected game directory from [LauncherSettings].
+    public static void init() {
+        if (initialized)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized");
+
+        initialized = true;
+
+        rebuildGameDirectories();
+
+        boolean needRebuildGameDirectories = false;
+        if (localGameDirectories().isNewlyCreated() && localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
+            needRebuildGameDirectories = true;
+            GameDirectories gameDirectories = localGameDirectories();
+            gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
+                    DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
+        }
+        if (userGameDirectories().isNewlyCreated() && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
+            needRebuildGameDirectories = true;
+            GameDirectories gameDirectories = userGameDirectories();
+            gameDirectories.getGameDirectories().add(new GameDirectory(
+                    HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
+        }
+
+        needRebuildGameDirectories |= createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty();
+        if (needRebuildGameDirectories) {
+            rebuildGameDirectories();
+        }
+
+        assert !mergedGameDirectories.isEmpty();
+
+        @Nullable GameDirectoryID selectedId = settings().selectedGameDirectoryProperty().get();
+        GameDirectory currentGameDirectory = null;
+
+        if (selectedId != null) {
+            for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories) {
+                if (gameDirectory.getId().equals(selectedId)) {
+                    currentGameDirectory = gameDirectory;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        selectedGameDirectory.addListener((a, b, newValue) -> {
+            if (newValue == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("selectedGameDirectory cannot be null");
+            }
+
+            settings().selectedGameDirectoryProperty().set(newValue.getId());
+            @Nullable HMCLGameRepository oldRepository = selectedRepository.get();
+            if (oldRepository != null) {
+                oldRepository.selectedInstanceProperty().removeListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
+            }
+            HMCLGameRepository repository = getOrCreateRepository(newValue);
+            selectedRepository.set(repository);
+            selectedInstance.set(repository.getSelectedInstance());
+            repository.selectedInstanceProperty().addListener(selectedRepositoryInstanceListener);
+            repository.refreshVersionsAsync().start();
+        });
+        selectedGameDirectory.set(currentGameDirectory != null ? currentGameDirectory : mergedGameDirectories.get(0));
+
+        EventBus.EVENT_BUS.channel(RefreshedVersionsEvent.class).registerWeak(event -> {
+            runInFX(() -> {
+                @Nullable HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
+                if (repository != null && repository == event.getSource()) {
+                    repository.refreshSelectedInstance();
+                    for (Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener : versionsListeners)
+                        listener.accept(repository);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the built-in game directories only when no game directory exists.
+    private static boolean createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty() {
+        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()
+                && userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().isEmpty()) {
+            localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
+                    .add(new GameDirectory(
+                            DEFAULT_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, CURRENT_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
+            userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories()
+                    .add(new GameDirectory(
+                            HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_ID, null, HOME_GAME_DIRECTORY_PATH));
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Rebuilds the merged runtime game directory view from the two backing stores.
+    private static void rebuildGameDirectories() {
+        GameDirectories userGameDirectories = userGameDirectories();
+        GameDirectories localGameDirectories = localGameDirectories();
+        Map<GameDirectoryID, GameDirectory> visibleGameDirectories = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : localGameDirectories.getGameDirectories()) {
+            GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
+            visibleGameDirectories.put(id, gameDirectory);
+        }
+        for (GameDirectory gameDirectory : userGameDirectories.getGameDirectories()) {
+            GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
+            visibleGameDirectories.putIfAbsent(id, gameDirectory);
+        }
+
+        mergedGameDirectories.setAll(visibleGameDirectories.values());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the read-only merged game directory list.
+    public static @UnmodifiableView ObservableList<GameDirectory> getGameDirectories() {
+        return mergedGameDirectoriesUnmodifiable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the repository for the given game directory, creating it when needed.
+    private static HMCLGameRepository getOrCreateRepository(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
+        return repositories.computeIfAbsent(gameDirectory, HMCLGameRepository::new);
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a game directory to the per-workspace store.
+    public static void addLocalGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        if (SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Local game directories are read-only");
+        }
+        addGameDirectory(localGameDirectories(), gameDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a game directory to the user store.
+    public static void addUserGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        if (SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("User game directories are read-only");
+        }
+        addGameDirectory(userGameDirectories(), gameDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether an existing game directory can be updated to the given path.
+    ///
+    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
+    /// @param path the new game directory path
+    /// @return whether both the current and target stores may be edited
+    public static boolean canUpdateGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath path) {
+        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
+        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
+        return !isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(source) && !isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(target);
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites read-only game directory files required to update a game directory.
+    ///
+    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
+    /// @param path the new game directory path
+    public static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoryFiles(GameDirectory gameDirectory, PortablePath path) {
+        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
+        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
+        forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(source);
+        if (target != source) {
+            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(target);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Updates a game directory, moving it between local and user stores when the path type changes.
+    ///
+    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to update
+    /// @param name the new custom game directory name, or `null` for an unnamed game directory
+    /// @param path the new game directory path
+    public static void updateGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory, @Nullable LocalizedText name, PortablePath path) {
+        GameDirectories source = requireGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
+        GameDirectories target = getGameDirectoryStore(path);
+        if (isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(source) || isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(target)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Game directories are read-only");
+        }
+
+        if (source == target) {
+            gameDirectory.setName(name);
+            gameDirectory.setPath(path);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        source.getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
+        gameDirectory.setName(name);
+        gameDirectory.setPath(path);
+        addGameDirectory(target, gameDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the game directory can be removed from all stores containing it.
+    ///
+    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to remove
+    /// @return whether all containing stores may be edited
+    public static boolean canRemoveGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        boolean localContains = localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory);
+        boolean userContains = userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory);
+        return (!localContains || !SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly())
+                && (!userContains || !SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly());
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites read-only game directory files required to remove a game directory.
+    ///
+    /// @param gameDirectory the game directory to remove
+    public static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoryFiles(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
+            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(localGameDirectories());
+        }
+        if (userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
+            forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(userGameDirectories());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a game directory to the given store, replacing a game directory with the same ID in that store.
+    private static void addGameDirectory(GameDirectories gameDirectories, GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
+        ObservableList<GameDirectory> entries = gameDirectories.getGameDirectories();
+        GameDirectoryID id = gameDirectory.getId();
+        for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
+            if (entries.get(i).getId().equals(id)) {
+                repositories.remove(entries.get(i));
+                settings().setSelectedInstance(id, null);
+                entries.set(i, gameDirectory);
+                rebuildGameDirectories();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        entries.add(gameDirectory);
+        rebuildGameDirectories();
+    }
+
+    /// Removes a game directory and recreates the built-in game directories when the list becomes empty.
+    public static void removeGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        if (!canRemoveGameDirectory(gameDirectory)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Game directories are read-only");
+        }
+
+        userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
+        localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().remove(gameDirectory);
+        repositories.remove(gameDirectory);
+        createDefaultGameDirectoriesIfEmpty();
+        rebuildGameDirectories();
+
+        if (!mergedGameDirectories.contains(selectedGameDirectory.get())) {
+            setSelectedGameDirectory(mergedGameDirectories.get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the store that should own game directories with the given path.
+    private static GameDirectories getGameDirectoryStore(PortablePath path) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(path);
+        return path.isAbsolute() ? userGameDirectories() : localGameDirectories();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the store currently containing the game directory.
+    private static @Nullable GameDirectories findGameDirectoryStore(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
+        if (localGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
+            return localGameDirectories();
+        }
+        if (userGameDirectories().getGameDirectories().contains(gameDirectory)) {
+            return userGameDirectories();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the store currently containing the game directory, or throws when it is detached.
+    private static GameDirectories requireGameDirectoryStore(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        @Nullable GameDirectories gameDirectories = findGameDirectoryStore(gameDirectory);
+        if (gameDirectories == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Game directory does not belong to a game directory store");
+        }
+        return gameDirectories;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the given game directory store is read-only.
+    private static boolean isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(GameDirectories gameDirectories) {
+        return gameDirectories.isUserFile()
+                ? SettingsManager.isUserGameDirectoriesReadOnly()
+                : SettingsManager.isLocalGameDirectoriesReadOnly();
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up and overwrites the given game directory store when it is read-only.
+    private static void forceOverwriteGameDirectoriesIfReadOnly(GameDirectories gameDirectories) {
+        if (!isGameDirectoriesReadOnly(gameDirectories)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (gameDirectories.isUserFile()) {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteUserGameDirectories();
+        } else {
+            SettingsManager.forceOverwriteLocalGameDirectories();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected game directory, creating built-in game directories first if the list is empty.
+    public static GameDirectory getSelectedGameDirectory() {
+        GameDirectory gameDirectory = selectedGameDirectory.get();
+        if (gameDirectory == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Selected game directory cannot be null");
+        }
+        return gameDirectory;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected game repository.
+    public static HMCLGameRepository getSelectedRepository() {
+        HMCLGameRepository repository = selectedRepository.get();
+        if (repository == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Selected repository cannot be null");
+        }
+        return repository;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the selected game directory.
+    public static void setSelectedGameDirectory(GameDirectory gameDirectory) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(gameDirectory);
+        if (!mergedGameDirectories.contains(gameDirectory)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown game directory: " + gameDirectory);
+        }
+        selectedGameDirectory.set(gameDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected game directory property.
+    ///
+    /// The property is exposed for UI binding. Values should be changed through
+    /// [#setSelectedGameDirectory(GameDirectory)] or by bidirectional bindings that only select
+    /// game directories from [#getGameDirectories()].
+    public static ObjectProperty<GameDirectory> selectedGameDirectoryProperty() {
+        return selectedGameDirectory;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected game repository property.
+    public static ObjectProperty<HMCLGameRepository> selectedRepositoryProperty() {
+        return selectedRepository;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected instance property projected from the selected repository.
+    public static ReadOnlyStringProperty selectedInstanceProperty() {
+        return selectedInstance.getReadOnlyProperty();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
+    public static @Nullable String getSelectedInstance() {
+        return getSelectedRepository().getSelectedInstance();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the selected instance ID for the selected repository.
+    public static void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable String instance) {
+        getSelectedRepository().setSelectedInstance(instance);
+    }
+
+    /// Listeners notified after the selected repository has loaded versions.
+    private static final List<Consumer<HMCLGameRepository>> versionsListeners = new ArrayList<>(4);
+
+    /// Registers a listener that is notified when the selected repository's versions are available.
+    public static void registerVersionsListener(Consumer<HMCLGameRepository> listener) {
+        HMCLGameRepository repository = getSelectedRepository();
+        if (repository.isLoaded())
+            listener.accept(repository);
+        versionsListeners.add(listener);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import org.glavo.uuid.UUIDs;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TypedID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+/// Stable identifier for a persisted game settings preset.
+///
+/// @param uuid the UUID payload
+@JsonAdapter(GameSettingsPresetID.Adapter.class)
+@JsonSerializable
+@NotNullByDefault
+public record GameSettingsPresetID(UUID uuid) implements TypedID {
+    /// The serialized game settings preset ID prefix.
+    public static final String PREFIX = "game-settings-preset";
+
+    /// The nil identifier value.
+    public static final GameSettingsPresetID NIL = new GameSettingsPresetID(UUIDs.NIL);
+
+    /// Creates a game settings preset ID.
+    public GameSettingsPresetID {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uuid);
+    }
+
+    /// Parses a game settings preset ID from a prefixed UUID string.
+    public static GameSettingsPresetID parse(String value) {
+        return new GameSettingsPresetID(TypedID.parseUUID(PREFIX, value));
+    }
+
+    /// Generates a new time-ordered game settings preset ID.
+    public static GameSettingsPresetID generate() {
+        return new GameSettingsPresetID(UUIDs.generateV7());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the prefixed game settings preset ID string.
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return TypedID.format(PREFIX, uuid);
+    }
+
+    /// Gson adapter for [GameSettingsPresetID].
+    public static final class Adapter extends TypedID.Adapter<GameSettingsPresetID> {
+        /// Creates a game settings preset ID adapter.
+        public Adapter() {
+            super(PREFIX, GameSettingsPresetID::new);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.Observable;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores reusable game settings presets independently from the main config file.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved as `config/game-settings.json` under the current HMCL
+/// directory.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@JsonAdapter(GameSettingsPresets.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+public final class GameSettingsPresets extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this game settings preset store.
+    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("game-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty game settings preset store.
+    public GameSettingsPresets() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// Copies another preset store into this instance.
+    void copyFrom(GameSettingsPresets source) {
+        if (source == this) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        presets.setAll(source.getPresets());
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this game settings preset store file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this game settings preset store file.
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this game settings preset store file.
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this preset store may be saved back to `config/game-settings.json`.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/game-settings.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Reusable game setting presets.
+    @SerializedName("presets")
+    private final ObservableList<GameSettings.Preset> presets =
+            FXCollections.observableArrayList(setting -> new Observable[] { setting });
+
+    /// Returns the reusable game setting presets.
+    public ObservableList<GameSettings.Preset> getPresets() {
+        return presets;
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a preset ID that does not collide with existing presets.
+    public GameSettingsPresetID newPresetId() {
+        GameSettingsPresetID id;
+        do {
+            id = GameSettingsPresetID.generate();
+        } while (getPreset(id) != null);
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the first automatic preset number that is not used by existing presets.
+    public int newPresetAutoNameNumber() {
+        mainLoop:
+        for (int index = 1; ; index++) {
+            for (GameSettings.Preset setting : getPresets()) {
+                Integer autoNameNumber = setting.autoNameNumberProperty().getValue();
+                if ((autoNameNumber != null && autoNameNumber == index)) {
+                    continue mainLoop;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the preset with the given ID.
+    public GameSettings.@Nullable Preset getPreset(@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        for (GameSettings.Preset setting : presets) {
+            if (id.equals(setting.idProperty().getValue())) {
+                return setting;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [GameSettingsPresets].
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<GameSettingsPresets> {
+        /// Creates an empty preset store for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected GameSettingsPresets createInstance() {
+            return new GameSettingsPresets();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+/// The initial display mode of the game window.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+public enum GameWindowType {
+    /// Start the game in a normal window.
+    WINDOWED,
+
+    /// Start the game in fullscreen mode.
+    FULLSCREEN,
+
+    /// Start the game in a maximized window.
+    MAXIMIZED,
+}
@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
- * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
-
-import com.google.gson.*;
-import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
-import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
-import javafx.beans.Observable;
-import javafx.beans.property.*;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableHelper;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.PropertyUtils;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.util.*;
-
-@JsonAdapter(GlobalConfig.Serializer.class)
-public final class GlobalConfig implements Observable {
-
-    @Nullable
-    public static GlobalConfig fromJson(String json) throws JsonParseException {
-        GlobalConfig loaded = Config.CONFIG_GSON.fromJson(json, GlobalConfig.class);
-        if (loaded == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        GlobalConfig instance = new GlobalConfig();
-        PropertyUtils.copyProperties(loaded, instance);
-        instance.unknownFields.putAll(loaded.unknownFields);
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    private final IntegerProperty agreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    private final IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    private final IntegerProperty platformPromptVersion = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    private final IntegerProperty logRetention = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
-
-    private final BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccount = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
-
-    private final StringProperty fontAntiAliasing = new SimpleStringProperty();
-
-    private final ObservableSet<String> userJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
-
-    private final ObservableSet<String> disabledJava = FXCollections.observableSet(new LinkedHashSet<>());
-
-    private final Map<String, Object> unknownFields = new HashMap<>();
-
-    private final transient ObservableHelper helper = new ObservableHelper(this);
-
-    public GlobalConfig() {
-        PropertyUtils.attachListener(this, helper);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void addListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
-        helper.addListener(listener);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void removeListener(InvalidationListener listener) {
-        helper.removeListener(listener);
-    }
-
-    public String toJson() {
-        return Config.CONFIG_GSON.toJson(this);
-    }
-
-    public int getAgreementVersion() {
-        return agreementVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public IntegerProperty agreementVersionProperty() {
-        return agreementVersion;
-    }
-
-    public void setAgreementVersion(int agreementVersion) {
-        this.agreementVersion.set(agreementVersion);
-    }
-
-    public int getTerracottaAgreementVersion() {
-        return terracottaAgreementVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public IntegerProperty terracottaAgreementVersionProperty() {
-        return terracottaAgreementVersion;
-    }
-
-    public void setTerracottaAgreementVersion(int terracottaAgreementVersion) {
-        this.terracottaAgreementVersion.set(terracottaAgreementVersion);
-    }
-
-    public int getPlatformPromptVersion() {
-        return platformPromptVersion.get();
-    }
-
-    public IntegerProperty platformPromptVersionProperty() {
-        return platformPromptVersion;
-    }
-
-    public void setPlatformPromptVersion(int platformPromptVersion) {
-        this.platformPromptVersion.set(platformPromptVersion);
-    }
-
-    public int getLogRetention() {
-        return logRetention.get();
-    }
-
-    public IntegerProperty logRetentionProperty() {
-        return logRetention;
-    }
-
-    public void setLogRetention(int logRetention) {
-        this.logRetention.set(logRetention);
-    }
-
-    public boolean isEnableOfflineAccount() {
-        return enableOfflineAccount.get();
-    }
-
-    public BooleanProperty enableOfflineAccountProperty() {
-        return enableOfflineAccount;
-    }
-
-    public void setEnableOfflineAccount(boolean value) {
-        enableOfflineAccount.set(value);
-    }
-
-    public StringProperty fontAntiAliasingProperty() {
-        return fontAntiAliasing;
-    }
-
-    public String getFontAntiAliasing() {
-        return fontAntiAliasing.get();
-    }
-
-    public void setFontAntiAliasing(String value) {
-        this.fontAntiAliasing.set(value);
-    }
-
-    public ObservableSet<String> getUserJava() {
-        return userJava;
-    }
-
-    public ObservableSet<String> getDisabledJava() {
-        return disabledJava;
-    }
-
-    public static final class Serializer implements JsonSerializer<GlobalConfig>, JsonDeserializer<GlobalConfig> {
-        private static final Set<String> knownFields = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
-                "agreementVersion",
-                "terracottaAgreementVersion",
-                "platformPromptVersion",
-                "logRetention",
-                "userJava",
-                "disabledJava",
-                "enableOfflineAccount",
-                "fontAntiAliasing"
-        ));
-
-        @Override
-        public JsonElement serialize(GlobalConfig src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) {
-            if (src == null) {
-                return JsonNull.INSTANCE;
-            }
-
-            JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
-            jsonObject.add("agreementVersion", context.serialize(src.getAgreementVersion()));
-            jsonObject.add("terracottaAgreementVersion", context.serialize(src.getTerracottaAgreementVersion()));
-            jsonObject.add("platformPromptVersion", context.serialize(src.getPlatformPromptVersion()));
-            jsonObject.add("logRetention", context.serialize(src.getLogRetention()));
-            jsonObject.add("fontAntiAliasing", context.serialize(src.getFontAntiAliasing()));
-            if (src.enableOfflineAccount.get())
-                jsonObject.addProperty("enableOfflineAccount", true);
-
-            if (!src.getUserJava().isEmpty())
-                jsonObject.add("userJava", context.serialize(src.getUserJava()));
-
-            if (!src.getDisabledJava().isEmpty())
-                jsonObject.add("disabledJava", context.serialize(src.getDisabledJava()));
-
-            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : src.unknownFields.entrySet()) {
-                jsonObject.add(entry.getKey(), context.serialize(entry.getValue()));
-            }
-
-            return jsonObject;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public GlobalConfig deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException {
-            if (!(json instanceof JsonObject)) return null;
-
-            JsonObject obj = (JsonObject) json;
-
-            GlobalConfig config = new GlobalConfig();
-            config.setAgreementVersion(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("agreementVersion")).map(JsonElement::getAsInt).orElse(0));
-            config.setTerracottaAgreementVersion(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("terracottaAgreementVersion")).map(JsonElement::getAsInt).orElse(0));
-            config.setPlatformPromptVersion(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("platformPromptVersion")).map(JsonElement::getAsInt).orElse(0));
-            config.setLogRetention(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("logRetention")).map(JsonElement::getAsInt).orElse(20));
-            config.setEnableOfflineAccount(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("enableOfflineAccount")).map(JsonElement::getAsBoolean).orElse(false));
-            config.setFontAntiAliasing(Optional.ofNullable(obj.get("fontAntiAliasing")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(null));
-
-            JsonElement userJava = obj.get("userJava");
-            if (userJava != null && userJava.isJsonArray()) {
-                for (JsonElement element : userJava.getAsJsonArray()) {
-                    config.userJava.add(element.getAsString());
-                }
-            }
-
-            JsonElement disabledJava = obj.get("disabledJava");
-            if (disabledJava != null && disabledJava.isJsonArray()) {
-                for (JsonElement element : disabledJava.getAsJsonArray()) {
-                    config.disabledJava.add(element.getAsString());
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (Map.Entry<String, JsonElement> entry : obj.entrySet()) {
-                if (!knownFields.contains(entry.getKey())) {
-                    config.unknownFields.put(entry.getKey(), context.deserialize(entry.getValue(), Object.class));
-                }
-            }
-
-            return config;
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -17,9 +17,27 @@
 */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;

-/**
- * @author Glavo
- */
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+/// Selects how HMCL resolves the Java runtime used to launch a game.
+///
+/// Additional payload for these modes is stored in `GameSettings`:
+/// - [VERSION] uses `customJavaVersion` as the user-entered Java version selector.
+/// - [DETECTED] uses `detectedJava` as the detected runtime reference.
+/// - [CUSTOM] uses `customJavaPath` as the executable path selected by the user.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
 public enum JavaVersionType {
-    DEFAULT, AUTO, VERSION, DETECTED, CUSTOM
+    /// Automatically selects a suitable Java runtime for the target game version.
+    AUTO,
+
+    /// Selects an installed Java runtime by major version.
+    VERSION,
+
+    /// Selects one runtime from the Java runtimes detected by HMCL.
+    DETECTED,
+
+    /// Uses a user-provided Java executable path.
+    CUSTOM
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+
+/// Marks a detached settings object that stores its own JSON schema URL.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+interface JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// Returns the schema used by this JSON settings file.
+    JsonSchema getSchema();
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this JSON settings file.
+    ///
+    /// @param schema the schema to store
+    void setSchema(JsonSchema schema);
+
+    /// Returns whether this settings object may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    boolean isSavable();
+
+    /// Sets whether this settings object may be saved back to its JSON file.
+    ///
+    /// @param savable whether this settings object may be saved
+    void setSavable(boolean savable);
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    boolean isBackupOnNextSave();
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first.
+    ///
+    /// @param backupOnNextSave whether the next successful save should back up the current on-disk file first
+    void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.FileSaver;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
+
+/// Loads, saves, and validates a detached JSON settings file with a [JsonSchema] marker.
+///
+/// @param <T> the settings object type
+/// @author Glavo
+@NotNullByDefault
+final class JsonSettingFile<T extends ObservableSetting & JsonSchemaSetting> {
+    /// The settings file location.
+    private final Path location;
+
+    /// The human-readable file type name used in logs.
+    private final String displayName;
+
+    /// The settings object type.
+    private final Class<T> type;
+
+    /// The JSON schema supported by the current code.
+    private final JsonSchema expectedSchema;
+
+    /// Creates a default settings object.
+    private final Supplier<T> createDefault;
+
+    /// Creates a detached JSON settings file helper.
+    ///
+    /// @param location the settings file location
+    /// @param displayName the human-readable file type name used in logs
+    /// @param type the settings object type
+    /// @param expectedSchema the JSON schema supported by the current code
+    /// @param createDefault creates a default settings object
+    JsonSettingFile(
+            Path location,
+            String displayName,
+            Class<T> type,
+            JsonSchema expectedSchema,
+            Supplier<T> createDefault) {
+        this.location = Objects.requireNonNull(location);
+        this.displayName = Objects.requireNonNull(displayName);
+        this.type = Objects.requireNonNull(type);
+        this.expectedSchema = Objects.requireNonNull(expectedSchema);
+        this.createDefault = Objects.requireNonNull(createDefault);
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the settings file, falling back to migrated data or a default object when absent.
+    ///
+    /// @param migrated migrated settings data used when the file is absent
+    /// @return the loaded settings object
+    /// @throws IOException if reading the file fails
+    LoadResult<T> load(@Nullable T migrated) throws IOException {
+        if (Files.exists(location)) {
+            try {
+                JsonObject jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromJsonFile(location, JsonObject.class);
+                if (jsonObject == null) {
+                    LOG.warning(displayName + " are empty: " + location);
+                    return result(createDefault.get(), true);
+                } else {
+                    JsonSchema.CompatibilityResult schemaResult =
+                            JsonSchema.check(jsonObject, expectedSchema);
+                    switch (schemaResult.status()) {
+                        case MISSING -> LOG.warning("Missing schema in " + displayName + ": " + location);
+                        case INVALID -> LOG.warning("Invalid schema in " + displayName + ": "
+                                + location + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.invalidValue());
+                        case UNPARSEABLE -> LOG.warning("Unparseable schema in " + displayName + ": "
+                                + location + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                        case UNEXPECTED_ID -> LOG.warning("Unexpected " + displayName + " schema. Expected: "
+                                + expectedSchema + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                        case UNSUPPORTED_MAJOR, READ_ONLY_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> LOG.warning("Unsupported " + displayName
+                                + " schema. Expected: " + expectedSchema + ", Actual: " + schemaResult.actual());
+                        case READ_WRITE, READ_WRITE_PRESERVE_SCHEMA -> {
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!schemaResult.readable()) {
+                        return result(createDefault.get(), SettingFileAccess.UNREADABLE);
+                    }
+
+                    T deserialized = LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.<@Nullable T>fromJson(jsonObject, type);
+                    if (deserialized != null) {
+                        // Patch-compatible files keep their original schema because unknown members are preserved.
+                        if (!schemaResult.preserveSchema() && !expectedSchema.equals(deserialized.getSchema())) {
+                            deserialized.setSchema(expectedSchema);
+                        }
+
+                        return result(deserialized, schemaResult.allowSave()
+                                ? SettingFileAccess.READ_WRITE
+                                : SettingFileAccess.READ_ONLY);
+                    }
+
+                    LOG.warning(displayName + " deserialized to null: " + location);
+                }
+            } catch (JsonParseException e) {
+                LOG.warning("Malformed " + displayName + ".", e);
+                return result(createDefault.get(), true, true);
+            }
+
+            return result(createDefault.get(), SettingFileAccess.UNREADABLE);
+        }
+
+        return result(Objects.requireNonNullElseGet(migrated, createDefault), true);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a load result and stores the saveability metadata on the settings object.
+    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, boolean savable) {
+        return result(value, savable, false);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a load result and stores the saveability metadata on the settings object.
+    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, boolean savable, boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        value.setSavable(savable);
+        value.setBackupOnNextSave(backupOnNextSave);
+        return new LoadResult<>(value, SettingFileAccess.READ_WRITE);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a load result and stores the access metadata on the settings object.
+    private LoadResult<T> result(T value, SettingFileAccess access) {
+        value.setSavable(access.canSave());
+        value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+        return new LoadResult<>(value, access);
+    }
+
+    /// Installs an automatic save listener on a settings object.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the settings object to observe
+    void installAutoSave(T value) {
+        value.addListener(source -> save(value));
+    }
+
+    /// Saves a settings object.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the settings object to save
+    void save(T value) {
+        if (value.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
+        }
+        FileSaver.save(location, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(value, type));
+    }
+
+    /// Saves a settings object synchronously.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the settings object to save
+    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
+    void saveSync(T value) throws IOException {
+        if (value.isBackupOnNextSave()) {
+            value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+            SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
+        }
+        FileUtils.saveSafely(location, LauncherSettings.SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(value, type));
+    }
+
+    /// Prepares a settings object for overwriting a detached settings file.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the replacement settings object
+    private void prepareOverwrite(T value) {
+        SettingFileUtils.backupInvalidConfig(location);
+        value.setSchema(expectedSchema);
+        value.setSavable(true);
+        value.setBackupOnNextSave(false);
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up the current file and overwrites it with the given value using the current schema.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the replacement settings object
+    void backupAndOverwrite(T value) {
+        prepareOverwrite(value);
+        save(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Backs up the current file and overwrites it synchronously with the given value using the current schema.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the replacement settings object
+    /// @throws IOException if saving the file fails
+    void backupAndOverwriteSync(T value) throws IOException {
+        prepareOverwrite(value);
+        saveSync(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Result of loading a detached JSON settings file.
+    ///
+    /// @param value the loaded settings object
+    /// @param access whether the source file may be read and overwritten
+    record LoadResult<T extends ObservableSetting & JsonSchemaSetting>(T value, SettingFileAccess access) {
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,683 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.*;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableSet;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
+import javafx.scene.paint.Paint;
+import org.glavo.monetfx.ColorStyle;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableListCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableMapCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.creators.ObservableSetCreator;
+import org.hildan.fxgson.factories.JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.Metadata;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.AccountID;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaRuntime;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BackgroundLoadPolicy;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.BuiltinBackground;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeColor;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.theme.ThemeReference;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.SupportedLocale;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/// Stores the current workspace's main launcher settings.
+///
+/// This file keeps launcher-level choices such as UI preferences, network settings, selected game directory,
+/// selected instances, and account selection. Larger domain-specific stores, such as game directories,
+/// game settings presets, accounts, launcher state, and authlib-injector servers, are persisted in detached
+/// JSON files managed by [SettingsManager].
+@JsonAdapter(value = LauncherSettings.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+public final class LauncherSettings extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this launcher settings class.
+    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA = new JsonSchema("launcher-settings", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// The JSON property name for the default game setting preset ID.
+    static final String PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET = "defaultGameSettingsPreset";
+
+    /// The JSON property name for the selected game directory ID.
+    static final String PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY = "selectedGameDirectory";
+
+    /// The JSON property name for selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
+    static final String PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE = "selectedInstance";
+
+    /// Default launcher theme used when no stored theme reference is available.
+    public static final ThemeReference DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE = new ThemeReference("hmcl.default", null);
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for theme brightness mode.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BRIGHTNESS_MODE = "themeBrightnessMode";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for theme color seed.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_COLOR = "themeColor";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for theme color style.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_COLOR_STYLE = "themeColorStyle";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for title-bar transparency.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_TITLE_BAR_TRANSPARENT = "titleBarTransparent";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for window transparency.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT = "windowTransparent";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for the primary background source.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BACKGROUND = "background";
+
+    /// Theme appearance override key for background opacity.
+    public static final String THEME_APPEARANCE_BACKGROUND_OPACITY = "backgroundOpacity";
+
+    /// Gson instance used for launcher settings and related settings objects that depend on JavaFX properties.
+    public static final Gson SETTINGS_GSON = new GsonBuilder()
+            .registerTypeAdapter(Path.class, PathTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
+            .registerTypeAdapter(UUID.class, UUIDTypeAdapter.INSTANCE)
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableList.class, new ObservableListCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableSet.class, new ObservableSetCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapter(ObservableMap.class, new ObservableMapCreator())
+            .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new JavaFxPropertyTypeAdapterFactory(true, true))
+            .registerTypeAdapter(Paint.class, new PaintAdapter())
+            .setPrettyPrinting()
+            .setObjectToNumberStrategy(ToNumberPolicy.LONG_OR_DOUBLE)
+            .create();
+
+    /// Deserializes launcher settings from JSON.
+    ///
+    /// @param json the JSON object to read
+    /// @return the deserialized launcher settings
+    /// @throws JsonParseException if the JSON cannot be deserialized as launcher settings
+    public static LauncherSettings fromJson(JsonObject json) throws JsonParseException {
+        return SETTINGS_GSON.fromJson(json, LauncherSettings.class);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates empty launcher settings using current defaults.
+    public LauncherSettings() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// Serializes these launcher settings to formatted JSON.
+    public String toJson() {
+        return SETTINGS_GSON.toJson(this);
+    }
+
+    // Properties
+
+    /// The schema used by this launcher settings file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this launcher settings file.
+    @Override
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this launcher settings file.
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave = false;
+
+    /// Returns whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this launcher settings object may be saved back to `config/launcher-settings.json`.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `config/launcher-settings.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// The launcher UI language.
+    @SerializedName("language")
+    private final ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> language = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(SupportedLocale.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher UI language property.
+    public ObjectProperty<SupportedLocale> languageProperty() {
+        return language;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether preview builds are accepted by update checks.
+    @SerializedName("acceptPreviewUpdate")
+    private final BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdate = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    /// Returns the preview update opt-in property.
+    public BooleanProperty acceptPreviewUpdateProperty() {
+        return acceptPreviewUpdate;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether automatic update dialogs are disabled.
+    @SerializedName("disableAutoShowUpdateDialog")
+    private final BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialog = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    /// Returns the automatic update dialog disable property.
+    public BooleanProperty disableAutoShowUpdateDialogProperty() {
+        return disableAutoShowUpdateDialog;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether April Fools features are disabled.
+    @SerializedName("disableAprilFools")
+    private final BooleanProperty disableAprilFools = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    /// Returns the April Fools disable property.
+    public BooleanProperty disableAprilFoolsProperty() {
+        return disableAprilFools;
+    }
+
+    /// The common Minecraft directory selection mode.
+    @SerializedName("commonDirectoryType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirectoryType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(EnumCommonDirectory.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the common Minecraft directory selection mode property.
+    public ObjectProperty<EnumCommonDirectory> commonDirectoryTypeProperty() {
+        return commonDirectoryType;
+    }
+
+    /// The custom common Minecraft directory path.
+    @SerializedName("commonDirectory")
+    private final StringProperty commonDirectory = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the custom common Minecraft directory property.
+    public StringProperty commonDirectoryProperty() {
+        return commonDirectory;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the default common Minecraft directory path.
+    public static String getDefaultCommonDirectory() {
+        return Metadata.MINECRAFT_DIRECTORY.toString();
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves the effective common Minecraft directory from the current directory settings.
+    ///
+    /// @return the effective directory path, or `null` when the configured mode is not recognized
+    public String getResolvedCommonDirectory() {
+        EnumCommonDirectory type = commonDirectoryType.get();
+        String customPath = commonDirectory.get();
+
+        return type == EnumCommonDirectory.CUSTOM && StringUtils.isNotBlank(customPath)
+                ? customPath
+                : getDefaultCommonDirectory();
+    }
+
+    /// The maximum number of log lines kept in log views.
+    @SerializedName("logLines")
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Integer> logLines = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    /// Returns the log line limit property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Integer> logLinesProperty() {
+        return logLines;
+    }
+
+    // UI
+
+    // Theme selection
+
+    /// The installed theme selected by the launcher, or `null` when older settings do not contain a theme reference.
+    @SerializedName("selectedTheme")
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedTheme =
+            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
+
+    /// Returns the selected installed theme property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable ThemeReference> selectedThemeProperty() {
+        return selectedTheme;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected installed theme, falling back to the built-in default theme.
+    public ThemeReference getSelectedThemeOrDefault() {
+        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(selectedTheme.get(), DEFAULT_THEME_REFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    // Theme appearance overrides
+
+    /// Theme appearance setting keys overridden by the launcher.
+    @SerializedName("themeAppearanceOverrides")
+    private final ObservableSet<String> themeAppearanceOverrides = FXCollections.observableSet();
+
+    /// Returns the theme appearance setting keys overridden by the launcher.
+    public ObservableSet<String> getThemeAppearanceOverrides() {
+        return themeAppearanceOverrides;
+    }
+
+    // Theme appearance values
+
+    /// The configured theme brightness mode identifier.
+    @SerializedName("themeBrightnessMode")
+    private final StringProperty themeBrightnessMode = new SimpleStringProperty("auto");
+
+    /// Returns the theme brightness mode property.
+    public StringProperty themeBrightnessModeProperty() {
+        return themeBrightnessMode;
+    }
+
+    /// The custom launcher theme color preserved when dynamic color extraction is used.
+    @SerializedName("customThemeColor")
+    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> customThemeColor = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ThemeColor.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the custom launcher theme color property.
+    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColor> customThemeColorProperty() {
+        return customThemeColor;
+    }
+
+    /// The source used to choose the launcher Monet theme color seed.
+    @SerializedName("themeColorType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<ThemeColorType> themeColorType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(ThemeColorType.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher theme color source type property.
+    public ObjectProperty<ThemeColorType> themeColorTypeProperty() {
+        return themeColorType;
+    }
+
+    /// The MonetFX color style used to generate the launcher color scheme.
+    @SerializedName("themeColorStyle")
+    private final ObjectProperty<ColorStyle> themeColorStyle = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(ColorStyle.FIDELITY);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher theme color style property.
+    public ObjectProperty<ColorStyle> themeColorStyleProperty() {
+        return themeColorStyle;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the launcher title bar is transparent.
+    @SerializedName("titleBarTransparent")
+    private final BooleanProperty titleBarTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    /// Returns the transparent title-bar property.
+    public BooleanProperty titleBarTransparentProperty() {
+        return titleBarTransparent;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether translucent launcher backgrounds reveal content behind the window.
+    @SerializedName("windowTransparent")
+    private final BooleanProperty windowTransparent = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
+
+    /// Returns the window transparency property.
+    public BooleanProperty windowTransparentProperty() {
+        return windowTransparent;
+    }
+
+    // Background source
+
+    /// The launcher background source type.
+    @SerializedName("backgroundType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundType = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundType.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher background source type property.
+    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundTypeProperty() {
+        return backgroundType;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected built-in launcher wallpaper ID.
+    @SerializedName("builtinBackgroundId")
+    private final StringProperty builtinBackgroundId = new SimpleStringProperty(BuiltinBackground.FALLBACK.id());
+
+    /// Returns the selected built-in launcher wallpaper ID property.
+    public StringProperty builtinBackgroundIdProperty() {
+        return builtinBackgroundId;
+    }
+
+    /// The local custom launcher background image path.
+    @SerializedName("customBackgroundImagePath")
+    private final StringProperty customBackgroundImagePath = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the local custom launcher background image path property.
+    public StringProperty customBackgroundImagePathProperty() {
+        return customBackgroundImagePath;
+    }
+
+    /// The remote network launcher background image URL.
+    @SerializedName("networkBackgroundImageUrl")
+    private final StringProperty networkBackgroundImageUrl = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the remote network launcher background image URL property.
+    public StringProperty networkBackgroundImageUrlProperty() {
+        return networkBackgroundImageUrl;
+    }
+
+    /// The custom launcher background paint.
+    @SerializedName("customBackgroundPaint")
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> customBackgroundPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    /// Returns the custom launcher background paint property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable Paint> customBackgroundPaintProperty() {
+        return customBackgroundPaint;
+    }
+
+    // Background appearance
+
+    /// The launcher background opacity value.
+    @SerializedName("backgroundOpacity")
+    private final DoubleProperty backgroundOpacity = new SimpleDoubleProperty(1.0);
+
+    /// Returns the custom launcher background opacity value property.
+    public DoubleProperty backgroundOpacityProperty() {
+        return backgroundOpacity;
+    }
+
+    // Background loading
+
+    /// The URL image cache policy for network launcher backgrounds.
+    @SerializedName("networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy")
+    private final ObjectProperty<NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy> networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy =
+            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy.ENABLED);
+
+    /// Returns the URL image cache policy for network launcher backgrounds.
+    public ObjectProperty<NetworkBackgroundImageCachePolicy> networkBackgroundImageCachePolicyProperty() {
+        return networkBackgroundImageCachePolicy;
+    }
+
+    /// The fallback source used when the selected launcher background cannot be loaded.
+    @SerializedName("backgroundFallbackType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundFallbackType =
+            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundType.BUILTIN);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher background fallback source type property.
+    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundType> backgroundFallbackTypeProperty() {
+        return backgroundFallbackType;
+    }
+
+    /// The fallback paint used when the selected launcher background cannot be loaded.
+    @SerializedName("backgroundFallbackPaint")
+    private final ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundFallbackPaint = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(Color.WHITE);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher background fallback paint property.
+    public ObjectProperty<Paint> backgroundFallbackPaintProperty() {
+        return backgroundFallbackPaint;
+    }
+
+    /// How the launcher displays its window while the selected background is loading.
+    @SerializedName("backgroundLoadPolicy")
+    private final ObjectProperty<BackgroundLoadPolicy> backgroundLoadPolicy =
+            new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(BackgroundLoadPolicy.WAIT_FOR_BACKGROUND);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher background loading policy property.
+    public ObjectProperty<BackgroundLoadPolicy> backgroundLoadPolicyProperty() {
+        return backgroundLoadPolicy;
+    }
+
+    // Fonts
+
+    /// The font family used by launcher log views.
+    @SerializedName("logFontFamily")
+    private final StringProperty logFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the launcher log font family property.
+    public StringProperty logFontFamilyProperty() {
+        return logFontFamily;
+    }
+
+    /// The launcher log font size.
+    @SerializedName("logFontSize")
+    private final DoubleProperty logFontSize = new SimpleDoubleProperty(12);
+
+    /// Returns the launcher log font size property.
+    public DoubleProperty logFontSizeProperty() {
+        return logFontSize;
+    }
+
+    /// The font family used by launcher chrome.
+    @SerializedName("launcherFontFamily")
+    private final StringProperty launcherFontFamily = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the launcher chrome font family property.
+    public StringProperty launcherFontFamilyProperty() {
+        return launcherFontFamily;
+    }
+
+    // General UI
+
+    /// Whether UI animations are disabled.
+    @SerializedName("animationDisabled")
+    private final BooleanProperty animationDisabled = new SimpleBooleanProperty(
+            FXUtils.REDUCED_MOTION == Boolean.TRUE
+                    || !JavaRuntime.CURRENT_JIT_ENABLED
+                    || !FXUtils.GPU_ACCELERATION_ENABLED
+    );
+
+    /// Returns the UI animation disable property.
+    public BooleanProperty animationDisabledProperty() {
+        return animationDisabled;
+    }
+
+    // Networks
+
+    /// Whether HMCL automatically selects the number of download threads.
+    @SerializedName("autoDownloadThreads")
+    private final BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreads = new SimpleBooleanProperty(true);
+
+    /// Returns the automatic download thread count property.
+    public BooleanProperty autoDownloadThreadsProperty() {
+        return autoDownloadThreads;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured number of download threads.
+    @SerializedName("downloadThreads")
+    private final IntegerProperty downloadThreads = new SimpleIntegerProperty(64);
+
+    /// Returns the download thread count property.
+    public IntegerProperty downloadThreadsProperty() {
+        return downloadThreads;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected game version list download source.
+    @SerializedName("versionListSource")
+    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the selected game version list download source property.
+    public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> versionListSourceProperty() {
+        return versionListSource;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected file download source.
+    @SerializedName("fileDownloadSource")
+    private final ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSource = new RawPreservingObjectProperty<>(DownloadSource.DEFAULT);
+
+    /// Returns the selected file download source property.
+    public ObjectProperty<DownloadSource> fileDownloadSourceProperty() {
+        return fileDownloadSource;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected default add-on source ID.
+    @SerializedName("defaultAddonSource")
+    private final StringProperty defaultAddonSource = new SimpleStringProperty("modrinth");
+
+    /// Returns the selected default add-on source ID property.
+    public StringProperty defaultAddonSourceProperty() {
+        return defaultAddonSource;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether proxy authentication is enabled.
+    @SerializedName("hasProxyAuth")
+    private final BooleanProperty hasProxyAuth = new SimpleBooleanProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the proxy authentication enable property.
+    public BooleanProperty hasProxyAuthProperty() {
+        return hasProxyAuth;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured network proxy selection mode.
+    @SerializedName("proxyType")
+    private final ObjectProperty<ProxyType> proxyType = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(ProxyType.SYSTEM);
+
+    /// Returns the network proxy selection mode property.
+    public ObjectProperty<ProxyType> proxyTypeProperty() {
+        return proxyType;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured network proxy host.
+    @SerializedName("proxyHost")
+    private final StringProperty proxyHost = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the network proxy host property.
+    public StringProperty proxyHostProperty() {
+        return proxyHost;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured network proxy port.
+    @SerializedName("proxyPort")
+    private final IntegerProperty proxyPort = new SimpleIntegerProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the network proxy port property.
+    public IntegerProperty proxyPortProperty() {
+        return proxyPort;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured proxy authentication username.
+    @SerializedName("proxyUser")
+    private final StringProperty proxyUser = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the proxy authentication username property.
+    public StringProperty proxyUserProperty() {
+        return proxyUser;
+    }
+
+    /// The configured proxy authentication password.
+    @SerializedName("proxyPassword")
+    private final StringProperty proxyPassword = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the proxy authentication password property.
+    public StringProperty proxyPasswordProperty() {
+        return proxyPassword;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected game directory ID.
+    ///
+    /// This field is owned by [GameDirectoryManager]. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager] should not modify it directly.
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY)
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameDirectoryID> selectedGameDirectory =
+            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, PROPERTY_SELECTED_GAME_DIRECTORY);
+
+    /// Returns the selected game directory ID property.
+    ///
+    /// This property is exposed for persistence and [GameDirectoryManager] integration. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager]
+    /// should use `GameDirectoryManager.setSelectedGameDirectory` instead of modifying this property directly.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameDirectoryID> selectedGameDirectoryProperty() {
+        return selectedGameDirectory;
+    }
+
+    /// The default game setting preset ID.
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET)
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> defaultGameSettingsPreset =
+            new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, PROPERTY_DEFAULT_GAME_SETTINGS_PRESET);
+
+    /// Returns the default game setting preset ID property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable GameSettingsPresetID> defaultGameSettingsPresetProperty() {
+        return defaultGameSettingsPreset;
+    }
+
+    /// Selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
+    ///
+    /// This field is owned by [GameDirectoryManager]. Code outside [GameDirectoryManager] should not modify it directly.
+    @SerializedName(PROPERTY_SELECTED_INSTANCE)
+    private final ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> selectedInstance = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
+
+    /// Returns selected instance IDs keyed by game directory ID.
+    ///
+    /// The map stores persisted selected instance values by game directory ID.
+    public ObservableMap<GameDirectoryID, String> getSelectedInstance() {
+        return selectedInstance;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
+    ///
+    /// The value is loaded by the game repository for the matching game directory.
+    public @Nullable String getSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId) {
+        return gameDirectoryId != null ? selectedInstance.get(gameDirectoryId) : null;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the selected instance ID for the given game directory ID.
+    ///
+    /// Blank values remove the persisted selected instance entry.
+    public void setSelectedInstance(@Nullable GameDirectoryID gameDirectoryId, @Nullable String selectedInstance) {
+        if (gameDirectoryId == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(selectedInstance)) {
+            this.selectedInstance.remove(gameDirectoryId);
+        } else {
+            this.selectedInstance.put(gameDirectoryId, selectedInstance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Accounts
+
+    /// The preferred login type to use when the user wants to add an account.
+    @SerializedName("preferredLoginType")
+    private final StringProperty preferredLoginType = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the preferred login type property.
+    public StringProperty preferredLoginTypeProperty() {
+        return preferredLoginType;
+    }
+
+    /// The selected account reference.
+    @SerializedName("selectedAccount")
+    private final ObjectProperty<@Nullable AccountID> selectedAccount = new SimpleObjectProperty<>();
+
+    /// Returns the selected account reference property.
+    public ObjectProperty<@Nullable AccountID> selectedAccountProperty() {
+        return selectedAccount;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [LauncherSettings].
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<LauncherSettings> {
+        /// Creates empty launcher settings for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected LauncherSettings createInstance() {
+            return new LauncherSettings();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Hello Minecraft! Launcher
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 huangyuhui <huanghongxun2008@126.com> and contributors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.JsonAdapter;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
+import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
+import javafx.collections.ObservableMap;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSchema;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonSerializable;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.ObservableSetting;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullByDefault;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/// Stores per-workspace launcher runtime state independently from the main settings file.
+///
+/// The JSON representation is saved as `state/launcher-state.json` under the current HMCL directory.
+///
+/// @author Glavo
+@JsonAdapter(LauncherState.Adapter.class)
+@NotNullByDefault
+@JsonSerializable
+public final class LauncherState extends ObservableSetting implements JsonSchemaSetting {
+    /// The JSON schema supported by this launcher state store.
+    public static final JsonSchema CURRENT_SCHEMA =
+            new JsonSchema("launcher-state", new JsonSchema.Version(1, 0, 0));
+
+    /// Creates an empty launcher state store.
+    public LauncherState() {
+        tracker.markDirty(schema);
+        register();
+    }
+
+    /// The schema used by this launcher state file.
+    @SerializedName(JsonSchema.PROPERTY_SCHEMA)
+    private final ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schema = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(CURRENT_SCHEMA);
+
+    /// Returns the schema property.
+    public ObjectProperty<JsonSchema> schemaProperty() {
+        return schema;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the schema used by this launcher state file.
+    public JsonSchema getSchema() {
+        return schema.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the schema used by this launcher state file.
+    public void setSchema(JsonSchema schema) {
+        this.schema.set(Objects.requireNonNull(schema));
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
+    private transient boolean savable = true;
+
+    /// Whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
+    private transient boolean backupOnNextSave;
+
+    /// Returns whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSavable() {
+        return savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this launcher state may be saved back to `state/launcher-state.json`.
+    @Override
+    public void setSavable(boolean savable) {
+        this.savable = savable;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public boolean isBackupOnNextSave() {
+        return backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether the next successful save should back up the current `state/launcher-state.json` first.
+    @Override
+    public void setBackupOnNextSave(boolean backupOnNextSave) {
+        this.backupOnNextSave = backupOnNextSave;
+    }
+
+    /// The normalized launcher window content X position.
+    @SerializedName("x")
+    private final DoubleProperty x = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content X position property.
+    public DoubleProperty xProperty() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content X position.
+    public double getX() {
+        return x.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the normalized launcher window content X position.
+    public void setX(double x) {
+        this.x.set(x);
+    }
+
+    /// The normalized launcher window content Y position.
+    @SerializedName("y")
+    private final DoubleProperty y = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content Y position property.
+    public DoubleProperty yProperty() {
+        return y;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the normalized launcher window content Y position.
+    public double getY() {
+        return y.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the normalized launcher window content Y position.
+    public void setY(double y) {
+        this.y.set(y);
+    }
+
+    /// The launcher window content width.
+    @SerializedName("width")
+    private final DoubleProperty width = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the launcher window content width property.
+    public DoubleProperty widthProperty() {
+        return width;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the launcher window content width.
+    public double getWidth() {
+        return width.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the launcher window content width.
+    public void setWidth(double width) {
+        this.width.set(width);
+    }
+
+    /// The launcher window content height.
+    @SerializedName("height")
+    private final DoubleProperty height = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the launcher window content height property.
+    public DoubleProperty heightProperty() {
+        return height;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the launcher window content height.
+    public double getHeight() {
+        return height.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the launcher window content height.
+    public void setHeight(double height) {
+        this.height.set(height);
+    }
+
+    /// The latest update version that has already prompted the user.
+    @SerializedName("promptedVersion")
+    private final StringProperty promptedVersion = new SimpleStringProperty();
+
+    /// Returns the latest prompted update version.
+    public @Nullable String getPromptedVersion() {
+        return promptedVersion.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the latest prompted update version property.
+    public StringProperty promptedVersionProperty() {
+        return promptedVersion;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the latest prompted update version.
+    public void setPromptedVersion(@Nullable String promptedVersion) {
+        this.promptedVersion.set(promptedVersion);
+    }
+
+    /// Tip markers that prevent repeated prompts.
+    @SerializedName("shownTips")
+    private final ObservableMap<String, Object> shownTips = FXCollections.observableHashMap();
+
+    /// Returns tip markers that prevent repeated prompts.
+    public ObservableMap<String, Object> getShownTips() {
+        return shownTips;
+    }
+
+    /// JSON adapter for [LauncherState].
+    public static final class Adapter extends ObservableSetting.Adapter<LauncherState> {
+        /// Creates an empty launcher state store for deserialization.
+        @Override
+        protected LauncherState createInstance() {
+            return new LauncherState();
+        }
+    }
+}